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# frozen_string_literal: true
begin
gem "redis", ">= 4.0.1"
require "redis"
require "redis/distributed"
rescue LoadError
warn "The Redis cache store requires the redis gem, version 4.0.1 or later. Please add it to your Gemfile: `gem \"redis\", \"~> 4.0\"`"
raise
end
# Prefer the hiredis driver but don't require it.
begin
require "redis/connection/hiredis"
rescue LoadError
end
require "digest/sha2"
require "active_support/core_ext/marshal"
module ActiveSupport
module Cache
# Redis cache store.
#
# Deployment note: Take care to use a *dedicated Redis cache* rather
# than pointing this at your existing Redis server. It won't cope well
# with mixed usage patterns and it won't expire cache entries by default.
#
# Redis cache server setup guide: https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache
#
# * Supports vanilla Redis, hiredis, and Redis::Distributed.
# * Supports Memcached-like sharding across Redises with Redis::Distributed.
# * Fault tolerant. If the Redis server is unavailable, no exceptions are
# raised. Cache fetches are all misses and writes are dropped.
# * Local cache. Hot in-memory primary cache within block/middleware scope.
# * `read_/write_multi` support for Redis mget/mset. Use Redis::Distributed
# 4.0.1+ for distributed mget support.
# * `delete_matched` support for Redis KEYS globs.
class RedisCacheStore < Store
# Keys are truncated with their own SHA2 digest if they exceed 1kB
MAX_KEY_BYTESIZE = 1024
DEFAULT_REDIS_OPTIONS = {
connect_timeout: 20,
read_timeout: 1,
write_timeout: 1,
reconnect_attempts: 0,
}
DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER = -> (method:, returning:, exception:) {
logger.error { "RedisCacheStore: #{method} failed, returned #{returning.inspect}: #{e.class}: #{e.message}" } if logger
}
DELETE_GLOB_LUA = "for i, name in ipairs(redis.call('KEYS', ARGV[1])) do redis.call('DEL', name); end"
private_constant :DELETE_GLOB_LUA
# Support raw values in the local cache strategy.
module LocalCacheWithRaw # :nodoc:
private
def read_entry(key, options)
entry = super
if options[:raw] && local_cache && entry
entry = deserialize_entry(entry.value)
end
entry
end
def write_entry(key, entry, options)
if options[:raw] && local_cache
raw_entry = Entry.new(entry.value.to_s)
raw_entry.expires_at = entry.expires_at
super(key, raw_entry, options)
else
super
end
end
def write_multi_entries(entries, options)
if options[:raw] && local_cache
raw_entries = entries.map do |key, entry|
raw_entry = Entry.new(entry.value.to_s)
raw_entry.expires_at = entry.expires_at
end.to_h
super(raw_entries, options)
else
super
end
end
end
prepend Strategy::LocalCache
prepend LocalCacheWithRaw
class << self
# Factory method to create a new Redis instance.
#
# Handles four options: :redis block, :redis instance, single :url
# string, and multiple :url strings.
#
# Option Class Result
# :redis Proc -> options[:redis].call
# :redis Object -> options[:redis]
# :url String -> Redis.new(url: …)
# :url Array -> Redis::Distributed.new([{ url: … }, { url: … }, …])
#
def build_redis(redis: nil, url: nil, **redis_options) #:nodoc:
urls = Array(url)
if redis.respond_to?(:call)
redis.call
elsif redis
redis
elsif urls.size > 1
build_redis_distributed_client urls: urls, **redis_options
else
build_redis_client url: urls.first, **redis_options
end
end
private
def build_redis_distributed_client(urls:, **redis_options)
::Redis::Distributed.new([], DEFAULT_REDIS_OPTIONS.merge(redis_options)).tap do |dist|
urls.each { |u| dist.add_node url: u }
end
end
def build_redis_client(url:, **redis_options)
::Redis.new DEFAULT_REDIS_OPTIONS.merge(redis_options.merge(url: url))
end
end
attr_reader :redis_options
attr_reader :max_key_bytesize
# Creates a new Redis cache store.
#
# Handles three options: block provided to instantiate, single URL
# provided, and multiple URLs provided.
#
# :redis Proc -> options[:redis].call
# :url String -> Redis.new(url: …)
# :url Array -> Redis::Distributed.new([{ url: … }, { url: … }, …])
#
# No namespace is set by default. Provide one if the Redis cache
# server is shared with other apps: `namespace: 'myapp-cache'`.
#
# Compression is enabled by default with a 1kB threshold, so cached
# values larger than 1kB are automatically compressed. Disable by
# passing `cache: false` or change the threshold by passing
# `compress_threshold: 4.kilobytes`.
#
# No expiry is set on cache entries by default. Redis is expected to
# be configured with an eviction policy that automatically deletes
# least-recently or -frequently used keys when it reaches max memory.
# See https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache for cache server setup.
#
# Race condition TTL is not set by default. This can be used to avoid
# "thundering herd" cache writes when hot cache entries are expired.
# See <tt>ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#fetch</tt> for more.
def initialize(namespace: nil, compress: true, compress_threshold: 1.kilobyte, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, error_handler: DEFAULT_ERROR_HANDLER, **redis_options)
@redis_options = redis_options
@max_key_bytesize = MAX_KEY_BYTESIZE
@error_handler = error_handler
super namespace: namespace,
compress: compress, compress_threshold: compress_threshold,
expires_in: expires_in, race_condition_ttl: race_condition_ttl
end
def redis
@redis ||= self.class.build_redis(**redis_options)
end
def inspect
instance = @redis || @redis_options
"<##{self.class} options=#{options.inspect} redis=#{instance.inspect}>"
end
# Cache Store API implementation.
#
# Read multiple values at once. Returns a hash of requested keys ->
# fetched values.
def read_multi(*names)
if mget_capable?
