path: root/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb

require 'active_support/concern'
require 'active_support/descendants_tracker'
require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters'
require 'active_support/deprecation'
require 'thread'

module ActiveSupport
  # Callbacks are code hooks that are run at key points in an object's life cycle.
  # The typical use case is to have a base class define a set of callbacks
  # relevant to the other functionality it supplies, so that subclasses can
  # install callbacks that enhance or modify the base functionality without
  # needing to override or redefine methods of the base class.
  #
  # Mixing in this module allows you to define the events in the object's
  # life cycle that will support callbacks (via +ClassMethods.define_callbacks+),
  # set the instance methods, procs, or callback objects to be called (via
  # +ClassMethods.set_callback+), and run the installed callbacks at the
  # appropriate times (via +run_callbacks+).
  #
  # Three kinds of callbacks are supported: before callbacks, run before a
  # certain event; after callbacks, run after the event; and around callbacks,
  # blocks that surround the event, triggering it when they yield. Callback code
  # can be contained in instance methods, procs or lambdas, or callback objects
  # that respond to certain predetermined methods. See +ClassMethods.set_callback+
  # for details.
  #
  #   class Record
  #     include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
  #     define_callbacks :save
  #
  #     def save
  #       run_callbacks :save do
  #         puts "- save"
  #       end
  #     end
  #   end
  #
  #   class PersonRecord < Record
  #     set_callback :save, :before, :saving_message
  #     def saving_message
  #       puts "saving..."
  #     end
  #
  #     set_callback :save, :after do |object|
  #       puts "saved"
  #     end
  #   end
  #
  #   person = PersonRecord.new
  #   person.save
  #
  # Output:
  #   saving...
  #   - save
  #   saved
  module Callbacks
    extend Concern

    included do
      extend ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker
    end

    CALLBACK_FILTER_TYPES = [:before, :after, :around]

    # If true, Active Record and Active Model callbacks returning +false+ will
    # halt the entire callback chain and display a deprecation message.
    # If false, callback chains will only be halted by calling +throw :abort+.
    # Defaults to +true+.
    mattr_accessor(:halt_and_display_warning_on_return_false, instance_writer: false) { true }

    # Runs the callbacks for the given event.
    #
    # Calls the before and around callbacks in the order they were set, yields
    # the block (if given one), and then runs the after callbacks in reverse
    # order.
    #
    # If the callback chain was halted, returns +false+. Otherwise returns the
    # result of the block, +nil+ if no callbacks have been set, or +true+
    # if callbacks have been set but no block is given.
    #
    #   run_callbacks :save do
    #     save
    #   end
    def run_callbacks(kind, &block)
      send "_run_#{kind}_callbacks", &block
    end

    private

    def __run_callbacks__(callbacks, &block)
      if callbacks.empty?
        yield if block_given?
      else
        runner = callbacks.compile
        e = Filters::Environment.new(self, false, nil, block)
        runner.call(e).value
      end
    end

    # A hook invoked every time a before callback is halted.
    # This can be overridden in ActiveSupport::Callbacks implementors in order
    # to provide better debugging/logging.
    def halted_callback_hook(filter)
    end

    module Conditionals # :nodoc:
      class Value
        def initialize(&block)
          @block = block
        end
        def call(target, value); @block.call(value); end
      end
    end

    module Filters
      Environment = Struct.new(:target, :halted, :value, :run_block)

      class End
        def call(env)
          block = env.run_block
          env.value = !env.halted && (!block || block.call)
          env
        end
      end
      ENDING = End.new

      class Before
        def self.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config, filter)
          halted_lambda = chain_config[:terminator]

          if user_conditions.any?
            halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, halted_lambda, filter)
          else
            halting(callback_sequence, user_callback, halted_lambda, filter)
          end
        end

        def self.halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, halted_lambda, filter)
          callback_sequence.before do |env|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value
            halted = env.halted

            if !halted && user_conditions.all? { |c| c.call(target, value) }
              result_lambda = -> { user_callback.call target, value }
              env.halted = halted_lambda.call(target, result_lambda)
              if env.halted
                target.send :halted_callback_hook, filter
              end
            end

