applies new string literal convention in activesupport/lib

The current code base is not uniform. After some discussion,
we have chosen to go with double quotes by default.

176 files changed, 705 insertions, 705 deletions

diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support.rb
index 11569add37..2fc42e1975 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 # WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 #++
 
-require 'securerandom'
+require "securerandom"
 require "active_support/dependencies/autoload"
 require "active_support/version"
 require "active_support/logger"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/all.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/all.rb
index f537818300..72a23075af 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/all.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/all.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support'
-require 'active_support/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext'
+require "active_support"
+require "active_support/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/array_inquirer.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/array_inquirer.rb
index ea328f603e..85122e39b2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/array_inquirer.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/array_inquirer.rb
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     private
       def respond_to_missing?(name, include_private = false)
-        name[-1] == '?'
+        name[-1] == "?"
       end
 
       def method_missing(name, *args)
-        if name[-1] == '?'
+        if name[-1] == "?"
           any?(name[0..-2])
         else
           super
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/benchmarkable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/benchmarkable.rb
index 3988b147ac..70493c8da7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/benchmarkable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/benchmarkable.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/benchmark'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
+require "active_support/core_ext/benchmark"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Benchmarkable
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
         result = nil
         ms = Benchmark.ms { result = options[:silence] ? logger.silence { yield } : yield }
-        logger.send(options[:level], '%s (%.1fms)' % [ message, ms ])
+        logger.send(options[:level], "%s (%.1fms)" % [ message, ms ])
         result
       else
         yield
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/builder.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/builder.rb
index 321e462acd..0f010c5d96 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/builder.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/builder.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 begin
-  require 'builder'
+  require "builder"
 rescue LoadError => e
   $stderr.puts "You don't have builder installed in your application. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
   raise e
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
index 179ca13b49..1920e9f7b4 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
-require 'benchmark'
-require 'zlib'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/benchmark'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
+require "benchmark"
+require "zlib"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/wrap"
+require "active_support/core_ext/benchmark"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/strip"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # See ActiveSupport::Cache::Store for documentation.
   module Cache
-    autoload :FileStore,     'active_support/cache/file_store'
-    autoload :MemoryStore,   'active_support/cache/memory_store'
-    autoload :MemCacheStore, 'active_support/cache/mem_cache_store'
-    autoload :NullStore,     'active_support/cache/null_store'
+    autoload :FileStore,     "active_support/cache/file_store"
+    autoload :MemoryStore,   "active_support/cache/memory_store"
+    autoload :MemCacheStore, "active_support/cache/mem_cache_store"
+    autoload :NullStore,     "active_support/cache/null_store"
 
     # These options mean something to all cache implementations. Individual cache
     # implementations may support additional options.
     UNIVERSAL_OPTIONS = [:namespace, :compress, :compress_threshold, :expires_in, :race_condition_ttl]
 
     module Strategy
-      autoload :LocalCache, 'active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache'
+      autoload :LocalCache, "active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache"
     end
 
     class << self
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
             save_block_result_to_cache(name, options) { |_name| yield _name }
           end
         elsif options && options[:force]
-          raise ArgumentError, 'Missing block: Calling `Cache#fetch` with `force: true` requires a block.'
+          raise ArgumentError, "Missing block: Calling `Cache#fetch` with `force: true` requires a block."
         else
           read(name, options)
         end
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           prefix = options[:namespace].is_a?(Proc) ? options[:namespace].call : options[:namespace]
           if prefix
             source = pattern.source
-            if source.start_with?('^')
+            if source.start_with?("^")
               source = source[1, source.length]
             else
               source = ".*#{source[0, source.length]}"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/file_store.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/file_store.rb
index 99c55b1aa4..1132425526 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/file_store.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/file_store.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/marshal'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/file/atomic'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/conversions'
-require 'uri/common'
+require "active_support/core_ext/marshal"
+require "active_support/core_ext/file/atomic"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/conversions"
+require "uri/common"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       DIR_FORMATTER = "%03X"
       FILENAME_MAX_SIZE = 228 # max filename size on file system is 255, minus room for timestamp and random characters appended by Tempfile (used by atomic write)
       FILEPATH_MAX_SIZE = 900 # max is 1024, plus some room
-      EXCLUDED_DIRS = ['.', '..'].freeze
-      GITKEEP_FILES = ['.gitkeep', '.keep'].freeze
+      EXCLUDED_DIRS = [".", ".."].freeze
+      GITKEEP_FILES = [".gitkeep", ".keep"].freeze
 
       def initialize(cache_path, options = nil)
         super(options)
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         # Lock a file for a block so only one process can modify it at a time.
         def lock_file(file_name, &block) # :nodoc:
           if File.exist?(file_name)
-            File.open(file_name, 'r+') do |f|
+            File.open(file_name, "r+") do |f|
               begin
                 f.flock File::LOCK_EX
                 yield
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/mem_cache_store.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/mem_cache_store.rb
index 2ca4b51efa..5db40b37b0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/mem_cache_store.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/mem_cache_store.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 begin
-  require 'dalli'
+  require "dalli"
 rescue LoadError => e
   $stderr.puts "You don't have dalli installed in your application. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
   raise e
 end
 
-require 'digest/md5'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/marshal'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
+require "digest/md5"
+require "active_support/core_ext/marshal"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb
index 896c28ad8b..e61d9f3053 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/memory_store.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'monitor'
+require "monitor"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
index 1c678dc2af..8ed8ab36ab 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
-require 'active_support/per_thread_registry'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/per_thread_registry"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # duration of a block. Repeated calls to the cache for the same key will hit the
       # in-memory cache for faster access.
       module LocalCache
-        autoload :Middleware, 'active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware'
+        autoload :Middleware, "active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware"
 
         # Class for storing and registering the local caches.
         class LocalCacheRegistry # :nodoc:
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         private
 
           def local_cache_key
-            @local_cache_key ||= "#{self.class.name.underscore}_local_cache_#{object_id}".gsub(/[\/-]/, '_').to_sym
+            @local_cache_key ||= "#{self.class.name.underscore}_local_cache_#{object_id}".gsub(/[\/-]/, "_").to_sym
           end
 
           def local_cache
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb
index a6f24b1a3c..10eb6eccbc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'rack/body_proxy'
-require 'rack/utils'
+require "rack/body_proxy"
+require "rack/utils"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
index 557a4695a6..9604777134 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
-require 'active_support/descendants_tracker'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters'
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
-require 'thread'
+require "active_support/concern"
+require "active_support/descendants_tracker"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
+require "active_support/deprecation"
+require "thread"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Callbacks are code hooks that are run at key points in an object's life cycle.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/latch.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/latch.rb
index 35074265b8..045beca3dc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/latch.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/latch.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'concurrent/atomic/count_down_latch'
+require "concurrent/atomic/count_down_latch"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Concurrency
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb
index cf632ea7b0..f57e81bad8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'thread'
-require 'monitor'
+require "thread"
+require "monitor"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Concurrency
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
index c2c99459f2..f72a893bcc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
-require 'active_support/ordered_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/concern"
+require "active_support/ordered_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Configurable provides a <tt>config</tt> method to store and retrieve
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         options = names.extract_options!
 
