Merge Mail with latest Rails and move mail gem to Gemfile.

26 files changed, 261 insertions, 396 deletions

diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/application.rb b/railties/lib/rails/application.rb
index e65c20de2c..cd579a1c0d 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/application.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/application.rb
@@ -1,77 +1,47 @@
+require "fileutils"
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+
 module Rails
   class Application
     include Initializable
 
     class << self
-      # Stub out App initialize
-      def initialize!
-        new
-      end
+      attr_writer :config
+      alias configure class_eval
+      delegate :initialize!, :load_tasks, :to => :instance
 
-      def new
-        @instance ||= super
+      private :new
+      def instance
+        @instance ||= new
       end
 
       def config
-        @config ||= begin
-          config = Configuration.new
-          Plugin.plugins.each { |p| config.merge(p.config) }
-          config
-        end
-      end
-
-      # TODO: change the plugin loader to use config
-      alias configuration config
-
-      def config=(config)
-        @config = config
+        @config ||= Configuration.new(Plugin::Configuration.default)
       end
 
-      def root
-        config.root
-      end
-
-      def load_tasks
-        require "rails/tasks"
-        Dir["#{root}/vendor/plugins/*/**/tasks/**/*.rake"].sort.each { |ext| load ext }
-        Dir["#{root}/lib/tasks/**/*.rake"].sort.each { |ext| load ext }
-        task :environment do
-          $rails_rake_task = true
-          initialize!
-        end
-      end
-
-      def call(env)
-        new.call(env)
+      def routes
+        ActionController::Routing::Routes
       end
     end
 
+    delegate :config, :routes, :to => :'self.class'
+    delegate :root, :middleware, :to => :config
     attr_reader :route_configuration_files
 
     def initialize
+      require_environment
       Rails.application ||= self
-
       @route_configuration_files = []
-
-      run_initializers(self)
     end
 
-    def config
-      self.class.config
-    end
-
-    def root
-      config.root
-    end
-
-    alias configuration config
-
-    def middleware
-      config.middleware
+    def initialize!
+      run_initializers(self)
+      self
     end
 
-    def routes
-      ActionController::Routing::Routes
+    def require_environment
+      require config.environment_path
+    rescue LoadError
     end
 
     def routes_changed_at
@@ -100,16 +70,27 @@ module Rails
       routes.disable_clear_and_finalize = false
     end
 
+    def load_tasks
+      require "rails/tasks"
+      Dir["#{root}/vendor/plugins/*/**/tasks/**/*.rake"].sort.each { |ext| load ext }
+      Dir["#{root}/lib/tasks/**/*.rake"].sort.each { |ext| load ext }
+      task :environment do
+        $rails_rake_task = true
+        initialize!
+      end
+    end
+
     def initializers
       initializers = super
       plugins.each { |p| initializers += p.initializers }
       initializers
     end
 
+    # TODO: Fix this method
     def plugins
       @plugins ||= begin
         plugin_names = config.plugins || [:all]
-        Plugin.plugins.select { |p| plugin_names.include?(p.plugin_name) } +
+        Plugin.plugins.select { |p| plugin_names.include?(:all) || plugin_names.include?(p.plugin_name) } +
         Plugin::Vendored.all(config.plugins || [:all], config.paths.vendor.plugins)
       end
     end
@@ -119,21 +100,8 @@ module Rails
       @app.call(env)
     end
 
-
-    # Loads the environment specified by Configuration#environment_path, which
-    # is typically one of development, test, or production.
-    initializer :load_environment do
-      next unless File.file?(config.environment_path)
-
-      config = self.config
-
-      Kernel.class_eval do
-        meth = instance_method(:config) if Object.respond_to?(:config)
-        define_method(:config) { config }
-        require config.environment_path
-        remove_method :config
-        define_method(:config, &meth) if meth
-      end
+    initializer :load_all_active_support do
+      require "active_support/all" unless config.active_support.bare
     end
 