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional

        def self.halting(callback_sequence, user_callback, halted_lambda, filter)
          callback_sequence.before do |env|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value
            halted = env.halted

            unless halted
              result_lambda = -> { user_callback.call target, value }
              env.halted = halted_lambda.call(target, result_lambda)

              if env.halted
                target.send :halted_callback_hook, filter
              end
            end

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting
      end

      class After
        def self.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
          if chain_config[:skip_after_callbacks_if_terminated]
            if user_conditions.any?
              halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions)
            else
              halting(callback_sequence, user_callback)
            end
          else
            if user_conditions.any?
              conditional callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions
            else
              simple callback_sequence, user_callback
            end
          end
        end

        def self.halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions)
          callback_sequence.after do |env|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value
            halted = env.halted

            if !halted && user_conditions.all? { |c| c.call(target, value) }
              user_callback.call target, value
            end

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional

        def self.halting(callback_sequence, user_callback)
          callback_sequence.after do |env|
            unless env.halted
              user_callback.call env.target, env.value
            end

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting

        def self.conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions)
          callback_sequence.after do |env|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value

            if user_conditions.all? { |c| c.call(target, value) }
              user_callback.call target, value
            end

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :conditional

        def self.simple(callback_sequence, user_callback)
          callback_sequence.after do |env|
            user_callback.call env.target, env.value

            env
          end
        end
        private_class_method :simple
      end

      class Around
        def self.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
          if user_conditions.any?
            halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions)
          else
            halting(callback_sequence, user_callback)
          end
        end

        def self.halting_and_conditional(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions)
          callback_sequence.around do |env, &run|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value
            halted = env.halted

            if !halted && user_conditions.all? { |c| c.call(target, value) }
              user_callback.call(target, value) {
                run.call.value
              }
              env
            else
              run.call
            end
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional

        def self.halting(callback_sequence, user_callback)
          callback_sequence.around do |env, &run|
            target = env.target
            value  = env.value

            if env.halted
              run.call
            else
              user_callback.call(target, value) {
                run.call.value
              }
              env
            end
          end
        end
        private_class_method :halting
      end
    end

    class Callback #:nodoc:#
      def self.build(chain, filter, kind, options)
        if filter.is_a?(String)
          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
            Passing string to define callback is deprecated and will be removed
            in Rails 5.1 without replacement.
          MSG
        end

        new chain.name, filter, kind, options, chain.config
      end

      attr_accessor :kind, :name
      attr_reader :chain_config

      def initialize(name, filter, kind, options, chain_config)
        @chain_config  = chain_config
        @name    = name
        @kind    = kind
        @filter  = filter
        @key     = compute_identifier filter
        @if      = Array(options[:if])
        @unless  = Array(options[:unless])
      end

      def filter; @key; end
      def raw_filter; @filter; end

      def merge_conditional_options(chain, if_option:, unless_option:)
        options = {
          :if     => @if.dup,
          :unless => @unless.dup
        }

        options[:if].concat     Array(unless_option)
        options[:unless].concat Array(if_option)

        self.class.build chain, @filter, @kind, options
      end

      def matches?(_kind, _filter)
        @kind == _kind && filter == _filter
      end

      def duplicates?(other)
        case @filter
        when Symbol, String
          matches?(other.kind, other.filter)
        else
          false
        end
      end

      # Wraps code with filter
      def apply(callback_sequence)
        user_conditions = conditions_lambdas
        user_callback = make_lambda @filter

        case kind
        when :before
          Filters::Before.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config, @filter)
        when :after
          Filters::After.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
        when :around
          Filters::Around.build(callback_sequence, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
        end
      end

      private

      def invert_lambda(l)
        lambda { |*args, &blk| !l.call(*args, &blk) }
      end

