Script.aculo.us: latest rev, new autocompleter features, memory leaks fixed #1695 [Thomas Fuchs]

git-svn-id: http://svn-commit.rubyonrails.org/rails/trunk@1810 5ecf4fe2-1ee6-0310-87b1-e25e094e27de

3 files changed, 297 insertions, 113 deletions

diff --git a/railties/html/javascripts/controls.js b/railties/html/javascripts/controls.js
index 60618838a8..cece0a914b 100644
--- a/railties/html/javascripts/controls.js
+++ b/railties/html/javascripts/controls.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2005 Thomas Fuchs (http://script.aculo.us, http://mir.aculo.us)
+//           (c) 2005 Ivan Krstic (http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/ivan)
 // 
 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 // a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@
 // OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 // WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
-
 Element.collectTextNodesIgnoreClass = function(element, ignoreclass) {
   var children = $(element).childNodes;
   var text     = "";
@@ -37,42 +37,70 @@ Element.collectTextNodesIgnoreClass = function(element, ignoreclass) {
   return text;
 }
 
-Ajax.Autocompleter = Class.create();
-Ajax.Autocompleter.prototype = (new Ajax.Base()).extend({
-  initialize: function(element, update, url, options) {
+// Autocompleter.Base handles all the autocompletion functionality 
+// that's independent of the data source for autocompletion. This
+// includes drawing the autocompletion menu, observing keyboard
+// and mouse events, and similar.
+//
+// Specific autocompleters need to provide, at the very least, 
+// a getUpdatedChoices function that will be invoked every time
+// the text inside the monitored textbox changes. This method 
+// should get the text for which to provide autocompletion by
+// invoking this.getEntry(), NOT by directly accessing
+// this.element.value. This is to allow incremental tokenized
+// autocompletion. Specific auto-completion logic (AJAX, etc)
+// belongs in getUpdatedChoices.
+//
+// Tokenized incremental autocompletion is enabled automatically
+// when an autocompleter is instantiated with the 'tokens' option
+// in the options parameter, e.g.:
+// new Ajax.Autocompleter('id','upd', '/url/', { tokens: ',' });
+// will incrementally autocomplete with a comma as the token.
+// Additionally, ',' in the above example can be replaced with
+// a token array, e.g. { tokens: new Array (',', '\n') } which
+// enables autocompletion on multiple tokens. This is most 
+// useful when one of the tokens is \n (a newline), as it 
+// allows smart autocompletion after linebreaks.
+
+var Autocompleter = {}
+Autocompleter.Base = function() {};
+Autocompleter.Base.prototype = {
+  base_initialize: function(element, update, options) {
     this.element     = $(element); 
     this.update      = $(update);  
     this.has_focus   = false; 
     this.changed     = false; 
     this.active      = false; 
     this.index       = 0;     
-    this.entry_count = 0;    
-    this.url         = url;
+    this.entry_count = 0;
 
-    this.setOptions(options);
-    this.options.asynchronous = true;
-    this.options.onComplete   = this.onComplete.bind(this)
+    if (this.setOptions)
+      this.setOptions(options);
+    else
+      this.options = {}
+     
+    this.options.tokens       = this.options.tokens || new Array();
     this.options.frequency    = this.options.frequency || 0.4;
     this.options.min_chars    = this.options.min_chars || 1;
-    this.options.method       = 'post';
-    
-    this.options.onShow = this.options.onShow || 
-      function(element, update){ 
-        if(!update.style.position || update.style.position=='absolute') {
-          update.style.position = 'absolute';
+    this.options.onShow       = this.options.onShow || 
+    function(element, update){ 
+      if(!update.style.position || update.style.position=='absolute') {
+        update.style.position = 'absolute';
           var offsets = Position.cumulativeOffset(element);
           update.style.left = offsets[0] + 'px';
           update.style.top  = (offsets[1] + element.offsetHeight) + 'px';
           update.style.width = element.offsetWidth + 'px';
-        }
-        new Effect.Appear(update,{duration:0.3});
-      };
+      }
+      new Effect.Appear(update,{duration:0.15});
+    };
     this.options.onHide = this.options.onHide || 
-      function(element, update){ new Effect.Fade(update,{duration:0.3}) };
-    
+    function(element, update){ new Effect.Fade(update,{duration:0.15}) };
     
     if(this.options.indicator)
       this.indicator = $(this.options.indicator);
+
+    if (typeof(this.options.tokens) == 'string') 
+      this.options.tokens = new Array(this.options.tokens);
        
     this.observer = null;
     