     # Set the <tt>$LOAD_PATH</tt> based on the value of
@@ -143,14 +111,6 @@ module Rails
       $LOAD_PATH.uniq!
     end
 
-    # Requires all frameworks specified by the Configuration#frameworks
-    # list. By default, all frameworks (Active Record, Active Support,
-    # Action Pack, Action Mailer, and Active Resource) are loaded.
-    initializer :require_frameworks do
-      require 'active_support/all' unless config.active_support.bare
-      config.frameworks.each { |framework| require(framework.to_s) }
-    end
-
     # Set the paths from which Rails will automatically load source files, and
     # the load_once paths.
     initializer :set_autoload_paths do
@@ -173,7 +133,7 @@ module Rails
     # Create tmp directories
     initializer :ensure_tmp_directories_exist do
       %w(cache pids sessions sockets).each do |dir_to_make|
-        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.join(config.root, 'tmp', dir_to_make))
+        FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.join(root, 'tmp', dir_to_make))
       end
     end
 
@@ -181,44 +141,7 @@ module Rails
     # Used by Passenger to ensure everything's loaded before forking and
     # to avoid autoload race conditions in JRuby.
     initializer :preload_frameworks do
-      if config.preload_frameworks
-        config.frameworks.each do |framework|
-          # String#classify and #constantize aren't available yet.
-          toplevel = Object.const_get(framework.to_s.gsub(/(?:^|_)(.)/) { $1.upcase })
-          toplevel.load_all! if toplevel.respond_to?(:load_all!)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # This initialization routine does nothing unless <tt>:active_record</tt>
-    # is one of the frameworks to load (Configuration#frameworks). If it is,
-    # this sets the database configuration from Configuration#database_configuration
-    # and then establishes the connection.
-    initializer :initialize_database do
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:active_record)
-        ActiveRecord::Base.configurations = config.database_configuration
-        ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Include middleware to serve up static assets
-    initializer :initialize_static_server do
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:action_controller) && config.serve_static_assets
-        config.middleware.use(ActionDispatch::Static, Rails.public_path)
-      end
-    end
-
-    initializer :initialize_middleware_stack do
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:action_controller)
-        config.middleware.use(::Rack::Lock, :if => lambda { ActionController::Base.allow_concurrency })
-        config.middleware.use(ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions, lambda { ActionController::Base.consider_all_requests_local })
-        config.middleware.use(ActionDispatch::Callbacks, lambda { ActionController::Dispatcher.prepare_each_request })
-        config.middleware.use(lambda { ActionController::Base.session_store }, lambda { ActionController::Base.session_options })
-        config.middleware.use(ActionDispatch::ParamsParser)
-        config.middleware.use(::Rack::MethodOverride)
-        config.middleware.use(::Rack::Head)
-        config.middleware.use(ActionDispatch::StringCoercion)
-      end
+      ActiveSupport::Autoload.eager_load! if config.preload_frameworks
     end
 
     initializer :initialize_cache do
@@ -232,12 +155,6 @@ module Rails
       end
     end
 
-    initializer :initialize_framework_caches do
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:action_controller)
-        ActionController::Base.cache_store ||= RAILS_CACHE
-      end
-    end
-
     initializer :initialize_logger do
       # if the environment has explicitly defined a logger, use it
       next if Rails.logger
@@ -268,10 +185,6 @@ module Rails
     # logger is already set, it is not changed, otherwise it is set to use
     # RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER.
     initializer :initialize_framework_logging do
-      for framework in ([ :active_record, :action_controller, :action_mailer ] & config.frameworks)
-        framework.to_s.camelize.constantize.const_get("Base").logger ||= Rails.logger
-      end
-
       ActiveSupport::Dependencies.logger ||= Rails.logger
       Rails.cache.logger ||= Rails.logger
     end
@@ -289,7 +202,7 @@ module Rails
       require('active_support/whiny_nil') if config.whiny_nils
     end
 
-    # Sets the default value for Time.zone, and turns on ActiveRecord::Base#time_zone_aware_attributes.
+    # Sets the default value for Time.zone
     # If assigned value cannot be matched to a TimeZone, an exception will be raised.
     initializer :initialize_time_zone do
       if config.time_zone
@@ -303,11 +216,6 @@ module Rails
         end
 
         Time.zone_default = zone_default
-
-        if config.frameworks.include?(:active_record)
-          ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_attributes = true
-          ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = :utc
-        end
       end
     end
 
