diff options
| author | Pratik Naik <pratiknaik@gmail.com> | 2009-01-22 16:07:57 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Pratik Naik <pratiknaik@gmail.com> | 2009-01-22 16:07:57 +0000 |
| commit | 741bf96a424256648f2624959f0da7602e81bf4c (patch) | |
| tree | 952eb41c97684fafe4eba788cbcda9f3b921c788 /railties/doc/guides | |
| parent | ca250bdce1a36e9842aff37ee6daa7eae2c26a77 (diff) | |
| download | rails-741bf96a424256648f2624959f0da7602e81bf4c.tar.gz rails-741bf96a424256648f2624959f0da7602e81bf4c.tar.bz2 rails-741bf96a424256648f2624959f0da7602e81bf4c.zip | |
Regenerate guides
Diffstat (limited to 'railties/doc/guides')
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/html/action_mailer_basics.html | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html | 223 |
3 files changed, 179 insertions, 106 deletions
diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/html/action_mailer_basics.html b/railties/doc/guides/html/action_mailer_basics.html index 56451818eb..c59012ec22 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/html/action_mailer_basics.html +++ b/railties/doc/guides/html/action_mailer_basics.html @@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ <li> <a href="#_mailer_testing">Mailer Testing</a> </li> + <li> + <a href="#_epilogue">Epilogue</a> + </li> </ol> </div> @@ -189,6 +192,33 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<h2 id="_mailer_testing">3. Mailer Testing</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Testing mailers involves 2 things. One is that the mail was queued and the other that the body contains what we expect it to contain. With that in mind, we could test our example mailer from above like so:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
+by Lorenzo Bettini
+http://www.lorenzobettini.it
+http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
+<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> UserMailerTest <span style="color: #990000"><</span> ActionMailer<span style="color: #990000">::</span>TestCase
+ tests UserMailer
+
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> test_welcome_email
+ user <span style="color: #990000">=</span> users<span style="color: #990000">(:</span>some_user_in_your_fixtures<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
+
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Send the email, then test that it got queued</span></span>
+ email <span style="color: #990000">=</span> UserMailer<span style="color: #990000">.</span>deliver_welcome_email<span style="color: #990000">(</span>user<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
+ assert <span style="color: #990000">!</span>ActionMailer<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #990000">.</span>deliveries<span style="color: #990000">.</span>empty?
+
+ <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Test the body of the sent email contains what we expect it to</span></span>
+ assert_equal <span style="color: #990000">[</span><span style="color: #009900">@user</span><span style="color: #990000">.</span>email<span style="color: #990000">],</span> email<span style="color: #990000">.</span>to
+ assert_equal <span style="color: #FF0000">"Welcome to My Awesome Site"</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> email<span style="color: #990000">.</span>subject
+ assert email<span style="color: #990000">.</span>body <span style="color: #990000">=~</span> <span style="color: #FF6600">/Welcome to example.com, #{user.first_name}/</span>
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
+ <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>What have we done? Well, we sent the email and stored the returned object in the email variable. We then ensured that it was sent (the first assert), then, in the second batch of assertion, we ensure that the email does indeed contain the values that we expect.</p></div>
+</div>
+<h2 id="_epilogue">4. Epilogue</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This guide presented how to create a mailer and how to test it. In reality, you may find that writing your tests before you actually write your code to be a rewarding experience. It may take some time to get used to TDD (Test Driven Development), but coding this way achieves two major benefits. Firstly, you know that the code does indeed work, because the tests fail (because there’s no code), then they pass, because the code that satisfies the tests was written. Secondly, when you start with the tests, you don’t have to make time AFTER you write the code, to write the tests, then never get around to it. The tests are already there and testing has now become part of your coding regimen.</p></div>
</div>
</div> diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html b/railties/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html index 3347f77228..1c512519f9 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html +++ b/railties/doc/guides/html/creating_plugins.html @@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ ActiveRecord<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base<span style="color: #99000 | `-- yaffle.rb</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>As always, start with a test:</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/yaffle/woodpecker_test.rb:</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/test/woodpecker_test.rb:</strong></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ Rails<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000" Rails<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Destroy<span style="color: #990000">.</span>send <span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">include</span></span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> Yaffle<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Destroy
Rails<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>List<span style="color: #990000">.</span>send <span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">include</span></span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> Yaffle<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>List
Rails<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Update<span style="color: #990000">.</span>send <span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">include</span></span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> Yaffle<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Generator<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Commands<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Update</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/generators/yaffle/yaffle_route_generator.rb</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/generators/yaffle_route/yaffle_route_generator.rb</strong></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1266,25 +1266,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here are a few possibilities for how to allow developers to use your plugin migrations:</p></div>
<h3 id="_create_a_custom_rake_task">11.1. Create a custom rake task</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/lib/db/migrate/20081116181115_create_birdhouses.rb:</strong></p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> CreateBirdhouses <span style="color: #990000"><</span> ActiveRecord<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Migration
- <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">self</span></span><span style="color: #990000">.</span>up
- create_table <span style="color: #990000">:</span>birdhouses<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>force <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">true</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>t<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
