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-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra.rb2
-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra/extensions/base.rb54
-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra/extensions/hash.rb7
-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra/relations/relation.rb15
-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/equals_condition_builder.rb2
-rw-r--r--lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/order_builder.rb2
-rw-r--r--spec/integration/debug.log1581
-rw-r--r--spec/integration/scratch_spec.rb246
-rw-r--r--spec/spec_helper.rb2
-rw-r--r--spec/sql_builder/conditions_spec.rb2
-rw-r--r--spec/sql_builder/select_builder_spec.rb2
11 files changed, 287 insertions, 1628 deletions
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra.rb b/lib/sql_algebra.rb
index 475bb23138..fbd053541c 100644
--- a/lib/sql_algebra.rb
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra.rb
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ require 'sql_algebra/predicates/match_predicate'
require 'sql_algebra/extensions/range'
require 'sql_algebra/extensions/object'
require 'sql_algebra/extensions/array'
+require 'sql_algebra/extensions/base'
+require 'sql_algebra/extensions/hash'
require 'sql_algebra/sql_builder/sql_builder'
require 'sql_algebra/sql_builder/select_builder'
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/base.rb b/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/base.rb
index 0143caf23d..0dbdef703f 100644
--- a/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/base.rb
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/base.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,47 @@
class ActiveRecord::Base
- def self.bring_forth(record, includes = [])
- object = cache.get(record % klass.primary_key) { Klass.instantiate(record % Klass.attributes) }
- includes.each do |include|
- case include
- when Symbol
- object.send(association = include).bring_forth(record)
- when Hash
- include.each do |association, nested_associations|
- object.send(association).bring_forth(record, nested_associations)
- end
- end
+ class << self
+ def cache
+ @identity_map ||= IdentityMap.new
end
+
+ def relation
+ @relation ||= TableRelation.new(table_name)
+ end
+ end
+
+ class IdentityMap
+ def initialize
+ @map = {}
+ end
+
+ def get(record, &block)
+ @map[record] ||= yield
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Associations::BelongsToAssociation
+ def instantiate(record, joins = [])
+ @target = proxy_reflection.klass.instantiate(record, joins)
+ loaded
+ end
+
+ # this basically disables belongs_to from loading themselves
+ def reload
+ @target = 'hack'
+ end
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Associations::AssociationCollection
+ def instantiate(record, joins = [])
+ @target << proxy_reflection.klass.instantiate(record, joins)
+ loaded # technically, this isn't true. doesn't matter though
+ end
+end
+
+class ActiveRecord::Associations::HasManyThroughAssociation
+ def instantiate(record, joins = [])
+ @target << proxy_reflection.klass.instantiate(record, joins)
+ loaded # again, not really true.
end
end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/hash.rb b/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/hash.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c83ee0d04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra/extensions/hash.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class Hash
+ def alias(&block)
+ inject({}) do |aliased, (key, value)|
+ aliased.merge(yield(key) => value)
+ end
+ end
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra/relations/relation.rb b/lib/sql_algebra/relations/relation.rb
index 13742cb570..8efe0c7d9f 100644
--- a/lib/sql_algebra/relations/relation.rb
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra/relations/relation.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
class Relation
+ module Iteration
+ include Enumerable
+
+ def each(&block)
+ connection.select_all(to_s).each(&block)
+ end
+
+ def first
+ connection.select_one(to_s)
+ end
+ end
+ include Iteration
+
module Operations
def <=>(other)
InnerJoinOperation.new(self, other)
@@ -60,7 +73,7 @@ class Relation
end
end
delegate :to_s, :to => :to_sql
-
+
protected
def attributes; [] end
def joins; [] end
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/equals_condition_builder.rb b/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/equals_condition_builder.rb
index 70067c20ca..cfa919c34c 100644
--- a/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/equals_condition_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/equals_condition_builder.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class EqualsConditionBuilder < SqlBuilder
end
def column(table, column, aliaz = nil)
- @operands << (aliaz ? quote(aliaz) : "#{quote_table_name(table)}.#{quote_column_name(column)}")