@@ -323,117 +231,28 @@ module Rails
       end
     end
 
-    # Initializes framework-specific settings for each of the loaded frameworks
-    # (Configuration#frameworks). The available settings map to the accessors
-    # on each of the corresponding Base classes.
-    initializer :initialize_framework_settings do
-      config.frameworks.each do |framework|
-        base_class = framework.to_s.camelize.constantize.const_get("Base")
-
-        config.send(framework).each do |setting, value|
-          base_class.send("#{setting}=", value)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Sets +ActionController::Base#view_paths+ and +ActionMailer::Base#template_root+
-    # (but only for those frameworks that are to be loaded). If the framework's
-    # paths have already been set, it is not changed, otherwise it is
-    # set to use Configuration#view_path.
-    initializer :initialize_framework_views do
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:action_view)
-        view_path = ActionView::PathSet.type_cast(config.view_path, config.cache_classes)
-        ActionMailer::Base.template_root  = view_path if config.frameworks.include?(:action_mailer) && ActionMailer::Base.view_paths.blank?
-        ActionController::Base.view_paths = view_path if config.frameworks.include?(:action_controller) && ActionController::Base.view_paths.blank?
-      end
-    end
-
-    initializer :initialize_metal do
-      # TODO: Make Rails and metal work without ActionController
-      if config.frameworks.include?(:action_controller)
-        Rails::Rack::Metal.requested_metals = config.metals
-
-        config.middleware.insert_before(
-          :"ActionDispatch::ParamsParser",
-          Rails::Rack::Metal, :if => Rails::Rack::Metal.metals.any?)
-      end
-    end
-
     # # bail out if gems are missing - note that check_gem_dependencies will have
     # # already called abort() unless $gems_rake_task is set
     # return unless gems_dependencies_loaded
     initializer :load_application_initializers do
-      Dir["#{configuration.root}/config/initializers/**/*.rb"].sort.each do |initializer|
+      Dir["#{root}/config/initializers/**/*.rb"].sort.each do |initializer|
         load(initializer)
       end
     end
 
     # Fires the user-supplied after_initialize block (Configuration#after_initialize)
     initializer :after_initialize do
-      configuration.after_initialize_blocks.each do |block|
+      config.after_initialize_blocks.each do |block|
         block.call
       end
     end
 
-    # # Setup database middleware after initializers have run
-    initializer :initialize_database_middleware do
-      if configuration.frameworks.include?(:active_record)
-        if configuration.frameworks.include?(:action_controller) && ActionController::Base.session_store &&
-            ActionController::Base.session_store.name == 'ActiveRecord::SessionStore'
-          configuration.middleware.insert_before :"ActiveRecord::SessionStore", ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement
-          configuration.middleware.insert_before :"ActiveRecord::SessionStore", ActiveRecord::QueryCache
-        else
-          configuration.middleware.use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement
-          configuration.middleware.use ActiveRecord::QueryCache
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    # TODO: Make a DSL way to limit an initializer to a particular framework
-
-    # # Prepare dispatcher callbacks and run 'prepare' callbacks
-    initializer :prepare_dispatcher do
-      next unless configuration.frameworks.include?(:action_controller)
-      require 'rails/dispatcher' unless defined?(::Dispatcher)
-      Dispatcher.define_dispatcher_callbacks(configuration.cache_classes)
-
-      unless configuration.cache_classes
-        # Setup dev mode route reloading
-        routes_last_modified = routes_changed_at
-        reload_routes = lambda do
-          unless routes_changed_at == routes_last_modified
-            routes_last_modified = routes_changed_at
-            reload_routes!
-          end
-        end
-        ActionDispatch::Callbacks.before_dispatch { |callbacks| reload_routes.call }
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Routing must be initialized after plugins to allow the former to extend the routes
-    # ---
-    # If Action Controller is not one of the loaded frameworks (Configuration#frameworks)
-    # this does nothing. Otherwise, it loads the routing definitions and sets up
-    # loading module used to lazily load controllers (Configuration#controller_paths).
-    initializer :initialize_routing do
-      next unless configuration.frameworks.include?(:action_controller)
-      route_configuration_files << configuration.routes_configuration_file
-      reload_routes!
-    end
-    #
-    # # Observers are loaded after plugins in case Observers or observed models are modified by plugins.
-    initializer :load_observers do
-      if configuration.frameworks.include?(:active_record)
-        ActiveRecord::Base.instantiate_observers
-      end
-    end
-
     # Eager load application classes
     initializer :load_application_classes do
       next if $rails_rake_task
 
