1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
|
Ruby on Rails 4.1 Release Notes
===============================
Highlights in Rails 4.1:
* Spring application preloader
* `config/secrets.yml`
* Action Pack variants
* Action Mailer previews
These release notes cover only the major changes. To know about various bug
fixes and changes, please refer to the change logs or check out the
[list of commits](https://github.com/rails/rails/commits/master) in the main
Rails repository on GitHub.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Upgrading to Rails 4.1
----------------------
If you're upgrading an existing application, it's a great idea to have good test
coverage before going in. You should also first upgrade to Rails 4.0 in case you
haven't and make sure your application still runs as expected before attempting
an update to Rails 4.1. A list of things to watch out for when upgrading is
available in the
[Upgrading Ruby on Rails](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#upgrading-from-rails-4-0-to-rails-4-1)
guide.
Major Features
--------------
### Spring Application Preloader
Spring is a Rails application preloader. It speeds up development by keeping
your application running in the background so you don't need to boot it every
time you run a test, rake task or migration.
New Rails 4.1 applications will ship with "springified" binstubs. This means
that `bin/rails` and `bin/rake` will automatically take advantage of preloaded
spring environments.
**Running rake tasks:**
```
bin/rake test:models
```
**Running a Rails command:**
```
bin/rails console
```
**Spring introspection:**
```
$ bin/spring status
Spring is running:
1182 spring server | my_app | started 29 mins ago
3656 spring app | my_app | started 23 secs ago | test mode
3746 spring app | my_app | started 10 secs ago | development mode
```
Have a look at the
[Spring README](https://github.com/rails/spring/blob/master/README.md) to
see all available features.
See the [Upgrading Ruby on Rails](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#spring)
guide on how to migrate existing applications to use this feature.
### `config/secrets.yml`
Rails 4.1 generates a new `secrets.yml` file in the `config` folder. By default,
this file contains the application's `secret_key_base`, but it could also be
used to store other secrets such as access keys for external APIs.
The secrets added to this file are accessible via `Rails.application.secrets`.
For example, with the following `config/secrets.yml`:
```yaml
development:
secret_key_base: 3b7cd727ee24e8444053437c36cc66c3
some_api_key: SOMEKEY
```
`Rails.application.secrets.some_api_key` returns `SOMEKEY` in the development
environment.
See the [Upgrading Ruby on Rails](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#config-secrets-yml)
guide on how to migrate existing applications to use this feature.
### Action Pack Variants
We often want to render different HTML/JSON/XML templates for phones,
tablets, and desktop browsers. Variants make it easy.
The request variant is a specialization of the request format, like `:tablet`,
`:phone`, or `:desktop`.
You can set the variant in a `before_action`:
```ruby
request.variant = :tablet if request.user_agent =~ /iPad/
```
Respond to variants in the action just like you respond to formats:
```ruby
respond_to do |format|
format.html do |html|
html.tablet # renders app/views/projects/show.html+tablet.erb
html.phone { extra_setup; render ... }
end
end
```
Provide separate templates for each format and variant:
```
app/views/projects/show.html.erb
app/views/projects/show.html+tablet.erb
app/views/projects/show.html+phone.erb
```
You can also simplify the variants definition using the inline syntax:
```ruby
respond_to do |format|
format.js { render "trash" }
format.html.phone { redirect_to progress_path }
format.html.none { render "trash" }
end
```
### Action Mailer Previews
Action Mailer previews provide a way to visually see how emails look by visiting
a special URL that renders them.
You implement a preview class whose methods return the mail object you'd like
to check:
```ruby
class NotifierPreview < ActionMailer::Preview
def welcome
Notifier.welcome(User.first)
end
end
```
The preview is available in http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers/notifier/welcome,
and a list of them in http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers.
By default, these preview classes live in `test/mailers/previews`.
This can be configured using the `preview_path` option.
See its
[documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/ActionMailer/Base.html)
for a detailed write up.
### Active Record enums
Declare an enum attribute where the values map to integers in the database, but
can be queried by name.
```ruby
class Conversation < ActiveRecord::Base
enum status: [ :active, :archived ]
end
conversation.archived!
conversation.active? # => false
conversation.status # => "archived"
Conversation.archived # => Relation for all archived Conversations
```
See its
[documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/ActiveRecord/Enum.html)
for a detailed write up.
### Message Verifiers
Message verifiers can be used to generate and verify signed messages. This can
be useful to safely transport sensitive data like remember-me tokens and
friends.
