[ci skip] Make guides more readable & consistent

1 files changed, 56 insertions, 55 deletions

diff --git a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
index df8b16eb9e..d0dbb1555a 100644
--- a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
+++ b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
@@ -8,29 +8,29 @@ This guide covers ways in which _you_ can become a part of the ongoing developme
 * Contributing to the Ruby on Rails documentation
 * Contributing to the Ruby on Rails code
 
-Ruby on Rails is not "someone else's framework." Over the years, hundreds of people have contributed to Ruby on Rails ranging from a single character to massive architectural changes or significant documentation. All with the goal of making Ruby on Rails better for everyone. Even if you don't feel up to writing code or documentation yet, there are a variety of other ways that you can contribute, from reporting issues to testing patches.
+Ruby on Rails is not "someone else's framework." Over the years, hundreds of people have contributed to Ruby on Rails ranging from a single character to massive architectural changes or significant documentation -- all with the goal of making Ruby on Rails better for everyone. Even if you don't feel up to writing code or documentation yet, there are a variety of other ways that you can contribute, from reporting issues to testing patches.
 
 endprologue.
 
 h3. Reporting an Issue
 
-Ruby on Rails uses "GitHub Issue Tracking":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues to track issues (primarily bugs and contributions of new code). If you've found a bug in Ruby on Rails, this is the place to start. You'll need to create a (free) GitHub account in order to either submit an issue, comment on them or create pull requests.
+Ruby on Rails uses "GitHub Issue Tracking":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues to track issues (primarily bugs and contributions of new code). If you've found a bug in Ruby on Rails, this is the place to start. You'll need to create a (free) GitHub account in order to submit an issue, to comment on them or to create pull requests.
 
 NOTE: Bugs in the most recent released version of Ruby on Rails are likely to get the most attention. Also, the Rails core team is always interested in feedback from those who can take the time to test _edge Rails_ (the code for the version of Rails that is currently under development). Later in this guide you'll find out how to get edge Rails for testing.
 
 h4. Creating a Bug Report
 
-If you've found a problem in Ruby on Rails which is not a security risk do a search in GitHub Issues in case it was already reported. If you find no issue addressing it you can "add a new one":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/new. (See the next section for reporting security issues.)
+If you've found a problem in Ruby on Rails which is not a security risk, do a search in GitHub under "Issues":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues in case it was already reported. If you find no issue addressing it you can "add a new one":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/new. (See the next section for reporting security issues.)
 
-At the minimum, your issue report needs a title and descriptive text. But that's only a minimum. You should include as much relevant information as possible. You need to at least post the code sample that has the issue. Even better is to include a unit test that shows how the expected behavior is not occurring. Your goal should be to make it easy for yourself - and others - to replicate the bug and figure out a fix.
+At the minimum, your issue report needs a title and descriptive text. But that's only a minimum. You should include as much relevant information as possible. You need at least to post the code sample that has the issue. Even better is to include a unit test that shows how the expected behavior is not occurring. Your goal should be to make it easy for yourself -- and others -- to replicate the bug and figure out a fix.
 
-Then don't get your hopes up. Unless you have a "Code Red, Mission Critical, The World is Coming to an End" kind of bug, you're creating this issue report in the hope that others with the same problem will be able to collaborate with you on solving it. Do not expect that the issue report will automatically see any activity or that others will jump to fix it. Creating an issue like this is mostly to help yourself start on the path of fixing the problem and for others to confirm it with a "I'm having this problem too" comment.
+Then, don't get your hopes up! Unless you have a "Code Red, Mission Critical, the World is Coming to an End" kind of bug, you're creating this issue report in the hope that others with the same problem will be able to collaborate with you on solving it. Do not expect that the issue report will automatically see any activity or that others will jump to fix it. Creating an issue like this is mostly to help yourself start on the path of fixing the problem and for others to confirm it with an "I'm having this problem too" comment.
 
 h4. Special Treatment for Security Issues
 
 WARNING: Please do not report security vulnerabilities with public GitHub issue reports. The "Rails security policy page":http://rubyonrails.org/security details the procedure to follow for security issues.
 
-h4. What About Feature Requests?
+h4. What about Feature Requests?
 