@@ -81,14 +109,14 @@ Ajax.Autocompleter.prototype = (new Ajax.Base()).extend({
     Event.observe(this.element, "blur", this.onBlur.bindAsEventListener(this));
     Event.observe(this.element, "keypress", this.onKeyPress.bindAsEventListener(this));
   },
-  
+
   show: function() {
     if(this.update.style.display=='none') this.options.onShow(this.element, this.update);
     if(!this.iefix && (navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE')>0) && this.update.style.position=='absolute') {
       new Insertion.After(this.update, 
        '<iframe id="' + this.update.id + '_iefix" '+
-       'style="display:none;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(apacity=0);" ' +
-       'src="javascript:;" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>');
+       'style="display:none;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(opacity=0);" ' +
+       'src="javascript:false;" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>');
       this.iefix = $(this.update.id+'_iefix');
     }
     if(this.iefix) {
@@ -111,51 +139,7 @@ Ajax.Autocompleter.prototype = (new Ajax.Base()).extend({
   stopIndicator: function() {
     if(this.indicator) Element.hide(this.indicator);
   },
-  
-  onObserverEvent: function() {
-    this.changed = false;   
-    if(this.element.value.length>=this.options.min_chars) {
-      this.startIndicator();
-      this.options.parameters = this.options.callback ?
-        this.options.callback(this.element, Form.Element.getValue(this.element)) :
-          Form.Element.serialize(this.element);
-      new Ajax.Request(this.url, this.options);
-    } else {
-      this.active = false;
-      this.hide();
-    }
-  },
-  
-  addObservers: function(element) {
-    Event.observe(element, "mouseover", this.onHover.bindAsEventListener(this));
-    Event.observe(element, "click", this.onClick.bindAsEventListener(this));
-  },
-  
-  onComplete: function(request) {
-    if(!this.changed && this.has_focus) {
-      this.update.innerHTML = request.responseText;
-      Element.cleanWhitespace(this.update);
-      Element.cleanWhitespace(this.update.firstChild);
 