+ @operands << "#{quote_table_name(table)}.#{quote_column_name(column)}"
end
def value(value)
diff --git a/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/order_builder.rb b/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/order_builder.rb
index 43f705faf0..66a8cfdba9 100644
--- a/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/order_builder.rb
+++ b/lib/sql_algebra/sql_builder/order_builder.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class OrderBuilder < SqlBuilder
end
def column(table, column, aliaz = nil)
- @orders << (aliaz ? quote(aliaz) : "#{quote_table_name(table)}.#{quote_column_name(column)}")
+ @orders << "#{quote_table_name(table)}.#{quote_column_name(column)}"
end
def to_s
diff --git a/spec/integration/debug.log b/spec/integration/debug.log
index 9b5b08cc20..e69de29bb2 100644
--- a/spec/integration/debug.log
+++ b/spec/integration/debug.log
@@ -1,1581 +0,0 @@
-# Logfile created on Tue Jan 01 18:37:24 -0800 2008 by logger.rb/1.5.2.9
- SQL (0.000147) SET SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL=0
- SQL (0.010719) SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`
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- SQL (0.001835) SHOW FIELDS FROM `cameras`
- SQL (0.000146) SET SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL=0
- SQL (0.010748) SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`
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- SQL (0.010722) SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`
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diff --git a/spec/integration/scratch_spec.rb b/spec/integration/scratch_spec.rb
index 32ee98d361..b5d27f1dc2 100644
--- a/spec/integration/scratch_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/integration/scratch_spec.rb
@@ -1,42 +1,226 @@
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'spec_helper')
-describe 'Relational Algebra' do
+describe 'ActiveRelation', 'Proposed refactoring to ActiveRecord, introducing both a SQL
+ builder and a Relational Algebra to mediate connections
+ between ActiveRecord and the database. The goal of the
+ refactoring is to remove code duplication concerning AR
+ associations; remove complexity surrounding eager loading;
+ comprehensively solve quoting issues; remove the with_scope
+ merging logic; minimize the need for with_scope in general;
+ simplify the implementation of plugins like HasFinder and
+ ActsAsParanoid; introduce an identity map; and allow for
+ query optimization. All this while effectively not changing
+ the public interface of ActiveRecord.
+ The Relational Algebra makes these ambitious goals
+ possible. There\'s no need to be scared by the math, it\'s
+ actually quite simple. Relational Algebras have some nice
+ advantages over flexible SQL builders like Sequel and and
+ SqlAlchemy (a beautiful Python library). Principally, a
+ relation is writable as well as readable. This obviates the
+ :create with_scope, and perhaps also
+ #set_belongs_to_association_for.
+ With so much complexity removed from ActiveRecord, I
+ propose a mild reconsideration of the architecture of Base,
+ AssocationProxy, AssociationCollection, and so forth. These
+ should all be understood as \'Repositories\': a factory that
+ given a relation can manufacture objects, and given an object
+ can manipulate a relation. This may sound trivial, but I
+ think it has the potential to make the code much smaller and
+ more consistent.' do
before do
- @users = TableRelation.new(:users)
- @photos = TableRelation.new(:photos)
- @cameras = TableRelation.new(:cameras)
- @user = @users.select(@users[:id] == 1)
- @user_photos = (@user << @photos).on(@user[:id] == @photos[:user_id])
- @user_cameras = (@user_photos << @cameras).on(@user_photos[:camera_id] == @cameras[:id])
+ class User < ActiveRecord::Base; has_many :photos end
+ class Photo < ActiveRecord::Base; belongs_to :camera end
+ class Camera < ActiveRecord::Base; end
end
- it 'simulates User.has_many :photos' do
- @user_photos.project(*@photos.attributes).to_s.should be_like("""
- SELECT `photos`.`id`, `photos`.`user_id`, `photos`.`camera_id`
- FROM `users`
- LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
- ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
- WHERE
- `users`.`id` = 1
- """)
+ before do
+ # Rather than being associated with a table, an ActiveRecord is now associated with
+ # a relation.
+ @users = User.relation
+ @photos = Photo.relation
+ @cameras = Camera.relation
+ # A first taste of a Relational Algebra: User.find(1)
+ # == is overridden on attributes to return a predicate, not true or false
+ @user = @users.select(@users[:id] == 1)
+ end
+
+ # In a Relational Algebra, the various ActiveRecord associations become a simple
+ # mapping from one relation to another. The Reflection object parameterizes the
+ # mapping.