-      if configuration.cache_classes
-        configuration.eager_load_paths.each do |load_path|
+      if config.cache_classes
+        config.eager_load_paths.each do |load_path|
           matcher = /\A#{Regexp.escape(load_path)}(.*)\.rb\Z/
           Dir.glob("#{load_path}/**/*.rb").sort.each do |file|
             require_dependency file.sub(matcher, '\1')
@@ -444,7 +263,7 @@ module Rails
 
     # Disable dependency loading during request cycle
     initializer :disable_dependency_loading do
-      if configuration.cache_classes && !configuration.dependency_loading
+      if config.cache_classes && !config.dependency_loading
         ActiveSupport::Dependencies.unhook!
       end
     end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/commands/server.rb b/railties/lib/rails/commands/server.rb
index 3687b4460e..09d7207d51 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/commands/server.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/commands/server.rb
@@ -37,15 +37,6 @@ module Rails
       Options.new
     end
 
-    def self.start(app)
-      new(app).start
-    end
-
-    def initialize(app_const)
-      super() # Call Rack::Server#initialize without passing any options to use.
-      @app_const = app_const
-    end
-
     def start
       puts "=> Booting #{ActiveSupport::Inflector.demodulize(server)}"
       puts "=> Rails #{Rails.version} application starting on http://#{options[:Host]}:#{options[:Port]}"
@@ -69,20 +60,17 @@ module Rails
     end
 
     def log_path
-      "#{File.expand_path(@app_const.root)}/log/#{options[:environment]}.log"
+      "log/#{options[:environment]}.log"
     end
 
     def default_options
-      {
+      super.merge({
         :Port        => 3000,
-        :Host        => "0.0.0.0",
         :environment => (ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || "development").dup,
-        :rack_file   => "#{@app_const.root}/config.ru",
         :daemonize   => false,
         :debugger    => false,
-        :pid         => "#{@app_const.root}/tmp/pids/server.pid",
-        :AccessLog   => []
-      }
+        :pid         => "tmp/pids/server.pid"
+      })
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/configuration.rb b/railties/lib/rails/configuration.rb
index 0fa42091dd..086f67a419 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/configuration.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/configuration.rb
@@ -5,22 +5,26 @@ module Rails
   # configuration class while this bit is being cleaned up.
   class Plugin::Configuration
 
-    def initialize
-      @options = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new }
+    def self.default
+      @default ||= new
     end
 
-    def middleware
-      @middleware ||= ActionDispatch::MiddlewareStack.new
+    attr_reader :middleware
+
+    def initialize(base = nil)
+      if base
+        @options    = base.options.dup
+        @middleware = base.middleware.dup
+      else
+        @options    = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new }
+        @middleware = ActionDispatch::MiddlewareStack.new
+      end
     end
 
     def respond_to?(name)
       super || name.to_s =~ config_key_regexp
     end
 
-    def merge(config)
-      @options = config.options.merge(@options)
-    end
-
   protected
 
     attr_reader :options
@@ -41,8 +45,7 @@ module Rails
     end
 
     def config_keys
-      ([ :active_support, :active_record, :action_controller,
-         :action_view, :action_mailer, :active_resource ] +
+      ([ :active_support, :action_view, :action_mailer, :active_resource ] +
         Plugin.plugin_names).map { |n| n.to_s }.uniq
     end
   end
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ module Rails
                 :log_level, :log_path, :paths, :routes_configuration_file,
                 :view_path
 
-    def initialize
+    def initialize(base = nil)
       super
       @load_once_paths              = []
       @after_initialize_blocks      = []
@@ -158,6 +161,10 @@ module Rails
       @routes_configuration_file ||= File.join(root, 'config', 'routes.rb')
     end
 