      # Filters support:
      #
      #   Symbols:: A method to call.
      #   Strings:: Some content to evaluate.
      #   Procs::   A proc to call with the object.
      #   Objects:: An object with a <tt>before_foo</tt> method on it to call.
      #
      # All of these objects are converted into a lambda and handled
      # the same after this point.
      def make_lambda(filter)
        case filter
        when Symbol
          lambda { |target, _, &blk| target.send filter, &blk }
        when String
          l = eval "lambda { |value| #{filter} }"
          lambda { |target, value| target.instance_exec(value, &l) }
        when Conditionals::Value then filter
        when ::Proc
          if filter.arity > 1
            return lambda { |target, _, &block|
              raise ArgumentError unless block
              target.instance_exec(target, block, &filter)
            }
          end

          if filter.arity <= 0
            lambda { |target, _| target.instance_exec(&filter) }
          else
            lambda { |target, _| target.instance_exec(target, &filter) }
          end
        else
          scopes = Array(chain_config[:scope])
          method_to_call = scopes.map{ |s| public_send(s) }.join("_")

          lambda { |target, _, &blk|
            filter.public_send method_to_call, target, &blk
          }
        end
      end

      def compute_identifier(filter)
        case filter
        when String, ::Proc
          filter.object_id
        else
          filter
        end
      end

      def conditions_lambdas
        @if.map { |c| make_lambda c } +
          @unless.map { |c| invert_lambda make_lambda c }
      end
    end

    # Execute before and after filters in a sequence instead of
    # chaining them with nested lambda calls, see:
    # https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18011
    class CallbackSequence
      def initialize(&call)
        @call = call
        @before = []
        @after = []
      end

      def before(&before)
        @before.unshift(before)
        self
      end

      def after(&after)
        @after.push(after)
        self
      end

      def around(&around)
        CallbackSequence.new do |arg|
          around.call(arg) {
            self.call(arg)
          }
        end
      end

      def call(arg)
        @before.each { |b| b.call(arg) }
        value = @call.call(arg)
        @after.each { |a| a.call(arg) }
        value
      end
    end

    # An Array with a compile method.
    class CallbackChain #:nodoc:#
      include Enumerable

      attr_reader :name, :config

      def initialize(name, config)
        @name = name
        @config = {
          scope: [:kind],
          terminator: default_terminator
        }.merge!(config)
        @chain = []
        @callbacks = nil
        @mutex = Mutex.new
      end

      def each(&block); @chain.each(&block); end
      def index(o);     @chain.index(o); end
      def empty?;       @chain.empty?; end

      def insert(index, o)
        @callbacks = nil
        @chain.insert(index, o)
      end

      def delete(o)
        @callbacks = nil
        @chain.delete(o)
      end

      def clear
        @callbacks = nil
        @chain.clear
        self
      end

      def initialize_copy(other)
        @callbacks = nil
        @chain     = other.chain.dup
        @mutex     = Mutex.new
      end

      def compile
        @callbacks || @mutex.synchronize do
          final_sequence = CallbackSequence.new { |env| Filters::ENDING.call(env) }
          @callbacks ||= @chain.reverse.inject(final_sequence) do |callback_sequence, callback|
            callback.apply callback_sequence
          end
        end
      end

      def append(*callbacks)
        callbacks.each { |c| append_one(c) }
      end

      def prepend(*callbacks)
        callbacks.each { |c| prepend_one(c) }
      end

      protected
      def chain; @chain; end

      private

      def append_one(callback)
        @callbacks = nil
        remove_duplicates(callback)
        @chain.push(callback)
      end

      def prepend_one(callback)
        @callbacks = nil
        remove_duplicates(callback)
        @chain.unshift(callback)
      end

      def remove_duplicates(callback)
        @callbacks = nil
        @chain.delete_if { |c| callback.duplicates?(c) }
      end

      def default_terminator
        Proc.new do |target, result_lambda|
          terminate = true
          catch(:abort) do
            result_lambda.call if result_lambda.is_a?(Proc)
            terminate = false
          end
          terminate
        end
      end
    end

    module ClassMethods
      def normalize_callback_params(filters, block) # :nodoc:
        type = CALLBACK_FILTER_TYPES.include?(filters.first) ? filters.shift : :before
        options = filters.extract_options!
        filters.unshift(block) if block
        [type, filters, options.dup]
      end

