aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/activerecord/test/cases/finder_test.rb
blob: 21e84d850b2627b0e4b777aea0c0b91560ad9a7c (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
# frozen_string_literal: true

require "cases/helper"
require "models/post"
require "models/author"
require "models/categorization"
require "models/comment"
require "models/company"
require "models/tagging"
require "models/topic"
require "models/reply"
require "models/rating"
require "models/entrant"
require "models/project"
require "models/developer"
require "models/computer"
require "models/customer"
require "models/toy"
require "models/matey"
require "models/dog"
require "models/car"
require "models/tyre"
require "models/subscriber"

class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
  fixtures :companies, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :developers_projects, :posts, :comments, :accounts, :authors, :author_addresses, :customers, :categories, :categorizations, :cars

  def test_find_by_id_with_hash
    assert_nothing_raised do
      Post.find_by_id(limit: 1)
    end
  end

  def test_find_by_title_and_id_with_hash
    assert_nothing_raised do
      Post.find_by_title_and_id("foo", limit: 1)
    end
  end

  def test_find
    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, Topic.find(1).title)
  end

  def test_find_with_proc_parameter_and_block
    exception = assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should happen" }) { |e| e.title == "non-existing-title" }
    end
    assert_equal "should happen", exception.message

    assert_nothing_raised do
      Topic.all.find(-> { raise "should not happen" }) { |e| e.title == topics(:first).title }
    end
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_returning_ordered
    records = Topic.find([4, 2, 5])
    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title

    records = Topic.find(4, 2, 5)
    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title

    records = Topic.find(["4", "2", "5"])
    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title

    records = Topic.find("4", "2", "5")
    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_and_order_clause
    # The order clause takes precedence over the informed ids
    records = Topic.order(:author_name).find([5, 3, 1])
    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[0].title
    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title

    records = Topic.order(:id).find([5, 3, 1])
    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day", records[2].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_with_limit_and_order_clause
    # The order clause takes precedence over the informed ids
    records = Topic.limit(2).order(:id).find([5, 3, 1])
    assert_equal 2, records.size
    assert_equal "The First Topic",            records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day", records[1].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_and_limit
    records = Topic.limit(3).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
    assert_equal 3, records.size
    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day",  records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[2].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_where_and_limit
    # Please note that Topic 1 is the only not approved so
    # if it were among the first 3 it would raise an ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
    records = Topic.where(approved: true).limit(3).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
    assert_equal 3, records.size
    assert_equal "The Third Topic of the day",  records[0].title
    assert_equal "The Second Topic of the day", records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[2].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_and_offset
    records = Topic.offset(2).find([3, 2, 5, 1, 4])
    assert_equal 3, records.size
    assert_equal "The Fifth Topic of the day",  records[0].title
    assert_equal "The First Topic",             records[1].title
    assert_equal "The Fourth Topic of the day", records[2].title
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_with_no_id_passed
    exception = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find }
    assert_equal exception.model, "Topic"
    assert_equal exception.primary_key, "id"
  end

  def test_find_with_ids_with_id_out_of_range
    exception = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
      Topic.find("9999999999999999999999999999999")
    end

    assert_equal exception.model, "Topic"
    assert_equal exception.primary_key, "id"
  end

  def test_find_passing_active_record_object_is_not_permitted
    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
      Topic.find(Topic.last)
    end
  end

  def test_symbols_table_ref
    gc_disabled = GC.disable
    Post.where("author_id" => nil)  # warm up
    x = Symbol.all_symbols.count
    Post.where("title" => { "xxxqqqq" => "bar" })
    assert_equal x, Symbol.all_symbols.count
  ensure
    GC.enable if gc_disabled == false
  end

  # find should handle strings that come from URLs
  # (example: Category.find(params[:id]))
  def test_find_with_string
    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title, Topic.find("1").title)
  end

  def test_exists
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(1)
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?("1")
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(title: "The First Topic")
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(heading: "The First Topic")
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(author_name: "Mary", approved: true)
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1])
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?(id: [1, 9999])

