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| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/source/i18n.txt | 86 |
1 files changed, 43 insertions, 43 deletions
diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/source/i18n.txt b/railties/doc/guides/source/i18n.txt index b20e2172eb..ca8bf2f783 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/source/i18n.txt +++ b/railties/doc/guides/source/i18n.txt @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ image:images/i18n/demo_untranslated.png[rails i18n demo untranslated] === Adding Translations -Obviously there are two strings that are localized to English. In order to internationalize this code replace these strings with calls to Rails' #t helper with a key that makes sense for the translation: +Obviously there are *two strings that are localized to English*. In order to internationalize this code replace these strings with calls to Rails' +#t+ helper with a key that makes sense for the translation: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pirate: hello_flash: Ahoy Flash ------------------------------------------------------- -There you go. Because you haven't changed the default_locale I18n will use English. Your application now shows: +There you go. Because you haven't changed the default_locale, I18n will use English. Your application now shows: image:images/i18n/demo_translated_en.png[rails i18n demo translated to english] @@ -360,11 +360,11 @@ And when you change the URL to pass the pirate locale you get: image:images/i18n/demo_translated_pirate.png[rails i18n demo translated to pirate] -NOTE You need to restart the server when you add new locale files. +NOTE: You need to restart the server when you add new locale files. === Adding Date/Time formats -Ok, let's add a timestamp to the view so we can demo the date/time localization feature as well. To localize the time format you pass the Time object to I18n.l or (preferably) use Rails' #l helper. You can pick a format by passing the :format option, by default the :default format is used. +OK! Now let's add a timestamp to the view, so we can demo the *date/time localization* feature as well. To localize the time format you pass the Time object to +I18n.l+ or (preferably) use Rails' +#l+ helper. You can pick a format by passing the +:format+ option -- by default the +:default+ format is used. [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ So that would give you: image:images/i18n/demo_localized_pirate.png[rails i18n demo localized time to pirate] -NOTE Right now you might need to add some more date/time formats in order to make the I18n backend work as expected. See the http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale[rails-i18n repository] for starting points. +TIP: Right now you might need to add some more date/time formats in order to make the I18n backend work as expected. Of course, there's a great chance that somebody already did all the work by *translating Rails's defaults for your locale*. See the http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale[rails-i18n repository at Github] for an archive of various locale files. When you put such file(s) in +config/locale/+ directory, they will automatically ready for use. == Overview of the I18n API features @@ -413,14 +413,14 @@ I18n.t :message I18n.t 'message' ------------------------------------------------------- -translate also takes a :scope option which can contain one or many additional keys that will be used to specify a “namespace” or scope for a translation key: ++translate+ also takes a +:scope+ option which can contain one or many additional keys that will be used to specify a “namespace” or scope for a translation key: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- I18n.t :invalid, :scope => [:active_record, :error_messages] ------------------------------------------------------- -This looks up the :invalid message in the Active Record error messages. +This looks up the +:invalid+ message in the Active Record error messages. Additionally, both the key and scopes can be specified as dot separated keys as in: @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ I18n.t :missing, :default => 'Not here' If the default value is a Symbol it will be used as a key and translated. One can provide multiple values as default. The first one that results in a value will be returned. -E.g. the following first tries to translate the key :missing and then the key :also_missing. As both do not yield a result the string "Not here" will be returned: +E.g. the following first tries to translate the key +:missing+ and then the key +:also_missing.+ As both do not yield a result the string "Not here" will be returned: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -479,9 +479,9 @@ I18n.t 'active_record.error_messages' === Interpolation -In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that variables can be interpolated into the translation. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature. +In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that *variables can be interpolated into the translation*. