1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
|
require "cases/helper"
require "concurrent/atomic/count_down_latch"
module ActiveRecord
module ConnectionAdapters
class ConnectionPoolTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
attr_reader :pool
def setup
super
# Keep a duplicate pool so we do not bother others
@pool = ConnectionPool.new ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.spec
if in_memory_db?
# Separate connections to an in-memory database create an entirely new database,
# with an empty schema etc, so we just stub out this schema on the fly.
@pool.with_connection do |connection|
connection.create_table :posts do |t|
t.integer :cololumn
end
end
end
end
teardown do
@pool.disconnect!
end
def active_connections(pool)
pool.connections.find_all(&:in_use?)
end
def test_checkout_after_close
connection = pool.connection
assert connection.in_use?
connection.close
assert !connection.in_use?
assert pool.connection.in_use?
end
def test_released_connection_moves_between_threads
thread_conn = nil
Thread.new {
pool.with_connection do |conn|
thread_conn = conn
end
}.join
assert thread_conn
Thread.new {
pool.with_connection do |conn|
assert_equal thread_conn, conn
end
}.join
end
def test_with_connection
assert_equal 0, active_connections(pool).size
main_thread = pool.connection
assert_equal 1, active_connections(pool).size
Thread.new {
pool.with_connection do |conn|
assert conn
assert_equal 2, active_connections(pool).size
end
assert_equal 1, active_connections(pool).size
}.join
main_thread.close
assert_equal 0, active_connections(pool).size
end
def test_active_connection_in_use
assert !pool.active_connection?
main_thread = pool.connection
assert pool.active_connection?
main_thread.close
assert !pool.active_connection?
end
def test_full_pool_exception
@pool.size.times { @pool.checkout }
assert_raises(ConnectionTimeoutError) do
@pool.checkout
end
end
def test_full_pool_blocks
cs = @pool.size.times.map { @pool.checkout }
t = Thread.new { @pool.checkout }
# make sure our thread is in the timeout section
Thread.pass until @pool.num_waiting_in_queue == 1
connection = cs.first
connection.close
assert_equal connection, t.join.value
end
def test_removing_releases_latch
cs = @pool.size.times.map { @pool.checkout }
t = Thread.new { @pool.checkout }
# make sure our thread is in the timeout section
Thread.pass until @pool.num_waiting_in_queue == 1
connection = cs.first
@pool.remove connection
assert_respond_to t.join.value, :execute
connection.close
end
def test_reap_and_active
@pool.checkout
@pool.checkout
@pool.checkout
connections = @pool.connections.dup
@pool.reap
assert_equal connections.length, @pool.connections.length
end
def test_reap_inactive
ready = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
@pool.checkout
child = Thread.new do
@pool.checkout
@pool.checkout
ready.count_down
Thread.stop
end
ready.wait
assert_equal 3, active_connections(@pool).size
child.terminate
child.join
@pool.reap
assert_equal 1, active_connections(@pool).size
ensure
@pool.connections.each { |conn| conn.close if conn.in_use? }
end
def test_remove_connection
conn = @pool.checkout
assert conn.in_use?
length = @pool.connections.length
@pool.remove conn
assert conn.in_use?
assert_equal(length - 1, @pool.connections.length)
ensure
conn.close
end
def test_remove_connection_for_thread
conn = @pool.connection
@pool.remove conn
assert_not_equal(conn, @pool.connection)
ensure
conn.close if conn
end
def test_active_connection?
assert !@pool.active_connection?
assert @pool.connection
assert @pool.active_connection?
@pool.release_connection
assert !@pool.active_connection?
end
def test_checkout_behaviour
pool = ConnectionPool.new ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.spec
connection = pool.connection
assert_not_nil connection
threads = []
4.times do |i|
threads << Thread.new(i) do
connection = pool.connection
assert_not_nil connection
connection.close
end
end
threads.each(&:join)
Thread.new do
assert pool.connection
pool.connection.close
end.join
end
# The connection pool is "fair" if threads waiting for
# connections receive them in the order in which they began
# waiting. This ensures that we don't timeout one HTTP request
# even while well under capacity in a multi-threaded environment
# such as a Java servlet container.
#
# We don't need strict fairness: if two connections become
# available at the same time, it's fine if two threads that were
# waiting acquire the connections out of order.
#
# Thus this test prepares waiting threads and then trickles in
# available connections slowly, ensuring the wakeup order is
# correct in this case.
def test_checkout_fairness
@pool.instance_variable_set(:@size, 10)
expected = (1..@pool.size).to_a.freeze
# check out all connections so our threads start out waiting
conns = expected.map { @pool.checkout }
mutex = Mutex.new
order = []
errors = []
threads = expected.map do |i|
t = Thread.new {
begin
@pool.checkout # never checked back in
mutex.synchronize { order << i }
rescue => e
mutex.synchronize { errors << e }
end
}
Thread.pass until @pool.num_waiting_in_queue == i
t
end
# this should wake up the waiting threads one by one in order
conns.each { |conn| @pool.checkin(conn); sleep 0.1 }
threads.each(&:join)
raise errors.first if errors.any?
