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| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html | 164 |
1 files changed, 82 insertions, 82 deletions
diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html b/railties/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html index 8d9cbad381..037714db78 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html +++ b/railties/doc/guides/html/layouts_and_rendering.html @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Call <tt>head</tt> to create a response consisting solely of HTTP headers to sen <h3 id="_rendering_by_default_convention_over_configuration_in_action">2.1. Rendering by Default: Convention Over Configuration in Action</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You’ve heard that Rails promotes "convention over configuration." Default rendering is an excellent example of this. By default, controllers in Rails automatically render views with names that correspond to actions. For example, if you have this code in your <tt>BooksController</tt> class:</p></div>
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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_nothing">2.2.1. Rendering Nothing</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Perhaps the simplest thing you can do with <tt>render</tt> is to render nothing at all:</p></div>
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@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_an_action_8217_s_view">2.2.2. Rendering an Action’s View</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to render the view that corresponds to a different action within the same template, you can use <tt>render</tt> with the name of the view:</p></div>
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@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>If the call to <tt>update_attributes</tt> fails, calling the <tt>update</tt> action in this controller will render the <tt>edit.html.erb</tt> template belonging to the same controller.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you prefer, you can use a symbol instead of a string to specify the action to render:</p></div>
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@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To be explicit, you can use <tt>render</tt> with the <tt>:action</tt> option (though this is no longer necessary as of Rails 2.3):</p></div>
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@@ -228,14 +228,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_an_action_8217_s_template_from_another_controller">2.2.3. Rendering an Action’s Template from Another Controller</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>What if you want to render a template from an entirely different controller from the one that contains the action code? You can also do that with <tt>render</tt>, which accepts the full path (relative to <tt>app/views</tt>) of the template to render. For example, if you’re running code in an <tt>AdminProductsController</tt> that lives in <tt>app/controllers/admin</tt>, you can render the results of an action to a template in <tt>app/views/products</tt> this way:</p></div>
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<pre><tt>render <span style="color: #FF0000">'products/show'</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails knows that this view belongs to a different controller because of the embedded slash character in the string. If you want to be explicit, you can use the <tt>:template</tt> option (which was required on Rails 2.2 and earlier):</p></div>
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@@ -243,14 +243,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_an_arbitrary_file">2.2.4. Rendering an Arbitrary File</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>render</tt> method can also use a view that’s entirely outside of your application (perhaps you’re sharing views between two Rails applications):</p></div>
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<pre><tt>render <span style="color: #FF0000">"/u/apps/warehouse_app/current/app/views/products/show"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails determines that this is a file render because of the leading slash character. To be explicit, you can use the <tt>:file</tt> option (which was required on Rails 2.2 and earlier):</p></div>
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@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_using_tt_render_tt_with_tt_inline_tt">2.2.5. Using <tt>render</tt> with <tt>:inline</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>render</tt> method can do without a view completely, if you’re willing to use the <tt>:inline</tt> option to supply ERB as part of the method call. This is perfectly valid:</p></div>
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@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, inline rendering uses ERb. You can force it to use Builder instead with the <tt>:type</tt> option:</p></div>
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@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_using_tt_render_tt_with_tt_update_tt">2.2.6. Using <tt>render</tt> with <tt>:update</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also render javascript-based page updates inline using the <tt>:update</tt> option to <tt>render</tt>:</p></div>
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@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_text">2.2.7. Rendering Text</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can send plain text - with no markup at all - back to the browser by using the <tt>:text</tt> option to <tt>render</tt>:</p></div>
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@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_json">2.2.8. Rendering JSON</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>JSON is a javascript data format used by many AJAX libraries. Rails has built-in support for converting objects to JSON and rendering that JSON back to the browser:</p></div>
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@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_xml">2.2.9. Rendering XML</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails also has built-in support for converting objects to XML and rendering that XML back to the caller:</p></div>
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@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_rendering_vanilla_javascript">2.2.10. Rendering Vanilla JavaScript</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails can render vanilla JavaScript (as an alternative to using <tt>update</tt> with n <tt>.rjs</tt> file):</p></div>
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@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h5 id="_the_tt_content_type_tt_option">The <tt>:content_type</tt> Option</h5>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Rails will serve the results of a rendering operation with the MIME content-type of <tt>text/html</tt> (or <tt>application/json</tt> if you use the <tt>:json</tt> option, or <tt>application/xml</tt> for the <tt>:xml</tt> option.). There are times when you might like to change this, and you can do so by setting the <tt>:content_type</tt> option:</p></div>