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature. -All options besides :default and :scope that are passed to #translate will be interpolated to the translation: +All options besides +:default+ and +:scope+ that are passed to +#translate+ will be interpolated to the translation: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -490,14 +490,14 @@ I18n.translate :thanks, :name => 'Jeremy' # => 'Thanks Jeremy!' ------------------------------------------------------- -If a translation uses :default or :scope as a interpolation variable an I18n::ReservedInterpolationKey exception is raised. If a translation expects an interpolation variable but it has not been passed to #translate an I18n::MissingInterpolationArgument exception is raised. +If a translation uses +:default+ or +:scope+ as a interpolation variable an I+18n::ReservedInterpolationKey+ exception is raised. If a translation expects an interpolation variable but it has not been passed to +#translate+ an +I18n::MissingInterpolationArgument+ exception is raised. === Pluralization In English there's only a singular and a plural form for a given string, e.g. "1 message" and "2 messages". Other languages (http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ar[Arabic], http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ja[Japanese], http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ru[Russian] and many more) have different grammars that have additional or less http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html[plural forms]. Thus, the I18n API provides a flexible pluralization feature. -The :count interpolation variable has a special role in that it both is interpolated to the translation and used to pick a pluralization from the translations according to the pluralization rules defined by CLDR: +The +:count+ interpolation variable has a special role in that it both is interpolated to the translation and used to pick a pluralization from the translations according to the pluralization rules defined by CLDR: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -509,22 +509,22 @@ I18n.translate :inbox, :count => 2 # => '2 messages' ------------------------------------------------------- -The algorithm for pluralizations in :en is as simple as: +The algorithm for pluralizations in +:en+ is as simple as: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- entry[count == 1 ? 0 : 1] ------------------------------------------------------- -I.e. the translation denoted as :one is regarded as singular, the other is used as plural (including the count being zero). +I.e. the translation denoted as +:one+ is regarded as singular, the other is used as plural (including the count being zero). -If the lookup for the key does not return an Hash suitable for pluralization an I18n::InvalidPluralizationData exception is raised. +If the lookup for the key does not return an Hash suitable for pluralization an +18n::InvalidPluralizationData+ exception is raised. === Setting and passing a locale -The locale can be either set pseudo-globally to I18n.locale (which uses Thread.current like, e.g., Time.zone) or can be passed as an option to #translate and #localize. +The locale can be either set pseudo-globally to +I18n.locale+ (which uses +Thread.current+ like, e.g., +Time.zone+) or can be passed as an option to +#translate+ and +#localize+. -If no locale is passed I18n.locale is used: +If no locale is passed +I18n.locale+ is used: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ I18n.t :foo, :locale => :de I18n.l Time.now, :locale => :de ------------------------------------------------------- -I18n.locale defaults to I18n.default_locale which defaults to :en. The default locale can be set like this: ++I18n.locale+ defaults to +I18n.default_locale+ which defaults to :+en+. The default locale can be set like this: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -574,9 +574,9 @@ pt: bar: baz ------------------------------------------------------- -As you see in both cases the toplevel key is the locale. :foo is a namespace key and :bar is the key for the translation "baz". +As you see in both cases the toplevel key is the locale. +:foo+ is a namespace key and +:bar+ is the key for the translation "baz". -Here is a "real" example from the ActiveSupport en.yml translations YAML file: +Here is a "real" example from the ActiveSupport +en.yml+ translations YAML file: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ en: long: "%B %d, %Y" ------------------------------------------------------- -So, all of the following equivalent lookups will return the :short date format "%B %d": +So, all of the following equivalent lookups will return the +:short+ date format +"%B %d"+: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -598,11 +598,11 @@ I18n.t :short, :scope => 'date.formats' I18n.t :short, :scope => [:date, :formats] ------------------------------------------------------- -Generally we recommend using YAML as a format for storing translations. There are cases though where you want to store Ruby lambdas as part of your locale data, e.g. for special date +Generally we recommend using YAML as a format for storing translations. There are cases though where you want to store Ruby lambdas as part of your locale data, e.g. for special date. === Translations for Active Record models -You can use the methods Model.human_name and Model.human_attribute_name(attribute) to transparently lookup translations for your model and attribute names. +You can use the methods +Model.human_name+ and +Model.human_attribute_name(attribute)+ to transparently lookup translations for your model and attribute names. For example when you add the following translations: @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ en: # will translate User attribute "login" as "Handle" ------------------------------------------------------- -Then User.human_name will return "Dude" and User.human_attribute_name(:login) will return "Handle". +Then +User.human_name+ will return "Dude" and +User.human_attribute_name(:login)+ will return "Handle". ==== Error message scopes @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ Active Record validation error messages can also be translated easily. Active Re This gives you quite powerful means to flexibly adjust your messages to your application's needs. -Consider a User model with a validates_presence_of validation for the name attribute like this: +Consider a User model with a +validates_presence_of+ validation for the name attribute like this: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base end ------------------------------------------------------- -The key for the error message in this case is :blank. Active Record will lookup this key in the namespaces: +The key for the error message in this case is +:blank+. Active Record will lookup this key in the namespaces: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -681,9 +681,9 @@ This way you can provide special translations for various error messages at diff The translated model name, translated attribute name, and value are always available for interpolation. -So, for example, instead of the default error message "can not be blank" you could use the attribute name like this: "Please fill in your {{attribute}}". +So, for example, instead of the default error message +"can not be blank"+ you could use the attribute name like this:+ "Please fill in your {{attribute}}"+. -count, where available, can be used for pluralization if present: ++count+, where available, can be used for pluralization if present: |===================================================================================================== | validation | with option | message | interpolation @@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ count, where available, can be used for pluralization if present: ==== Translations for the Active Record error_messages_for helper -If you are using the Active Record error_messages_for helper you will want to add translations for it. +If you are using the Active Record +error_messages_for+ helper you will want to add translations for it. Rails ships with the following translations: @@ -736,23 +736,23 @@ Rails uses fixed strings and other localizations, such as format strings and oth ==== ActionView helper methods -* distance_of_time_in_words translates and pluralizes its result and interpolates the number of seconds, minutes, hours and so on. See http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L51[datetime.distance_in_words] translations. +* +distance_of_time_in_words+ translates and pluralizes its result and interpolates the number of seconds, minutes, hours and so on. See http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L51[datetime.distance_in_words] translations. -* datetime_select and select_month use translated month names for populating the resulting select tag. See http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L15[date.month_names] for translations. datetime_select also looks up the order option from http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L18[date.order] (unless you pass the option explicitely). All date select helpers translate the prompt using the translations in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L83[datetime.prompts] scope if applicable. +* +datetime_select+ and +select_month+ use translated month names for populating the resulting select tag. See http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L15[date.month_names] for translations. +datetime_select+ also looks up the order option from http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L18[date.order] (unless you pass the option explicitely). All date select helpers translate the prompt using the translations in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L83[datetime.prompts] scope if applicable. -* The number_to_currency, number_with_precision, number_to_percentage, number_with_delimiter and humber_to_human_size helpers use the number format settings located in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L2[number] scope. +* The +number_to_currency+, +number_with_precision+, +number_to_percentage+, +number_with_delimiter+ and +humber_to_human_size+ helpers use the number format settings located in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L2[number] scope. ==== Active Record methods -* human_name and human_attribute_name use translations for model names and attribute names if available in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activerecord/lib/active_record/locale/en.yml#L43[activerecord.models] scope. They also support translations for inherited class names (e.g. for use with STI) as explained above in "Error message scopes". +* +human_name+ and +human_attribute_name+ use translations for model names and attribute names if available in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activerecord/lib/active_record/locale/en.yml#L43[activerecord.models] scope. They also support translations for inherited class names (e.g. for use with STI) as explained above in "Error message scopes". -* ActiveRecord::Errors#generate_message (which is used by Active Record validations but may also be used manually) uses human_name and human_attribute_name (see above). It also translates the error message and supports translations for inherited class names as explained above in "Error message scopes". +* +ActiveRecord::Errors#generate_message+ (which is used by Active Record validations but may also be used manually) uses +human_name+ and +human_attribute_name+ (see above). It also translates the error message and supports translations for inherited class names as explained above in "Error message scopes". -* ActiveRecord::Errors#full_messages