+    def builtin_routes_configuration_file
+      @builtin_routes_configuration_file ||= File.join(RAILTIES_PATH, 'builtin', 'routes.rb')
+    end
+
     def controller_paths
       @controller_paths ||= begin
         paths = [File.join(root, 'app', 'controllers')]
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/core.rb b/railties/lib/rails/core.rb
index a5e51ad04a..da16c5816c 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/core.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/core.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,37 @@
+require "pathname"
+
+require 'active_support'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/logger'
+require 'action_dispatch'
+
+require 'rails/initializable'
+require 'rails/application'
+require 'rails/plugin'
+require 'rails/railties_path'
+require 'rails/version'
+require 'rails/rack'
+require 'rails/paths'
+require 'rails/core'
+require 'rails/configuration'
+require 'rails/deprecation'
+require 'rails/initializer'
+require 'rails/ruby_version_check'
+
+# For Ruby 1.8, this initialization sets $KCODE to 'u' to enable the
+# multibyte safe operations. Plugin authors supporting other encodings
+# should override this behaviour and set the relevant +default_charset+
+# on ActionController::Base.
+#
+# For Ruby 1.9, UTF-8 is the default internal and external encoding.
+if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9'
+  $KCODE='u'
+else
+  Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8
+end
+
+RAILS_ENV = (ENV["RAILS_ENV"] || ENV["RACK_ENV"] || "development").dup unless defined?(RAILS_ENV)
+
 module Rails
   # Needs to be duplicated from Active Support since its needed before Active
   # Support is available. Here both Options and Hash are namespaced to prevent
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/actions.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/actions.rb
index 2efdf29127..f95b15acce 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/actions.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/actions.rb
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ module Rails
       #
       def route(routing_code)
         log :route, routing_code
-        sentinel = "ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|"
+        sentinel = "routes.draw do |map|"
 
         in_root do
           inject_into_file 'config/routes.rb', "\n  #{routing_code}\n", { :after => sentinel, :verbose => false }
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/erb/scaffold/templates/layout.html.erb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/erb/scaffold/templates/layout.html.erb
index 6460e5b599..51c4ad0e2e 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/erb/scaffold/templates/layout.html.erb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/erb/scaffold/templates/layout.html.erb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 </head>
 <body>
 
-<p class="notice"><%%= flash[:notice] %></p>
+<p class="notice"><%%= notice %></p>
 
 <%%= yield %>
 
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb
index ae18fa843b..30272ed9b2 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ module Rails::Generators
       empty_directory "config"
 
       inside "config" do
-        copy_file "routes.rb"
-        template  "application.rb"
-        template  "environment.rb"
+        template "routes.rb"
+        template "application.rb"
+        template "environment.rb"
 
         directory "environments"
         directory "initializers"
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ module Rails::Generators
       end
 
       def app_const
-        @app_const ||= app_name.classify
+        @app_const ||= "#{app_name.classify}::Application"
       end
 
       def app_secret
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/app/controllers/application_controller.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
index 6635a3f487..9889b52893 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/app/controllers/application_controller.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 # Likewise, all the methods added will be available for all controllers.
 
 class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
-  helper :all # include all helpers, all the time
-  protect_from_forgery # See ActionController::RequestForgeryProtection for details
-
-  # Scrub sensitive parameters from your log
-  # filter_parameter_logging :password
+  helper :all
+  protect_from_forgery
+  filter_parameter_logging :password
 end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config.ru b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config.ru
index f3bf3d6117..acb8435446 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config.ru
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config.ru
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment',  __FILE__)
 
 # Dispatch the request
-run <%= app_const%>
+run <%= app_const %>.instance
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/application.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/application.rb
index 2c17de2a23..15dc553e53 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/application.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/application.rb
@@ -1,41 +1,43 @@
 require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
 
-class <%= app_const %> < Rails::Application
-  # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
-  # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
-  # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.
+module <%= app_name.classify %>
+  class Application < Rails::Application
+    # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
+    # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
+    # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.
 
-  # Add additional load paths for your own custom dirs
-  # config.load_paths += %W( #{root}/extras )
+    # Add additional load paths for your own custom dirs
+    # config.load_paths += %W( #{root}/extras )
 
-  # Only load the plugins named here, in the order given (default is alphabetical).
-  # :all can be used as a placeholder for all plugins not explicitly named
-  # config.plugins = [ :exception_notification, :ssl_requirement, :all ]
+    # Only load the plugins named here, in the order given (default is alphabetical).
+    # :all can be used as a placeholder for all plugins not explicitly named
+    # config.plugins = [ :exception_notification, :ssl_requirement, :all ]
 
-  # Skip frameworks you're not going to use. To use Rails without a database,
-  # you must remove the Active Record framework.
+    # Skip frameworks you're not going to use. To use Rails without a database,
+    # you must remove the Active Record framework.
 <% if options[:skip_activerecord] -%>
-  config.frameworks -= [ :active_record ]
+    config.frameworks -= [ :active_record ]
 <% else -%>
-  # config.frameworks -= [ :active_record, :active_resource, :action_mailer ]
+    # config.frameworks -= [ :active_record, :active_resource, :action_mailer ]
 