         names.each do |name|
-          raise NameError.new('invalid config attribute name') unless /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/.match?(name)
+          raise NameError.new("invalid config attribute name") unless /\A[_A-Za-z]\w*\z/.match?(name)
 
           reader, reader_line = "def #{name}; config.#{name}; end", __LINE__
           writer, writer_line = "def #{name}=(value); config.#{name} = value; end", __LINE__
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array.rb
index 7551551bd7..e908386a1c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/access'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/grouping'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/prepend_and_append'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry'
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/wrap"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/grouping"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/prepend_and_append"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
index 54fb83581a..7d7e896170 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-require 'active_support/xml_mini'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
+require "active_support/xml_mini"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
 
 class Array
   # Converts the array to a comma-separated sentence where the last element is
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ class Array
     options.assert_valid_keys(:words_connector, :two_words_connector, :last_word_connector, :locale, :fallback_string)
 
     default_connectors = {
-      :words_connector     => ', ',
-      :two_words_connector => ' and ',
-      :last_word_connector => ', and '
+      :words_connector     => ", ",
+      :two_words_connector => " and ",
+      :last_word_connector => ", and "
     }
     if defined?(I18n)
       i18n_connectors = I18n.translate(:'support.array', locale: options[:locale], default: {})
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ class Array
     case format
     when :db
       if empty?
-        'null'
+        "null"
       else
-        collect(&:id).join(',')
+        collect(&:id).join(",")
       end
     else
       to_default_s
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Array
   #   </messages>
   #
   def to_xml(options = {})
-    require 'active_support/builder' unless defined?(Builder)
+    require "active_support/builder" unless defined?(Builder)
 
     options = options.dup
     options[:indent]  ||= 2
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ class Array
     options[:root]    ||= \
       if first.class != Hash && all? { |e| e.is_a?(first.class) }
         underscored = ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(first.class.name)
-        ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(underscored).tr('/', '_')
+        ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(underscored).tr("/", "_")
       else
-        'objects'
+        "objects"
       end
 
     builder = options[:builder]
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class Array
 
     root = ActiveSupport::XmlMini.rename_key(options[:root].to_s, options)
     children = options.delete(:children) || root.singularize
-    attributes = options[:skip_types] ? {} : { type: 'array' }
+    attributes = options[:skip_types] ? {} : { type: "array" }
 
     if empty?
       builder.tag!(root, attributes)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry.rb
index e8f44cc378..66fa5fcd0c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/array_inquirer'
+require "active_support/array_inquirer"
 
 class Array
   # Wraps the array in an +ArrayInquirer+ object, which gives a friendlier way
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb
index eb25b2bc44..2300953860 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'benchmark'
+require "benchmark"
 
 class << Benchmark
   # Benchmark realtime in milliseconds.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal.rb
index 8143113cfa..7b4f87f10e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions'
+require "active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions.rb
index 074e2eabf8..decd4e1699 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-require 'bigdecimal'
-require 'bigdecimal/util'
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "bigdecimal/util"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module BigDecimalWithDefaultFormat #:nodoc:
-    def to_s(format = 'F')
+    def to_s(format = "F")
       super(format)
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class.rb
index ef903d59b5..6a19e862d0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses'
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute.rb
index aa0e2a1a88..9b4a9a9992 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
 
 class Class
   # Declare a class-level attribute whose value is inheritable by subclasses.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
index 84d5e95e7a..0f767925ed 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # cattr_* became mattr_* aliases in 7dfbd91b0780fbd6a1dd9bfbc176e10894871d2d,
 # but we keep this around for libraries that directly require it knowing they
 # want cattr_*. No need to deprecate.
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses.rb
index 1d8c33b43e..8a21c71a42 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/reachable'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/reachable"
 
 class Class
   begin
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date.rb
index 7f0f4639a2..4f66804da2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/zones'
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/zones"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like.rb
index cd90cee236..46fe99ad47 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
 
 class Date
   # Duck-types as a Date-like class. See Object#acts_like?.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/blank.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/blank.rb
index 71627b6a6f..edd2847126 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/blank.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/blank.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'date'
+require "date"
 
 class Date #:nodoc:
   # No Date is blank:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
index d589b67bf7..5cc4e936cd 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/duration'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/zones'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/zones"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/zones"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations"
 
 class Date
   include DateAndTime::Calculations
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
index 6e3b4a89ce..983dd829f6 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/zones'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/zones"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method"
 
 class Date
   DATE_FORMATS = {
-    :short        => '%d %b',
-    :long         => '%B %d, %Y',
-    :db           => '%Y-%m-%d',
-    :number       => '%Y%m%d',
+    :short        => "%d %b",
+    :long         => "%B %d, %Y",
+    :db           => "%Y-%m-%d",
+    :number       => "%Y%m%d",
     :long_ordinal => lambda { |date|
       day_format = ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(date.day)
       date.strftime("%B #{day_format}, %Y") # => "April 25th, 2007"
     },
-    :rfc822       => '%d %b %Y',
+    :rfc822       => "%d %b %Y",
     :iso8601      => lambda { |date| date.iso8601 }
   }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Date
 