-      if(this.update.firstChild && this.update.firstChild.childNodes) {
-        this.entry_count = 
-          this.update.firstChild.childNodes.length;
-        for (var i = 0; i < this.entry_count; i++) {
-          entry = this.get_entry(i);
-          entry.autocompleteIndex = i;
-          this.addObservers(entry);
-        }
-      } else { 
-        this.entry_count = 0;
-      }
-      
-      this.stopIndicator();
-      
-      this.index = 0;
-      this.render();
-    }
-  },
-  
   onKeyPress: function(event) {
     if(this.active)
       switch(event.keyCode) {
@@ -255,7 +239,208 @@ Ajax.Autocompleter.prototype = (new Ajax.Base()).extend({
   select_entry: function() {
     this.active = false;
     value = Element.collectTextNodesIgnoreClass(this.get_current_entry(), 'informal').unescapeHTML();
-    this.element.value = value;
+    this.updateElement(value);
     this.element.focus();
+  },
+
+  updateElement: function(value) {
+    var last_token_pos = this.findLastToken();
+    if (last_token_pos != -1) {
+      var new_value = this.element.value.substr(0, last_token_pos + 1);
+      var whitespace = this.element.value.substr(last_token_pos + 1).match(/^\s+/);
+      if (whitespace)
+        new_value += whitespace[0];
+      this.element.value = new_value + value;
+    } else {
+      this.element.value = value;
+    } 
+  },
+  
+  updateChoices: function(choices) {
+    if(!this.changed && this.has_focus) {
+      this.update.innerHTML = choices;
+      Element.cleanWhitespace(this.update);
+      Element.cleanWhitespace(this.update.firstChild);
+
+      if(this.update.firstChild && this.update.firstChild.childNodes) {
+        this.entry_count = 
+          this.update.firstChild.childNodes.length;
+        for (var i = 0; i < this.entry_count; i++) {
+          entry = this.get_entry(i);
+          entry.autocompleteIndex = i;
+          this.addObservers(entry);
+        }
+      } else { 
+        this.entry_count = 0;
+      }
+      
+      this.stopIndicator();
+      
+      this.index = 0;
+      this.render();
+    }
+  },
+
+  addObservers: function(element) {
+    Event.observe(element, "mouseover", this.onHover.bindAsEventListener(this));
+    Event.observe(element, "click", this.onClick.bindAsEventListener(this));
+  },
+
+  onObserverEvent: function() {
+    this.changed = false;   
+    if(this.getEntry().length>=this.options.min_chars) {
+      this.startIndicator();
+      this.getUpdatedChoices();
+    } else {
+      this.active = false;
+      this.hide();
+    }
+  },
+
+  getEntry: function() {
+    var token_pos = this.findLastToken();
+    if (token_pos != -1)
+      var ret = this.element.value.substr(token_pos + 1).replace(/^\s+/,'').replace(/\s+$/,'');
+    else
+      var ret = this.element.value;
+    
+    return /\n/.test(ret) ? '' : ret;
+  },
+
+  findLastToken: function() {
+    var last_token_pos = -1;
+
+    for (var i=0; i<this.options.tokens.length; i++) {
+      var this_token_pos = this.element.value.lastIndexOf(this.options.tokens[i]);
+      if (this_token_pos > last_token_pos)
+        last_token_pos = this_token_pos;
+    }
+    return last_token_pos;
+  }
+}
+
+Ajax.Autocompleter = Class.create();
+Ajax.Autocompleter.prototype = Object.extend(new Autocompleter.Base(), 
+Object.extend(new Ajax.Base(), {
+  initialize: function(element, update, url, options) {
+	  this.base_initialize(element, update, options);
+    this.options.asynchronous  = true;
+    this.options.onComplete    = this.onComplete.bind(this)
+    this.options.method        = 'post';
+    this.options.defaultParams = this.options.parameters || null;
+    this.url                   = url;
+  },
+  
+  getUpdatedChoices: function() {
+    entry = encodeURIComponent(this.element.name) + '=' + 
+      encodeURIComponent(this.getEntry());
+      
+    this.options.parameters = this.options.callback ?
+      this.options.callback(this.element, entry) : entry;
+        
+    if(this.options.defaultParams) 
+      this.options.parameters += '&' + this.options.defaultParams;
+    
+    new Ajax.Request(this.url, this.options);
+  },
+  
+  onComplete: function(request) {
+    this.updateChoices(request.responseText);
+  }
+
+}));
+
+// The local array autocompleter. Used when you'd prefer to
+// inject an array of autocompletion options into the page, rather
+// than sending out Ajax queries, which can be quite slow sometimes.
+//
+// The constructor takes four parameters. The first two are, as usual,
+// the id of the monitored textbox, and id of the autocompletion menu.
+// The third is the array you want to autocomplete from, and the fourth
+// is the options block.
+//
+// Extra local autocompletion options:
+// - choices - How many autocompletion choices to offer
+//
+// - partial_search - If false, the autocompleter will match entered
+//                    text only at the beginning of strings in the 
+//                    autocomplete array. Defaults to true, which will
+//                    match text at the beginning of any *word* in the
+//                    strings in the autocomplete array. If you want to
+//                    search anywhere in the string, additionally set
+//                    the option full_search to true (default: off).
+//
+// - full_search - Search anywhere in autocomplete array strings.
+//
+// - partial_chars - How many characters to enter before triggering
+//                   a partial match (unlike min_chars, which defines
+//                   how many characters are required to do any match
+//                   at all). Defaults to 2.
+//
+// - ignore_case - Whether to ignore case when autocompleting.
+//                 Defaults to true.
+//
+// It's possible to pass in a custom function as the 'selector' 
+// option, if you prefer to write your own autocompletion logic.
+// In that case, the other options above will not apply unless
+// you support them.
+
+Autocompleter.Local = Class.create();
+Autocompleter.Local.prototype = Object.extend(new Autocompleter.Base(), {
+  initialize: function(element, update, array, options) {
+    this.base_initialize(element, update, options);
+    this.options.array = array;
+  },
+
+  getUpdatedChoices: function() {
+    this.updateChoices(this.options.selector(this));
+  },
+
+  setOptions: function(options) {
+    this.options = Object.extend({
+      choices: 10,
+      partial_search: true,
+      partial_chars: 2,
+      ignore_case: true,
+      full_search: false,
+      selector: function(instance) {
+        var ret       = new Array(); // Beginning matches
+        var partial   = new Array(); // Inside matches
+        var entry     = instance.getEntry();
+        var count     = 0;
+        
+        for (var i = 0; i < instance.options.array.length &&  
+            ret.length < instance.options.choices ; i++) { 
+          var elem = instance.options.array[i];
+          var found_pos = instance.options.ignore_case ? 
+            elem.toLowerCase().indexOf(entry.toLowerCase()) : 
+            elem.indexOf(entry);
+
+          while (found_pos != -1) {
+            if (found_pos == 0 && elem.length != entry.length) { 
+              ret.push("<li><strong>" + elem.substr(0, entry.length) + "</strong>" + 
+                elem.substr(entry.length) + "</li>");
+              break;
+            } else if (entry.length >= instance.options.partial_chars && 
+              instance.options.partial_search && found_pos != -1) {
+              if (instance.options.full_search || /\s/.test(elem.substr(found_pos-1,1))) {
+                partial.push("<li>" + elem.substr(0, found_pos) + "<strong>" +
+                  elem.substr(found_pos, entry.length) + "</strong>" + elem.substr(
+                  found_pos + entry.length) + "</li>");
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+
+            found_pos = instance.options.ignore_case ? 
+              elem.toLowerCase().indexOf(entry.toLowerCase(), found_pos + 1) : 
+              elem.indexOf(entry, found_pos + 1);
+
+          }
+        }
+        if (partial.length)
+          ret = ret.concat(partial.slice(0, instance.options.choices - ret.length))
+        return "<ul>" + ret.join('') + "</ul>";
+      }
+    }, options || {});
   }
-});
\ No newline at end of file
+});
diff --git a/railties/html/javascripts/dragdrop.js b/railties/html/javascripts/dragdrop.js
index 2bf84f1cb1..c0fd1d1e53 100644
--- a/railties/html/javascripts/dragdrop.js
+++ b/railties/html/javascripts/dragdrop.js
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ var Droppables = {
   