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@@ -414,14 +414,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>With most of the options to <tt>render</tt>, the rendered content is displayed as part of the current layout. You’ll learn more about layouts and how to use them later in this guide.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the <tt>:layout</tt> option to tell Rails to use a specific file as the layout for the current action:</p></div>
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<pre><tt>render <span style="color: #990000">:</span>layout <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'special_layout'</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also tell Rails to render with no layout at all:</p></div>
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@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h5 id="_the_tt_status_tt_option">The <tt>:status</tt> Option</h5>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails will automatically generate a response with the correct HTML status code (in most cases, this is <tt>200 OK</tt>). You can use the <tt>:status</tt> option to change this:</p></div>
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@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ render <span style="color: #990000">:</span>status <span style="color: #990000"> <h5 id="_the_tt_location_tt_option">The <tt>:location</tt> Option</h5>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the <tt>:location</tt> option to set the HTTP <tt>Location</tt> header:</p></div>
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@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h5 id="_specifying_layouts_on_a_per_controller_basis">Specifying Layouts on a per-Controller Basis</h5>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can override the automatic layout conventions in your controllers by using the <tt>layout</tt> declaration in the controller. For example:</p></div>
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@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>With this declaration, all methods within <tt>ProductsController</tt> will use <tt>app/views/layouts/inventory.html.erb</tt> for their layout.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To assign a specific layout for the entire application, use a declaration in your <tt>ApplicationController</tt> class:</p></div>
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@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h5 id="_choosing_layouts_at_runtime">Choosing Layouts at Runtime</h5>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use a symbol to defer the choice of layout until a request is processed:</p></div>
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@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now, if the current user is a special user, they’ll get a special layout when viewing a product. You can even use an inline method to determine the layout:</p></div>
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@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ end</tt></pre> <div class="paragraph"><p>Layouts are shared downwards in the hierarchy, and more specific layouts always override more general ones. For example:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>application_controller.rb</tt>:</p></div>
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<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>posts_controller.rb</tt>:</p></div>
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@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>special_posts_controller.rb</tt>:</p></div>
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@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>old_posts_controller.rb</tt>:</p></div>
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@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ In general, views will be rendered in the <tt>main</tt> layout <div class="paragraph"><p>Sooner or later, most Rails developers will see the error message "Can only render or redirect once per action". While this is annoying, it’s relatively easy to fix. Usually it happens because of a fundamental misunderstanding of the way that <tt>render</tt> works.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, here’s some code that will trigger this error:</p></div>
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@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <tt>@book.special?</tt> evaluates to <tt>true</tt>, Rails will start the rendering process to dump the <tt>@book</tt> variable into the <tt>special_show</tt> view. But this will <em>not</em> stop the rest of the code in the <tt>show</tt> action from running, and when Rails hits the end of the action, it will start to render the <tt>show</tt> view - and throw an error. The solution is simple: make sure that you only have one call to <tt>render</tt> or <tt>redirect</tt> in a single code path. One thing that can help is <tt>and return</tt>. Here’s a patched version of the method:</p></div>
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@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h3 id="_using_tt_redirect_to_tt">2.3. Using <tt>redirect_to</tt></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Another way to handle returning responses to a HTTP request is with <tt>redirect_to</tt>. As you’ve seen, <tt>render</tt> tells Rails which view (or other asset) to use in constructing a response. The <tt>redirect_to</tt> method does something completely different: it tells the browser to send a new request for a different URL. For example, you could redirect from wherever you are in your code to the index of photos in your application with this call:</p></div>
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@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>Sometimes inexperienced developers conceive of <tt>redirect_to</tt> as a sort of <tt>goto</tt> command, moving execution from one place to another in your Rails code. This is <em>not</em> correct. Your code stops running and waits for a new request for the browser. It just happens that you’ve told the browser what request it should make next, by sending back a HTTP 302 status code.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Consider these actions to see the difference:</p></div>
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@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>With the code in this form, there will be likely be a problem if the <tt>@book</tt> variable is <tt>nil</tt>. Remember, a <tt>render :action</tt> doesn’t run any code in the target action, so nothing will set up the <tt>@books</tt> variable that the <tt>index</tt> view is presumably depending on. One way to fix this is to redirect instead of rendering:</p></div>
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@@ -672,14 +672,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h3 id="_using_tt_head_tt_to_build_header_only_responses">2.4. Using <tt>head</tt> To Build Header-Only Responses</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>head</tt> method exists to let you send back responses to the browser that have only headers. It provides a more obvious alternative to calling <tt>render :nothing</tt>. The <tt>head</tt> method takes one response, which is interpreted as a hash of header names and values. For example, you can return only an error header:</p></div>