    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(45)
    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(9999999999999999999999999999999)
    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(Topic.new.id)

    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1, 2]) }
  end

  def test_exists_with_scope
    davids = Author.where(name: "David")
    assert_equal true, davids.exists?
    assert_equal true, davids.exists?(authors(:david).id)
    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(authors(:mary).id)
    assert_equal false, davids.exists?("42")
    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(42)
    assert_equal false, davids.exists?(davids.new.id)

    fake = Author.where(name: "fake author")
    assert_equal false, fake.exists?
    assert_equal false, fake.exists?(authors(:david).id)
  end

  def test_exists_uses_existing_scope
    post = authors(:david).posts.first
    authors = Author.includes(:posts).where(name: "David", posts: { id: post.id })
    assert_equal true, authors.exists?(authors(:david).id)
  end

  def test_any_with_scope_on_hash_includes
    post = authors(:david).posts.first
    categories = Categorization.includes(author: :posts).where(posts: { id: post.id })
    assert_equal true, categories.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_polymorphic_relation
    post = Post.create!(title: "Post", body: "default", taggings: [Tagging.new(comment: "tagging comment")])
    relation = Post.tagged_with_comment("tagging comment")

    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(title: ["Post"])
    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(["title LIKE ?", "Post%"])
    assert_equal true, relation.exists?
    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id)
    assert_equal true, relation.exists?(post.id.to_s)

    assert_equal false, relation.exists?(false)
  end

  def test_exists_with_string
    assert_equal false, Subscriber.exists?("foo")
    assert_equal false, Subscriber.exists?("   ")

    Subscriber.create!(id: "foo")
    Subscriber.create!(id: "   ")

    assert_equal true, Subscriber.exists?("foo")
    assert_equal true, Subscriber.exists?("   ")
  end

  def test_exists_passing_active_record_object_is_not_permitted
    assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
      Topic.exists?(Topic.new)
    end
  end

  def test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias
    assert_sql(/SELECT\W+1 AS one FROM ["`]topics["`]/i) do
      Topic.exists?
    end
  end

  def test_exists_returns_true_with_one_record_and_no_args
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_returns_false_with_false_arg
    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(false)
  end

  # exists? should handle nil for id's that come from URLs and always return false
  # (example: Topic.exists?(params[:id])) where params[:id] is nil
  def test_exists_with_nil_arg
    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?(nil)
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?

    assert_equal false, Topic.first.replies.exists?(nil)
    assert_equal true, Topic.first.replies.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_empty_hash_arg
    assert_equal true, Topic.exists?({})
  end

  # Ensure +exists?+ runs without an error by excluding distinct value.
  # See https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/26981.
  def test_exists_with_order_and_distinct
    assert_equal true, Topic.order(:id).distinct.exists?
  end

  # Ensure +exists?+ runs without an error by excluding order value.
  def test_exists_with_order
    assert_equal true, Topic.order(Arel.sql("invalid sql here")).exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_joins
    assert_equal true, Topic.joins(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_left_joins
    assert_equal true, Topic.left_joins(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_eager_load
    assert_equal true, Topic.eager_load(:replies).where(replies_topics: { approved: true }).order("replies_topics.created_at DESC").exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result
    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists? }
    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal false, Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where("0 = 1").exists? }
  end

  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_and_limit
    author = Author.first
    unique_categorized_posts = author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments)
    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, unique_categorized_posts.limit(0).exists? }
    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, unique_categorized_posts.limit(1).exists? }
  end

  def test_exists_with_distinct_association_includes_limit_and_order
    author = Author.first
    unique_categorized_posts = author.unique_categorized_posts.includes(:special_comments).order("comments.tags_count DESC")
    assert_no_queries { assert_equal false, unique_categorized_posts.limit(0).exists? }
    assert_queries(1) { assert_equal true, unique_categorized_posts.limit(1).exists? }
  end

  def test_exists_should_reference_correct_aliases_while_joining_tables_of_has_many_through_association
    ratings = developers(:david).ratings.includes(comment: :post).where(posts: { id: 1 })
    assert_queries(1) { assert_not_predicate ratings.limit(1), :exists? }
  end

  def test_exists_with_empty_table_and_no_args_given
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_equal false, Topic.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
    existing_address = customers(:david).address
    assert_equal true, Customer.exists?(address: existing_address)
  end