- t<span style="color: #990000">.</span>string <span style="color: #990000">:</span>name
- t<span style="color: #990000">.</span>timestamps
- <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
- <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
-
- <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">self</span></span><span style="color: #990000">.</span>down
- drop_table <span style="color: #990000">:</span>birdhouses
- <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
-<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle.rake:</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle_tasks.rake:</strong></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1406,7 +1388,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </tr></table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>After running the test with <em>rake</em> you can make it pass with:</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/generators/yaffle/yaffle_generator.rb</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/generators/yaffle_migration/yaffle_migration_generator.rb</strong></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1463,9 +1445,9 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<h2 id="_rake_tasks">12. Rake tasks</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When you created the plugin with the built-in rails generator, it generated a rake file for you in <em>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle.rake</em>. Any rake task you add here will be available to the app.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>When you created the plugin with the built-in rails generator, it generated a rake file for you in <em>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle_tasks.rake</em>. Any rake task you add here will be available to the app.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Many plugin authors put all of their rake tasks into a common namespace that is the same as the plugin, like so:</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle.rake</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>vendor/plugins/yaffle/tasks/yaffle_tasks.rake</strong></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1577,7 +1559,7 @@ Warning, gotchas or tips that might help save users time </li>
<li>
<p>
-<a href="http://nubyonrails.com/articles/2006/05/09/the-complete-guide-to-rails-plugins-part-ii">http://nubyonrails.com/articles/2006/05/09/the-complete-guide-to-rails-plugins-part-ii</a>
+<a href="http://nubyonrails.com/articles/the-complete-guide-to-rails-plugins-part-ii">http://nubyonrails.com/articles/the-complete-guide-to-rails-plugins-part-ii</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html b/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html index 386b801d64..60253145de 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html +++ b/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html @@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ <li><a href="#_setting_locale_from_the_url_params">Setting locale from the URL params</a></li> + <li><a href="#_setting_locale_from_the_client_supplied_information">Setting locale from the client supplied information</a></li> + </ul> </li> <li> @@ -125,13 +127,27 @@ <h1>The Rails Internationalization (I18n) API</h1> <div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The Ruby I18n (shorthand for <em>internationalization</em>) gem which is shipped with Ruby on Rails (starting from Rails 2.2) provides an easy-to-use and extensible framework for translating your application to a single custom language other than English or providing multi-language support in your application.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The Ruby I18n (shorthand for <em>internationalization</em>) gem which is shipped with Ruby on Rails (starting from Rails 2.2) provides an easy-to-use and extensible framework for <strong>translating your application to a single custom language</strong> other than English or for <strong>providing multi-language support</strong> in your application.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the process of <em>localizing</em> your application you’ll probably want to do following two things:</p></div>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Replace or supplement Rail’s default locale — eg. date and time formats, month names, ActiveRecord model names, etc
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Abstract texts in your application into keyed dictionaries — eg. flash messages, static texts in your views, etc
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This guide will walk you through the I18n API and contains a tutorial how to internationalize a Rails application from the start.</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
</td>
-<td class="content">The Ruby I18n framework provides you with all neccessary means for internationalization/localization of your Rails application. You may, however, use any of various plugins and extensions available. See Rails <a href="http://rails-i18n.org/wiki">I18n Wiki</a> for more information.</td>
+<td class="content">The Ruby I18n framework provides you with all neccessary means for internationalization/localization of your Rails application. You may, however, use any of various plugins and extensions available, which add additional functionality or features. See Rails <a href="http://rails-i18n.org/wiki">I18n Wiki</a> for more information.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
</div>
@@ -264,7 +280,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>default_locale <span style="color: #990 <td class="icon">
<img src="./images/icons/warning.png" alt="Warning" />
</td>
-<td class="content">You may be tempted to store choosed locale in a <em>session</em> or a <em>cookie</em>. <strong>Do not do so</strong>. The locale should be transparent and a part of the URL. This way you don’t break people’s basic assumptions about the web itself: if you send a URL of some page to a friend, she should see the same page, same content. A fancy word for this would be that you’re being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer"><em>RESTful</em></a>. There may be some exceptions to this rule, which are discussed below.</td>
+<td class="content">You may be tempted to store choosed locale in a <em>session</em> or a <em>cookie</em>. <strong>Do not do so</strong>. The locale should be transparent and a part of the URL. This way you don’t break people’s basic assumptions about the web itself: if you send a URL of some page to a friend, she should see the same page, same content. A fancy word for this would be that you’re being <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer"><em>RESTful</em></a>. Read more about RESTful approach in <a href="http://www.infoq.com/articles/rest-introduction">Stefan Tilkov’s articles</a>. There may be some exceptions to this rule, which are discussed below.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>setting part</em> is easy. You can set locale in a <tt>before_filter</tt> in the ApplicationController like this:</p></div>
@@ -278,7 +294,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># if params[:locale] is nil then I18n.default_locale will be used</span></span>