The method `Rails.application.message_verifier` returns a new message verifier
that signs messages with a key derived from secret_key_base and the given
message verifier name:
```ruby
signed_token = Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).generate(token)
Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).verify(signed_token) # => token
Rails.application.message_verifier(:remember_me).verify(tampered_token)
# raises ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
```
### Module#concerning
A natural, low-ceremony way to separate responsibilities within a class:
```ruby
class Todo < ActiveRecord::Base
concerning :EventTracking do
included do
has_many :events
end
def latest_event
...
end
private
def some_internal_method
...
end
end
end
```
This example is equivalent to defining a `EventTracking` module inline,
extending it with `ActiveSupport::Concern`, then mixing it in to the
`Todo` class.
See its
[documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/v4.1.0/classes/Module/Concerning.html)
for a detailed write up and the intended use cases.
### CSRF protection from remote `<script>` tags
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection now covers GET requests with
JavaScript responses, too. That prevents a third-party site from referencing
your JavaScript URL and attempting to run it to extract sensitive data.
This means any of your tests that hit `.js` URLs will now fail CSRF protection
unless they use `xhr`. Upgrade your tests to be explicit about expecting
XmlHttpRequests. Instead of `post :create, format: :js`, switch to the explicit
`xhr :post, :create, format: :js`.
Railties
--------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/railties/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Removals
* Removed `update:application_controller` rake task.
* Removed deprecated `Rails.application.railties.engines`.
* Removed deprecated `threadsafe!` from Rails Config.
* Removed deprecated `ActiveRecord::Generators::ActiveModel#update_attributes` in
favor of `ActiveRecord::Generators::ActiveModel#update`.
* Removed deprecated `config.whiny_nils` option.
* Removed deprecated rake tasks for running tests: `rake test:uncommitted` and
`rake test:recent`.
### Notable changes
* The [Spring application
preloader](https://github.com/rails/spring) is now installed
by default for new applications. It uses the development group of
the Gemfile, so will not be installed in
production. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12958))
* `BACKTRACE` environment variable to show unfiltered backtraces for test
failures. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/84eac5dab8b0fe9ee20b51250e52ad7bfea36553))
* Exposed `MiddlewareStack#unshift` to environment
configuration. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12479))
* Add `Application#message_verifier` method to return a message
verifier. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12995))
* The `test_help.rb` file which is required by the default generated test
helper will automatically keep your test database up-to-date with
`db/schema.rb` (or `db/structure.sql`). It raises an error if
reloading the schema does not resolve all pending migrations. Opt out
with `config.active_record.maintain_test_schema = false`. ([Pull
Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13528))
Action Pack
-----------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Removals
* Removed deprecated Rails application fallback for integration testing, set
`ActionDispatch.test_app` instead.
* Removed deprecated `page_cache_extension` config.
* Removed deprecated `ActionController::RecordIdentifier`, use
`ActionView::RecordIdentifier` instead.
* Removed deprecated constants from Action Controller:
| Removed | Successor |
|:-----------------------------------|:--------------------------------|
| ActionController::AbstractRequest | ActionDispatch::Request |
| ActionController::Request | ActionDispatch::Request |
| ActionController::AbstractResponse | ActionDispatch::Response |
| ActionController::Response | ActionDispatch::Response |
| ActionController::Routing | ActionDispatch::Routing |
| ActionController::Integration | ActionDispatch::Integration |
| ActionController::IntegrationTest | ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest |
### Notable changes
* `protect_from_forgery` also prevents cross-origin `<script>` tags.
Update your tests to use `xhr :get, :foo, format: :js` instead of
`get :foo, format: :js`.
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13345))
* `#url_for` takes a hash with options inside an
array. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9599))
* Added `session#fetch` method fetch behaves similarly to
[Hash#fetch](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-1.9.3/Hash.html#method-i-fetch),
with the exception that the returned value is always saved into the
session. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12692))
* Separated Action View completely from Action
Pack. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11032))
Action Mailer
-------------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/actionmailer/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Notable changes
* Instrument the generation of Action Mailer messages. The time it takes to
generate a message is written to the log. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12556))
Active Record
-------------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Removals
* Removed deprecated nil-passing to the following `SchemaCache` methods:
`primary_keys`, `tables`, `columns` and `columns_hash`.
* Removed deprecated block filter from `ActiveRecord::Migrator#migrate`.
* Removed deprecated String constructor from `ActiveRecord::Migrator`.
* Removed deprecated `scope` use without passing a callable object.
* Removed deprecated `transaction_joinable=` in favor of `begin_transaction`
with `d:joinable` option.
* Removed deprecated `decrement_open_transactions`.
* Removed deprecated `increment_open_transactions`.