  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_with_one_difference
    existing_address = customers(:david).address
    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
    assert_equal false, Customer.exists?(address: Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
  end

  def test_exists_does_not_instantiate_records
    assert_not_called(Developer, :instantiate) do
      Developer.exists?
    end
  end

  def test_find_by_array_of_one_id
    assert_kind_of(Array, Topic.find([ 1 ]))
    assert_equal(1, Topic.find([ 1 ]).length)
  end

  def test_find_by_ids
    assert_equal 2, Topic.find(1, 2).size
    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.find([2]).first.title
  end

  def test_find_by_ids_with_limit_and_offset
    assert_equal 2, Entrant.limit(2).find([1, 3, 2]).size
    entrants = Entrant.limit(3).offset(2).find([1, 3, 2])
    assert_equal 1, entrants.size
    assert_equal "Ruby Guru", entrants.first.name

    # Also test an edge case: If you have 11 results, and you set a
    #   limit of 3 and offset of 9, then you should find that there
    #   will be only 2 results, regardless of the limit.
    devs = Developer.all
    last_devs = Developer.limit(3).offset(9).find devs.map(&:id)
    assert_equal 2, last_devs.size
    assert_equal "fixture_10", last_devs[0].name
    assert_equal "Jamis", last_devs[1].name
  end

  def test_find_with_large_number
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find("9999999999999999999999999999999") }
  end

  def test_find_by_with_large_number
    assert_nil Topic.find_by(id: "9999999999999999999999999999999")
  end

  def test_find_by_id_with_large_number
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_id("9999999999999999999999999999999")
  end

  def test_find_on_relation_with_large_number
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
      Topic.where("1=1").find(9999999999999999999999999999999)
    end
  end

  def test_find_by_on_relation_with_large_number
    assert_nil Topic.where("1=1").find_by(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
  end

  def test_find_by_bang_on_relation_with_large_number
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
      Topic.where("1=1").find_by!(id: 9999999999999999999999999999999)
    end
  end

  def test_find_an_empty_array
    empty_array = []
    result = Topic.find(empty_array)
    assert_equal [], result
    assert_not_same empty_array, result
  end

  def test_find_doesnt_have_implicit_ordering
    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Topic.find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_by_ids_missing_one
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find(1, 2, 45) }
  end

  def test_find_with_group_and_sanitized_having_method
    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select("salary").to_a
    assert_equal 3, developers.size
    assert_equal 3, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
    assert developers.all? { |developer| developer.salary > 10000 }
  end

  def test_find_with_entire_select_statement
    topics = Topic.find_by_sql "SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = 'Mary'"

    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
  end

  def test_find_with_prepared_select_statement
    topics = Topic.find_by_sql ["SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = ?", "Mary"]

    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
  end

  def test_find_by_sql_with_sti_on_joined_table
    accounts = Account.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM accounts INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = accounts.firm_id")
    assert_equal [Account], accounts.collect(&:class).uniq
  end

  def test_find_by_association_subquery
    author = authors(:david)
    assert_equal author.post, Post.find_by(author: Author.where(id: author))
    assert_equal author.post, Post.find_by(author_id: Author.where(id: author))
  end

  def test_find_by_and_where_consistency_with_active_record_instance
    author = authors(:david)
    assert_equal Post.where(author_id: author).take, Post.find_by(author_id: author)
  end

  def test_take
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.where("title = 'The First Topic'").take
  end

  def test_take_failing
    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take
  end

  def test_take_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").take!
    end
  end