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>locale <span style="color: #990000">=</span> params<span style="color: #990000">[:</span>locale<span style="color: #990000">]</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This requires you to pass the locale as a URL query parameter as in <tt>http://example.com/books?locale=pt</tt>. (This is eg. Google’s approach). So <tt>http://localhost:3000?locale=pt</tt> will load the Portugese localization, whereas <tt>http://localhost:3000?locale=de</tt> would load the German localization, and so on.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This requires you to pass the locale as a URL query parameter as in <tt>http://example.com/books?locale=pt</tt>. (This is eg. Google’s approach). So <tt>http://localhost:3000?locale=pt</tt> will load the Portugese localization, whereas <tt>http://localhost:3000?locale=de</tt> would load the German localization, and so on. You may skip the next section and head over to the <strong>Internationalize your application</strong> section, if you want to try things out by manually placing locale in the URL and reloading the page.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, you probably don’t want to manually include locale in every URL all over your application, or want the URLs look differently, eg. the usual <tt>http://example.com/pt/books</tt> versus <tt>http://example.com/en/books</tt>. Let’s discuss the different options you have.</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
@@ -324,7 +340,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> available_locales<span style="color: #990000">;</span> AVAILABLE_LOCALES<span style="color: #990000">;</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="_setting_locale_from_the_domain_name">2.4. Setting locale from the domain name</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>One option you have is to set the locale from the domain name, where your application runs. For example, we want <tt>www.example.com</tt> to load English (or default) locale, and <tt>www.example.es</tt> to load Spanish locale. Thus the <em>top-level domain name</em> is used for locale setting. This has several advantages:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>One option you have is to set the locale from the domain name where your application runs. For example, we want <tt>www.example.com</tt> to load English (or default) locale, and <tt>www.example.es</tt> to load Spanish locale. Thus the <em>top-level domain name</em> is used for locale setting. This has several advantages:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
@@ -381,28 +397,63 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> parsed_locale <span style="color: #990000">=</span> request<span style="color: #990000">.</span>subdomains<span style="color: #990000">.</span>first
<span style="color: #990000">(</span>available_locales<span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">include</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?</span> parsed_locale<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #990000">?</span> parsed_locale <span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">nil</span></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application includes a locale switching menu, you would then have something like this in it:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
+by Lorenzo Bettini
+http://www.lorenzobettini.it
+http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
+<pre><tt>link_to<span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #FF0000">"Deutsch"</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"#{APP_CONFIG[:deutsch_website_url]}#{request.env['REQUEST_URI']}"</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>assuming you would set <tt>APP_CONFIG[:deutsch_website_url]</tt> to some value like <tt>http://www.application.de</tt>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This solution has aforementioned advantages, however, you may not be able or may not want to provide different localizations ("language versions") on different domains. The most obvious solution would be to include locale code in the URL params (or request path).</p></div>
<h3 id="_setting_locale_from_the_url_params">2.5. Setting locale from the URL params</h3>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-TODO : Based on <strong><tt>default_url options</tt></strong>, <a href="http://github.com/karmi/test_default_url_options/blob/master/app/controllers/application.rb#L22-26">http://github.com/karmi/test_default_url_options/blob/master/app/controllers/application.rb#L22-26</a>
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-TODO : Discussion of plugins (translate_routes and routing_filter)
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Most usual way of setting (and passing) the locale would be to include it in URL params, as we did in the <tt>I18n.locale = params[:locale]</tt> <em>before_filter</em> in the first example. We would like to have URLs like <tt>www.example.com/books?locale=ja</tt> or <tt>www.example.com/ja/books</tt> in this case.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This approach has almost the same set of advantages as setting the locale from domain name: namely that it’s RESTful and in accord with rest of the World Wide Web. It does require a little bit more work to implement, though.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Getting the locale from <tt>params</tt> and setting it accordingly is not hard; including it in every URL and thus <strong>passing it through the requests</strong> is. To include an explicit option in every URL (eg. <tt>link_to( books_url(:locale => I18n.locale) )</tt>) would be tedious and probably impossible, of course.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails contains infrastructure for "centralizing dynamic decisions about the URLs" in its <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Base.html#M000515"><tt><strong>ApplicationController#default_url_options</strong></tt></a>, which is useful precisely in this scenario: it enables us to set "defaults" for <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Base.html#M000503"><tt>url_for</tt></a> and helper methods dependent on it (by implementing/overriding this method).</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We can include something like this in our ApplicationController then:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
+by Lorenzo Bettini
+http://www.lorenzobettini.it
+http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
+<pre><tt><span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># app/controllers/application_controller.rb</span></span>
+<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">def</span></span> default_url_options<span style="color: #990000">(</span>options<span style="color: #990000">=</span><span style="color: #FF0000">{}</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span>
+ logger<span style="color: #990000">.</span>debug <span style="color: #FF0000">"default_url_options is passed options: #{options.inspect}\n"</span>
+ <span style="color: #FF0000">{</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>locale <span style="color: #990000">=></span> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>locale <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
+<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Every helper method dependent on <tt>url_for</tt> (eg. helpers for named routes like <tt>root_path</tt> or <tt>root_url</tt>, resource routes like <tt>books_path</tt> or <tt>books_url</tt>, etc.) will now <strong>automatically include the locale in the query string</strong>, like this: <tt>http://localhost:3001/?locale=ja</tt>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>You may be satisfied with this. It does impact the readability of URLs, though, when the locale "hangs" at the end of every URL in your application. Moreover, from the architectural standpoint, locale is usually hierarchically above the other parts of application domain: and URLs should reflect this.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>You probably want URLs look like this: <tt>www.example.com/en/books</tt> versus <tt>www.example.com/nl/books</tt>. This is achievable with the over-riding <tt>default_url_options</tt> strategy: you just have to set up your routes with <a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Resources.html#M000354"><tt>path_prefix</tt></a> option in this way:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