 Please don't put "feature request" items into GitHub Issues. If there's a new feature that you want to see added to Ruby on Rails, you'll need to write the code yourself - or convince someone else to partner with you to write the code. Later in this guide you'll find detailed instructions for proposing a patch to Ruby on Rails. If you enter a wishlist item in GitHub Issues with no code, you can expect it to be marked "invalid" as soon as it's reviewed.
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ h3. Running the Test Suite
 
 To move on from submitting bugs to helping resolve existing issues or contributing your own code to Ruby on Rails, you _must_ be able to run its test suite. In this section of the guide you'll learn how to set up the tests on your own computer.
 
-h4. Install git
+h4. Install Git
 
 Ruby on Rails uses git for source code control. The "git homepage":http://git-scm.com/ has installation instructions. There are a variety of resources on the net that will help you get familiar with git:
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Install first libxml2 and libxslt together with their development files for Noko
 $ sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev
 </shell>
 
-Also, SQLite3 and its development files for the +sqlite3-ruby+ gem, in Ubuntu you're done with
+Also, SQLite3 and its development files for the +sqlite3-ruby+ gem -- in Ubuntu you're done with just
 
 <shell>
 $ sudo apt-get install sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ Get a recent version of "Bundler":http://gembundler.com/:
 
 <shell>
 $ gem install bundler
+$ gem update bundler
 </shell>
 
 and run:
@@ -84,20 +85,20 @@ and run:
 $ bundle install --without db
 </shell>
 
-This command will install all dependencies except the MySQL and PostgreSQL Ruby drivers. We will come back at these soon. With dependencies installed, you can run the test suite with:
+This command will install all dependencies except the MySQL and PostgreSQL Ruby drivers. We will come back to these soon. With dependencies installed, you can run the test suite with:
 
 <shell>
 $ bundle exec rake test
 </shell>
 
-You can also run tests for a specific framework, like Action Pack, by going into its directory and executing the same command:
+You can also run tests for a specific component, like Action Pack, by going into its directory and executing the same command:
 
 <shell>
 $ cd actionpack
 $ bundle exec rake test
 </shell>
 
-If you want to run tests from the specific directory use the +TEST_DIR+ environment variable. For example, this will run tests inside +railties/test/generators+ directory only:
+If you want to run the tests located in a specific directory use the +TEST_DIR+ environment variable. For example, this will run the tests of the +railties/test/generators+ directory only:
 
 <shell>
 $ cd railties
@@ -106,9 +107,9 @@ $ TEST_DIR=generators bundle exec rake test
 
 h4. Warnings
 
-The test suite runs with warnings enabled. Ideally Ruby on Rails should issue no warning, but there may be a few, and also some from third-party libraries. Please ignore (or fix!) them if any, and submit patches that do not issue new warnings.
+The test suite runs with warnings enabled. Ideally, Ruby on Rails should issue no warnings, but there may be a few, as well as some from third-party libraries. Please ignore (or fix!) them, if any, and submit patches that do not issue new warnings.
 
-As of this writing they are specially noisy with Ruby 1.9. If you are sure about what you are doing and would like to have a more clear output, there's a way to override the flag:
+As of this writing (December, 2010) they are specially noisy with Ruby 1.9. If you are sure about what you are doing and would like to have a more clear output, there's a way to override the flag:
 
 <shell>
 $ RUBYOPT=-W0 bundle exec rake test
@@ -116,17 +117,17 @@ $ RUBYOPT=-W0 bundle exec rake test
 
 h4. Testing Active Record
 
-The test suite of Active Record attempts to run four times, once for SQLite3, once for each of the two MySQL gems (+mysql+ and +mysql2+), and once for PostgreSQL. We are going to see now how to setup the environment for them.
+The test suite of Active Record attempts to run four times: once for SQLite3, once for each of the two MySQL gems (+mysql+ and +mysql2+), and once for PostgreSQL. We are going to see now how to set up the environment for them.
 
 WARNING: If you're working with Active Record code, you _must_ ensure that the tests pass for at least MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite3. Subtle differences between the various adapters have been behind the rejection of many patches that looked OK when tested only against MySQL.
 