* Removed deprecated `PostgreSQLAdapter#outside_transaction?`
method. You can use `#transaction_open?` instead.
* Removed deprecated `ActiveRecord::Fixtures.find_table_name` in favor of
`ActiveRecord::Fixtures.default_fixture_model_name`.
* Removed deprecated `columns_for_remove` from `SchemaStatements`.
* Removed deprecated `SchemaStatements#distinct`.
* Moved deprecated `ActiveRecord::TestCase` into the Rails test
suite. The class is no longer public and is only used for internal
Rails tests.
* Removed support for deprecated option `:restrict` for `:dependent`
in associations.
* Removed support for deprecated `:delete_sql`, `:insert_sql`, `:finder_sql`
and `:counter_sql` options in associations.
* Removed deprecated method `type_cast_code` from Column.
* Removed deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#connection` method.
Make sure to access it via the class.
* Removed deprecation warning for `auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds`.
* Removed deprecated `:distinct` option from `Relation#count`.
* Removed deprecated methods `partial_updates`, `partial_updates?` and
`partial_updates=`.
* Removed deprecated method `scoped`.
* Removed deprecated method `default_scopes?`.
* Remove implicit join references that were deprecated in 4.0.
* Removed `activerecord-deprecated_finders` as a dependency.
Please see [the gem README](https://github.com/rails/activerecord-deprecated_finders#active-record-deprecated-finders)
for more info.
* Removed usage of `implicit_readonly`. Please use `readonly` method
explicitly to mark records as
`readonly`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10769))
### Deprecations
* Deprecated `quoted_locking_column` method, which isn't used anywhere.
* Deprecated `ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#distinct`,
as it is no longer used by internals. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10556))
* Deprecated `rake db:test:*` tasks as the test database is now
automatically maintained. See railties release notes. ([Pull
Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13528))
* Deprecate unused `ActiveRecord::Base.symbolized_base_class`
and `ActiveRecord::Base.symbolized_sti_name` without
replacement. [Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/97e7ca48c139ea5cce2fa9b4be631946252a1ebd)
### Notable changes
* Added `ActiveRecord::Base.to_param` for convenient "pretty" URLs derived from
a model's attribute or
method. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12891))
* Added `ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching`, which allows ignoring touch on
models. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12772))
* Unify boolean type casting for `MysqlAdapter` and `Mysql2Adapter`.
`type_cast` will return `1` for `true` and `0` for `false`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12425))
* `.unscope` now removes conditions specified in
`default_scope`. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/94924dc32baf78f13e289172534c2e71c9c8cade))
* Added `ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#rewhere` which will overwrite an existing,
named where condition. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f950b2699f97749ef706c6939a84dfc85f0b05f2))
* Extended `ActiveRecord::Base#cache_key` to take an optional list of timestamp
attributes of which the highest will be used. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e94e97ca796c0759d8fcb8f946a3bbc60252d329))
* Added `ActiveRecord::Base#enum` for declaring enum attributes where the values
map to integers in the database, but can be queried by
name. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/db41eb8a6ea88b854bf5cd11070ea4245e1639c5))
* Type cast json values on write, so that the value is consistent with reading
from the database. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12643))
* Type cast hstore values on write, so that the value is consistent
with reading from the database. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5ac2341fab689344991b2a4817bd2bc8b3edac9d))
* Make `next_migration_number` accessible for third party
generators. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12407))
* Calling `update_attributes` will now throw an `ArgumentError` whenever it
gets a `nil` argument. More specifically, it will throw an error if the
argument that it gets passed does not respond to to
`stringify_keys`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/9860))
* `CollectionAssociation#first`/`#last` (e.g. `has_many`) use a `LIMIT`ed
query to fetch results rather than loading the entire
collection. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12137))
* `inspect` on Active Record model classes does not initiate a new
connection. This means that calling `inspect`, when the database is missing,
will no longer raise an exception. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/11014))
* Removed column restrictions for `count`, let the database raise if the SQL is
invalid. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10710))
* Rails now automatically detects inverse associations. If you do not set the
`:inverse_of` option on the association, then Active Record will guess the
inverse association based on heuristics. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10886))
* Handle aliased attributes in ActiveRecord::Relation. When using symbol keys,
ActiveRecord will now translate aliased attribute names to the actual column
name used in the database. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/7839))
* The ERB in fixture files is no longer evaluated in the context of the main
object. Helper methods used by multiple fixtures should be defined on modules
included in `ActiveRecord::FixtureSet.context_class`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13022))
* Don't create or drop the test database if RAILS_ENV is specified explicitly.