+by Lorenzo Bettini
+http://www.lorenzobettini.it
+http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
+<pre><tt><span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># config/routes.rb</span></span>
+map<span style="color: #990000">.</span>resources <span style="color: #990000">:</span>books<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>path_prefix <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'/:locale'</span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Now, when you call <tt>books_path</tt> method you should get <tt>"/en/books"</tt> (for the default locale). An URL like <tt>http://localhost:3001/nl/books</tt> should load the Netherlands locale, then, and so on.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, you need to take special care of root URL (usually "homepage" or "dashboard") of your application. An URL like <tt>http://localhost:3001/nl</tt> will not work automatically, because the <tt>map.root :controller => "dashboard"</tt> declaration in your <tt>routes.rb</tt> doesn’t take locale into account. (And rightly so. There’s only one "root" URL.)</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>You would probably need to map URLs like these:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
+by Lorenzo Bettini
+http://www.lorenzobettini.it
+http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
+<pre><tt><span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># config/routes.rb</span></span>
+map<span style="color: #990000">.</span>dashboard <span style="color: #FF0000">'/:locale'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>controller <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"dashboard"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Do take special care about the <strong>order of your routes</strong>, so this route declaration does not "eat" other ones. (You may want to add it directly before the <tt>map.root</tt> declaration.)</p></div>
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
-<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
+<img src="./images/icons/important.png" alt="Important" />
</td>
-<td class="content">For setting locale from URL see <a href="http://rails-i18n.org/wiki/pages/how-to-encode-the-current-locale-in-the-url">How to encode the current locale in the URL</a> in the Rails i18n Wiki.</td>
+<td class="content">This solution has currently one rather big <strong>downside</strong>. Due to the <em>default_url_options</em> implementation, you have to pass the <tt>:id</tt> option explicitely, like this: <tt>link_to <em>Show</em>, book_url(:id => book)</tt> and not depend on Rails' magic in code like <tt>link_to <em>Show</em>, book</tt>. If this should be a problem, have a look on two plugins which simplify working with routes in this way: Sven Fuchs’s <a href="http://github.com/svenfuchs/routing-filter/tree/master"><em>routing_filter</em></a> and Raul Murciano’s <a href="http://github.com/raul/translate_routes/tree/master"><em>translate_routes</em></a>. See also the page <a href="http://rails-i18n.org/wiki/pages/how-to-encode-the-current-locale-in-the-url">How to encode the current locale in the URL</a> in the Rails i18n Wiki.</td>
</tr></table>
</div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Now you’ve initialized I18n support for your application and told it which locale should be used. With that in place you’re now ready for the really interesting stuff.</p></div>
+<h3 id="_setting_locale_from_the_client_supplied_information">2.6. Setting locale from the client supplied information</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p># TODO: Accept-Language, GeoIP, etc. Explain why it is not such a good idea in most cases.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>OK! Now you’ve initialized I18n support for your application and told it which locale should be used and how to preserve it between requests. With that in place you’re now ready for the really interesting stuff.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_internationalize_your_application">3. Internationalize your application</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
@@ -432,7 +483,7 @@ ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Routing<span style="color: <img src="images/i18n/demo_untranslated.png" alt="rails i18n demo untranslated" title="rails i18n demo untranslated" />
</span></p></div>
<h3 id="_adding_translations">3.1. Adding Translations</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Obviously there are two strings that are localized to English. In order to internationalize this code replace these strings with calls to Rails' #t helper with a key that makes sense for the translation:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Obviously there are <strong>two strings that are localized to English</strong>. In order to internationalize this code replace these strings with calls to Rails' <tt>#t</tt> helper with a key that makes sense for the translation:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -475,7 +526,7 @@ en<span style="color: #990000">:</span> pirate<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
hello_world<span style="color: #990000">:</span> Ahoy World
hello_flash<span style="color: #990000">:</span> Ahoy Flash</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>There you go. Because you haven’t changed the default_locale I18n will use English. Your application now shows:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>There you go. Because you haven’t changed the default_locale, I18n will use English. Your application now shows:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
<img src="images/i18n/demo_translated_en.png" alt="rails i18n demo translated to english" title="rails i18n demo translated to english" />
</span></p></div>
@@ -483,9 +534,16 @@ pirate<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
<img src="images/i18n/demo_translated_pirate.png" alt="rails i18n demo translated to pirate" title="rails i18n demo translated to pirate" />
</span></p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>NOTE You need to restart the server when you add new locale files.</p></div>
+<div class="admonitionblock">
+<table><tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
+</td>
+<td class="content">You need to restart the server when you add new locale files.</td>
+</tr></table>
+</div>
<h3 id="_adding_date_time_formats">3.2. Adding Date/Time formats</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Ok, let’s add a timestamp to the view so we can demo the date/time localization feature as well. To localize the time format you pass the Time object to I18n.l or (preferably) use Rails' #l helper. You can pick a format by passing the :format option, by default the :default format is used.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>OK! Now let’s add a timestamp to the view, so we can demo the <strong>date/time localization</strong> feature as well. To localize the time format you pass the Time object to <tt>I18n.l</tt> or (preferably) use Rails' <tt>#l</tt> helper. You can pick a format by passing the <tt>:format</tt> option — by default the <tt>:default</tt> format is used.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -510,7 +568,14 @@ pirate<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
