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# Active Storage
Active Storage makes it simple to upload and reference files in cloud services, like Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage,
and attach those files to Active Records. It also provides a disk service for testing or local deployments, but the
focus is on cloud storage.
## Compatibility & Expectations
Active Storage only works with the development version of Rails 5.2+ (as of July 19, 2017). This separate repository is a staging ground for the upcoming inclusion in rails/rails prior to the Rails 5.2 release. It is not intended to be a long-term stand-alone repository.
Furthermore, this repository is likely to be in heavy flux prior to the merge to rails/rails. You're heartedly encouraged to follow along and even use Active Storage in this phase, but don't be surprised if the API suffers frequent breaking changes prior to the merge.
## Compared to other storage solutions
A key difference to how Active Storage works compared to other attachment solutions in Rails is through the use of built-in [Blob](https://github.com/rails/activestorage/blob/master/lib/active_storage/blob.rb) and [Attachment](https://github.com/rails/activestorage/blob/master/lib/active_storage/attachment.rb) models (backed by Active Record). This means existing application models do not need to be modified with additional columns to associate with files. Active Storage uses polymorphic associations via the join model of `Attachment`, which then connects to the actual `Blob`.
These `Blob` models are intended to be immutable in spirit. One file, one blob. You can associate the same blob with multiple application models as well. And if you want to do transformations of a given `Blob`, the idea is that you'll simply create a new one, rather than attempt to mutate the existing (though of course you can delete that later if you don't need it).
## Examples
One attachment:
```ruby
class User < ApplicationRecord
has_one_attached :avatar
end
user.avatar.attach io: File.open("~/face.jpg"), filename: "avatar.jpg", content_type: "image/jpg"
user.avatar.exist? # => true
user.avatar.purge
user.avatar.exist? # => false
user.avatar.service_url(expires_in: 5.minutes) # => /rails/blobs/<encoded-key>
class AvatarsController < ApplicationController
def update
Current.user.avatar.attach(params.require(:avatar))
redirect_to Current.user
end
end
```
Many attachments:
```ruby
class Message < ApplicationRecord
has_many_attached :images
end
```
```erb
<%= form_with model: @message do |form| %>
<%= form.text_field :title, placeholder: "Title" %><br>
<%= form.text_area :content %><br><br>
<%= form.file_field :images, multiple: true %><br>
<%= form.submit %>
<% end %>
```
```ruby
class MessagesController < ApplicationController
def create
message = Message.create! params.require(:message).permit(:title, :content)
message.images.attach(params[:message][:images])
redirect_to message
end
def show
# Use the built-in with_attached_images scope to avoid N+1
@message = Message.find(params[:id]).with_attached_images
end
end
```
Variation of image attachment:
```erb
<%# Hitting the variant URL will lazy transform the original blob and then redirect to its new service location %>
<%= image_tag url_for(user.avatar.variant(resize: "100x100")) %>
```
## Installation
1. Add `gem "activestorage", git: "https://github.com/rails/activestorage.git"` to your Gemfile.
2. Add `require "active_storage"` to config/application.rb, after `require "rails/all"` line.
3. Run `rails activestorage:install` to create needed directories, migrations, and configuration.
4. Configure the storage service in `config/environments/*` with `config.active_storage.service = :local`
that references the services configured in `config/storage_services.yml`.
5. Optional: Add `gem "mini_magick"` to your Gemfile if you want to use variants.
## Todos
- Document all the classes
- Convert MirrorService to use threading
- Read metadata via Marcel?
- Add Migrator to copy/move between services
## License
Active Storage is released under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
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