-  # Activate observers that should always be running
-  # config.active_record.observers = :cacher, :garbage_collector, :forum_observer
+    # Activate observers that should always be running
+    # config.active_record.observers = :cacher, :garbage_collector, :forum_observer
 <% end -%>
 
-  # Set Time.zone default to the specified zone and make Active Record auto-convert to this zone.
-  # Run "rake -D time" for a list of tasks for finding time zone names.
-  config.time_zone = 'UTC'
-
-  # The default locale is :en and all translations from config/locales/*.rb,yml are auto loaded.
-  # config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('my', 'locales', '*.{rb,yml}')]
-  # config.i18n.default_locale = :de
-
-  # Configure generators values. Many other options are available, be sure to
-  # check the documentation.
-  # config.generators do |g|
-  #   g.orm             :active_record
-  #   g.template_engine :erb
-  #   g.test_framework  :test_unit, :fixture => true
-  # end
+    # Set Time.zone default to the specified zone and make Active Record auto-convert to this zone.
+    # Run "rake -D time" for a list of tasks for finding time zone names.
+    config.time_zone = 'UTC'
+
+    # The default locale is :en and all translations from config/locales/*.rb,yml are auto loaded.
+    # config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('my', 'locales', '*.{rb,yml}')]
+    # config.i18n.default_locale = :de
+
+    # Configure generators values. Many other options are available, be sure to
+    # check the documentation.
+    # config.generators do |g|
+    #   g.orm             :active_record
+    #   g.template_engine :erb
+    #   g.test_framework  :test_unit, :fixture => true
+    # end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 85c9a6080e..0000000000
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
-
-# In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
-# every request.  This slows down response time but is perfect for development
-# since you don't have to restart the webserver when you make code changes.
-config.cache_classes = false
-
-# Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
-config.whiny_nils = true
-
-# Show full error reports and disable caching
-config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = true
-config.action_view.debug_rjs                         = true
-config.action_controller.perform_caching             = false
-
-# Don't care if the mailer can't send
-config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b10103b436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/development.rb.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<%= app_const %>.configure do
+  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
+
+  # In the development environment your application's code is reloaded on
+  # every request.  This slows down response time but is perfect for development
+  # since you don't have to restart the webserver when you make code changes.
+  config.cache_classes = false
+
+  # Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
+  config.whiny_nils = true
+
+  # Show full error reports and disable caching
+  config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = true
+  config.action_view.debug_rjs                         = true
+  config.action_controller.perform_caching             = false
+
+  # Don't care if the mailer can't send
+  config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 377b9207c7..0000000000
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
-
-# The production environment is meant for finished, "live" apps.
-# Code is not reloaded between requests
-config.cache_classes = true
-
-# Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on
-config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = false
-config.action_controller.perform_caching             = true
-
-# See everything in the log (default is :info)
-# config.log_level = :debug
-
-# Use a different logger for distributed setups
-# config.logger = SyslogLogger.new
-
-# Use a different cache store in production
-# config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store
-
-# Disable Rails's static asset server
-# In production, Apache or nginx will already do this
-config.serve_static_assets = false
-
-# Enable serving of images, stylesheets, and javascripts from an asset server
-# config.action_controller.asset_host = "http://assets.example.com"
-
-# Disable delivery errors, bad email addresses will be ignored
-# config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
-
-# Enable threaded mode
-# config.threadsafe!
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..543a40108c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/production.rb.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<%= app_const %>.configure do
+  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
+
+  # The production environment is meant for finished, "live" apps.
+  # Code is not reloaded between requests
+  config.cache_classes = true
+