-h5. Set up Database Configuration
+h5. Database Configuration
 
 The Active Record test suite requires a custom config file: +activerecord/test/config.yml+. An example is provided in +activerecord/test/config.example.yml+ which can be copied and used as needed for your environment.
 
 h5. SQLite3
 
-The gem +sqlite3-ruby+ does not belong to the "db" group indeed, if you followed the instructions above you're ready. This is how you run the Active Record test suite only for SQLite3:
+The gem +sqlite3-ruby+ does not belong to the "db" group. Indeed, if you followed the instructions above you're ready. This is how you run the Active Record test suite only for SQLite3:
 
 <shell>
 $ cd activerecord
@@ -167,13 +168,13 @@ $ cd activerecord
 $ rake mysql:build_databases
 </shell>
 
-PostgreSQL's authentication works differently. A simple way to setup the development environment for example is to run with your development account
+PostgreSQL's authentication works differently. A simple way to set up the development environment for example is to run with your development account
 
 <shell>
 $ sudo -u postgres createuser --superuser $USER
 </shell>
 
-and after that create the test databases with
+and then create the test databases with
 
 <shell>
 $ cd activerecord
@@ -182,9 +183,9 @@ $ rake postgresql:build_databases
 
 NOTE: Using the rake task to create the test databases ensures they have the correct character set and collation.
 
-If you’re using another database, check the files under +activerecord/test/connections+ for default connection information. You can edit these files if you _must_ on your machine to provide different credentials, but obviously you should not push any such changes back to Rails.
+If you’re using another database, check the files under +activerecord/test/connections+ for default connection information. You can edit these files to provide different credentials on your machine if you must, but obviously you should not push any such changes back to Rails.
 
-You can now run tests as you did for +sqlite3+, the tasks are
+You can now run the tests as you did for +sqlite3+. The tasks are respectively
 
 <shell>
 test_mysql
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ test_mysql2
 test_postgresql
 </shell>
 
-respectively. As we mentioned before
+As we mentioned before
 
 <shell>
 $ bundle exec rake test
@@ -200,9 +201,9 @@ $ bundle exec rake test
 
 will now run the four of them in turn.
 
-You can also invoke +test_jdbcmysql+, +test_jdbcsqlite3+ or +test_jdbcpostgresql+. Check out the file +activerecord/RUNNING_UNIT_TESTS+ for information on running more targeted database tests, or the file +ci/travis.rb+ to see the test suite that the continuous integration server runs.
+You can invoke +test_jdbcmysql+, +test_jdbcsqlite3+ or +test_jdbcpostgresql+ also. See the file +activerecord/RUNNING_UNIT_TESTS+ for information on running more targeted database tests, or the file +ci/travis.rb+ for the test suite run by the continuous integration server.
 
-h4. Older versions of Ruby on Rails
+h4. Older Versions of Ruby on Rails
 
 If you want to add a fix to older versions of Ruby on Rails, you'll need to set up and switch to your own local tracking branch. Here is an example to switch to the 3-0-stable branch:
 
@@ -219,9 +220,9 @@ As a next step beyond reporting issues, you can help the core team resolve exist
 
 h4. Verifying Bug Reports
 
-For starters, it helps to just verify bug reports. Can you reproduce the reported issue on your own computer? If so, you can add a comment to the issue saying that you're seeing the same thing.
+For starters, it helps just to verify bug reports. Can you reproduce the reported issue on your own computer? If so, you can add a comment to the issue saying that you're seeing the same thing.
 
-If something is very vague, can you help squish it down into something specific? Maybe you can provide additional information to help reproduce a bug, or eliminate needless steps that aren't required to help demonstrate the problem.
+If something is very vague, can you help squash it down into something specific? Maybe you can provide additional information to help reproduce a bug, or help by eliminating needless steps that aren't required to demonstrate the problem.
 
 If you find a bug report without a test, it's very useful to contribute a failing test. This is also a great way to get started exploring the source code: looking at the existing test files will teach you how to write more tests. New tests are best contributed in the form of a patch, as explained later on in the "Contributing to the Rails Code" section.
 
@@ -229,51 +230,51 @@ Anything you can do to make bug reports more succinct or easier to reproduce is
 
 h4. Testing Patches
 
-You can also help out by examining pull requests that have been submitted to Ruby on Rails via GitHub. To apply someone's changes you need to first create a dedicated branch:
+You can also help out by examining pull requests that have been submitted to Ruby on Rails via GitHub. To apply someone's changes you need first to create a dedicated branch:
 
 <shell>
 $ git checkout -b testing_branch
 </shell>
 
-Then you can use their remote branch to update your codebase. For example, let's say the GitHub user JohnSmith has forked and pushed to the topic branch located at https://github.com/JohnSmith/rails.
+Then you can use their remote branch to update your codebase. For example, let's say the GitHub user JohnSmith has forked and pushed to a topic branch "orange" located at https://github.com/JohnSmith/rails.
 