   add: function(element) {
     var element = $(element);
-    var options = {
+    var options = Object.extend({
       greedy:     true,
       hoverclass: null  
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     
     // cache containers
     if(options.containment) {
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ Draggables = {
   addObserver: function(observer) {
     this.observers.push(observer);    
   },
-  removeObserver: function(observer) {
+  removeObserver: function(element) {  // element instead of obsever fixes mem leaks
     for(var i = 0; i < this.observers.length; i++)
-      if(this.observers[i] = observer)
+      if(this.observers[i].element && (this.observers[i].element == element))
         this.observers.splice(i,1);
   },
   notify: function(eventName, draggable) {  // 'onStart', 'onEnd'
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ Draggables = {
 Draggable = Class.create();
 Draggable.prototype = {
   initialize: function(element) {
-    var options = {
+    var options = Object.extend({
       handle: false,
       starteffect: function(element) { 
         new Effect.Opacity(element, {duration:0.2, from:1.0, to:0.7}); 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ Draggable.prototype = {
       },
       zindex: 1000,
       revert: false
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     
     this.element      = $(element);
     this.handle       = options.handle ? $(options.handle) : this.element;
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ Sortable = {
     for(var i=0;i<this.sortables.length;i++) {
       if(this.sortables[i].element == element) {
         var s = this.sortables[i];
-        Draggables.removeObserver(s.observer);
+        Draggables.removeObserver(s.element);
         for(var j=0;j<s.droppables.length;j++)
           Droppables.remove(s.droppables[j]);
         for(var j=0;j<s.draggables.length;j++)
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ Sortable = {
   },
   create: function(element) {
     var element = $(element);
-    var options = { 
+    var options = Object.extend({ 
       element:     element,
       tag:         'li',       // assumes li children, override with tag: 'tagname'
       overlap:     'vertical', // one of 'vertical', 'horizontal'
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ Sortable = {
       hoverclass:  null,
       onChange:    function() {},
       onUpdate:    function() {}
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     
     // clear any old sortable with same element
     this.destroy(element);
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ Sortable = {
         var handle = options.handle ? 
           Element.Class.childrenWith(elements[i], options.handle)[0] : elements[i];
         