      # This is used internally to append, prepend and skip callbacks to the
      # CallbackChain.
      def __update_callbacks(name) #:nodoc:
        ([self] + ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker.descendants(self)).reverse_each do |target|
          chain = target.get_callbacks name
          yield target, chain.dup
        end
      end

      # Install a callback for the given event.
      #
      #   set_callback :save, :before, :before_method
      #   set_callback :save, :after,  :after_method, if: :condition
      #   set_callback :save, :around, ->(r, block) { stuff; result = block.call; stuff }
      #
      # The second argument indicates whether the callback is to be run +:before+,
      # +:after+, or +:around+ the event. If omitted, +:before+ is assumed. This
      # means the first example above can also be written as:
      #
      #   set_callback :save, :before_method
      #
      # The callback can be specified as a symbol naming an instance method; as a
      # proc, lambda, or block; as a string to be instance evaluated(deprecated); or as an
      # object that responds to a certain method determined by the <tt>:scope</tt>
      # argument to +define_callbacks+.
      #
      # If a proc, lambda, or block is given, its body is evaluated in the context
      # of the current object. It can also optionally accept the current object as
      # an argument.
      #
      # Before and around callbacks are called in the order that they are set;
      # after callbacks are called in the reverse order.
      #
      # Around callbacks can access the return value from the event, if it
      # wasn't halted, from the +yield+ call.
      #
      # ===== Options
      #
      # * <tt>:if</tt> - A symbol, a string or an array of symbols and strings,
      #   each naming an instance method or a proc; the callback will be called
      #   only when they all return a true value.
      # * <tt>:unless</tt> - A symbol, a string or an array of symbols and
      #   strings, each naming an instance method or a proc; the callback will
      #   be called only when they all return a false value.
      # * <tt>:prepend</tt> - If +true+, the callback will be prepended to the
      #   existing chain rather than appended.
      def set_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)
        type, filters, options = normalize_callback_params(filter_list, block)
        self_chain = get_callbacks name
        mapped = filters.map do |filter|
          Callback.build(self_chain, filter, type, options)
        end

        __update_callbacks(name) do |target, chain|
          options[:prepend] ? chain.prepend(*mapped) : chain.append(*mapped)
          target.set_callbacks name, chain
        end
      end

      # Skip a previously set callback. Like +set_callback+, <tt>:if</tt> or
      # <tt>:unless</tt> options may be passed in order to control when the
      # callback is skipped.
      #
      #   class Writer < Person
      #      skip_callback :validate, :before, :check_membership, if: -> { self.age > 18 }
      #   end
      #
      # An <tt>ArgumentError</tt> will be raised if the callback has not
      # already been set (unless the <tt>:raise</tt> option is set to <tt>false</tt>).
      def skip_callback(name, *filter_list, &block)
        type, filters, options = normalize_callback_params(filter_list, block)
        options[:raise] = true unless options.key?(:raise)

        __update_callbacks(name) do |target, chain|
          filters.each do |filter|
            callback = chain.find {|c| c.matches?(type, filter) }

            if !callback && options[:raise]
              raise ArgumentError, "#{type.to_s.capitalize} #{name} callback #{filter.inspect} has not been defined"
            end

            if callback && (options.key?(:if) || options.key?(:unless))
              new_callback = callback.merge_conditional_options(chain, if_option: options[:if], unless_option: options[:unless])
              chain.insert(chain.index(callback), new_callback)
            end

            chain.delete(callback)
          end
          target.set_callbacks name, chain
        end
      end