   # Overrides the default inspect method with a human readable one, e.g., "Mon, 21 Feb 2005"
   def readable_inspect
-    strftime('%a, %d %b %Y')
+    strftime("%a, %d %b %Y")
   end
   alias_method :default_inspect, :inspect
   alias_method :inspect, :readable_inspect
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/zones.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/zones.rb
index d109b430db..da23fe4892 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/zones.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/zones.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/zones'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/zones"
 
 class Date
   include DateAndTime::Zones
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations.rb
index 6206546672..e848a909e9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/try"
 
 module DateAndTime
   module Calculations
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility.rb
index 19e596a144..3f4e236ab7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
 
 module DateAndTime
   module Compatibility
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
index 86177488c0..6fd498f864 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions'
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like.rb
index 8fbbe0d3e9..6f50f55a53 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
 
 class DateTime
   # Duck-types as a Date-like class. See Object#acts_like?.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank.rb
index 56981b75fb..b475fd926d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/blank.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'date'
+require "date"
 
 class DateTime #:nodoc:
   # No DateTime is ever blank:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
index 9e89a33491..24297f954c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'date'
+require "date"
 
 class DateTime
   class << self
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility.rb
index 03e4a2adfa..30bb7f4a60 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/compatibility.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility'
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility"
 
 class DateTime
   prepend DateAndTime::Compatibility
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions.rb
index f59d05b214..9fa64bbcdb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations'
-require 'active_support/values/time_zone'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations"
+require "active_support/values/time_zone"
 
 class DateTime
   # Convert to a formatted string. See Time::DATE_FORMATS for predefined formats.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/digest/uuid.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/digest/uuid.rb
index 593c51bba2..23cb105f7c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/digest/uuid.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/digest/uuid.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'securerandom'
+require "securerandom"
 
 module Digest
   module UUID
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module Digest
       hash.update(uuid_namespace)
       hash.update(name)
 
-      ary = hash.digest.unpack('NnnnnN')
+      ary = hash.digest.unpack("NnnnnN")
       ary[2] = (ary[2] & 0x0FFF) | (version << 12)
       ary[3] = (ary[3] & 0x3FFF) | 0x8000
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file.rb
index dc24afbe7f..6d99bad2af 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/file/atomic'
+require "active_support/core_ext/file/atomic"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file/atomic.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file/atomic.rb
index 463fd78412..8d6c0d3685 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file/atomic.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/file/atomic.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'fileutils'
+require "fileutils"
 
 class File
   # Write to a file atomically. Useful for situations where you don't
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class File
   #     file.write('hello')
   #   end
   def self.atomic_write(file_name, temp_dir = dirname(file_name))
-    require 'tempfile' unless defined?(Tempfile)
+    require "tempfile" unless defined?(Tempfile)
 
     Tempfile.open(".#{basename(file_name)}", temp_dir) do |temp_file|
       temp_file.binmode
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ class File
   # Private utility method.
   def self.probe_stat_in(dir) #:nodoc:
     basename = [
-      '.permissions_check',
+      ".permissions_check",
       Thread.current.object_id,
       Process.pid,
       rand(1000000)
-    ].join('.')
+    ].join(".")
 
     file_name = join(dir, basename)
     FileUtils.touch(file_name)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash.rb
index af4d1da0eb..c819307e8a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/compact'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/except'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/transform_values'
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/compact"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/except"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/slice"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/transform_values"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
index 2fc514cfce..a4396be4ad 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-require 'active_support/xml_mini'
-require 'active_support/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require "active_support/xml_mini"
+require "active_support/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/wrap"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
 
 class Hash
   # Returns a string containing an XML representation of its receiver:
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ class Hash
   # configure your own builder with the <tt>:builder</tt> option. The method also accepts
   # options like <tt>:dasherize</tt> and friends, they are forwarded to the builder.
   def to_xml(options = {})
-    require 'active_support/builder' unless defined?(Builder)
+    require "active_support/builder" unless defined?(Builder)
 
     options = options.dup
     options[:indent]  ||= 2
-    options[:root]    ||= 'hash'
+    options[:root]    ||= "hash"
     options[:builder] ||= Builder::XmlMarkup.new(indent: options[:indent])
 
     builder = options[:builder]
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       def normalize_keys(params)
         case params
           when Hash
-            Hash[params.map { |k,v| [k.to_s.tr('-', '_'), normalize_keys(v)] } ]
+            Hash[params.map { |k,v| [k.to_s.tr("-", "_"), normalize_keys(v)] } ]
           when Array
             params.map { |v| normalize_keys(v) }
           else
@@ -182,13 +182,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def process_hash(value)
-        if value.include?('type') && !value['type'].is_a?(Hash) && @disallowed_types.include?(value['type'])
-          raise DisallowedType, value['type']
+        if value.include?("type") && !value["type"].is_a?(Hash) && @disallowed_types.include?(value["type"])
+          raise DisallowedType, value["type"]
         end
 
         if become_array?(value)
           _, entries = Array.wrap(value.detect { |k,v| not v.is_a?(String) })
-          if entries.nil? || value['__content__'].try(:empty?)
+          if entries.nil? || value["__content__"].try(:empty?)
             []
           else
             case entries
@@ -204,28 +204,28 @@ module ActiveSupport
           process_content(value)
 
         elsif become_empty_string?(value)
-          ''
+          ""
         elsif become_hash?(value)
           xml_value = Hash[value.map { |k,v| [k, deep_to_h(v)] }]
 
           # Turn { files: { file: #<StringIO> } } into { files: #<StringIO> } so it is compatible with
           # how multipart uploaded files from HTML appear
-          xml_value['file'].is_a?(StringIO) ? xml_value['file'] : xml_value
+          xml_value["file"].is_a?(StringIO) ? xml_value["file"] : xml_value
         end
       end
 
       def become_content?(value)
-        value['type'] == 'file' || (value['__content__'] && (value.keys.size == 1 || value['__content__'].present?))
+        value["type"] == "file" || (value["__content__"] && (value.keys.size == 1 || value["__content__"].present?))
       end
 
       def become_array?(value)
-        value['type'] == 'array'
+        value["type"] == "array"
       end
 
       def become_empty_string?(value)
         # { "string" => true }
         # No tests fail when the second term is removed.
-        value['type'] == 'string' && value['nil'] != 'true'
+        value["type"] == "string" && value["nil"] != "true"
       end
 
       def become_hash?(value)
@@ -234,19 +234,19 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       def nothing?(value)
         # blank or nil parsed values are represented by nil
-        value.blank? || value['nil'] == 'true'
+        value.blank? || value["nil"] == "true"
       end
 
       def garbage?(value)
         # If the type is the only element which makes it then
         # this still makes the value nil, except if type is
         # an XML node(where type['value'] is a Hash)
-        value['type'] && !value['type'].is_a?(::Hash) && value.size == 1
+        value["type"] && !value["type"].is_a?(::Hash) && value.size == 1
       end
 
       def process_content(value)
-        content = value['__content__']
-        if parser = ActiveSupport::XmlMini::PARSING[value['type']]
+        content = value["__content__"]
+        if parser = ActiveSupport::XmlMini::PARSING[value["type"]]
           parser.arity == 1 ? parser.call(content) : parser.call(content, value)
         else
           content
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access.rb
index 6df7b4121b..6b8d7e25fb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access'
+require "active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access"
 
