diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'actionpack')
| -rw-r--r-- | actionpack/CHANGELOG.md | 27 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb | 128 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb | 297 |
3 files changed, 252 insertions, 200 deletions
diff --git a/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md b/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md index 1cfd633606..f2229d61fb 100644 --- a/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/actionpack/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1,3 +1,30 @@ +* Make it easier to opt in to `config.force_ssl` and `config.ssl_options` by + making them less dangerous to try and easier to disable. + + SSL redirect: + * Move `:host` and `:port` options within `redirect: { … }`. Deprecate. + * Introduce `:status` and `:body` to customize the redirect response. + The 301 permanent default makes it difficult to test the redirect and + back out of it since browsers remember the 301. Test with a 302 or 307 + instead, then switch to 301 once you're confident that all is well. + + HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS): + * Shorter max-age. Shorten the default max-age from 1 year to 180 days, + the low end for https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/ grading and greater + than the 18-week minimum to qualify for browser preload lists. + * Disabling HSTS. Setting `hsts: false` now sets `hsts { expires: 0 }` + instead of omitting the header. Omitting does nothing to disable HSTS + since browsers hang on to your previous settings until they expire. + Sending `{ hsts: { expires: 0 }}` flushes out old browser settings and + actually disables HSTS: + http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1.1 + * HSTS Preload. Introduce `preload: true` to set the `preload` flag, + indicating that your site may be included in browser preload lists, + including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, IE11, and Edge. Submit your site: + https://hstspreload.appspot.com + + *Jeremy Daer* + * Update `ActionController::TestSession#fetch` to behave more like `ActionDispatch::Request::Session#fetch` when using non-string keys. diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb index 7b3d8bcc5b..b72953f1d1 100644 --- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb +++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb @@ -1,72 +1,128 @@ module ActionDispatch + # This middleware is added to the stack when `config.force_ssl = true`. + # It does three jobs to enforce secure HTTP requests: + # + # 1. TLS redirect. http:// requests are permanently redirected to https:// + # with the same URL host, path, etc. Pass `:host` and/or `:port` to + # modify the destination URL. This is always enabled. + # + # 2. Secure cookies. Sets the `secure` flag on cookies to tell browsers they + # mustn't be sent along with http:// requests. This is always enabled. + # + # 3. HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS). Tells the browser to remember + # this site as TLS-only and automatically redirect non-TLS requests. + # Enabled by default. Pass `hsts: false` to disable. + # + # Configure HSTS with `hsts: { … }`: + # * `expires`: How long, in seconds, these settings will stick. Defaults to + # `18.weeks`, the minimum required to qualify for browser preload lists. + # * `subdomains`: Set to `true` to tell the browser to apply these settings + # to all subdomains. This protects your cookies from interception by a + # vulnerable site on a subdomain. Defaults to `false`. + # * `preload`: Advertise that this site may be included in browsers' + # preloaded HSTS lists. HSTS protects your site on every visit *except the + # first visit* since it hasn't seen your HSTS header yet. To close this + # gap, browser vendors include a baked-in list of HSTS-enabled sites. + # Go to https://hstspreload.appspot.com to submit your site for inclusion. + # + # Disabling HSTS: To turn off HSTS, omitting the header is not enough. + # Browsers will remember the original HSTS directive until it expires. + # Instead, use the header to tell browsers to expire HSTS immediately. + # Setting `hsts: false` is a shortcut for `hsts: { expires: 0 }`. class SSL - YEAR = 31536000 + # Default to 180 days, the low end for https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/ + # and greater than the 18-week requirement for browser preload lists. + HSTS_EXPIRES_IN = 15552000 def self.default_hsts_options - { :expires => YEAR, :subdomains => false } + { expires: HSTS_EXPIRES_IN, subdomains: false, preload: false } end - def initialize(app, options = {}) + def initialize(app, redirect: {}, hsts: {}, **options) @app = app - @hsts = options.fetch(:hsts, {}) - @hsts = {} if @hsts == true - @hsts = self.class.default_hsts_options.merge(@hsts) if @hsts + if options[:host] || options[:port] + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn <<-end_warning.strip_heredoc + The `:host` and `:port` options are moving within `:redirect`: + `config.ssl_options = { redirect: { host: …, port: … }}`. + end_warning + @redirect = options.slice(:host, :port) + else + @redirect = redirect + end - @host = options[:host] - @port = options[:port] + @hsts_header = build_hsts_header(normalize_hsts_options(hsts)) end def call(env) - request = Request.new(env) + request = Request.new env if request.ssl? - status, headers, body = @app.call(env) - headers.reverse_merge!(hsts_headers) - flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers) - [status, headers, body] + @app.call(env).tap do |status, headers, body| + set_hsts_header! headers + flag_cookies_as_secure! headers + end else - redirect_to_https(request) + redirect_to_https request end end private - def redirect_to_https(request) - host = @host || request.host - port = @port || request.port - - location = "https://#{host}" - location << ":#{port}" if port != 80 - location << request.fullpath - - headers = { 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Location' => location } - - [301, headers, []] + def set_hsts_header!(headers) + headers['Strict-Transport-Security'.freeze] ||= @hsts_header end - # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hodges-strict-transport-sec-02 - def hsts_headers - if @hsts - value = "max-age=#{@hsts[:expires].to_i}" - value += "; includeSubDomains" if @hsts[:subdomains] - { 'Strict-Transport-Security' => value } + def normalize_hsts_options(options) + case options + # Explicitly disabling HSTS clears the existing setting from browsers + # by setting expiry to 0. + when false + self.class.default_hsts_options.merge(expires: 0) + # Default to enabled, with default options. + when nil, true + self.class.default_hsts_options else - {} + self.class.default_hsts_options.merge(options) end end + # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797#section-6.1 + def build_hsts_header(hsts) + value = "max-age=#{hsts[:expires].to_i}" + value << "; includeSubDomains" if hsts[:subdomains] + value << "; preload" if hsts[:preload] + value + end + def flag_cookies_as_secure!