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<pre><tt>head <span style="color: #990000">:</span>bad_request</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Or you can use other HTTP headers to convey additional information:</p></div>
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@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ image_tag <h4 id="_linking_to_feeds_with_tt_auto_discovery_link_tag_tt">3.1.1. Linking to Feeds with <tt>auto_discovery_link_tag</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>auto_discovery_link_tag helper builds HTML that most browsers and newsreaders can use to detect the presences of RSS or ATOM feeds. It takes the type of the link (</tt>:rss+ or <tt>:atom</tt>), a hash of options that are passed through to url_for, and a hash of options for the tag:</p></div>
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@@ -768,63 +768,63 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_linking_to_javascript_files_with_tt_javascript_include_tag_tt">3.1.2. Linking to Javascript Files with <tt>javascript_include_tag</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>javascript_include_tag</tt> helper returns an HTML <tt><script></tt> tag for each source provided. Rails looks in <tt>public/javascripts</tt> for these files by default, but you can specify a full path relative to the document root, or a URL, if you prefer. For example, to include <tt>public/javascripts/main.js</tt>:</p></div>
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<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag "main" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>public/javascripts/main.js</tt> and <tt>public/javascripts/columns.js</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag "main", "columns" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>public/javascripts/main.js</tt> and <tt>public/photos/columns.js</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag "main", "/photos/columns" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>http://example.com/main.js</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag "http://example.com/main.js" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>defaults</tt> option loads the Prototype and Scriptaculous libraries:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
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+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag :defaults %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>all</tt> option loads every javascript file in <tt>public/javascripts</tt>, starting with the Prototype and Scriptaculous libraries:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag :all %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can supply the <tt>:recursive</tt> option to load files in subfolders of <tt>public/javascripts</tt> as well:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag :all, :recursive =></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you’re loading multiple javascript files, you can create a better user experience by combining multiple files into a single download. To make this happen in production, specify <tt>:cache => true</tt> in your <tt>javascript_include_tag</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= javascript_include_tag "main", "columns", :cache =></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the combined file will be delivered as <tt>javascripts/all.js</tt>. You can specify a location for the cached asset file instead:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -833,63 +833,63 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_linking_to_css_files_with_tt_stylesheet_link_tag_tt">3.1.3. Linking to CSS Files with <tt>stylesheet_link_tag</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>stylesheet_link_tag</tt> helper returns an HTML <tt><link></tt> tag for each source provided. Rails looks in <tt>public/stylesheets</tt> for these files by default, but you can specify a full path relative to the document root, or a URL, if you prefer. For example, to include <tt>public/stylesheets/main.cs</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "main" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>public/stylesheets/main.css</tt> and <tt>public/stylesheets/columns.css</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "main", "columns" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>public/stylesheets/main.css</tt> and <tt>public/photos/columns.css</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "main", "/photos/columns" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To include <tt>http://example.com/main.cs</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "http://example.com/main.cs" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, <tt>stylesheet_link_tag</tt> creates links with <tt>media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"</tt>. You can override any of these defaults by specifying an appropriate option (:media, :rel, or :type):</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "main_print", media =></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"print"</span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>all</tt> option links every CSS file in <tt>public/stylesheets</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag :all %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can supply the <tt>:recursive</tt> option to link files in subfolders of <tt>public/stylesheets</tt> as well:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag :all, :recursive =></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you’re loading multiple CSS files, you can create a better user experience by combining multiple files into a single download. To make this happen in production, specify <tt>:cache => true</tt> in your <tt>stylesheet_link_tag</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= stylesheet_link_tag "main", "columns", :cache =></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the combined file will be delivered as <tt>stylesheets/all.css</tt>. You can specify a location for the cached asset file instead:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -898,21 +898,21 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_linking_to_images_with_tt_image_tag_tt">3.1.4. Linking to Images with <tt>image_tag</tt></h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>image_tag</tt> helper builds an HTML <tt><image></tt> tag to the specified file. By default, files are loaded from <tt>public/images</tt>. If you don’t specify an extension, .png is assumed by default:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= image_tag "header" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can supply a path to the image if you like:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= image_tag "icons/delete.gif" %></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can supply a hash of additional HTML options:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h3 id="_understanding_tt_yield_tt">3.2. Understanding <tt>yield</tt></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Within the context of a layout, <tt>yield</tt> identifies a section where content from the view should be inserted. The simplest way to use this is to have a single <tt>yield</tt>, into which the entire contents of the view currently being rendered is inserted:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"></html></span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also create a layout with multiple yielding regions:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h3 id="_using_tt_content_for_tt">3.3. Using <tt>content_for</tt></h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>content_for</tt> method allows you to insert content into a <tt>yield</tt> block in your layout. You only use <tt>content_for</tt> to insert content in named yields. For example, this view would work with the layout that you just saw:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"><p></span></span>Hello, Rails!