 class Hash
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer.rb
index a44a1b4c74..8f0c55f9d3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/integer/multiple'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/integer/time'
+require "active_support/core_ext/integer/multiple"
+require "active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/integer/time"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections.rb
index 56f2ed5985..bc21b65533 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector'
+require "active_support/inflector"
 
 class Integer
   # Ordinalize turns a number into an ordinal string used to denote the
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/time.rb
index 87185b024f..4a64872392 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/integer/time.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/duration'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/time'
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
 
 class Integer
   # Enables the use of time calculations and declarations, like <tt>45.minutes +
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel.rb
index 364ed9d65f..3d41ff7876 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/agnostics'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/agnostics"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern.rb
index 18bcc01fa4..307a7f7a63 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/concern.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/concerning'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/concerning"
 
 module Kernel
   module_function
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/debugger.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/debugger.rb
index 1fde3db070..dccfa3e9bb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/debugger.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/debugger.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
 
 ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("This file is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/load_error.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/load_error.rb
index 60732eb41a..4cb6ffea5e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/load_error.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/load_error.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers'
+require "active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers"
 
 class LoadError
   REGEXPS = [
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class LoadError
   # Returns true if the given path name (except perhaps for the ".rb"
   # extension) is the missing file which caused the exception to be raised.
   def is_missing?(location)
-    location.sub(/\.rb$/, ''.freeze) == path.sub(/\.rb$/, ''.freeze)
+    location.sub(/\.rb$/, "".freeze) == path.sub(/\.rb$/, "".freeze)
   end
 end
 
-MissingSourceFile = ActiveSupport::Deprecation::DeprecatedConstantProxy.new('MissingSourceFile', 'LoadError')
+MissingSourceFile = ActiveSupport::Deprecation::DeprecatedConstantProxy.new("MissingSourceFile", "LoadError")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
index ef038331c2..57feea69a5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/introspection'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/reachable'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/concerning'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/introspection"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/reachable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/concerning"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb
index b6934b9c54..83b94aa3cc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Module
 
     # Strip out punctuation on predicates, bang or writer methods since
     # e.g. target?_without_feature is not a valid method name.
-    aliased_target, punctuation = target.to_s.sub(/([?!=])$/, ''), $1
+    aliased_target, punctuation = target.to_s.sub(/([?!=])$/, ""), $1
     yield(aliased_target, punctuation) if block_given?
 
     with_method = "#{aliased_target}_with_#{feature}#{punctuation}"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
index 93fb598650..48421a8850 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Module
   alias_method :attr_internal, :attr_internal_accessor
 
   class << self; attr_accessor :attr_internal_naming_format end
-  self.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
+  self.attr_internal_naming_format = "@_%s"
 
   private
     def attr_internal_ivar_name(attr)
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Module
     end
 
     def attr_internal_define(attr_name, type)
-      internal_name = attr_internal_ivar_name(attr_name).sub(/\A@/, '')
+      internal_name = attr_internal_ivar_name(attr_name).sub(/\A@/, "")
       # use native attr_* methods as they are faster on some Ruby implementations
       send("attr_#{type}", internal_name)
       attr_name, internal_name = "#{attr_name}=", "#{internal_name}=" if type == :writer
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb
index 8f761a8f60..90989f4f3d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 # Extends the module object with class/module and instance accessors for
 # class/module attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread.rb
index 7015333f7c..1ebae1f4f3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors_per_thread.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 # Extends the module object with class/module and instance accessors for
 # class/module attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb
index 65b88b9bbd..97b0a382ce 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
+require "active_support/concern"
 
 class Module
   # = Bite-sized separation of concerns
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
index 946a0f4177..f01ff23bcf 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'set'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "set"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 class Module
   # Error generated by +delegate+ when a method is called on +nil+ and +allow_nil+
@@ -151,18 +151,18 @@ class Module
   # The target method must be public, otherwise it will raise +NoMethodError+.
   def delegate(*methods, to: nil, prefix: nil, allow_nil: nil)
     unless to
-      raise ArgumentError, 'Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, to: :greeter).'
+      raise ArgumentError, "Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, to: :greeter)."
     end
 
     if prefix == true && /^[^a-z_]/.match?(to)
-      raise ArgumentError, 'Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method.'
+      raise ArgumentError, "Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method."
     end
 
     method_prefix = \
       if prefix
         "#{prefix == true ? to : prefix}_"
       else
-        ''
+        ""
       end
 
     location = caller_locations(1, 1).first
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Module
     methods.each do |method|
       # Attribute writer methods only accept one argument. Makes sure []=
       # methods still accept two arguments.
-      definition = /[^\]]=$/.match?(method) ? 'arg' : '*args, &block'
+      definition = /[^\]]=$/.match?(method) ? "arg" : "*args, &block"
 
       # The following generated method calls the target exactly once, storing
       # the returned value in a dummy variable.
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class Module
           "  _.#{method}(#{definition})",
           "end",
         "end"
-        ].join ';'
+        ].join ";"
       else
         exception = %(raise DelegationError, "#{self}##{method_prefix}#{method} delegated to #{to}.#{method}, but #{to} is nil: \#{self.inspect}")
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class Module
           "    raise",
           "  end",
           "end"
-        ].join ';'
+        ].join ";"
       end
 
       module_eval(method_def, file, line)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
index fa692e1b0e..4f854a718b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector'
+require "active_support/inflector"
 
 class Module
   # Returns the name of the module containing this one.
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class Module
   def parents
     parents = []
     if parent_name
-      parts = parent_name.split('::')
+      parts = parent_name.split("::")
       until parts.empty?
-        parents << ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parts * '::')
+        parents << ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parts * "::")
         parts.pop
       end
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/method_transplanting.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/method_transplanting.rb
index 1fde3db070..dccfa3e9bb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/method_transplanting.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/method_transplanting.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
 
 ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("This file is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb
index 3ea39d4267..62f0687ae9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
 