      # Remove all set callbacks for the given event.
      def reset_callbacks(name)
        callbacks = get_callbacks name

        ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker.descendants(self).each do |target|
          chain = target.get_callbacks(name).dup
          callbacks.each { |c| chain.delete(c) }
          target.set_callbacks name, chain
        end

        self.set_callbacks name, callbacks.dup.clear
      end

      # Define sets of events in the object life cycle that support callbacks.
      #
      #   define_callbacks :validate
      #   define_callbacks :initialize, :save, :destroy
      #
      # ===== Options
      #
      # * <tt>:terminator</tt> - Determines when a before filter will halt the
      #   callback chain, preventing following before and around callbacks from
      #   being called and the event from being triggered.
      #   This should be a lambda to be executed.
      #   The current object and the result lambda of the callback will be provided
      #   to the terminator lambda.
      #
      #     define_callbacks :validate, terminator: ->(target, result_lambda) { result_lambda.call == false }
      #
      #   In this example, if any before validate callbacks returns +false+,
      #   any successive before and around callback is not executed.
      #
      #   The default terminator halts the chain when a callback throws +:abort+.
      #
      # * <tt>:skip_after_callbacks_if_terminated</tt> - Determines if after
      #   callbacks should be terminated by the <tt>:terminator</tt> option. By
      #   default after callbacks are executed no matter if callback chain was
      #   terminated or not. This option makes sense only when <tt>:terminator</tt>
      #   option is specified.
      #
      # * <tt>:scope</tt> - Indicates which methods should be executed when an
      #   object is used as a callback.
      #
      #     class Audit
      #       def before(caller)
      #         puts 'Audit: before is called'
      #       end
      #
      #       def before_save(caller)
      #         puts 'Audit: before_save is called'
      #       end
      #     end
      #
      #     class Account
      #       include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
      #
      #       define_callbacks :save
      #       set_callback :save, :before, Audit.new
      #
      #       def save
      #         run_callbacks :save do
      #           puts 'save in main'
      #         end
      #       end
      #     end
      #
      #   In the above case whenever you save an account the method
      #   <tt>Audit#before</tt> will be called. On the other hand
      #
      #     define_callbacks :save, scope: [:kind, :name]
      #
      #   would trigger <tt>Audit#before_save</tt> instead. That's constructed
      #   by calling <tt>#{kind}_#{name}</tt> on the given instance. In this
      #   case "kind" is "before" and "name" is "save". In this context +:kind+
      #   and +:name+ have special meanings: +:kind+ refers to the kind of
      #   callback (before/after/around) and +:name+ refers to the method on
      #   which callbacks are being defined.
      #
      #   A declaration like
      #
      #     define_callbacks :save, scope: [:name]
      #
      #   would call <tt>Audit#save</tt>.
      #
      # ===== Notes
      #
      # +names+ passed to `define_callbacks` must not end with
      # `!`, `?` or `=`.
      #
      # Calling `define_callbacks` multiple times with the same +names+ will
      # overwrite previous callbacks registered with `set_callback`.
      def define_callbacks(*names)
        options = names.extract_options!

        names.each do |name|
          class_attribute "_#{name}_callbacks", instance_writer: false
          set_callbacks name, CallbackChain.new(name, options)

          module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
            def _run_#{name}_callbacks(&block)
              __run_callbacks__(_#{name}_callbacks, &block)
            end
          RUBY
        end
      end

      protected

      def get_callbacks(name) # :nodoc:
        send "_#{name}_callbacks"
      end

      def set_callbacks(name, callbacks) # :nodoc:
        send "_#{name}_callbacks=", callbacks
      end

      def deprecated_false_terminator # :nodoc:
        Proc.new do |target, result_lambda|
          terminate = true
          catch(:abort) do
            result = result_lambda.call if result_lambda.is_a?(Proc)
            if Callbacks.halt_and_display_warning_on_return_false && result == false
              display_deprecation_warning_for_false_terminator
            else
              terminate = false
            end
          end
          terminate
        end
      end

      private

      def display_deprecation_warning_for_false_terminator
        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish)
          Returning `false` in Active Record and Active Model callbacks will not implicitly halt a callback chain in Rails 5.1.
          To explicitly halt the callback chain, please use `throw :abort` instead.
        MSG
      end
    end
  end
end