  def test_take_bang_missing
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take!
    end
  end

  def test_first
    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first.title
  end

  def test_first_failing
    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day!'").first
  end

  def test_first_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first!
    end
  end

  def test_first_bang_missing
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").first!
    end
  end

  def test_first_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:first)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.first
    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).first
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_first_bang
    assert Topic.first!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.first!
    end
  end

  def test_second
    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.second.title
  end

  def test_second_with_offset
    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(3).second
  end

  def test_second_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:second)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.second
    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).second
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_second_bang
    assert Topic.second!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.second!
    end
  end

  def test_third
    assert_equal topics(:third).title, Topic.third.title
  end

  def test_third_with_offset
    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(2).third
  end

  def test_third_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:third)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.third
    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).third
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_third_bang
    assert Topic.third!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.third!
    end
  end

  def test_fourth
    assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.fourth.title
  end

  def test_fourth_with_offset
    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(1).fourth
  end

  def test_fourth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:fourth)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.fourth
    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).fourth
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_fourth_bang
    assert Topic.fourth!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.fourth!
    end
  end

  def test_fifth
    assert_equal topics(:fifth).title, Topic.fifth.title
  end

  def test_fifth_with_offset
    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.offset(0).fifth
  end

  def test_fifth_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:fifth)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.fifth
    assert_equal expected, Topic.limit(5).fifth
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_fifth_bang
    assert Topic.fifth!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.fifth!
    end
  end

  def test_second_to_last
    assert_equal topics(:fourth).title, Topic.second_to_last.title

    # test with offset
    assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(1).second_to_last
    assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(2).second_to_last
    assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.offset(3).second_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.offset(4).second_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.offset(5).second_to_last

    # test with limit
    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).second
    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).second_to_last
  end

  def test_second_to_last_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:fourth)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.second_to_last
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_second_to_last_bang
    assert Topic.second_to_last!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.second_to_last!
    end
  end

  def test_third_to_last
    assert_equal topics(:third).title, Topic.third_to_last.title

    # test with offset
    assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.offset(1).third_to_last
    assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.offset(2).third_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.offset(3).third_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.offset(4).third_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.offset(5).third_to_last

    # test with limit
    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).third
    assert_nil Topic.limit(1).third_to_last
    assert_nil Topic.limit(2).third
    assert_nil Topic.limit(2).third_to_last
  end

  def test_third_to_last_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:third)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.third_to_last
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_third_to_last_bang
    assert Topic.third_to_last!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.third_to_last!
    end
  end

  def test_last_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").last!
    end
  end

  def test_last_bang_missing
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").last!
    end
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_last_bang
    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.last!
    assert_raises_with_message ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic" do
      Topic.delete_all
      Topic.last!
    end
  end

  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit
    assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.take(3).entries }
    assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.first(2).entries }
    assert_sql(/LIMIT|ROWNUM <=|FETCH FIRST/) { Topic.last(5).entries }
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order
    assert_equal Topic.order("title").to_a.last(2), Topic.order("title").last(2)
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_use_sql_limit
    relation = Topic.order("title")
    assert_queries(1) { relation.last(5) }
    assert_not_predicate relation, :loaded?
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_reorder_should_use_sql_limit
    relation = Topic.reorder("title")
    assert_queries(1) { relation.last(5) }
    assert_not_predicate relation, :loaded?
  end

  def test_last_on_loaded_relation_should_not_use_sql
    relation = Topic.limit(10).load
    assert_no_queries do
      relation.last
      relation.last(2)
    end
  end

  def test_last_with_irreversible_order
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::IrreversibleOrderError) do
      Topic.order(Arel.sql("coalesce(author_name, title)")).last
    end
  end

  def test_last_on_relation_with_limit_and_offset
    post = posts("sti_comments")

    comments = post.comments.order(id: :asc)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last, comments.limit(2).last
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(2), comments.limit(2).last(2)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(3), comments.limit(2).last(3)