 #--
 # Allows code reuse in the methods below without polluting Module.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
 
     def self.names(path)
-      path.split('::')
+      path.split("::")
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/reachable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/reachable.rb
index 5d3d0e9851..b89a38f26c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/reachable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/reachable.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
 
 class Module
   def reachable? #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric.rb
index bcdc3eace2..6062f9e3a8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/inquiry'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions'
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/inquiry"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions.rb
index 6586a351f8..ad7b9019c4 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/conversions.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions'
-require 'active_support/number_helper'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation'
+require "active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions"
+require "active_support/number_helper"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation"
 
 module ActiveSupport::NumericWithFormat
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
index c6ece22f8d..809dfd4e07 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-require 'active_support/duration'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like'
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/acts_like"
 
 class Numeric
   # Enables the use of time calculations and declarations, like 45.minutes + 2.hours + 4.years.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
index f4f9152d6a..58bbf78601 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/try"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion"
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/instance_variables'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/instance_variables"
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/json'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/with_options'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/json"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/with_options"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb
index 045731d752..bdb50ee291 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 class Object
   # An object is blank if it's false, empty, or a whitespace string.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/conversions.rb
index 540f7aadb0..918ebcdc9f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/conversions.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb
index 8dfeed0066..5ac649e552 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable"
 
 class Object
   # Returns a deep copy of object if it's duplicable. If it's
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable.rb
index 9bc5ee65ba..aa2282cb7e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable.rb
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class Numeric
   end
 end
 
-require 'bigdecimal'
+require "bigdecimal"
 class BigDecimal
   # BigDecimals are duplicable:
   #
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/json.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/json.rb
index 363bde5a68..3e4894ce19 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/json.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/json.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # Hack to load json gem first so we can overwrite its to_json.
-require 'json'
-require 'bigdecimal'
-require 'uri/generic'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions' # for #to_s
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/except'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/instance_variables'
-require 'time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/conversions'
+require "json"
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "uri/generic"
+require "pathname"
+require "active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions" # for #to_s
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/except"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/slice"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/instance_variables"
+require "time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/conversions"
 
 # The JSON gem adds a few modules to Ruby core classes containing :to_json definition, overwriting
 # their default behavior. That said, we need to define the basic to_json method in all of them,
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class DateTime
     if ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format
       xmlschema(ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.time_precision)
     else
-      strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S %z')
+      strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S %z")
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb
index 684d4ef57e..5eeaf03163 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_param.rb
@@ -1 +1 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb
index ec5ace4e16..a3a3abacbb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/to_query.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'cgi'
+require "cgi"
 
 class Object
   # Alias of <tt>to_s</tt>.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Array
   # Calls <tt>to_param</tt> on all its elements and joins the result with
   # slashes. This is used by <tt>url_for</tt> in Action Pack.
   def to_param
-    collect(&:to_param).join '/'
+    collect(&:to_param).join "/"
   end
 
   # Converts an array into a string suitable for use as a URL query string,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Array
     if empty?
       nil.to_query(prefix)
     else
-      collect { |value| value.to_query(prefix) }.join '&'
+      collect { |value| value.to_query(prefix) }.join "&"
     end
   end
 end
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class Hash
       unless (value.is_a?(Hash) || value.is_a?(Array)) && value.empty?
         value.to_query(namespace ? "#{namespace}[#{key}]" : key)
       end
-    end.compact.sort! * '&'
+    end.compact.sort! * "&"
   end
 
   alias_method :to_param, :to_query
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb
index 3b6d9da216..b2be619b2d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/try.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'delegate'
+require "delegate"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Tryable #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/with_options.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/with_options.rb
index 513c8b1d55..cf39b1d312 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/with_options.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/with_options.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/option_merger'
+require "active_support/option_merger"
 
 class Object
   # An elegant way to factor duplication out of options passed to a series of
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range.rb
index 9368e81235..3190e3ff76 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/range/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/range/include_range'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/range/overlaps'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/range/each'
+require "active_support/core_ext/range/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/range/include_range"
+require "active_support/core_ext/range/overlaps"
+require "active_support/core_ext/range/each"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/securerandom.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/securerandom.rb
index 98cf7430f7..92392d1a92 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/securerandom.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/securerandom.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'securerandom'
+require "securerandom"
 
 module SecureRandom
-  BASE58_ALPHABET = ('0'..'9').to_a  + ('A'..'Z').to_a + ('a'..'z').to_a - ['0', 'O', 'I', 'l']
+  BASE58_ALPHABET = ("0".."9").to_a  + ("A".."Z").to_a + ("a".."z").to_a - ["0", "O", "I", "l"]
   # SecureRandom.base58 generates a random base58 string.
   #
   # The argument _n_ specifies the length, of the random string to be generated.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string.rb
index c656db2c6c..4cb3200875 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/behavior'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/exclude'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/indent'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/zones'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/behavior"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/exclude"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/strip"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/indent"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/zones"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/access.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/access.rb
index 213a91aa7a..b6afd32fb0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/access.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/access.rb
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class String
   #   str.first(6) # => "hello"
   def first(limit = 1)
     if limit == 0
-      ''
+      ""
     elsif limit >= size
       self.dup
     else
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class String
   #   str.last(6) # => "hello"
   def last(limit = 1)
     if limit == 0
-      ''
+      ""
     elsif limit >= size
       self.dup
     else
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
index 946976c5e9..221b4969cc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'date'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/calculations'
+require "date"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/calculations"
 
 class String
   # Converts a string to a Time value.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
index 375ec1aef8..a9ec2eb842 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class String
   #   str.squish!                         # => "foo bar boo"
   #   str                                 # => "foo bar boo"
   def squish!
-    gsub!(/[[:space:]]+/, ' ')
+    gsub!(/[[:space:]]+/, " ")
     strip!
     self
   end
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class String
   def truncate(truncate_at, options = {})
     return dup unless length > truncate_at
 
-    omission = options[:omission] || '...'
+    omission = options[:omission] || "..."
     length_with_room_for_omission = truncate_at - omission.length
     stop = \
       if options[:separator]
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class String
     sep = options[:separator] || /\s+/
     sep = Regexp.escape(sep.to_s) unless Regexp === sep
     if self =~ /\A((?>.+?#{sep}){#{words_count - 1}}.+?)#{sep}.*/m
-      $1 + (options[:omission] || '...')
+      $1 + (options[:omission] || "...")
     else
       dup
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/indent.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/indent.rb
index ce3a69cf5f..4cc332aa23 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/indent.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/indent.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ class String
   #
   # Returns the indented string, or +nil+ if there was nothing to indent.
   def indent!(amount, indent_string=nil, indent_empty_lines=false)
-    indent_string = indent_string || self[/^[ \t]/] || ' '
+    indent_string = indent_string || self[/^[ \t]/] || " "
     re = indent_empty_lines ? /^/ : /^(?!$)/
     gsub!(re, indent_string * amount)
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb
index 7277f51076..26d5c43ae9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
-require 'active_support/inflector/transliterate'
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+require "active_support/inflector/transliterate"
 