-        options.draggables.push(new Draggable(elements[i], options_for_draggable.extend({ handle: handle })));
+        options.draggables.push(new Draggable(elements[i], Object.extend(options_for_draggable, { handle: handle })));
         
         Droppables.add(elements[i], options_for_droppable);
         options.droppables.push(elements[i]);
@@ -510,18 +510,17 @@ Sortable = {
     this.sortables.push(options);
     
     // for onupdate
-    options.observer = new SortableObserver(element, options.onUpdate);
-    Draggables.addObserver(options.observer);
+    Draggables.addObserver(new SortableObserver(element, options.onUpdate));
 
   },
   serialize: function(element) {
     var element = $(element);
     var sortableOptions = this.options(element);
-    var options = {
+    var options = Object.extend({
       tag:  sortableOptions.tag,
       only: sortableOptions.only,
       name: element.id
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     
     var items = $(element).childNodes;
     var queryComponents = new Array();
diff --git a/railties/html/javascripts/effects.js b/railties/html/javascripts/effects.js
index abc706673b..a8735f507c 100644
--- a/railties/html/javascripts/effects.js
+++ b/railties/html/javascripts/effects.js
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ Element.undoClipping = function(element) {
 Effect.Base = function() {};
 Effect.Base.prototype = {
   setOptions: function(options) {
-    this.options = {
+    this.options = Object.extend({
       transition: Effect.Transitions.sinoidal,
       duration:   1.0,   // seconds
       fps:        25.0,  // max. 100fps
       sync:       false, // true for combining
       from:       0.0,
       to:         1.0
-    }.extend(options || {});
+    }, options || {});
   },
   start: function(options) {
     this.setOptions(options || {});
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Effect.Base.prototype = {
 }
 
 Effect.Parallel = Class.create();
-Effect.Parallel.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.Parallel.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(effects) {
     this.effects = effects || [];
     this.start(arguments[1]);
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ Effect.Parallel.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 // a 'layout', meaning having a given width or height. 
 // There is no way to safely set this automatically.
 Effect.Opacity = Class.create();
-Effect.Opacity.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.Opacity.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(element) {
     this.element = $(element);
-    options = {
+    options = Object.extend({
       from: 0.0,
       to:   1.0
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     this.start(options);
   },
   update: function(position) {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Effect.Opacity.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 });
 
 Effect.MoveBy = Class.create();
-Effect.MoveBy.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.MoveBy.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(element, toTop, toLeft) {
     this.element      = $(element);
     this.originalTop  = parseFloat(this.element.style.top || '0');
@@ -188,17 +188,17 @@ Effect.MoveBy.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 });
 
 Effect.Scale = Class.create();
-Effect.Scale.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.Scale.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(element, percent) {
     this.element = $(element)
-    options = {
+    options = Object.extend({
       scaleX: true,
       scaleY: true,
       scaleContent: true,
       scaleFromCenter: false,
       scaleMode: 'box',        // 'box' or 'contents' or {} with provided values
       scaleFrom: 100.0
-    }.extend(arguments[2] || {});
+    }, arguments[2] || {});
     this.originalTop    = this.element.offsetTop;
     this.originalLeft   = this.element.offsetLeft;
     if(this.element.style.fontSize=="") this.sizeEm = 1.0;
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ Effect.Scale.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 });
 
 Effect.Highlight = Class.create();
-Effect.Highlight.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.Highlight.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(element) {
     this.element = $(element);
     
@@ -259,11 +259,11 @@ Effect.Highlight.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
       var cols = current.slice(4,current.length-1).split(',');
       var i=0; do { endcolor += parseInt(cols[i]).toColorPart() } while (++i<3); }
       
-    var options = {
+    var options = Object.extend({
       startcolor:   "#ffff99",
       endcolor:     endcolor,
       restorecolor: current 
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+    }, arguments[1] || {});
     
     // init color calculations
     this.colors_base = [
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Effect.Highlight.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 });
 