assert_equal(expected, order)
end
# As mentioned in #test_checkout_fairness, we don't care about
# strict fairness. This test creates two groups of threads:
# group1 whose members all start waiting before any thread in
# group2. Enough connections are checked in to wakeup all
# group1 threads, and the fact that only group1 and no group2
# threads acquired a connection is enforced.
def test_checkout_fairness_by_group
@pool.instance_variable_set(:@size, 10)
# take all the connections
conns = (1..10).map { @pool.checkout }
mutex = Mutex.new
successes = [] # threads that successfully got a connection
errors = []
make_thread = proc do |i|
t = Thread.new {
begin
@pool.checkout # never checked back in
mutex.synchronize { successes << i }
rescue => e
mutex.synchronize { errors << e }
end
}
Thread.pass until @pool.num_waiting_in_queue == i
t
end
# all group1 threads start waiting before any in group2
group1 = (1..5).map(&make_thread)
group2 = (6..10).map(&make_thread)
# checkin n connections back to the pool
checkin = proc do |n|
n.times do
c = conns.pop
@pool.checkin(c)
end
end
checkin.call(group1.size) # should wake up all group1
loop do
sleep 0.1
break if mutex.synchronize { (successes.size + errors.size) == group1.size }
end
winners = mutex.synchronize { successes.dup }
checkin.call(group2.size) # should wake up everyone remaining
group1.each(&:join)
group2.each(&:join)
assert_equal((1..group1.size).to_a, winners.sort)
if errors.any?
raise errors.first
end
end
def test_automatic_reconnect=
pool = ConnectionPool.new ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.spec
assert pool.automatic_reconnect
assert pool.connection
pool.disconnect!
assert pool.connection
pool.disconnect!
pool.automatic_reconnect = false
assert_raises(ConnectionNotEstablished) do
pool.connection
end
assert_raises(ConnectionNotEstablished) do
pool.with_connection
end
end
def test_pool_sets_connection_visitor
assert @pool.connection.visitor.is_a?(Arel::Visitors::ToSql)
end
# make sure exceptions are thrown when establish_connection
# is called with an anonymous class
def test_anonymous_class_exception
anonymous = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base)
assert_raises(RuntimeError) do
anonymous.establish_connection
end
end
def test_connection_notification_is_called
payloads = []
subscription = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("!connection.active_record") do |name, started, finished, unique_id, payload|
payloads << payload
end
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :arunit
assert_equal [:config, :connection_id, :spec_name], payloads[0].keys.sort
assert_equal "primary", payloads[0][:spec_name]
ensure
ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscription) if subscription
end
def test_pool_sets_connection_schema_cache
connection = pool.checkout
schema_cache = SchemaCache.new connection
schema_cache.add(:posts)
pool.schema_cache = schema_cache
pool.with_connection do |conn|
assert_not_same pool.schema_cache, conn.schema_cache
assert_equal pool.schema_cache.size, conn.schema_cache.size
assert_same pool.schema_cache.columns(:posts), conn.schema_cache.columns(:posts)
end
pool.checkin connection
end
def test_concurrent_connection_establishment
assert_operator @pool.connections.size, :<=, 1
all_threads_in_new_connection = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new(@pool.size - @pool.connections.size)
all_go = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
@pool.singleton_class.class_eval do
define_method(:new_connection) do
all_threads_in_new_connection.count_down
all_go.wait
super()
end
end
connecting_threads = []
@pool.size.times do
connecting_threads << Thread.new { @pool.checkout }
end
begin
Timeout.timeout(5) do
# the kernel of the whole test is here, everything else is just scaffolding,
# this latch will not be released unless conn. pool allows for concurrent
# connection creation
all_threads_in_new_connection.wait
end
rescue Timeout::Error
flunk "pool unable to establish connections concurrently or implementation has " <<
"changed, this test then needs to patch a different :new_connection method"
ensure
# clean up the threads
all_go.count_down
connecting_threads.map(&:join)
end
end
def test_non_bang_disconnect_and_clear_reloadable_connections_throw_exception_if_threads_dont_return_their_conns
@pool.checkout_timeout = 0.001 # no need to delay test suite by waiting the whole full default timeout
[:disconnect, :clear_reloadable_connections].each do |group_action_method|
@pool.with_connection do |connection|
assert_raises(ExclusiveConnectionTimeoutError) do
Thread.new { @pool.send(group_action_method) }.join
end
end
end
end
def test_disconnect_and_clear_reloadable_connections_attempt_to_wait_for_threads_to_return_their_conns
[:disconnect, :disconnect!, :clear_reloadable_connections, :clear_reloadable_connections!].each do |group_action_method|
begin
thread = timed_join_result = nil
@pool.with_connection do |connection|
thread = Thread.new { @pool.send(group_action_method) }
# give the other `thread` some time to get stuck in `group_action_method`
timed_join_result = thread.join(0.3)
# thread.join # => `nil` means the other thread hasn't finished running and is still waiting for us to
# release our connection
assert_nil timed_join_result
# assert that since this is within default timeout our connection hasn't been forcefully taken away from us
assert @pool.active_connection?