 # String inflections define new methods on the String class to transform names for different purposes.
 # For instance, you can figure out the name of a table from the name of a class.
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class String
   #
   #   <%= link_to(@person.name, person_path) %>
   #   # => <a href="/person/1-Donald-E-Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a>
-  def parameterize(sep = :unused, separator: '-', preserve_case: false)
+  def parameterize(sep = :unused, separator: "-", preserve_case: false)
     unless sep == :unused
       ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Passing the separator argument as a positional parameter is deprecated and will soon be removed. Use `separator: '#{sep}'` instead.")
       separator = sep
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry.rb
index 1dcd949536..c95d83beae 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/string_inquirer'
+require "active_support/string_inquirer"
 
 class String
   # Wraps the current string in the <tt>ActiveSupport::StringInquirer</tt> class,
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
index cc6f2158e7..1c73182259 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/multibyte'
+require "active_support/multibyte"
 
 class String
   # == Multibyte proxy
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
index f1a0c47c54..d01a837fc9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-require 'erb'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
-require 'active_support/multibyte/unicode'
+require "erb"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"
+require "active_support/multibyte/unicode"
 
 class ERB
   module Util
-    HTML_ESCAPE = { '&' => '&amp;',  '>' => '&gt;',   '<' => '&lt;', '"' => '&quot;', "'" => '&#39;' }
-    JSON_ESCAPE = { '&' => '\u0026', '>' => '\u003e', '<' => '\u003c', "\u2028" => '\u2028', "\u2029" => '\u2029' }
+    HTML_ESCAPE = { "&" => "&amp;",  ">" => "&gt;",   "<" => "&lt;", '"' => "&quot;", "'" => "&#39;" }
+    JSON_ESCAPE = { "&" => '\u0026', ">" => '\u003e', "<" => '\u003c', "\u2028" => '\u2028', "\u2029" => '\u2029' }
     HTML_ESCAPE_ONCE_REGEXP = /["><']|&(?!([a-zA-Z]+|(#\d+)|(#[xX][\dA-Fa-f]+));)/
     JSON_ESCAPE_REGEXP = /[\u2028\u2029&><]/u
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
     # Raised when <tt>ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#safe_concat</tt> is called on unsafe buffers.
     class SafeConcatError < StandardError
       def initialize
-        super 'Could not concatenate to the buffer because it is not html safe.'
+        super "Could not concatenate to the buffer because it is not html safe."
       end
     end
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
       original_concat(value)
     end
 
-    def initialize(str = '')
+    def initialize(str = "")
       @html_safe = true
       super
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/strip.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/strip.rb
index 55b9b87352..bb62e6c0ba 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/strip.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/strip.rb
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ class String
   # Technically, it looks for the least indented non-empty line
   # in the whole string, and removes that amount of leading whitespace.
   def strip_heredoc
-    gsub(/^#{scan(/^[ \t]*(?=\S)/).min}/, ''.freeze)
+    gsub(/^#{scan(/^[ \t]*(?=\S)/).min}/, "".freeze)
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/zones.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/zones.rb
index 510c884c18..de5a28e4f7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/zones.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/zones.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/zones"
 
 class String
   # Converts String to a TimeWithZone in the current zone if Time.zone or Time.zone_default
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/struct.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/struct.rb
index 1fde3db070..dccfa3e9bb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/struct.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/struct.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
 
 ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("This file is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time.rb
index 0bce632222..b1ae4a45d9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/zones"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like.rb
index 3f853b7893..cf4b2539c5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
 
 class Time
   # Duck-types as a Time-like class. See Object#acts_like?.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
index e81b48ab26..756df53069 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-require 'active_support/duration'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
-require 'active_support/time_with_zone'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date/calculations'
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/conversions"
+require "active_support/time_with_zone"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/zones"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/calculations"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date/calculations"
 
 class Time
   include DateAndTime::Calculations
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class Time
     elsif zone
       ::Time.local(new_year, new_month, new_day, new_hour, new_min, new_sec, new_usec)
     else
-      raise ArgumentError, 'argument out of range' if new_usec >= 1000000
+      raise ArgumentError, "argument out of range" if new_usec >= 1000000
       ::Time.new(new_year, new_month, new_day, new_hour, new_min, new_sec + (new_usec.to_r / 1000000), utc_offset)
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility.rb
index 945319461b..ca4b9574d5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/compatibility.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility'
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility"
 
 class Time
   prepend DateAndTime::Compatibility
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
index 536c4bf525..32f17992ec 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
-require 'active_support/values/time_zone'
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+require "active_support/values/time_zone"
 
 class Time
   DATE_FORMATS = {
-    :db           => '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
-    :number       => '%Y%m%d%H%M%S',
-    :nsec         => '%Y%m%d%H%M%S%9N',
-    :usec         => '%Y%m%d%H%M%S%6N',
-    :time         => '%H:%M',
-    :short        => '%d %b %H:%M',
-    :long         => '%B %d, %Y %H:%M',
+    :db           => "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+    :number       => "%Y%m%d%H%M%S",
+    :nsec         => "%Y%m%d%H%M%S%9N",
+    :usec         => "%Y%m%d%H%M%S%6N",
+    :time         => "%H:%M",
+    :short        => "%d %b %H:%M",
+    :long         => "%B %d, %Y %H:%M",
     :long_ordinal => lambda { |time|
       day_format = ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(time.day)
       time.strftime("%B #{day_format}, %Y %H:%M")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/marshal.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/marshal.rb
index 467bad1726..d095d76ebb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/marshal.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/marshal.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
 
 ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("This is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
index 7a60f94996..87b5ad903a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/time_with_zone'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/zones'
+require "active_support/time_with_zone"
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/zones"
 
 class Time
   include DateAndTime::Zones
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/uri.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/uri.rb
index c6c183edd9..342a5fcd52 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/uri.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/uri.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'uri'
+require "uri"
 str = "\xE6\x97\xA5\xE6\x9C\xAC\xE8\xAA\x9E" # Ni-ho-nn-go in UTF-8, means Japanese.
 parser = URI::Parser.new
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ unless str == parser.unescape(parser.escape(str))
       # YK: My initial experiments say yes, but let's be sure please
       enc = str.encoding
       enc = Encoding::UTF_8 if enc == Encoding::US_ASCII
-      str.gsub(escaped) { |match| [match[1, 2].hex].pack('C') }.force_encoding(enc)
+      str.gsub(escaped) { |match| [match[1, 2].hex].pack("C") }.force_encoding(enc)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
index 57f6286de3..73ca737c82 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-require 'set'
-require 'thread'
-require 'concurrent/map'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/introspection'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/load_error'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/name_error'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with'
+require "set"
+require "thread"
+require "concurrent/map"
+require "pathname"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/introspection"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/load_error"
+require "active_support/core_ext/name_error"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with"
 require "active_support/dependencies/interlock"
-require 'active_support/inflector'
+require "active_support/inflector"
 