<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"></p></span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The result of rendering this page into the supplied layout would be this HTML:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -995,14 +995,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_naming_partials">3.4.1. Naming Partials</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To render a partial as part of a view, you use the <tt>render</tt> method within the view, and include the <tt>:partial</tt> option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="color: #FF0000"><%= render :partial =></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"menu"</span> <span style="color: #990000">%></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This will render a file named <tt>_menu.html.erb</tt> at that point within the view being rendered. Note the leading underscore character: partials are named with a leading underscore to distinguish them from regular views, even though they are referred to without the underscore. This holds true even when you’re pulling in a partial from another folder:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_using_partials_to_simplify_views">3.4.2. Using Partials to Simplify Views</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>One way to use partials is to treat them as the equivalent of subroutines: as a way to move details out of a view so that you can grasp what’s going on more easily. For example, you might have a view that looked like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_partial_layouts">3.4.3. Partial Layouts</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>A partial can use its own layout file, just as a view can use a layout. For example, you might call a partial like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can also pass local variables into partials, making them even more powerful and flexible. For example, you can use this technique to reduce duplication between new and edit pages, while still keeping a bit of distinct content:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>new.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <%= render :partial => "form", :locals => { :button_label => "Create zone", :zone => @zone } %></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>edit.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <%= render :partial => "form", :locals => { :button_label => "Update zone", :zone => @zone } %></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>_form.html.erb:</tt></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>Although the same partial will be rendered into both views, the label on the submit button is controlled by a local variable passed into the partial.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Every partial also has a local variable with the same name as the partial (minus the underscore). You can pass an object in to this local variable via the <tt>:object</tt> option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you have an instance of a model to render into a partial, you can use a shorthand syntax:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>Partials are very useful in rendering collections. When you pass a collection to a partial via the <tt>:collection</tt> option, the partial will be inserted once for each member in the collection:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>index.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1113,14 +1113,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <%= render :partial => "product", :collection => @products %></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>_product.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"><p></span></span>Product Name: <%= product.name %><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"></p></span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When a partial is called with a pluralized collection, then the individual instances of the partial have access to the member of the collection being rendered via a variable named after the partial. In this case, the partial is <tt>_product, and within the +_product</tt> partial, you can refer to <tt>product</tt> to get the instance that is being rendered. To use a custom local variable name within the partial, specify the <tt>:as</tt> option in the call to the partial:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can also specify a second partial to be rendered between instances of the main partial by using the <tt>:spacer_template</tt> option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>There’s also a shorthand syntax available for rendering collections. For example, if <tt>@products</tt> is a collection of products, you can render the collection this way:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>index.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <%= render :partial => @products %></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>_product.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>Rails determines the name of the partial to use by looking at the model name in the collection. In fact, you can even create a heterogeneous collection and render it this way, and Rails will choose the proper partial for each member of the collection:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>index.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1169,14 +1169,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <%= render :partial => [customer1, employee1, customer2, employee2] %></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>_customer.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"><p></span></span>Name: <%= customer.name %><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF"></p></span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>_employee.html.erb</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you have the follow ApplicationController layout:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>app/views/layouts/application.erb</tt></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>On pages generated by NewsController, you want to hide the top menu and add a right menu:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>app/views/layouts/news.erb</tt></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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