+ def user_has_many_photos(user_relation)
+ primary_key = User.reflections[:photos].klass.primary_key.to_sym
+ foreign_key = User.reflections[:photos].primary_key_name.to_sym
+
+ # << is the left outer join operator
+ (user_relation << @photos).on(user_relation[primary_key] == @photos[foreign_key])
+ end
+
+ def photo_belongs_to_camera(photo_relation)
+ primary_key = Photo.reflections[:camera].klass.primary_key.to_sym
+ foreign_key = Photo.reflections[:camera].primary_key_name.to_sym
+
+ (photo_relation << @cameras).on(photo_relation[foreign_key] == @cameras[primary_key])
end
+
+ describe 'Relational Algebra', 'a relational algebra allows the implementation of
+ associations like has_many to be specified once,
+ regardless of eager-joins, has_many :through, and so
+ forth' do
+ it 'generates the query for User.has_many :photos' do
+ user_photos = user_has_many_photos(@user)
+ # the 'project' operator limits the columns that come back from the query.
+ # Note how all the operators are compositional: 'project' is applied to a query
+ # that previously had been joined and selected.
+ user_photos.project(*@photos.attributes).to_s.should be_like("""
+ SELECT `photos`.`id`, `photos`.`user_id`, `photos`.`camera_id`
+ FROM `users`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
+ ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
+ WHERE
+ `users`.`id` = 1
+ """)
+ # Also note the correctly quoted columns and tables. In this instance the
+ # MysqlAdapter from ActiveRecord is used to do the escaping.
+ end
- it 'simulates a User.has_many :cameras :through => :photos' do
- @user_cameras.project(*@cameras.attributes).to_s.should be_like("""
- SELECT `cameras`.`id`
- FROM `users`
- LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
- ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
- LEFT OUTER JOIN `cameras`
- ON `photos`.`camera_id` = `cameras`.`id`
- WHERE
- `users`.`id` = 1
- """)
+ it 'generates the query for User.has_many :cameras :through => :photos' do
+ # note, again, the compositionality of the operators:
+ user_cameras = photo_belongs_to_camera(user_has_many_photos(@user))
+ user_cameras.project(*@cameras.attributes).to_s.should be_like("""
+ SELECT `cameras`.`id`
+ FROM `users`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
+ ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `cameras`
+ ON `photos`.`camera_id` = `cameras`.`id`
+ WHERE
+ `users`.`id` = 1
+ """)
+ end
+
+ it 'generates the query for an eager join for a collection using the same logic as
+ for an association on an individual row' do
+ users_cameras = photo_belongs_to_camera(user_has_many_photos(@users))
+ users_cameras.to_s.should be_like("""
+ SELECT `users`.`name`, `users`.`id`, `photos`.`id`, `photos`.`user_id`, `photos`.`camera_id`, `cameras`.`id`
+ FROM `users`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
+ ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `cameras`
+ ON `photos`.`camera_id` = `cameras`.`id`
+ """)
+ end
+
+ it 'is trivial to disambiguate columns' do
+ users_cameras = photo_belongs_to_camera(user_has_many_photos(@users)).qualify
+ users_cameras.to_s.should be_like("""
+ SELECT `users`.`name` AS 'users.name', `users`.`id` AS 'users.id', `photos`.`id` AS 'photos.id', `photos`.`user_id` AS 'photos.user_id', `photos`.`camera_id` AS 'photos.camera_id', `cameras`.`id` AS 'cameras.id'
+ FROM `users`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `photos`
+ ON `users`.`id` = `photos`.`user_id`
+ LEFT OUTER JOIN `cameras`
+ ON `photos`.`camera_id` = `cameras`.`id`
+ """)
+ end
+
+ it 'obviates the need for with_scope merging logic since, e.g.,
+ `with_scope :conditions => ...` is just a #select operation on the relation' do
+ end
+
+ it 'may eliminate the need for with_scope altogether since the associations no longer
+ need it: the relation underlying the association fully encapsulates the scope' do
+ end
end
+
+ describe 'Repository', 'ActiveRecord::Base, HasManyAssociation, and so forth are
+ all repositories: given a relation, they manufacture objects' do
+ before do
+ class << ActiveRecord::Base; public :instantiate end
+ end
- it '' do
- # p @user_cameras.qualify.to_s
- #
- # @users.rename()
+ it 'manufactures objects' do
+ User.instantiate(@users.first).attributes.should == {"name" => "hai", "id" => 1}
+ end
+
+ it 'frees ActiveRecords from being tied to tables' do
+ pending # pending, but trivial to implement:
+
+ class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+ # acts_as_paranoid without alias_method_chain:
+ set_relation @users.select(@users[:deleted_at] != nil)
+ end
+
+ class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
+ set_relation @accounts.join(@profiles).on(@accounts[:id] == @profiles[:account_id])
+ end
+ # I know this sounds crazy, but even writes are possible in the last example.