    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last, comments.offset(2).last
    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last(2), comments.offset(2).last(2)
    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.last(3), comments.offset(2).last(3)

    comments = comments.offset(1)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last, comments.limit(2).last
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(2), comments.limit(2).last(2)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.last(3), comments.limit(2).last(3)
  end

  def test_first_on_relation_with_limit_and_offset
    post = posts("sti_comments")

    comments = post.comments.order(id: :asc)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first, comments.limit(2).first
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(2), comments.limit(2).first(2)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(3), comments.limit(2).first(3)

    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first, comments.offset(2).first
    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first(2), comments.offset(2).first(2)
    assert_equal comments.offset(2).to_a.first(3), comments.offset(2).first(3)

    comments = comments.offset(1)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first, comments.limit(2).first
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(2), comments.limit(2).first(2)
    assert_equal comments.limit(2).to_a.first(3), comments.limit(2).first(3)
  end

  def test_first_have_determined_order_by_default
    expected = [companies(:second_client), companies(:another_client)]
    clients = Client.where(name: expected.map(&:name))

    assert_equal expected, clients.first(2)
    assert_equal expected, clients.limit(5).first(2)
  end

  def test_implicit_order_column_is_configurable
    old_implicit_order_column = Topic.implicit_order_column
    Topic.implicit_order_column = "title"

    assert_equal topics(:fifth), Topic.first
    assert_equal topics(:third), Topic.last
  ensure
    Topic.implicit_order_column = old_implicit_order_column
  end

  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_return_an_array
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.take(5)
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.first(5)
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.last(5)
  end

  def test_unexisting_record_exception_handling
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
      Topic.find(1).parent
    }

    Topic.find(2).topic
  end

  def test_find_only_some_columns
    topic = Topic.select("author_name").find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) { topic.title }
    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) { topic.title? }
    assert_nil topic.read_attribute("title")
    assert_equal "David", topic.author_name
    assert_not topic.attribute_present?("title")
    assert_not topic.attribute_present?(:title)
    assert topic.attribute_present?("author_name")
    assert_respond_to topic, "author_name"
  end

  def test_find_on_array_conditions
    assert Topic.where(["approved = ?", false]).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(["approved = ?", true]).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions
    assert Topic.where(approved: false).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(approved: true).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_qualified_attribute_dot_notation_string
    assert Topic.where("topics.approved" => false).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => true).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_qualified_attribute_dot_notation_symbol
    assert Topic.where('topics.approved': false).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where('topics.approved': true).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_hashed_table_name
    assert Topic.where(topics: { approved: false }).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(topics: { approved: true }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_combined_explicit_and_hashed_table_names
    assert Topic.where("topics.approved" => false, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => true, topics: { author_name: "David" }).find(1) }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where("topics.approved" => false, topics: { author_name: "Melanie" }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(accounts: { credit_limit: 50 })
    assert_equal 1, firms.size
    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firms.first
  end

  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table_and_with_range
    firms = DependentFirm.joins(:account).where(name: "RailsCore", accounts: { credit_limit: 55..60 })
    assert_equal 1, firms.size
    assert_equal companies(:rails_core), firms.first
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name_and_aggregate
    david = customers(:david)
    assert Customer.where("customers.name" => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
      Customer.where("customers.name" => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
    }
  end

  def test_find_on_association_proxy_conditions
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_range
    assert_equal [1, 2], Topic.where(id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2..3).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_end_exclusive_range
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Topic.where(id: 1..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_equal [1, 2], Topic.where(id: 1...3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(id: 2...3).find(3) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_multiple_ranges
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Comment.where(id: 1..3, post_id: 1..2).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_equal [1], Comment.where(id: 1..1, post_id: 1..10).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_ranges
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_ranges
    assert_equal [1, 2, 6, 7, 8], Comment.where(id: [1..2, 6..8]).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_open_ended_range
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3], Comment.where(id: Float::INFINITY..3).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_numeric_range_for_string
    topic = Topic.create!(title: "12 Factor App")
    assert_equal [topic], Topic.where(title: 10..2).to_a
  end