<img src="images/i18n/demo_localized_pirate.png" alt="rails i18n demo localized time to pirate" title="rails i18n demo localized time to pirate" />
</span></p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>NOTE Right now you might need to add some more date/time formats in order to make the I18n backend work as expected. See the <a href="http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale">rails-i18n repository</a> for starting points.</p></div>
+<div class="admonitionblock">
+<table><tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
+</td>
+<td class="content">Right now you might need to add some more date/time formats in order to make the I18n backend work as expected. Of course, there’s a great chance that somebody already did all the work by <strong>translating Rails’s defaults for your locale</strong>. See the <a href="http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale">rails-i18n repository at Github</a> for an archive of various locale files. When you put such file(s) in <tt>config/locale/</tt> directory, they will automatically ready for use.</td>
+</tr></table>
+</div>
</div>
<h2 id="_overview_of_the_i18n_api_features">4. Overview of the I18n API features</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
@@ -547,14 +612,14 @@ http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>message
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #FF0000">'message'</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>translate also takes a :scope option which can contain one or many additional keys that will be used to specify a “namespace” or scope for a translation key:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>translate</tt> also takes a <tt>:scope</tt> option which can contain one or many additional keys that will be used to specify a “namespace” or scope for a translation key:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>invalid<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>scope <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">[:</span>active_record<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>error_messages<span style="color: #990000">]</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This looks up the :invalid message in the Active Record error messages.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This looks up the <tt>:invalid</tt> message in the Active Record error messages.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, both the key and scopes can be specified as dot separated keys as in:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
@@ -582,7 +647,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>missing<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>default <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'Not here'</span>
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => 'Not here'</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the default value is a Symbol it will be used as a key and translated. One can provide multiple values as default. The first one that results in a value will be returned.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g. the following first tries to translate the key :missing and then the key :also_missing. As both do not yield a result the string "Not here" will be returned:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g. the following first tries to translate the key <tt>:missing</tt> and then the key <tt>:also_missing.</tt> As both do not yield a result the string "Not here" will be returned:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -608,8 +673,8 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #FF0000">'active_record.error_messages'</span>
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => { :inclusion => "is not included in the list", :exclusion => ... }</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="_interpolation">4.2. Interpolation</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that variables can be interpolated into the translation. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>All options besides :default and :scope that are passed to #translate will be interpolated to the translation:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that <strong>variables can be interpolated into the translation</strong>. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>All options besides <tt>:default</tt> and <tt>:scope</tt> that are passed to <tt>#translate</tt> will be interpolated to the translation:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -618,10 +683,10 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>backend<span style="color: #990000">.</span>store_translations <span style="color: #990000">:</span>en<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>thanks <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'Thanks {{name}}!'</span>
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>translate <span style="color: #990000">:</span>thanks<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>name <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'Jeremy'</span>
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => 'Thanks Jeremy!'</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If a translation uses :default or :scope as a interpolation variable an I18n::ReservedInterpolationKey exception is raised. If a translation expects an interpolation variable but it has not been passed to #translate an I18n::MissingInterpolationArgument exception is raised.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If a translation uses <tt>:default</tt> or <tt>:scope</tt> as a interpolation variable an I+18n::ReservedInterpolationKey+ exception is raised. If a translation expects an interpolation variable but it has not been passed to <tt>#translate</tt> an <tt>I18n::MissingInterpolationArgument</tt> exception is raised.</p></div>
<h3 id="_pluralization">4.3. Pluralization</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In English there’s only a singular and a plural form for a given string, e.g. "1 message" and "2 messages". Other languages (<a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ar">Arabic</a>, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ja">Japanese</a>, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ru">Russian</a> and many more) have different grammars that have additional or less <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html">plural forms</a>. Thus, the I18n API provides a flexible pluralization feature.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The :count interpolation variable has a special role in that it both is interpolated to the translation and used to pick a pluralization from the translations according to the pluralization rules defined by CLDR:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>:count</tt> interpolation variable has a special role in that it both is interpolated to the translation and used to pick a pluralization from the translations according to the pluralization rules defined by CLDR:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -633,18 +698,18 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>translate <span style="color: #990000">:</span>inbox<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>count <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #993399">2</span>