 Effect.ScrollTo = Class.create();
-Effect.ScrollTo.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
+Object.extend(Object.extend(Effect.ScrollTo.prototype, Effect.Base.prototype), {
   initialize: function(element) {
     this.element = $(element);
     Position.prepare();
@@ -315,18 +315,18 @@ Effect.ScrollTo.prototype.extend(Effect.Base.prototype).extend({
 /* ------------- prepackaged effects ------------- */
 
 Effect.Fade = function(element) {
-  options = {
+  options = Object.extend({
   from: 1.0,
   to:   0.0,
   afterFinish: function(effect) 
     { Element.hide(effect.element);
       effect.setOpacity(1); } 
-  }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+  }, arguments[1] || {});
   new Effect.Opacity(element,options);
 }
 
 Effect.Appear = function(element) {
-  options = {
+  options = Object.extend({
   from: 0.0,
   to:   1.0,
   beforeStart: function(effect)  
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ Effect.Appear = function(element) {
       Element.show(effect.element); },
   afterUpdate: function(effect)  
     { Element.show(effect.element); }
-  }.extend(arguments[1] || {});
+  }, arguments[1] || {});
   new Effect.Opacity(element,options);
 }
 
@@ -354,14 +354,14 @@ Effect.Puff = function(element) {
 Effect.BlindUp = function(element) {
   Element.makeClipping(element);
   new Effect.Scale(element, 0, 
-    { scaleContent: false, 
+    Object.extend({ scaleContent: false, 
       scaleX: false, 
       afterFinish: function(effect) 
         { 
           Element.hide(effect.element);
           Element.undoClipping(effect.element);
         } 
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {})
+    }, arguments[1] || {})
   );
 }
 
@@ -370,14 +370,14 @@ Effect.BlindDown = function(element) {
   Element.makeClipping(element);
   Element.show(element);
   new Effect.Scale(element, 100, 
-    { scaleContent: false, 
+    Object.extend({ scaleContent: false, 
       scaleX: false, 
       scaleMode: 'contents',
       scaleFrom: 0,
       afterFinish: function(effect) {
         Element.undoClipping(effect.element);
       }
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {})
+    }, arguments[1] || {})
   );
 }
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ Effect.SlideDown = function(element) {
   Element.makePositioned(element.firstChild);
   Element.show(element);
   new Effect.Scale(element, 100, 
-   { scaleContent: false, 
+   Object.extend({ scaleContent: false, 
     scaleX: false, 
     scaleMode: 'contents',
     scaleFrom: 0,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Effect.SlideDown = function(element) {
           (effect.originalHeight - effect.element.clientHeight) + 'px'; },
     afterFinish: function(effect) 
       {  Element.undoClipping(effect.element); }
-    }.extend(arguments[1] || {})
+    }, arguments[1] || {})
   );
 }
   
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ Effect.SlideUp = function(element) {
   Element.makePositioned(element.firstChild);
   Element.show(element);
   new Effect.Scale(element, 0, 
-   { scaleContent: false, 
+   Object.extend({ scaleContent: false, 
     scaleX: false, 
     afterUpdate: function(effect) 
       { effect.element.firstChild.style.bottom = 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ Effect.SlideUp = function(element) {
         Element.hide(effect.element);
         Element.undoClipping(effect.element);
       }
-   }.extend(arguments[1] || {})
+   }, arguments[1] || {})
   );
 }
 
@@ -582,14 +582,14 @@ Effect.Pulsate = function(element) {
   var reverser   = function(pos){ return transition(1-Effect.Transitions.pulse(pos)) };
   reverser.bind(transition);
   new Effect.Opacity(element, 
-    {  duration: 3.0,
+    Object.extend(Object.extend({  duration: 3.0,
        afterFinish: function(effect) { Element.show(effect.element); }
-    }.extend(options).extend({transition: reverser}));
+    }, options), {transition: reverser}));
 }
 
 Effect.Fold = function(element) {
  $(element).style.overflow = 'hidden';
- new Effect.Scale(element, 5, {   
+ new Effect.Scale(element, 5, Object.extend({   
    scaleContent: false,
    scaleTo: 100,
    scaleX: false,
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Effect.Fold = function(element) {
      scaleTo: 0,
      scaleY: false,
      afterFinish: function(effect) { Element.hide(effect.element) } });
- }}.extend(arguments[1] || {}));
+ }}, arguments[1] || {}));
 }
 
 // old: new Effect.ContentZoom(element, percent)