  def test_find_on_multiple_hash_conditions
    assert Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "The First Topic", replies_count: 1, approved: true).find(1) }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.where(author_name: "David", title: "HHC", replies_count: 1, approved: false).find(1) }
  end

  def test_condition_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where("name = '%s'", "37signals").first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
  end

  def test_condition_array_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals"]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
  end

  def test_condition_hash_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(name: "37signals").first
    assert_nil Company.where(name: "37signals!").first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(id: 1).first.written_on
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_malformed
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) {
      Company.where(id: 2, dhh: true).first
    }
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters
    Company.create("name" => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff")
    assert Company.where(name: "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff").first
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_array
    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order("id asc").to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2]).order("id asc").to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(id: [p1, p2.id]).order("id asc").to_a
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_nil
    topic = Topic.where(last_read: nil).first
    assert_not_nil topic
    assert_nil topic.last_read
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.where(balance: balance).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_array
    david_address = customers(:david).address
    zaphod_address = customers(:zaphod).address
    barney_address = customers(:barney).address
    assert_kind_of Address, david_address
    assert_kind_of Address, zaphod_address
    found_customers = Customer.where(address: [david_address, zaphod_address, barney_address])
    assert_equal [customers(:david), customers(:zaphod), customers(:barney)], found_customers.sort_by(&:id)
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_array
    david_balance = customers(:david).balance
    zaphod_balance = customers(:zaphod).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, david_balance
    assert_kind_of Money, zaphod_balance
    found_customers = Customer.where(balance: [david_balance, zaphod_balance])
    assert_equal [customers(:david), customers(:zaphod)], found_customers.sort_by(&:id)
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_aggregate
    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
    found_customer = Customer.where(gps_location: gps_location).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.where(balance: balance.amount).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
    found_customer = Customer.where(gps_location: gps_location.gps_location).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.where(address: address).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_one_condition_being_aggregate_and_another_not
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.where(address: address, name: customers(:david).name).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
      with_timezone_config default: :local do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(["written_on = ?", topic.written_on.getutc]).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
      with_timezone_config default: :local do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getutc).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(["written_on = ?", topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
    with_env_tz "America/New_York" do
      with_timezone_config default: :utc do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.where(written_on: topic.written_on.getlocal).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_bind_variables
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals"]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = ?", 1]).first.written_on
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
      Company.where(["id=? AND name = ?", 2]).first
    }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
      Company.where(["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
    }
  end

  def test_bind_variables_with_quotes
    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es against")
    assert Company.where(["name = ?", "37signals' go'es against"]).first
  end

  def test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes
    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es against")
    assert Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals' go'es against" }]).first
  end

  def test_named_bind_variables
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals" }]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!" }]).first
    assert_nil Company.where(["name = :name", { name: "37signals!' OR 1=1" }]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.where(["id = :id", { id: 1 }]).first.written_on
  end

  def test_count_by_sql
    assert_equal(0, Entrant.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > 3"))
    assert_equal(1, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 2]))
    assert_equal(2, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 1]))
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic!")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic")
    assert_raises_with_message(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find Topic") do
      Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic!")
    end
  end

  def test_find_by_on_attribute_that_is_a_reserved_word
    dog_alias = "Dog"
    dog = Dog.create(alias: dog_alias)

    assert_equal dog, Dog.find_by_alias(dog_alias)
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_alias
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic!")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined
    blank_topic = BlankTopic.create(title: "The Blank One")
    assert_equal blank_topic, BlankTopic.find_by_title!("The Blank One")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_conditions
    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_address(address)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate_with_one_attribute_difference
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city, address.country + "1")
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city + "1", address.country)
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street + "1", address.city, address.country)
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_that_are_both_aggregates
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_address(balance, address)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_with_one_being_an_aggregate
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_name(balance, customers(:david).name)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_dynamic_finder_on_one_attribute_with_conditions_returns_same_results_after_caching
    # ensure this test can run independently of order
    class << Account; self; end.send(:remove_method, :find_by_credit_limit) if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
    a = Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
    assert_equal a, Account.where("firm_id = ?", 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_several_options
    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order("id DESC").where("id != ?", 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
  end