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Dependencies #:nodoc:
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
 
     # Should we load files or require them?
     mattr_accessor :mechanism
-    self.mechanism = ENV['NO_RELOAD'] ? :require : :load
+    self.mechanism = ENV["NO_RELOAD"] ? :require : :load
 
     # The set of directories from which we may automatically load files. Files
     # under these directories will be reloaded on each request in development mode,
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
 
       if file_path
         expanded = File.expand_path(file_path)
-        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, ''.freeze)
+        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, "".freeze)
 
         if loading.include?(expanded)
           raise "Circular dependency detected while autoloading constant #{qualified_name}"
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
 
       def store(klass)
         return self unless klass.respond_to?(:name)
-        raise(ArgumentError, 'anonymous classes cannot be cached') if klass.name.empty?
+        raise(ArgumentError, "anonymous classes cannot be cached") if klass.name.empty?
         @store[klass.name] = klass
         self
       end
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
     # A module, class, symbol, or string may be provided.
     def to_constant_name(desc) #:nodoc:
       case desc
-        when String then desc.sub(/^::/, '')
+        when String then desc.sub(/^::/, "")
         when Symbol then desc.to_s
         when Module
           desc.name ||
@@ -686,17 +686,17 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
 
     def remove_constant(const) #:nodoc:
       # Normalize ::Foo, ::Object::Foo, Object::Foo, Object::Object::Foo, etc. as Foo.
-      normalized = const.to_s.sub(/\A::/, '')
-      normalized.sub!(/\A(Object::)+/, '')
+      normalized = const.to_s.sub(/\A::/, "")
+      normalized.sub!(/\A(Object::)+/, "")
 
-      constants = normalized.split('::')
+      constants = normalized.split("::")
       to_remove = constants.pop
 
       # Remove the file path from the loaded list.
       file_path = search_for_file(const.underscore)
       if file_path
         expanded = File.expand_path(file_path)
-        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, '')
+        expanded.sub!(/\.rb\z/, "")
         self.loaded.delete(expanded)
       end
 
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
         # here than require the caller to be clever. We check the parent
         # rather than the very const argument because we do not want to
         # trigger Kernel#autoloads, see the comment below.
-        parent_name = constants.join('::')
+        parent_name = constants.join("::")
         return unless qualified_const_defined?(parent_name)
         parent = constantize(parent_name)
       end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb
index 75b769574c..e4e18439c5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/concurrency/share_lock'
+require "active_support/concurrency/share_lock"
 
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Dependencies #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation.rb
index b581710067..191e582de8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'singleton'
+require "singleton"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # \Deprecation specifies the API used by Rails to deprecate methods, instance
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # a circular require warning for active_support/deprecation.rb.
     #
     # So, we define the constant first, and load dependencies later.
-    require 'active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator'
-    require 'active_support/deprecation/behaviors'
-    require 'active_support/deprecation/reporting'
-    require 'active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers'
-    require 'active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers'
-    require 'active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation'
+    require "active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator"
+    require "active_support/deprecation/behaviors"
+    require "active_support/deprecation/reporting"
+    require "active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers"
+    require "active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers"
+    require "active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation"
 
     include Singleton
     include InstanceDelegator
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # and the second is a library name
     #
     #   ActiveSupport::Deprecation.new('2.0', 'MyLibrary')
-    def initialize(deprecation_horizon = '5.2', gem_name = 'Rails')
+    def initialize(deprecation_horizon = "5.2", gem_name = "Rails")
       self.gem_name = gem_name
       self.deprecation_horizon = deprecation_horizon
       # By default, warnings are not silenced and debugging is off.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/behaviors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/behaviors.rb
index 35a9e5f8b8..d2a15c3acb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/behaviors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/behaviors.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
             if defined?(Rails.logger) && Rails.logger
               Rails.logger
             else
-              require 'active_support/logger'
+              require "active_support/logger"
               ActiveSupport::Logger.new($stderr)
             end
         logger.warn message
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator.rb
index 8472a58add..8efa6aabdc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/instance_delegator.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/singleton_class"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Deprecation
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
index f5ea6669ce..7655fa4f99 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Deprecation
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
index a83c8054ec..1c6618b19a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Deprecation
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/reporting.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/reporting.rb
index de5b233679..4e608a4664 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/reporting.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/reporting.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'rbconfig'
+require "rbconfig"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Deprecation
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         RAILS_GEM_ROOT = File.expand_path("../../../../..", __FILE__) + "/"
 
         def ignored_callstack(path)
-          path.start_with?(RAILS_GEM_ROOT) || path.start_with?(RbConfig::CONFIG['rubylibdir'])
+          path.start_with?(RAILS_GEM_ROOT) || path.start_with?(RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"])
         end
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
index 47d09f4f5a..6c6922749d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Provides accurate date and time measurements using Date#advance and
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
   class Duration
     attr_accessor :value, :parts
 
-    autoload :ISO8601Parser,     'active_support/duration/iso8601_parser'
-    autoload :ISO8601Serializer, 'active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer'
+    autoload :ISO8601Parser,     "active_support/duration/iso8601_parser"
+    autoload :ISO8601Serializer, "active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer"
 
     def initialize(value, parts) #:nodoc:
       @value, @parts = value, parts
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_parser.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_parser.rb
index 12515633fc..3f113b1ef0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_parser.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_parser.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'strscan'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "strscan"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Duration
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       class ParsingError < ::ArgumentError; end
 
       PERIOD_OR_COMMA = /\.|,/
-      PERIOD = '.'.freeze
-      COMMA = ','.freeze
+      PERIOD = ".".freeze
+      COMMA = ",".freeze
 
       SIGN_MARKER = /\A\-|\+|/
       DATE_MARKER = /P/
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       DATE_COMPONENT = /(\-?\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)(Y|M|D|W)/
       TIME_COMPONENT = /(\-?\d+(?:[.,]\d+)?)(H|M|S)/
 
-      DATE_TO_PART = { 'Y' => :years, 'M' => :months, 'W' => :weeks, 'D' => :days }
-      TIME_TO_PART = { 'H' => :hours, 'M' => :minutes, 'S' => :seconds }
+      DATE_TO_PART = { "Y" => :years, "M" => :months, "W" => :weeks, "D" => :days }
+      TIME_TO_PART = { "H" => :hours, "M" => :minutes, "S" => :seconds }
 
       DATE_COMPONENTS = [:years, :months, :days]
       TIME_COMPONENTS = [:hours, :minutes, :seconds]
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           case mode
             when :start
               if scan(SIGN_MARKER)
-                self.sign = (scanner.matched == '-') ? -1 : 1
+                self.sign = (scanner.matched == "-") ? -1 : 1
                 self.mode = :sign
               else
                 raise_parsing_error
@@ -99,21 +99,21 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       # Checks for various semantic errors as stated in ISO 8601 standard.
       def validate!
-        raise_parsing_error('is empty duration') if parts.empty?
+        raise_parsing_error("is empty duration") if parts.empty?
 