 <shell>
 $ git remote add JohnSmith git://github.com/JohnSmith/rails.git
-$ git pull JohnSmith topic
+$ git pull JohnSmith orange
 </shell>
 
 After applying their branch, test it out! Here are some things to think about:
 
 * Does the change actually work?
 * Are you happy with the tests? Can you follow what they're testing? Are there any tests missing?
-* Does it have proper documentation coverage? Should documentation elsewhere be updated?
+* Does it have the proper documentation coverage? Should documentation elsewhere be updated?
 * Do you like the implementation? Can you think of a nicer or faster way to implement a part of their change?
 
 Once you're happy that the pull request contains a good change, comment on the GitHub issue indicating your approval. Your comment should indicate that you like the change and what you like about it. Something like:
 
 <blockquote>
-I like the way you've restructured that code in generate_finder_sql, much nicer. The tests look good too.
+I like the way you've restructured that code in generate_finder_sql -- much nicer. The tests look good too.
 </blockquote>
 
 If your comment simply says "+1", then odds are that other reviewers aren't going to take it too seriously. Show that you took the time to review the pull request.
 
 h3. Contributing to the Rails Documentation
 
-Ruby on Rails has two main sets of documentation: The guides help you to learn Ruby on Rails, and the API is a reference.
+Ruby on Rails has two main sets of documentation: the guides help you in learning about Ruby on Rails, and the API is a reference.
 
-You can help improve the Rails guides by making them more coherent, adding missing information, correcting factual errors, fixing typos, bringing it up to date with the latest edge Rails. To get involved in the translation of Rails guides, please see "Translating Rails Guides":https://wiki.github.com/lifo/docrails/translating-rails-guides.
+You can help improve the Rails guides by making them more coherent, consistent or readable, adding missing information, correcting factual errors, fixing typos, or bringing it up to date with the latest edge Rails. To get involved in the translation of Rails guides, please see "Translating Rails Guides":https://wiki.github.com/lifo/docrails/translating-rails-guides.
 
-If you're confident about your changes, you can push them yourself directly via "docrails":https://github.com/lifo/docrails. docrails is a branch with an *open commit policy* and public write access. Commits to docrails are still reviewed, but that happens after they are pushed. docrails is merged with master regularly, so you are effectively editing the Ruby on Rails documentation.
+If you're confident about your changes, you can push them directly yourself via "docrails":https://github.com/lifo/docrails. Docrails is a branch with an *open commit policy* and public write access. Commits to docrails are still reviewed, but this happens after they are pushed. Docrails is merged with master regularly, so you are effectively editing the Ruby on Rails documentation.
 
 If you are unsure of the documentation changes, you can create an issue in the "Rails":https://github.com/rails/rails/issues issues tracker on GitHub.
 
 When working with documentation, please take into account the "API Documentation Guidelines":api_documentation_guidelines.html and the "Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines":ruby_on_rails_guides_guidelines.html.
 
-NOTE: As explained earlier, ordinary code patches should have proper documentation coverage. docrails is only used for isolated documentation improvements.
+NOTE: As explained earlier, ordinary code patches should have proper documentation coverage. Docrails is only used for isolated documentation improvements.
 
-NOTE: To help our CI servers you can add [ci skip] tag to your documentation commit message to skip build on that commit. Please remember to use it for commits containing only documentation changes.
+NOTE: To help our CI servers you can add [ci skip] to your documentation commit message to skip build on that commit. Please remember to use it for commits containing only documentation changes.
 
-WARNING: docrails has a very strict policy: no code can be touched whatsoever, no matter how trivial or small the change. Only RDoc and guides can be edited via docrails. Also, CHANGELOGs should never be edited in docrails.
+WARNING: Docrails has a very strict policy: no code can be touched whatsoever, no matter how trivial or small the change. Only RDoc and guides can be edited via docrails. Also, CHANGELOGs should never be edited in docrails.
 
 h3. Contributing to the Rails Code
 
@@ -292,37 +293,37 @@ $ cd rails
 $ git checkout -b my_new_branch
 </shell>
 
-It doesn’t really matter what name you use, because this branch will only exist on your local computer and your personal repository on Github. It won't be part of the Rails git repository.
+It doesn’t matter much what name you use, because this branch will only exist on your local computer and your personal repository on Github. It won't be part of the Rails git repository.
 