  def test_find_by_one_missing_attribute
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_undertitle("The First Topic!") }
  end

  def test_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_by_title("The First Topic") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_title?("The First Topic") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_or_create_by_title("Nonexistent Title") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_or_create_by_title?("Nonexistent Title") }
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "Mary")
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_but_passing_only_one
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic") }
  end

  def test_find_by_nil_attribute
    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read nil
    assert_not_nil topic
    assert_nil topic.last_read
  end

  def test_find_by_nil_and_not_nil_attributes
    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read_and_author_name nil, "Mary"
    assert_equal "Mary", topic.author_name
  end

  def test_find_with_bad_sql
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.find_by_sql "select 1 from badtable" }
  end

  def test_joins_dont_clobber_id
    first = Firm.
      joins("INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id").
      where("companies.id = 1").first
    assert_equal 1, first.id
  end

  def test_joins_with_string_array
    person_with_reader_and_post = Post.
      joins(["INNER JOIN categorizations ON categorizations.post_id = posts.id",
             "INNER JOIN categories ON categories.id = categorizations.category_id AND categories.type = 'SpecialCategory'"
            ])
    assert_equal 1, person_with_reader_and_post.size
  end

  def test_find_by_id_with_conditions_with_or
    assert_nothing_raised do
      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1, 2, 3])
    end
  end

  def test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record
    Post.create!(title: "test", body: "it out")
    assert_equal [], Post.where(id: nil)
  end

  def test_find_by_empty_ids
    assert_equal [], Post.find([])
  end

  def test_find_by_empty_in_condition
    assert_equal [], Post.where("id in (?)", [])
  end

  def test_find_by_records
    p1, p2 = Post.limit(2).order("id asc").to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(["id in (?)", [p1, p2]]).order("id asc")
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.where(["id in (?)", [p1, p2.id]]).order("id asc")
  end

  def test_select_value
    assert_equal "37signals", Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = 1")
    assert_nil Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = -1")
    # make sure we didn't break count...
    assert_equal 0, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = 'Halliburton'")
    assert_equal 1, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = '37signals'")
  end

  def test_select_values
    assert_equal ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map!(&:to_s)
    assert_equal ["37signals", "Summit", "Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux", "Apex"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
  end

  def test_select_rows
    assert_equal(
      [["1", "1", nil, "37signals"],
       ["2", "1", "2", "Summit"],
       ["3", "1", "1", "Microsoft"]],
      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.map! { |j| j.to_s unless j.nil? } })
    assert_equal [["1", "37signals"], ["2", "Summit"], ["3", "Microsoft"]],
      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.map! { |j| j.to_s unless j.nil? } }
  end

  def test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct
    assert_equal 2, Post.includes(authors: :author_address).
      where.not(author_addresses: { id: nil }).
      order("author_addresses.id DESC").limit(2).to_a.size

    assert_equal 3, Post.includes(author: :author_address, authors: :author_address).
      where.not(author_addresses_authors: { id: nil }).
      order("author_addresses_authors.id DESC").limit(3).to_a.size
  end

  def test_find_with_eager_loading_collection_and_ordering_by_collection_primary_key
    assert_equal Post.first, Post.eager_load(comments: :ratings).
      order("posts.id, ratings.id, comments.id").first
  end

  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_one_attribute
    client_of = Company.
      where(client_of: [2, 1, nil],
            name: ["37signals", "Summit", "Microsoft"]).
      order("client_of DESC").
      map(&:client_of)

    assert_includes client_of, nil
    assert_equal [2, 1].sort, client_of.compact.sort
  end