+  # Full error reports are disabled and caching is turned on
+  config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = false
+  config.action_controller.perform_caching             = true
+
+  # See everything in the log (default is :info)
+  # config.log_level = :debug
+
+  # Use a different logger for distributed setups
+  # config.logger = SyslogLogger.new
+
+  # Use a different cache store in production
+  # config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store
+
+  # Disable Rails's static asset server
+  # In production, Apache or nginx will already do this
+  config.serve_static_assets = false
+
+  # Enable serving of images, stylesheets, and javascripts from an asset server
+  # config.action_controller.asset_host = "http://assets.example.com"
+
+  # Disable delivery errors, bad email addresses will be ignored
+  # config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
+
+  # Enable threaded mode
+  # config.threadsafe!
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 496eb9572b..0000000000
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
-
-# The test environment is used exclusively to run your application's
-# test suite.  You never need to work with it otherwise.  Remember that
-# your test database is "scratch space" for the test suite and is wiped
-# and recreated between test runs.  Don't rely on the data there!
-config.cache_classes = true
-
-# Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
-config.whiny_nils = true
-
-# Show full error reports and disable caching
-config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = true
-config.action_controller.perform_caching             = false
-
-# Disable request forgery protection in test environment
-config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection    = false
-
-# Tell Action Mailer not to deliver emails to the real world.
-# The :test delivery method accumulates sent emails in the
-# ActionMailer::Base.deliveries array.
-config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
-
-# Use SQL instead of Active Record's schema dumper when creating the test database.
-# This is necessary if your schema can't be completely dumped by the schema dumper,
-# like if you have constraints or database-specific column types
-# config.active_record.schema_format = :sql
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..428fa35633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/environments/test.rb.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<%= app_const %>.configure do
+  # Settings specified here will take precedence over those in config/environment.rb
+
+  # The test environment is used exclusively to run your application's
+  # test suite.  You never need to work with it otherwise.  Remember that
+  # your test database is "scratch space" for the test suite and is wiped
+  # and recreated between test runs.  Don't rely on the data there!
+  config.cache_classes = true
+
+  # Log error messages when you accidentally call methods on nil.
+  config.whiny_nils = true
+
+  # Show full error reports and disable caching
+  config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local = true
+  config.action_controller.perform_caching             = false
+
+  # Disable request forgery protection in test environment
+  config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection    = false
+
+  # Tell Action Mailer not to deliver emails to the real world.
+  # The :test delivery method accumulates sent emails in the
+  # ActionMailer::Base.deliveries array.
+  config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
+
+  # Use SQL instead of Active Record's schema dumper when creating the test database.
+  # This is necessary if your schema can't be completely dumped by the schema dumper,
+  # like if you have constraints or database-specific column types
+  # config.active_record.schema_format = :sql
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/cookie_verification_secret.rb.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/cookie_verification_secret.rb.tt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f05cd5a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/cookie_verification_secret.rb.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.
+
+# Your secret key for verifying the integrity of signed cookies.
+# If you change this key, all old signed cookies will become invalid!
+# Make sure the secret is at least 30 characters and all random, 
+# no regular words or you'll be exposed to dictionary attacks.
+ActionController::Base.cookie_verifier_secret = '<%= app_secret %>';
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/routes.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/routes.rb
index e0f9ca8a12..d6c0365c04 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/routes.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/routes.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
+<%= app_const %>.routes.draw do |map|
   # The priority is based upon order of creation:
   # first created -> highest priority.
 