* `Relation` no longer has mutator methods like `#map!` and `#delete_if`. Convert
to an `Array` by calling `#to_a` before using these methods. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13314))
Active Model
------------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activemodel/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Deprecations
* Deprecate `Validator#setup`. This should be done manually now in the
validator's constructor. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/7d84c3a2f7ede0e8d04540e9c0640de7378e9b3a))
### Notable changes
* Added new API methods `reset_changes` and `changes_applied` to
`ActiveModel::Dirty` that control changes state.
Active Support
--------------
Please refer to the
[Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md)
for detailed changes.
### Removals
* Removed `MultiJSON` dependency. As a result, `ActiveSupport::JSON.decode`
no longer accepts an options hash for `MultiJSON`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10576) / [More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
* Removed support for the `encode_json` hook used for encoding custom objects into
JSON. This feature has been extracted into the [activesupport-json_encoder](https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder)
gem.
([Related Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12183) /
[More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
* Removed deprecated `ActiveSupport::JSON::Variable` with no replacement.
* Removed deprecated `String#encoding_aware?` core extensions (`core_ext/string/encoding`).
* Removed deprecated `Module#local_constant_names` in favor of `Module#local_constants`.
* Removed deprecated `DateTime.local_offset` in favor of `DateTime.civil_from_format`.
* Removed deprecated `Logger` core extensions (`core_ext/logger.rb`).
* Removed deprecated `Time#time_with_datetime_fallback`, `Time#utc_time` and
`Time#local_time` in favor of `Time#utc` and `Time#local`.
* Removed deprecated `Hash#diff` with no replacement.
* Removed deprecated `Date#to_time_in_current_zone` in favor of `Date#in_time_zone`.
* Removed deprecated `Proc#bind` with no replacement.
* Removed deprecated `Array#uniq_by` and `Array#uniq_by!`, use native
`Array#uniq` and `Array#uniq!` instead.
* Removed deprecated `ActiveSupport::BasicObject`, use
`ActiveSupport::ProxyObject` instead.
* Removed deprecated `BufferedLogger`, use `ActiveSupport::Logger` instead.
* Removed deprecated `assert_present` and `assert_blank` methods, use `assert
object.blank?` and `assert object.present?` instead.
* Remove deprecated `#filter` method for filter objects, use the corresponding
method instead (e.g. `#before` for a before filter).
### Deprecations
* Deprecated `Numeric#{ago,until,since,from_now}`, the user is expected to
explicitly convert the value into an AS::Duration, i.e. `5.ago` => `5.seconds.ago`
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12389))
* Deprecated the require path `active_support/core_ext/object/to_json`. Require
`active_support/core_ext/object/json` instead. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12203))
* Deprecated `ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding::CircularReferenceError`. This feature
has been extracted into the [activesupport-json_encoder](https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder)
gem.
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12785) /
[More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
* Deprecated `ActiveSupport.encode_big_decimal_as_string` option. This feature has
been extracted into the [activesupport-json_encoder](https://github.com/rails/activesupport-json_encoder)
gem.
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/13060) /
[More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
### Notable changes
* `ActiveSupport`'s JSON encoder has been rewritten to take advantage of the
JSON gem rather than doing custom encoding in pure-Ruby.
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12183) /
[More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
* Improved compatibility with the JSON gem.
([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12862) /
[More Details](upgrading_ruby_on_rails.html#changes-in-json-handling))
* Added `ActiveSupport::Testing::TimeHelpers#travel` and `#travel_to`. These
methods change current time to the given time or time difference by stubbing
`Time.now` and
`Date.today`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/12824))
* Added `Numeric#in_milliseconds`, like `1.hour.in_milliseconds`, so we can feed
them to JavaScript functions like
`getTime()`. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/423249504a2b468d7a273cbe6accf4f21cb0e643))
* Added `Date#middle_of_day`, `DateTime#middle_of_day` and `Time#middle_of_day`
methods. Also added `midday`, `noon`, `at_midday`, `at_noon` and
`at_middle_of_day` as
aliases. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/10879))
* Added `String#remove(pattern)` as a short-hand for the common pattern of
`String#gsub(pattern,'')`. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/5da23a3f921f0a4a3139495d2779ab0d3bd4cb5f))
* Removed 'cow' => 'kine' irregular inflection from default
inflections. ([Commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/c300dca9963bda78b8f358dbcb59cabcdc5e1dc9))
Credits
-------
See the
[full list of contributors to Rails](http://contributors.rubyonrails.org/) for
the many people who spent many hours making Rails, the stable and robust
framework it is. Kudos to all of them.
|