end
ensure
thread.join if thread && !timed_join_result # clean up the other thread
end
end
end
def test_bang_versions_of_disconnect_and_clear_reloadable_connections_if_unable_to_aquire_all_connections_proceed_anyway
@pool.checkout_timeout = 0.001 # no need to delay test suite by waiting the whole full default timeout
[:disconnect!, :clear_reloadable_connections!].each do |group_action_method|
@pool.with_connection do |connection|
Thread.new { @pool.send(group_action_method) }.join
# assert connection has been forcefully taken away from us
assert_not @pool.active_connection?
# make a new connection for with_connection to clean up
@pool.connection
end
end
end
def test_disconnect_and_clear_reloadable_connections_are_able_to_preempt_other_waiting_threads
with_single_connection_pool do |pool|
[:disconnect, :disconnect!, :clear_reloadable_connections, :clear_reloadable_connections!].each do |group_action_method|
conn = pool.connection # drain the only available connection
second_thread_done = Concurrent::CountDownLatch.new
# create a first_thread and let it get into the FIFO queue first
first_thread = Thread.new do
pool.with_connection { second_thread_done.wait }
end
# wait for first_thread to get in queue
Thread.pass until pool.num_waiting_in_queue == 1
# create a different, later thread, that will attempt to do a "group action",
# but because of the group action semantics it should be able to preempt the
# first_thread when a connection is made available
second_thread = Thread.new do
pool.send(group_action_method)
second_thread_done.count_down
end
# wait for second_thread to get in queue
Thread.pass until pool.num_waiting_in_queue == 2
# return the only available connection
pool.checkin(conn)
# if the second_thread is not able to preempt the first_thread,
# they will temporarily (until either of them timeouts with ConnectionTimeoutError)
# deadlock and a join(2) timeout will be reached
failed = true unless second_thread.join(2)
#--- post test clean up start
second_thread_done.count_down if failed
# after `pool.disconnect()` the first thread will be left stuck in queue, no need to wait for
# it to timeout with ConnectionTimeoutError
if (group_action_method == :disconnect || group_action_method == :disconnect!) && pool.num_waiting_in_queue > 0
pool.with_connection {} # create a new connection in case there are threads still stuck in a queue
end
first_thread.join
second_thread.join
#--- post test clean up end
flunk "#{group_action_method} is not able to preempt other waiting threads" if failed
end
end
end
def test_clear_reloadable_connections_creates_new_connections_for_waiting_threads_if_necessary
with_single_connection_pool do |pool|
conn = pool.connection # drain the only available connection
def conn.requires_reloading? # make sure it gets removed from the pool by clear_reloadable_connections
true
end
stuck_thread = Thread.new do
pool.with_connection {}
end
# wait for stuck_thread to get in queue
Thread.pass until pool.num_waiting_in_queue == 1
pool.clear_reloadable_connections
unless stuck_thread.join(2)
flunk "clear_reloadable_connections must not let other connection waiting threads get stuck in queue"
end
assert_equal 0, pool.num_waiting_in_queue
end
end
private
def with_single_connection_pool
one_conn_spec = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.spec.dup
one_conn_spec.config[:pool] = 1 # this is safe to do, because .dupped ConnectionSpecification also auto-dups its config
yield(pool = ConnectionPool.new(one_conn_spec))
ensure
pool.disconnect! if pool
end
end
end
end
|