   # Sample of regular route:
-  #   match 'products/:id', :to => 'catalog#view'
+  #   match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view'
   # Keep in mind you can assign values other than :controller and :action
 
   # Sample of named route:
-  #   match 'products/:id/purchase', :to => 'catalog#purchase', :as => :purchase
+  #   match 'products/:id/purchase' => 'catalog#purchase', :as => :purchase
   # This route can be invoked with purchase_url(:id => product.id)
 
   # Sample resource route (maps HTTP verbs to controller actions automatically):
@@ -48,13 +48,11 @@ ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
 
   # You can have the root of your site routed with "root"
   # just remember to delete public/index.html.
-  # root :to => "welcome"
+  # root :to => "welcome#index"
 
   # See how all your routes lay out with "rake routes"
 
-  # Install the default route as the lowest priority.
-  # Note: The default route make all actions in every controller accessible
-  # via GET requests. You should consider removing or commenting it out if
-  # you're using named routes and resources.
-  match ':controller(/:action(/:id(.:format)))'
+  # This is a legacy wild controller route that's not recommended for RESTful applications.
+  # Note: This route will make all actions in every controller accessible via GET requests.
+  # match ':controller(/:action(/:id(.:format)))'
 end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/console.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/console.tt
index 4262439e52..9ddd4cfe62 100755
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/console.tt
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/console.tt
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../config/application',  __FILE__)
 require 'rails/commands/console'
-Rails::Console.start(<%= app_const %>)
+Rails::Console.start(<%= app_const %>.instance)
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/dbconsole.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/dbconsole.tt
index 9dfa24c378..96e0bc191b 100755
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/dbconsole.tt
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/dbconsole.tt
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 require File.expand_path('../../config/application',  __FILE__)
 require 'rails/commands/dbconsole'
-Rails::DBConsole.start(<%= app_const %>)
\ No newline at end of file
+Rails::DBConsole.start(<%= app_const %>.instance)
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/server.tt b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/server.tt
index d98f677475..4fd0cc7832 100755
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/server.tt
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/script/server.tt
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-require File.expand_path('../../config/application',  __FILE__)
+require File.expand_path('../../config/boot',  __FILE__)
 require 'rails/commands/server'
-Rails::Server.start(<%= app_const %>)
+
+Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('../..',  __FILE__))
+Rails::Server.start
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/scaffold_controller/templates/controller.rb b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/scaffold_controller/templates/controller.rb
index 3cc8bbf8e7..874e96a2b4 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/scaffold_controller/templates/controller.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/scaffold_controller/templates/controller.rb
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ class <%= controller_class_name %>Controller < ApplicationController
 
     respond_to do |format|
       if @<%= orm_instance.save %>
-        flash[:notice] = '<%= class_name %> was successfully created.'
-        format.html { redirect_to(@<%= file_name %>) }
+        format.html { redirect_to(@<%= file_name %>, :notice => '<%= class_name %> was successfully created.') }
         format.xml  { render :xml => @<%= file_name %>, :status => :created, :location => @<%= file_name %> }
       else
         format.html { render :action => "new" }
@@ -63,8 +62,7 @@ class <%= controller_class_name %>Controller < ApplicationController
 
     respond_to do |format|
       if @<%= orm_instance.update_attributes("params[:#{file_name}]") %>
-        flash[:notice] = '<%= class_name %> was successfully updated.'
-        format.html { redirect_to(@<%= file_name %>) }
+        format.html { redirect_to(@<%= file_name %>, :notice => '<%= class_name %> was successfully updated.') }
         format.xml  { head :ok }
       else
         format.html { render :action => "edit" }
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/generators/test_unit/model/templates/fixtures.yml b/railties/lib/rails/generators/test_unit/model/templates/fixtures.yml
index c21035113e..a30132bc99 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/generators/test_unit/model/templates/fixtures.yml
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/generators/test_unit/model/templates/fixtures.yml
@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ two:
   <%= attribute.name %>: <%= attribute.default %>
 <% end -%>
 <% else -%>
-# one:
-#   column: value
+# This model initially had no columns defined.  If you add columns to the
+# model remove the '{}' from the fixture names and add the columns immediately
+# below each fixture, per the syntax in the comments below
 #
-# two:
-#   column: value
-<% end -%>
+one: {}
+# column: value
+#
+two: {}
+#  column: value
+<% end -%>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/initializable.rb b/railties/lib/rails/initializable.rb
index add10bd207..8fcb254590 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/initializable.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/initializable.rb
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ module Rails
       end
 
       def initializer(name, opts = {}, &blk)
+        raise ArgumentError, "A block must be passed when defining an initializer" unless blk
         @initializers ||= []
         @initializers << Initializer.new(name, nil, opts, &blk)
       end
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb b/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb
index 90dc1ad8dd..0699affea7 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ module Rails
   class Plugin
     include Initializable
 
-    def self.plugin_name
-      @plugin_name || name.demodulize.underscore
+    def self.plugin_name(plugin_name = nil)
+      @plugin_name ||= name.demodulize.underscore
+      @plugin_name = plugin_name if plugin_name
+      @plugin_name
     end
 
     def self.inherited(klass)
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ module Rails
     end
 
     def self.config
-      @config ||= Configuration.new
+      Configuration.default
     end
 
     class Vendored < Plugin
diff --git a/railties/lib/rails/test_help.rb b/railties/lib/rails/test_help.rb
index b89b7b5c27..2601765065 100644
--- a/railties/lib/rails/test_help.rb
+++ b/railties/lib/rails/test_help.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 # so fixtures are loaded to the right database
 silence_warnings { RAILS_ENV = "test" }
 
-require 'rubygems'
-gem "rack", "~> 1.0.0"
-gem "rack-test", "~> 0.5.0"
+require 'rack'
+require 'rack/test'
 
 require 'test/unit'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/requires'