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => '2 messages'</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The algorithm for pluralizations in :en is as simple as:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The algorithm for pluralizations in <tt>:en</tt> is as simple as:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt>entry<span style="color: #990000">[</span>count <span style="color: #990000">==</span> <span style="color: #993399">1</span> <span style="color: #990000">?</span> <span style="color: #993399">0</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #993399">1</span><span style="color: #990000">]</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>I.e. the translation denoted as :one is regarded as singular, the other is used as plural (including the count being zero).</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If the lookup for the key does not return an Hash suitable for pluralization an I18n::InvalidPluralizationData exception is raised.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>I.e. the translation denoted as <tt>:one</tt> is regarded as singular, the other is used as plural (including the count being zero).</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If the lookup for the key does not return an Hash suitable for pluralization an <tt>18n::InvalidPluralizationData</tt> exception is raised.</p></div>
<h3 id="_setting_and_passing_a_locale">4.4. Setting and passing a locale</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The locale can be either set pseudo-globally to I18n.locale (which uses Thread.current like, e.g., Time.zone) or can be passed as an option to #translate and #localize.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If no locale is passed I18n.locale is used:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The locale can be either set pseudo-globally to <tt>I18n.locale</tt> (which uses <tt>Thread.current</tt> like, e.g., <tt>Time.zone</tt>) or can be passed as an option to <tt>#translate</tt> and <tt>#localize</tt>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If no locale is passed <tt>I18n.locale</tt> is used:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -661,7 +726,7 @@ http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>foo<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>locale <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>de
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>l Time<span style="color: #990000">.</span>now<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>locale <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>de</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>I18n.locale defaults to I18n.default_locale which defaults to :en. The default locale can be set like this:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>I18n.locale</tt> defaults to <tt>I18n.default_locale</tt> which defaults to :<tt>en</tt>. The default locale can be set like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -694,8 +759,8 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <pre><tt>pt<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
foo<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
bar<span style="color: #990000">:</span> baz</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>As you see in both cases the toplevel key is the locale. :foo is a namespace key and :bar is the key for the translation "baz".</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Here is a "real" example from the ActiveSupport en.yml translations YAML file:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>As you see in both cases the toplevel key is the locale. <tt>:foo</tt> is a namespace key and <tt>:bar</tt> is the key for the translation "baz".</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Here is a "real" example from the ActiveSupport <tt>en.yml</tt> translations YAML file:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -707,7 +772,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> default<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"%Y-%m-%d"</span>
short<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"%b %d"</span>
long<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"%B %d, %Y"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>So, all of the following equivalent lookups will return the :short date format "%B %d":</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>So, all of the following equivalent lookups will return the <tt>:short</tt> date format <tt>"%B %d"</tt>:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -717,9 +782,9 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #FF0000">'formats.short'</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>scope <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>date
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>short<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>scope <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF0000">'date.formats'</span>
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span>short<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>scope <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">[:</span>date<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>formats<span style="color: #990000">]</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Generally we recommend using YAML as a format for storing translations. There are cases though where you want to store Ruby lambdas as part of your locale data, e.g. for special date</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Generally we recommend using YAML as a format for storing translations. There are cases though where you want to store Ruby lambdas as part of your locale data, e.g. for special date.</p></div>
<h3 id="_translations_for_active_record_models">5.1. Translations for Active Record models</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the methods Model.human_name and Model.human_attribute_name(attribute) to transparently lookup translations for your model and attribute names.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the methods <tt>Model.human_name</tt> and <tt>Model.human_attribute_name(attribute)</tt> to transparently lookup translations for your model and attribute names.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example when you add the following translations:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
@@ -734,11 +799,11 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> user<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
login<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"Handle"</span>
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># will translate User attribute "login" as "Handle"</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Then User.human_name will return "Dude" and User.human_attribute_name(:login) will return "Handle".</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Then <tt>User.human_name</tt> will return "Dude" and <tt>User.human_attribute_name(:login)</tt> will return "Handle".</p></div>
<h4 id="_error_message_scopes">5.1.1. Error message scopes</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Active Record validation error messages can also be translated easily. Active Record gives you a couple of namespaces where you can place your message translations in order to provide different messages and translation for certain models, attributes and/or validations. It also transparently takes single table inheritance into account.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This gives you quite powerful means to flexibly adjust your messages to your application’s needs.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Consider a User model with a validates_presence_of validation for the name attribute like this:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Consider a User model with a <tt>validates_presence_of</tt> validation for the name attribute like this:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -747,7 +812,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> User <span style="color: #990000"><</span> ActiveRecord<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Base