+ # calling #save on a person can write to two tables!
+ end
+
+ describe 'the n+1 problem' do
+ describe 'the eager join algorithm is vastly simpler' do
+ it 'three active records are loaded with only one query' do
+ # using 'rr' mocking framework: the real #select_all is called, but we assert
+ # that it only happens once:
+ mock.proxy(ActiveRecord::Base.connection).select_all.with_any_args.once
+ users_cameras = photo_belongs_to_camera(user_has_many_photos(@users)).qualify
+ user = User.instantiate(users_cameras.first, [:photos => [:camera]])
+ user.photos.first.camera.attributes.should == {"id" => 1}
+ end
+
+ before do
+ class << ActiveRecord::Base
+ # An identity map makes this algorithm efficient.
+ def instantiate_with_cache(record)
+ cache.get(record) { instantiate_without_cache(record) }
+ end
+ alias_method_chain :instantiate, :cache
+
+ # for each row in the result set, which may contain data from n tables,
+ # - instantiate that slice of the data corresponding to the current class
+ # - recusively walk the dependency chain and repeat.
+ def instantiate_with_joins(data, joins = [])
+ record = unqualify(data)
+ returning instantiate_without_joins(record) do |object|
+ joins.each do |join|
+ case join
+ when Symbol
+ object.send(association = join).instantiate(data)
+ when Hash
+ join.each do |association, nested_associations|
+ object.send(association).instantiate(data, nested_associations)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ alias_method_chain :instantiate, :joins
+
+ private
+ # Sometimes, attributes are qualified to remove ambiguity. Here, bring back
+ # ambiguity by translating 'users.id' to 'id' so we can call #attributes=.
+ # This code should work correctly if the attributes are qualified or not.
+ def unqualify(qualified_attributes)
+ qualified_attributes_for_this_class = qualified_attributes. \
+ slice(*relation.attributes.collect(&:qualified_name))
+ qualified_attributes_for_this_class.alias do |qualified_name|
+ qualified_name.split('.')[1] || qualified_name # the latter means it must not really be qualified
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ it "is possible to be smarter about eager loading. DataMapper is smart enough
+ to notice when you do users.each { |u| u.photos } and make this two queries
+ rather than n+1: the first invocation of #photos is lazy but it preloads
+ photos for all subsequent users. This is substantially easier with the
+ Algebra since we can do @user.join(@photos).on(...) and transform that to
+ @users.join(@photos).on(...), relying on the IdentityMap to eliminate
+ the n+1 problem. This is somewhat similar to ActiveRecordContext but it
+ works with every association type, not just belongs_to." do
+ pending
+ end
+ end
+ end
end
end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index edace54f58..8d90e0dd51 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
require 'rubygems'
require 'spec'
+require 'rr'
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib', 'sql_algebra')
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'spec_helpers', 'be_like')
@@ -24,4 +25,5 @@ end
Spec::Runner.configure do |config|
config.include(BeLikeMatcher)
+ config.mock_with :rr
end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/sql_builder/conditions_spec.rb b/spec/sql_builder/conditions_spec.rb
index c1cae902c1..dc44cedc85 100644
--- a/spec/sql_builder/conditions_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/sql_builder/conditions_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ describe ConditionsBuilder do
column(:c, :d, 'e')
end
end.to_s.should be_like("""
- `a`.`b` = 'e'
+ `a`.`b` = `c`.`d`
""")
end
end
diff --git a/spec/sql_builder/select_builder_spec.rb b/spec/sql_builder/select_builder_spec.rb
index 060c642c1b..122539967e 100644
--- a/spec/sql_builder/select_builder_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/sql_builder/select_builder_spec.rb
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ describe SelectBuilder do
end.to_s.should be_like("""
SELECT *
FROM `users`
- ORDER BY `users`.`id`, 'alias'
+ ORDER BY `users`.`id`, `users`.`created_at`
""")
end
end
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-03-15 22:26:35 +0000