read_multi_mget(*names)
else
super
end
end
# Cache Store API implementation.
#
# Supports Redis KEYS glob patterns:
#
# h?llo matches hello, hallo and hxllo
# h*llo matches hllo and heeeello
# h[ae]llo matches hello and hallo, but not hillo
# h[^e]llo matches hallo, hbllo, ... but not hello
# h[a-b]llo matches hallo and hbllo
#
# Use \ to escape special characters if you want to match them verbatim.
#
# See https://redis.io/commands/KEYS for more.
#
# Failsafe: Raises errors.
def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
instrument :delete_matched, matcher do
case matcher
when String
redis.eval DELETE_GLOB_LUA, [], [namespace_key(matcher, options)]
else
raise ArgumentError, "Only Redis glob strings are supported: #{matcher.inspect}"
end
end
end
# Cache Store API implementation.
#
# Increment a cached value. This method uses the Redis incr atomic
# operator and can only be used on values written with the :raw option.
# Calling it on a value not stored with :raw will initialize that value
# to zero.
#
# Failsafe: Raises errors.
def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
instrument :increment, name, amount: amount do
redis.incrby normalize_key(name, options), amount
end
end
# Cache Store API implementation.
#
# Decrement a cached value. This method uses the Redis decr atomic
# operator and can only be used on values written with the :raw option.
# Calling it on a value not stored with :raw will initialize that value
# to zero.
#
# Failsafe: Raises errors.
def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
instrument :decrement, name, amount: amount do
redis.decrby normalize_key(name, options), amount
end
end
# Cache Store API implementation.
#
# Removes expired entries. Handled natively by Redis least-recently-/
# least-frequently-used expiry, so manual cleanup is not supported.
def cleanup(options = nil)
super
end
# Clear the entire cache on all Redis servers. Safe to use on
# shared servers if the cache is namespaced.
#
# Failsafe: Raises errors.
def clear(options = nil)
failsafe :clear do
if namespace = merged_options(options)[namespace]
delete_matched "*", namespace: namespace
else
redis.flushdb
end
end
end
def mget_capable? #:nodoc:
set_redis_capabilities unless defined? @mget_capable
@mget_capable
end
def mset_capable? #:nodoc:
set_redis_capabilities unless defined? @mset_capable
@mset_capable
end
private
def set_redis_capabilities
case redis
when Redis::Distributed
@mget_capable = true
@mset_capable = false
else
@mget_capable = true
@mset_capable = true
end
end
# Store provider interface:
# Read an entry from the cache.
def read_entry(key, options = nil)
failsafe :read_entry do
deserialize_entry redis.get(key)
end
end
def read_multi_mget(*names)
options = names.extract_options!
options = merged_options(options)
keys_to_names = names.map { |name| [ normalize_key(name, options), name ] }.to_h
values = redis.mget(*keys_to_names.keys)
keys_to_names.zip(values).each_with_object({}) do |((key, name), value), results|
if value
entry = deserialize_entry(value)
unless entry.nil? || entry.expired? || entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(name, options))
results[name] = entry.value
end
end
end
end
# Write an entry to the cache.
#
# Requires Redis 2.6.12+ for extended SET options.
def write_entry(key, entry, unless_exist: false, raw: false, expires_in: nil, race_condition_ttl: nil, **options)
value = raw ? entry.value.to_s : serialize_entry(entry)
# If race condition TTL is in use, ensure that cache entries
# stick around a bit longer after they would have expired
# so we can purposefully serve stale entries.
if race_condition_ttl && expires_in && expires_in > 0 && !raw
expires_in += 5.minutes
end
failsafe :write_entry do
if unless_exist || expires_in
modifiers = {}
modifiers[:nx] = unless_exist
modifiers[:px] = (1000 * expires_in.to_f).ceil if expires_in
redis.set key, value, modifiers
else
redis.set key, value
end
end
end
# Delete an entry from the cache.
def delete_entry(key, options)
failsafe :delete_entry, returning: false do
redis.del key
end
end
# Nonstandard store provider API to write multiple values at once.
def write_multi_entries(entries, expires_in: nil, **options)
if entries.any?
if mset_capable? && expires_in.nil?
failsafe :write_multi_entries do
redis.mapped_mset(entries)
end
else
super
end
end
end
# Truncate keys that exceed 1kB.
def normalize_key(key, options)
truncate_key super
end
def truncate_key(key)
if key.bytesize > max_key_bytesize
suffix = ":sha2:#{Digest::SHA2.hexdigest(key)}"
truncate_at = max_key_bytesize - suffix.bytesize
"#{key.byteslice(0, truncate_at)}#{suffix}"
else
key
end
end
def deserialize_entry(raw_value)
if raw_value
entry = Marshal.load(raw_value) rescue raw_value
entry.is_a?(Entry) ? entry : Entry.new(entry)
end
end
def serialize_entry(entry)
Marshal.dump(entry)
end
def failsafe(method, returning: nil)
yield
rescue ::Redis::BaseConnectionError => e
handle_exception exception: e, method: method, returning: returning
returning
end
def handle_exception(exception:, method:, returning:)
if @error_handler
@error_handler.(method: method, exception: exception, returning: returning)
end
rescue => failsafe
warn "RedisCacheStore ignored exception in handle_exception: #{failsafe.class}: #{failsafe.message}\n #{failsafe.backtrace.join("\n ")}"
end
end
end
end
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