prepends the attribute name to the error message using a separator that will be looked up from http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L91[activerecord.errors.format.separator] (and defaults to ' '). +*+ ActiveRecord::Errors#full_messages+ prepends the attribute name to the error message using a separator that will be looked up from http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L91[activerecord.errors.format.separator] (and defaults to +' '+). ==== ActiveSupport methods -* Array#to_sentence uses format settings as given in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L30[support.array] scope. +* +Array#to_sentence+ uses format settings as given in the http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L30[support.array] scope. == Customize your I18n setup @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ ReservedInterpolationKey # the translation contains a reserved interpolation UnknownFileType # the backend does not know how to handle a file type that was added to I18n.load_path ------------------------------------------------------- -The I18n API will catch all of these exceptions when they were thrown in the backend and pass them to the default_exception_handler method. This method will re-raise all exceptions except for MissingTranslationData exceptions. When a MissingTranslationData exception has been caught it will return the exception’s error message string containing the missing key/scope. +The I18n API will catch all of these exceptions when they were thrown in the backend and pass them to the default_exception_handler method. This method will re-raise all exceptions except for +MissingTranslationData+ exceptions. When a +MissingTranslationData+ exception has been caught it will return the exception’s error message string containing the missing key/scope. The reason for this is that during development you'd usually want your views to still render even though a translation is missing. @@ -799,11 +799,11 @@ end I18n.exception_handler = :just_raise_that_exception ------------------------------------------------------- -This would re-raise all caught exceptions including MissingTranslationData. +This would re-raise all caught exceptions including +MissingTranslationData+. -Another example where the default behaviour is less desirable is the Rails TranslationHelper which provides the method #t (as well as #translate). When a MissingTranslationData exception occurs in this context the helper wraps the message into a span with the css class translation_missing. +Another example where the default behaviour is less desirable is the Rails TranslationHelper which provides the method +#t+ (as well as +#translate+). When a +MissingTranslationData+ exception occurs in this context the helper wraps the message into a span with the CSS class +translation_missing+. -To do so the helper forces I18n#translate to raise exceptions no matter what exception handler is defined by setting the :raise option: +To do so the helper forces +I18n#translate+ to raise exceptions no matter what exception handler is defined by setting the +:raise+ option: [source, ruby] ------------------------------------------------------- @@ -824,13 +824,13 @@ I18n support in Ruby on Rails was introduced in the release 2.2 and is still evo Thus we encourage everybody to experiment with new ideas and features in plugins or other libraries and make them available to the community. (Don't forget to announce your work on our http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n[mailinglist]!) -If you find your own locale (language) missing from our http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale[example translations data] repository for Ruby on Rails +If you find your own locale (language) missing from our http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale[example translations data] repository for Ruby on Rails, please http://github.com/guides/fork-a-project-and-submit-your-modifications[_fork_] the repository, add your data and send a http://github.com/guides/pull-requests[pull request]. == Resources * http://rails-i18n.org[rails-i18n.org] - Homepage of the rails-i18n project. You can find lots of useful resources on the http://rails-i18n.org/wiki[wiki]. -* http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n[rails-i18n Google group] - The project's mailinglist. +* http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n[rails-i18n Google group] - The project's mailing list. * http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master[Github: rails-i18n] - Code repository for the rails-i18n project. Most importantly you can find lots of http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale[example translations] for Rails that should work for your application in most cases. * http://i18n.lighthouseapp.com/projects/14948-rails-i18n/overview[Lighthouse: rails-i18n] - Issue tracker for the rails-i18n project. * http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/tree/master[Github: i18n] - Code repository for the i18n gem. @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ If you find your own locale (language) missing from our http://github.com/svenfu == Authors * http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/9963-sven-fuchs[Sven Fuchs] (initial author) -* http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/7476-karel-mina-k[Karel Minarik] +* http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/7476-karel-mina-k[Karel Minařík] If you found this guide useful please consider recommending its authors on http://www.workingwithrails.com[workingwithrails]. |