validates_presence_of <span style="color: #990000">:</span>name
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The key for the error message in this case is :blank. Active Record will lookup this key in the namespaces:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The key for the error message in this case is <tt>:blank</tt>. Active Record will lookup this key in the namespaces:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -788,9 +853,9 @@ activerecord<span style="color: #990000">.</span>errors<span style="color: #9900 activerecord<span style="color: #990000">.</span>errors<span style="color: #990000">.</span>messages<span style="color: #990000">.</span>blank</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This way you can provide special translations for various error messages at different points in your models inheritance chain and in the attributes, models or default scopes.</p></div>
<h4 id="_error_message_interpolation">5.1.2. Error message interpolation</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The translated model name and translated attribute name are always available for interpolation.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The translated model name, translated attribute name, and value are always available for interpolation.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p></p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>count and/or value are available where applicable. Count can be used for pluralization if present:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><tt>count</tt>, where available, can be used for pluralization if present:</p></div>
<div class="tableblock">
<table rules="all"
width="100%"
@@ -859,85 +924,85 @@ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <td align="left"><p class="table">validates_uniqueness_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:taken</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_format_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:invalid</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_inclusion_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:inclusion</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_exclusion_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:exclusion</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_associated</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:invalid</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:not_a_number</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:greater_than</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:greater_than</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:greater_than_or_equal_to</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:greater_than_or_equal_to</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:equal_to</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:equal_to</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:less_than</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:less_than</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:less_than_or_equal_to</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:less_than_or_equal_to</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:odd</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:odd</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><p class="table">validates_numericality_of</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:even</p></td>
<td align="left"><p class="table">:even</p></td>
-<td align="left"><p class="table">value</p></td>
+<td align="left"><p class="table">-</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h4 id="_translations_for_the_active_record_error_messages_for_helper">5.1.3. Translations for the Active Record error_messages_for helper</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are using the Active Record error_messages_for helper you will want to add translations for it.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are using the Active Record <tt>error_messages_for</tt> helper you will want to add translations for it.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails ships with the following translations:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
@@ -958,17 +1023,17 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-distance_of_time_in_words translates and pluralizes its result and interpolates the number of seconds, minutes, hours and so on. See <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L51">datetime.distance_in_words</a> translations.
+<tt>distance_of_time_in_words</tt> translates and pluralizes its result and interpolates the number of seconds, minutes, hours and so on. See <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L51">datetime.distance_in_words</a> translations.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
-datetime_select and select_month use translated month names for populating the resulting select tag. See <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L15">date.month_names</a> for translations. datetime_select also looks up the order option from <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L18">date.order</a> (unless you pass the option explicitely). All date select helpers translate the prompt using the translations in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L83">datetime.prompts</a> scope if applicable.
+<tt>datetime_select</tt> and <tt>select_month</tt> use translated month names for populating the resulting select tag. See <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L15">date.month_names</a> for translations. <tt>datetime_select</tt> also looks up the order option from <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L18">date.order</a> (unless you pass the option explicitely). All date select helpers translate the prompt using the translations in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L83">datetime.prompts</a> scope if applicable.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
-The number_to_currency, number_with_precision, number_to_percentage, number_with_delimiter and humber_to_human_size helpers use the number format settings located in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L2">number</a> scope.
+The <tt>number_to_currency</tt>, <tt>number_with_precision</tt>, <tt>number_to_percentage</tt>, <tt>number_with_delimiter</tt> and <tt>humber_to_human_size</tt> helpers use the number format settings located in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L2">number</a> scope.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
@@ -976,25 +1041,21 @@ The number_to_currency, number_with_precision, number_to_percentage, number_with <div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-human_name and human_attribute_name use translations for model names and attribute names if available in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activerecord/lib/active_record/locale/en.yml#L43">activerecord.models</a> scope. They also support translations for inherited class names (e.g. for use with STI) as explained above in "Error message scopes".
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-ActiveRecord::Errors#generate_message (which is used by Active Record validations but may also be used manually) uses human_name and human_attribute_name (see above). It also translates the error message and supports translations for inherited class names as explained above in "Error message scopes".
