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Diffstat (limited to 'railties/guides/source/command_line.textile')
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/guides/source/command_line.textile | 95 |
1 files changed, 85 insertions, 10 deletions
diff --git a/railties/guides/source/command_line.textile b/railties/guides/source/command_line.textile index 0523f33b14..078eefd9df 100644 --- a/railties/guides/source/command_line.textile +++ b/railties/guides/source/command_line.textile @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Usage: ./script/generate generator [options] [args] ... Installed Generators - Builtin: controller, integration_test, mailer, migration, model, observer, performance_test, plugin, resource, scaffold, session_migration + Built-in: controller, integration_test, mailer, migration, model, observer, performance_test, plugin, resource, scaffold, session_migration ... ... @@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ Modules Example: Ah, the controller generator is expecting parameters in the form of +generate controller ControllerName action1 action2+. Let's make a +Greetings+ controller with an action of *hello*, which will say something nice to us. <shell> -$ ./script/generate controller Greeting hello +$ ./script/generate controller Greetings hello exists app/controllers/ exists app/helpers/ - create app/views/greeting + create app/views/greetings exists test/functional/ create app/controllers/greetings_controller.rb create test/functional/greetings_controller_test.rb @@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ $ ./script/generate controller Greeting hello Look there! Now what all did this generate? It looks like it made sure a bunch of directories were in our application, and created a controller file, a functional test file, a helper for the view, and a view file. -Let's check out the controller and modify it a little (in +app/controllers/greeting_controller.rb+): +Let's check out the controller and modify it a little (in +app/controllers/greetings_controller.rb+): <ruby> -class GreetingController < ApplicationController +class GreetingsController < ApplicationController def hello @message = "Hello, how are you today? I am exuberant!" end @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class GreetingController < ApplicationController end </ruby> -Then the view, to display our nice message (in +app/views/greeting/hello.html.erb+): +Then the view, to display our nice message (in +app/views/greetings/hello.html.erb+): <html> <h1>A Greeting for You!</h1> @@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ $ ./script/server => Booting WEBrick... </shell> +WARNING: Make sure that you do not have any "tilde backup" files in +app/views/(controller)+, or else WEBrick will _not_ show the expected output. This seems to be a *bug* in Rails 2.3.0. + The URL will be +http://localhost:3000/greetings/hello+. I'll wait for you to be suitably impressed. INFO: With a normal, plain-old Rails application, your URLs will generally follow the pattern of http://(host)/(controller)/(action), and a URL like http://(host)/(controller) will hit the *index* action of that controller. @@ -356,8 +358,8 @@ $ rails . --git --database=postgresql add 'Rakefile' create README add 'README' - create app/controllers/application.rb -add 'app/controllers/application.rb' + create app/controllers/application_controller_.rb +add 'app/controllers/application_controller_.rb' create app/helpers/application_helper.rb ... create log/test.log @@ -464,7 +466,7 @@ We take whatever args are supplied, save them to an instance variable, and liter * Check there's a *public* directory. You bet there is. * Run the ERb template called "tutorial.erb". * Save it into "RAILS_ROOT/public/tutorial.txt". -* Pass in the args we saved through the +:assign+ parameter. +* Pass in the arguments we saved through the +:assign+ parameter. Next we'll build the template: @@ -508,4 +510,77 @@ I got assigned some args: :command=>:create}] </shell> -Tada!
\ No newline at end of file +Tada! + +h4. Rake is Ruby Make + +Rake is a standalone Ruby utility that replaces the Unix utility 'make', and uses a 'Rakefile' and +.rake+ files to build up a list of tasks. In Rails, Rake is used for common administration tasks, especially sophisticated ones that build off of each other. + +You can get a list of Rake tasks available to you, which will often depend on your current directory, by typing +rake --tasks+. Each task has a description, and should help you find the thing you need. + +<shell> + rake --tasks +(in /home/developer/commandsapp) +rake db:abort_if_pending_migrations # Raises an error if there are pending migrations +rake db:charset # Retrieves the charset for the current environment's database +rake db:collation # Retrieves the collation for the current environment's database +rake db:create # Create the database defined in config/database.yml for the current RAILS_ENV +... +... +rake tmp:pids:clear # Clears all files in tmp/pids +rake tmp:sessions:clear # Clears all files in tmp/sessions +rake tmp:sockets:clear # Clears all files in tmp/sockets +</shell> + +Let's take a look at some of these 80 or so rake tasks. + +h5. db: Database + +The most common tasks of the +db:+ Rake namespace are +migrate+ and +create+, and it will pay off to try out all of the migration rake tasks (+up+, +down+, +redo+, +reset+). +rake db:version+ is useful when troubleshooting, telling you the current version of the database. + +h5. doc: Documentation + +If you want to strip out or rebuild any of the Rails documentation (including this guide!), the +doc:+ namespace has the tools. Stripping documentation is mainly useful for slimming your codebase, like if you're writing a Rails application for an embedded platform. + +h5. gems: Ruby gems + +You can specify which gems your application uses, and +rake gems:install+ will install them for you. Look at your environment.rb to learn how with the *config.gem* directive. + +NOTE: +gems:unpack+ will unpack, that is internalize your application's Gem dependencies by copying the Gem code into your vendor/gems directory. By doing this you increase your codebase size, but simplify installation on new hosts by eliminating the need to run +rake gems:install+, or finding and installing the gems your application uses. + +h5. notes: Code note enumeration + +These tasks will search through your code for commented lines beginning with "FIXME", "OPTIMIZE", "TODO", or any custom annotation (like XXX) and show you them. + +h5. rails: Rails-specific tasks + +In addition to the +gems:unpack+ task above, you can also unpack the Rails backend specific gems into vendor/rails by calling +rake rails:freeze:gems+, to unpack the version of Rails you are currently using, or +rake rails:freeze:edge+ to unpack the most recent (cutting, bleeding edge) version. + +When you have frozen the Rails gems, Rails will prefer to use the code in vendor/rails instead of the system Rails gems. You can "thaw" by running +rake rails:unfreeze+. + +After upgrading Rails, it is useful to run +rails:update+, which will update your config and scripts directories, and upgrade your Rails-specific javascript (like Scriptaculous). + +h5. test: Rails tests + +INFO: A good description of unit testing in Rails is given in "A Guide to Testing Rails Applications":testing.html + +Rails comes with a test suite called Test::Unit. It is through the use of tests that Rails itself is so stable, and the slew of people working on Rails can prove that everything works as it should. + +The +test:+ namespace helps in running the different tests you will (hopefully!) write. + +h5. time: Timezones + +You can list all the timezones Rails knows about with +rake time:zones:all+, which is useful just in day-to-day life. + +h5. tmp: Temporary files + +The tmp directory is, like in the *nix /tmp directory, the holding place for temporary files like sessions (if you're using a file store for files), process id files, and cached actions. The +tmp:+ namespace tasks will help you clear them if you need to if they've become overgrown, or create them in case of an +rm -rf *+ gone awry. + +h5. Miscellaneous tasks + + +rake stats+ is great for looking at statistics on your code, displaying things like KLOCs (thousands of lines of code) and your code to test ratio. + + +rake secret+ will give you a psuedo-random key to use for your session secret. + + +rake routes+ will list all of your defined routes, which is useful for tracking down routing problems in your app, or giving you a good overview of the URLs in an app you're trying to get familiar with. + |