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= Welcome to \Rails
== What's \Rails
\Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to
create database-backed web applications according to the
{Model-View-Controller (MVC)}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-view-controller]
pattern.
Understanding the MVC pattern is key to understanding \Rails. MVC divides your
application into three layers: Model, View, and Controller, each with a specific responsibility.
== Model layer
The <em><b>Model layer</b></em> represents the domain model (such as Account, Product,
Person, Post, etc.) and encapsulates the business logic specific to
your application. In \Rails, database-backed model classes are derived from
<tt>ActiveRecord::Base</tt>. {Active Record}[link:files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html] allows you to present the data from
database rows as objects and embellish these data objects with business logic
methods. Although most \Rails models are backed by a database, models can also be ordinary
Ruby classes, or Ruby classes that implement a set of interfaces as provided by
the {Active Model}[link:files/activemodel/README_rdoc.html] module.
== Controller layer
The <em><b>Controller layer</b></em> is responsible for handling incoming HTTP requests and
providing a suitable response. Usually this means returning \HTML, but \Rails controllers
can also generate XML, JSON, PDFs, mobile-specific views, and more. Controllers load and
manipulate models, and render view templates in order to generate the appropriate HTTP response.
In \Rails, incoming requests are routed by Action Dispatch to an appropriate controller, and
controller classes are derived from <tt>ActionController::Base</tt>. Action Dispatch and Action Controller
are bundled together in {Action Pack}[link:files/actionpack/README_rdoc.html].
== View layer
The <em><b>View layer</b></em> is composed of "templates" that are responsible for providing
appropriate representations of your application's resources. Templates can
come in a variety of formats, but most view templates are \HTML with embedded
Ruby code (ERB files). Views are typically rendered to generate a controller response,
or to generate the body of an email. In \Rails, View generation is handled by {Action View}[link:files/actionview/README_rdoc.html].
== Frameworks and libraries
{Active Record}[link:files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html], {Active Model}[link:files/activemodel/README_rdoc.html],
{Action Pack}[link:files/actionpack/README_rdoc.html], and {Action View}[link:files/actionview/README_rdoc.html] can each be used independently outside \Rails.
In addition to that, \Rails also comes with {Action Mailer}[link:files/actionmailer/README_rdoc.html], a library
to generate and send emails; {Action Mailbox}[link:files/actionmailbox/README_md.html], a library to receive emails within a Rails application;
{Active Job}[link:files/activejob/README_md.html], a framework for declaring jobs and making them run on a variety of queueing
backends; {Action Cable}[link:files/actioncable/README_md.html], a framework to
integrate WebSockets with a \Rails application; {Active Storage}[link:files/activestorage/README_md.html],
a library to attach cloud and local files to \Rails applications; {Action Text}[link:files/actiontext/README_md.html], a library to handle rich text content;
and {Active Support}[link:files/activesupport/README_rdoc.html], a collection
of utility classes and standard library extensions that are useful for \Rails,
and may also be used independently outside \Rails.
== Getting Started
1. Install \Rails at the command prompt if you haven't yet:
$ gem install rails
2. At the command prompt, create a new \Rails application:
$ rails new myapp
where "myapp" is the application name.
3. Change directory to +myapp+ and start the web server:
$ cd myapp
$ rails server
Run with <tt>--help</tt> or <tt>-h</tt> for options.
4. Go to <tt>http://localhost:3000</tt> and you'll see: "Yay! You’re on \Rails!"
5. Follow the guidelines to start developing your application. You may find the following resources handy:
* The \README file created within your application.
* {Getting Started with \Rails}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html].
* {Ruby on \Rails Guides}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org].
* {The API Documentation}[https://api.rubyonrails.org].
* {Ruby on \Rails Tutorial}[https://www.railstutorial.org/book].
== Contributing
We encourage you to contribute to Ruby on \Rails! Please check out the
{Contributing to Ruby on \Rails guide}[https://guides.rubyonrails.org/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.html] for guidelines about how to proceed. {Join us!}[http://contributors.rubyonrails.org]
Trying to report a possible security vulnerability in \Rails? Please
check out our {security policy}[https://rubyonrails.org/security/] for
guidelines about how to proceed.
Everyone interacting in \Rails and its sub-projects' codebases, issue trackers, chat rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the \Rails {code of conduct}[http://rubyonrails.org/conduct/].
== License
Ruby on \Rails is released under the {MIT License}[https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT].
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