(headers) - if cookies = headers['Set-Cookie'] - cookies = cookies.split("\n") + if cookies = headers['Set-Cookie'.freeze] + cookies = cookies.split("\n".freeze) - headers['Set-Cookie'] = cookies.map { |cookie| + headers['Set-Cookie'.freeze] = cookies.map { |cookie| if cookie !~ /;\s*secure\s*(;|$)/i "#{cookie}; secure" else cookie end - }.join("\n") + }.join("\n".freeze) end end + + def redirect_to_https(request) + [ @redirect.fetch(:status, 301), + { 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', + 'Location' => https_location_for(request) }, + @redirect.fetch(:body, []) ] + end + + def https_location_for(request) + host = @redirect[:host] || request.host + port = @redirect[:port] || request.port + + location = "https://#{host}" + location << ":#{port}" if port != 80 && port != 443 + location << request.fullpath + location + end end end diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb index 017e9ba2dd..7a5b8393dc 100644 --- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb +++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb @@ -1,230 +1,199 @@ require 'abstract_unit' class SSLTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest - def default_app - lambda { |env| - headers = {'Content-Type' => "text/html"} - headers['Set-Cookie'] = "id=1; path=/\ntoken=abc; path=/; secure; HttpOnly" - [200, headers, ["OK"]] + HEADERS = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new 'Content-Type' => 'text/html' + + attr_accessor :app + + def build_app(headers: {}, ssl_options: {}) + headers = HEADERS.merge(headers) + ActionDispatch::SSL.new lambda { |env| [200, headers, []] }, ssl_options + end +end + +class RedirectSSLTest < SSLTest + def assert_not_redirected(url, headers: {}) + self.app = build_app + get url, headers: headers + assert_response :ok + end + + def assert_redirected(host: nil, port: nil, status: 301, body: [], + deprecated_host: nil, deprecated_port: nil, + from: 'http://a/b?c=d', to: from.sub('http', 'https')) + + self.app = build_app ssl_options: { + redirect: { host: host, port: port, status: status, body: body }, + host: deprecated_host, port: deprecated_port } + + get from + assert_response status + assert_redirected_to to + assert_equal body.join, @response.body end - def app - @app ||= ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app) + test 'https is not redirected' do + assert_not_redirected 'https://example.org' end - attr_writer :app - def test_allows_https_url - get "https://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_response :success + test 'proxied https is not redirected' do + assert_not_redirected 'http://example.org', headers: { 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO' => 'https' } end - def test_allows_https_proxy_header_url - get "http://example.org/", headers: { 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO' => "https" } - assert_response :success + test 'http is redirected to https' do + assert_redirected end - def test_redirects_http_to_https - get "http://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_response :redirect - assert_equal "https://example.org/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + test 'redirect with non-301 status' do + assert_redirected status: 307 end - def test_hsts_header_by_default - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "max-age=31536000", - response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect with custom body' do + assert_redirected body: ['foo'] end - def test_no_hsts_with_insecure_connection - get "http://example.org/" - assert_not response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect to specific host' do + assert_redirected host: 'ssl', to: 'https://ssl/b?c=d' end - def test_hsts_header - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :hsts => true) - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "max-age=31536000", - response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect to default port' do + assert_redirected port: 443 end - def test_disable_hsts_header - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :hsts => false) - get "https://example.org/" - assert_not response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect to non-default port' do + assert_redirected port: 8443, to: 'https://a:8443/b?c=d' end - def test_hsts_expires - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :hsts => { :expires => 500 }) - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "max-age=500", - response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect to different host and non-default port' do + assert_redirected host: 'ssl', port: 8443, to: 'https://ssl:8443/b?c=d' end - def test_hsts_expires_with_duration - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :hsts => { :expires => 1.year }) - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "max-age=31557600", - response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test 'redirect to different host including port' do + assert_redirected host: 'ssl:443', to: 'https://ssl:443/b?c=d' end - def test_hsts_include_subdomains - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :hsts => { :subdomains => true }) - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains", - response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] + test ':host is deprecated, moved within redirect: { host: … }' do + assert_deprecated do + assert_redirected deprecated_host: 'foo', to: 'https://foo/b?c=d' + end end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["id=1; path=/; secure", "token=abc; path=/; secure; HttpOnly" ], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test ':port is deprecated, moved within redirect: { port: … }' do + assert_deprecated do + assert_redirected deprecated_port: 1, to: 'https://a:1/b?c=d' + end end +end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_at_end_of_line - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) +class StrictTransportSecurityTest < SSLTest + EXPECTED = 'max-age=15552000' - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + def assert_hsts(expected, url: 'https://example.org', hsts: {}, headers: {}) + self.app = build_app ssl_options: { hsts: hsts }, headers: headers + get url + assert_equal expected, response.headers['Strict-Transport-Security'] end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_more_spaces_before - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) + test 'enabled by default' do + assert_hsts EXPECTED + end - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test 'not sent with http:// responses' do + assert_hsts nil, url: 'http://example.org' end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_more_spaces_after - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/; secure; HttpOnly" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) + test 'defers to app-provided header' do + assert_hsts 'app-provided', headers: { 'Strict-Transport-Security' => 'app-provided' } + end - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/; secure; HttpOnly"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test 'hsts: true enables default settings' do + assert_hsts EXPECTED, hsts: true end + test 'hsts: false sets max-age to zero, clearing browser HSTS settings' do + assert_hsts 'max-age=0', hsts: false + end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_has_not_spaces_before - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/;secure; HttpOnly" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) + test ':expires sets max-age' do + assert_hsts 'max-age=500', hsts: { expires: 500 } + end - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/;secure; HttpOnly"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test ':expires supports AS::Duration arguments' do + assert_hsts 'max-age=31557600', hsts: { expires: 1.year } end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_has_not_spaces_after - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/; secure;HttpOnly" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) + test 'include subdomains' do + assert_hsts "#{EXPECTED}; includeSubDomains", hsts: { subdomains: true } + end - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/; secure;HttpOnly"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test 'exclude subdomains' do + assert_hsts EXPECTED, hsts: { subdomains: false } end - def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_ignore_case - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - headers = { - 'Content-Type' => "text/html", - 'Set-Cookie' => "problem=def; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly" - } - [200, headers, ["OK"]] - }) + test 'opt in to browser preload lists' do + assert_hsts "#{EXPECTED}; preload", hsts: { preload: true } + end - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal ["problem=def; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly"], - response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + test 'opt out of browser preload lists' do + assert_hsts EXPECTED, hsts: { preload: false } end +end - def test_no_cookies - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| - [200, {'Content-Type' => "text/html"}, ["OK"]] - }) - get "https://example.org/" - assert !response.headers['Set-Cookie'] +class SecureCookiesTest < SSLTest + DEFAULT = %(id=1; path=/\ntoken=abc; path=/; secure; HttpOnly) + + def get(**options) + self.app = build_app(**options) + super 'https://example.org' + end + + def assert_cookies(*expected) + assert_equal expected, response.headers['Set-Cookie'].split("\n") + end + + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => DEFAULT } + assert_cookies 'id=1; path=/; secure', 'token=abc; path=/; secure; HttpOnly' end - def test_redirect_to_host - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org") - get "http://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://ssl.example.org/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_at_end_of_line + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure' + end + + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_more_spaces_before + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/; HttpOnly; secure' end - def test_redirect_to_port - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :port => 8443) - get "http://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://example.org:8443/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_more_spaces_after + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/; secure; HttpOnly' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/; secure; HttpOnly' end - def test_redirect_to_host_and_port - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org", :port => 8443) - get "http://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://ssl.example.org:8443/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_has_not_spaces_before + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/;secure; HttpOnly' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/;secure; HttpOnly' end - def test_redirect_to_host_with_port - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org:443") - get "http://example.org/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://ssl.example.org:443/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_has_not_spaces_after + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/; secure;HttpOnly' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/; secure;HttpOnly' end - def test_redirect_to_secure_host_when_on_subdomain - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org") - get "http://ssl.example.org/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://ssl.example.org/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_flag_cookies_as_secure_with_ignore_case + get headers: { 'Set-Cookie' => 'problem=def; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly' } + assert_cookies 'problem=def; path=/; Secure; HttpOnly' end - def test_redirect_to_secure_subdomain_when_on_deep_subdomain - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "example.co.uk") - get "http://double.rainbow.what.does.it.mean.example.co.uk/path?key=value" - assert_equal "https://example.co.uk/path?key=value", - response.headers['Location'] + def test_no_cookies + get + assert_nil response.headers['Set-Cookie'] end def test_keeps_original_headers_behavior - headers = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new( - "Content-Type" => "text/html", - "Connection" => ["close"] - ) - self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(lambda { |env| [200, headers, ["OK"]] }) - - get "https://example.org/" - assert_equal "close", response.headers["Connection"] + get headers: { 'Connection' => %w[close] } + assert_equal 'close', response.headers['Connection'] end end |