+<tt>human_name</tt> and <tt>human_attribute_name</tt> use translations for model names and attribute names if available in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activerecord/lib/active_record/locale/en.yml#L43">activerecord.models</a> scope. They also support translations for inherited class names (e.g. for use with STI) as explained above in "Error message scopes".
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
-ActiveRecord::Errors#full_messages prepends the attribute name to the error message using a separator that will be looked up from <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L91">activerecord.errors.format.separator</a> (and defaults to ' ').
+<tt>ActiveRecord::Errors#generate_message</tt> (which is used by Active Record validations but may also be used manually) uses <tt>human_name</tt> and <tt>human_attribute_name</tt> (see above). It also translates the error message and supports translations for inherited class names as explained above in "Error message scopes".
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>*<tt> ActiveRecord::Errors#full_messages</tt> prepends the attribute name to the error message using a separator that will be looked up from <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml#L91">activerecord.errors.format.separator</a> (and defaults to <tt>' '</tt>).</p></div>
<h4 id="_activesupport_methods">5.2.3. ActiveSupport methods</h4>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-Array#to_sentence uses format settings as given in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L30">support.array</a> scope.
+<tt>Array#to_sentence</tt> uses format settings as given in the <a href="http://github.com/rails/rails/blob/master/activesupport/lib/active_support/locale/en.yml#L30">support.array</a> scope.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
@@ -1023,7 +1084,7 @@ InvalidPluralizationData <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color MissingInterpolationArgument <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># the translation expects an interpolation argument that has not been passed</span></span>
ReservedInterpolationKey <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># the translation contains a reserved interpolation variable name (i.e. one of: scope, default)</span></span>
UnknownFileType <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># the backend does not know how to handle a file type that was added to I18n.load_path</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The I18n API will catch all of these exceptions when they were thrown in the backend and pass them to the default_exception_handler method. This method will re-raise all exceptions except for MissingTranslationData exceptions. When a MissingTranslationData exception has been caught it will return the exception’s error message string containing the missing key/scope.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The I18n API will catch all of these exceptions when they were thrown in the backend and pass them to the default_exception_handler method. This method will re-raise all exceptions except for <tt>MissingTranslationData</tt> exceptions. When a <tt>MissingTranslationData</tt> exception has been caught it will return the exception’s error message string containing the missing key/scope.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The reason for this is that during development you’d usually want your views to still render even though a translation is missing.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In other contexts you might want to change this behaviour though. E.g. the default exception handling does not allow to catch missing translations during automated tests easily. For this purpose a different exception handler can be specified. The specified exception handler must be a method on the I18n module:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
@@ -1038,9 +1099,9 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>exception_handler <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>just_raise_that_exception</tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This would re-raise all caught exceptions including MissingTranslationData.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Another example where the default behaviour is less desirable is the Rails TranslationHelper which provides the method #t (as well as #translate). When a MissingTranslationData exception occurs in this context the helper wraps the message into a span with the css class translation_missing.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>To do so the helper forces I18n#translate to raise exceptions no matter what exception handler is defined by setting the :raise option:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This would re-raise all caught exceptions including <tt>MissingTranslationData</tt>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Another example where the default behaviour is less desirable is the Rails TranslationHelper which provides the method <tt>#t</tt> (as well as <tt>#translate</tt>). When a <tt>MissingTranslationData</tt> exception occurs in this context the helper wraps the message into a span with the CSS class <tt>translation_missing</tt>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>To do so the helper forces <tt>I18n#translate</tt> to raise exceptions no matter what exception handler is defined by setting the <tt>:raise</tt> option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
@@ -1057,7 +1118,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>I18n support in Ruby on Rails was introduced in the release 2.2 and is still evolving. The project follows the good Ruby on Rails development tradition of evolving solutions in plugins and real applications first and then cherry-picking the best bread of most widely useful features second for inclusion to the core.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus we encourage everybody to experiment with new ideas and features in plugins or other libraries and make them available to the community. (Don’t forget to announce your work on our <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n">mailinglist</a>!)</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find your own locale (language) missing from our <a href="http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale">example translations data</a> repository for Ruby on Rails</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find your own locale (language) missing from our <a href="http://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale">example translations data</a> repository for Ruby on Rails, please <a href="http://github.com/guides/fork-a-project-and-submit-your-modifications"><em>fork</em></a> the repository, add your data and send a <a href="http://github.com/guides/pull-requests">pull request</a>.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_resources">9. Resources</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
@@ -1069,7 +1130,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </li>
<li>
<p>
-<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n">rails-i18n Google group</a> - The project’s mailinglist.
+<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n">rails-i18n Google group</a> - The project’s mailing list.
</p>
</li>
<li>
@@ -1099,12 +1160,12 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-Sven Fuchs[http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/9963-sven-fuchs] (initial author)
+<a href="http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/9963-sven-fuchs">Sven Fuchs</a> (initial author)
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
-Karel Minarik[http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/7476-karel-mina-k]
+<a href="http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/7476-karel-mina-k">Karel Minařík</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
|