  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_attribute
    client_of = Company.
      where(client_of: [nil]).
      order("client_of DESC").
      map(&:client_of)

    assert_equal [], client_of.compact
  end

  def test_with_limiting_with_custom_select
    posts = Post.references(:authors).merge(
      includes: :author, select: 'posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
      limit: 3, order: "posts.id"
    ).to_a
    assert_equal 3, posts.size
    assert_equal [0, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_id).sort
  end

  def test_find_one_message_on_primary_key
    e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
      Car.find(0)
    end
    assert_equal 0, e.id
    assert_equal "id", e.primary_key
    assert_equal "Car", e.model
    assert_equal "Couldn't find Car with 'id'=0", e.message
  end

  def test_find_one_message_with_custom_primary_key
    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
      model.primary_key = :name
      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
        model.find "Hello World!"
      end
      assert_equal "Couldn't find MercedesCar with 'name'=Hello World!", e.message
    end
  end

  def test_find_some_message_with_custom_primary_key
    table_with_custom_primary_key do |model|
      model.primary_key = :name
      e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
        model.find "Hello", "World!"
      end
      assert_equal "Couldn't find all MercedesCars with 'name': (Hello, World!) (found 0 results, but was looking for 2).", e.message
    end
  end

  def test_find_without_primary_key
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::UnknownPrimaryKey) do
      Matey.find(1)
    end
  end

  def test_finder_with_offset_string
    assert_nothing_raised { Topic.offset("3").to_a }
  end

  test "find_by with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
  end

  test "find_by with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
  end

  test "find_by with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by("id = ?", posts(:eager_other).id)
  end

  test "find_by with range conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id...posts(:misc_by_bob).id)
  end

  test "find_by returns nil if the record is missing" do
    assert_nil Post.find_by("1 = 0")
  end

  test "find_by with associations" do
    assert_equal authors(:david), Post.find_by(author: authors(:david)).author
    assert_equal authors(:mary), Post.find_by(author: authors(:mary)).author
  end

  test "find_by doesn't have implicit ordering" do
    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
  end

  test "find_by! with hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id)
  end

  test "find_by! with non-hash conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!("id = #{posts(:eager_other).id}")
  end

  test "find_by! with multi-arg conditions returns the first matching record" do
    assert_equal posts(:eager_other), Post.find_by!("id = ?", posts(:eager_other).id)
  end

  test "find_by! doesn't have implicit ordering" do
    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Post.find_by!(id: posts(:eager_other).id) }
  end

  test "find_by! raises RecordNotFound if the record is missing" do
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) do
      Post.find_by!("1 = 0")
    end
  end

  test "find on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
    honda = cars(:honda)
    zyke = cars(:zyke)
    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!

    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find(tyre.id)
    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find(tyre2.id)
  end

  test "find_by on a scope does not perform statement caching" do
    honda = cars(:honda)
    zyke = cars(:zyke)
    tyre = honda.tyres.create!
    tyre2 = zyke.tyres.create!

    assert_equal tyre, honda.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre.id)
    assert_equal tyre2, zyke.tyres.custom_find_by(id: tyre2.id)
  end

  test "#skip_query_cache! for #exists?" do
    Topic.cache do
      assert_queries(1) do
        Topic.exists?
        Topic.exists?
      end

      assert_queries(2) do
        Topic.all.skip_query_cache!.exists?
        Topic.all.skip_query_cache!.exists?
      end
    end
  end

  test "#skip_query_cache! for #exists? with a limited eager load" do
    Topic.cache do
      assert_queries(1) do
        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).exists?
        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).exists?
      end

      assert_queries(2) do
        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).skip_query_cache!.exists?
        Topic.eager_load(:replies).limit(1).skip_query_cache!.exists?
      end
    end
  end

  private
    def table_with_custom_primary_key
      yield(Class.new(Toy) do
        def self.name
          "MercedesCar"
        end
      end)
    end

    def assert_raises_with_message(exception_class, message, &block)
      err = assert_raises(exception_class) { block.call }
      assert_match message, err.message
    end
end