 h4. Write Your Code
 
 Now get busy and add or edit code. You’re on your branch now, so you can write whatever you want (you can check to make sure you’re on the right branch with +git branch -a+). But if you’re planning to submit your change back for inclusion in Rails, keep a few things in mind:
 
-* Get the code right
-* Use Rails idioms and helpers
-* Include tests that fail without your code, and pass with it
-* Update the documentation, the surrounding one, examples elsewhere, guides, whatever is affected by your contribution
+* Get the code right.
+* Use Rails idioms and helpers.
+* Include tests that fail without your code, and pass with it.
+* Update the (surrounding) documentation, examples elsewhere, and the guides: whatever is affected by your contribution.
 
 h4. Follow the Coding Conventions
 
 Rails follows a simple set of coding style conventions.
 
-* Two spaces, no tabs.
-* No trailing whitespace. Blank lines should not have any space.
+* Two spaces, no tabs (for indentation).
+* No trailing whitespace. Blank lines should not have any spaces.
 * Indent after private/protected.
 * Prefer +&amp;&amp;+/+||+ over +and+/+or+.
-* Prefer class << self block over self.method for class methods.
-* +MyClass.my_method(my_arg)+ not +my_method( my_arg )+ or +my_method my_arg+.
-* a = b and not a=b.
-* Follow the conventions you see used in the source already.
+* Prefer class << self over self.method for class methods.
+* Use +MyClass.my_method(my_arg)+ not +my_method( my_arg )+ or +my_method my_arg+.
+* Use a = b and not a=b.
+* Follow the conventions in the source you see used already.
 
-These are some guidelines and please use your best judgment in using them.
+The above are guidelines -- please use your best judgment in using them.
 
 h4. Sanity Check
 
 You should not be the only person who looks at the code before you submit it. You know at least one other Rails developer, right? Show them what you’re doing and ask for feedback. Doing this in private before you push a patch out publicly is the “smoke test” for a patch: if you can’t convince one other developer of the beauty of your code, you’re unlikely to convince the core team either.
 
-You might also want to check out the "RailsBridge BugMash":http://wiki.railsbridge.org/projects/railsbridge/wiki/BugMash as a way to get involved in a group effort to improve Rails. This can help you get started and help check your code when you're writing your first patches.
+You might want also to check out the "RailsBridge BugMash":http://wiki.railsbridge.org/projects/railsbridge/wiki/BugMash as a way to get involved in a group effort to improve Rails. This can help you get started and help you check your code when you're writing your first patches.
 
 h4. Commit Your Changes
 
@@ -332,9 +333,9 @@ When you're happy with the code on your computer, you need to commit the changes
 $ git commit -a -m "Here is a commit message on what I changed in this commit"
 </shell>
 
-TIP. Please squash your commits into a single commit when appropriate. This simplifies future cherry picks, and also keeps the git log clean. 
+TIP. Please squash your commits into a single commit when appropriate. This simplifies future cherry picks, and also keeps the git log clean.
 
-h4. Update master
+h4. Update Master
 
 It’s pretty likely that other changes to master have happened while you were working. Go get them:
 
@@ -372,13 +373,13 @@ h4. Issue a Pull Request
 
 Navigate to the Rails repository you just pushed to (e.g. https://github.com/your-user-name/rails) and press "Pull Request" in the upper right hand corner.
 
-Write your branch name in branch field (is filled with master by default) and press "Update Commit Range"
+Write your branch name in the branch field (this is filled with "master" by default) and press "Update Commit Range".
 
-Ensure the changesets you introduced are included in the "Commits" tab and that the "Files Changed" incorporate all of your changes.
+Ensure the changesets you introduced are included in the "Commits" tab. Ensure that the "Files Changed" incorporate all of your changes.
 
-Fill in some details about your potential patch including a meaningful title. When finished, press "Send pull request." Rails Core will be notified about your submission.
+Fill in some details about your potential patch including a meaningful title. When finished, press "Send pull request". The Rails core team will be notified about your submission.
 
-h4. Get Some Feedback
+h4. Get some Feedback
 
 Now you need to get other people to look at your patch, just as you've looked at other people's patches. You can use the "rubyonrails-core mailing list":http://groups.google.com/group/rubyonrails-core/ or the #rails-contrib channel on IRC freenode for this. You might also try just talking to Rails developers that you know.