         # Mixing any of Y, M, D with W is invalid.
         if parts.key?(:weeks) && (parts.keys & DATE_COMPONENTS).any?
-          raise_parsing_error('mixing weeks with other date parts not allowed')
+          raise_parsing_error("mixing weeks with other date parts not allowed")
         end
 
         # Specifying an empty T part is invalid.
         if mode == :time && (parts.keys & TIME_COMPONENTS).empty?
-          raise_parsing_error('time part marker is present but time part is empty')
+          raise_parsing_error("time part marker is present but time part is empty")
         end
 
         fractions = parts.values.reject(&:zero?).select { |a| (a % 1) != 0 }
         unless fractions.empty? || (fractions.size == 1 && fractions.last == @parts.values.reject(&:zero?).last)
-          raise_parsing_error '(only last part can be fractional)'
+          raise_parsing_error "(only last part can be fractional)"
         end
 
         return true
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer.rb
index eb8136e208..542630b950 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration/iso8601_serializer.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/transform_values'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/transform_values"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Duration
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
         parts, sign = normalize
         return "PT0S".freeze if parts.empty?
 
-        output = 'P'
+        output = "P"
         output << "#{parts[:years]}Y"   if parts.key?(:years)
         output << "#{parts[:months]}M"  if parts.key?(:months)
         output << "#{parts[:weeks]}W"   if parts.key?(:weeks)
         output << "#{parts[:days]}D"    if parts.key?(:days)
-        time = ''
+        time = ""
         time << "#{parts[:hours]}H"     if parts.key?(:hours)
         time << "#{parts[:minutes]}M"   if parts.key?(:minutes)
         if parts.key?(:seconds)
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
             p[k] += v  unless v.zero?
           end
           # If all parts are negative - let's make a negative duration
-          sign = ''
+          sign = ""
           if parts.values.all? { |v| v < 0 }
-            sign = '-'
+            sign = "-"
             parts.transform_values!(&:-@)
           end
           [parts, sign]
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/evented_file_update_checker.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/evented_file_update_checker.rb
index a2dcf31132..576cd869e5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/evented_file_update_checker.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/evented_file_update_checker.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'set'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'concurrent/atomic/atomic_boolean'
+require "set"
+require "pathname"
+require "concurrent/atomic/atomic_boolean"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Allows you to "listen" to changes in a file system.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         # to our test suite. Thus, we lazy load it and disable warnings locally.
         silence_warnings do
           begin
-            require 'listen'
+            require "listen"
           rescue LoadError => e
             raise LoadError, "Could not load the 'listen' gem. Add `gem 'listen'` to the development group of your Gemfile", e.backtrace
           end
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def normalize_extension(ext)
-        ext.to_s.sub(/\A\./, '')
+        ext.to_s.sub(/\A\./, "")
       end
 
       # Given a collection of Pathname objects returns the longest subpath
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb
index 00c5745a25..4c8b03c9df 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/callbacks'
+require "active_support/callbacks"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class ExecutionWrapper
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/executor.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/executor.rb
index 602fb11a44..a6400cae0a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/executor.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/executor.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/execution_wrapper'
+require "active_support/execution_wrapper"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Executor < ExecutionWrapper
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb
index b5667b6ac8..6befd1de51 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time/calculations'
+require "active_support/core_ext/time/calculations"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # FileUpdateChecker specifies the API used by Rails to watch files
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
 
     def escape(key)
-      key.gsub(',','\,')
+      key.gsub(",",'\,')
     end
 
     def compile_ext(array)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/gzip.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/gzip.rb
index b837c879bb..38734a56b5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/gzip.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/gzip.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'zlib'
-require 'stringio'
+require "zlib"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # A convenient wrapper for the zlib standard library that allows
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
index 03770a197c..fc0123c956 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Implements a hash where keys <tt>:foo</tt> and <tt>"foo"</tt> are considered
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n.rb
index 6cc98191d4..f0408f429c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/except'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/except"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/slice"
 begin
-  require 'i18n'
+  require "i18n"
 rescue LoadError => e
   $stderr.puts "The i18n gem is not available. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
   raise e
 end
-require 'active_support/lazy_load_hooks'
+require "active_support/lazy_load_hooks"
 
 ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:i18n)
 I18n.load_path << "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/locale/en.yml"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflections.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflections.rb
index 2ca1124e76..afa7d1f325 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflections.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflections.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector/inflections'
+require "active_support/inflector/inflections"
 
 #--
 # Defines the standard inflection rules. These are the starting point for
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ require 'active_support/inflector/inflections'
 #++
 module ActiveSupport
   Inflector.inflections(:en) do |inflect|
-    inflect.plural(/$/, 's')
-    inflect.plural(/s$/i, 's')
+    inflect.plural(/$/, "s")
+    inflect.plural(/s$/i, "s")
     inflect.plural(/^(ax|test)is$/i, '\1es')
     inflect.plural(/(octop|vir)us$/i, '\1i')
     inflect.plural(/(octop|vir)i$/i, '\1i')
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     inflect.plural(/(buffal|tomat)o$/i, '\1oes')
     inflect.plural(/([ti])um$/i, '\1a')
     inflect.plural(/([ti])a$/i, '\1a')
-    inflect.plural(/sis$/i, 'ses')
+    inflect.plural(/sis$/i, "ses")
     inflect.plural(/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/i, '\1\2ves')
     inflect.plural(/(hive)$/i, '\1s')
     inflect.plural(/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/i, '\1ies')
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     inflect.plural(/^(oxen)$/i, '\1')
     inflect.plural(/(quiz)$/i, '\1zes')
 
-    inflect.singular(/s$/i, '')
+    inflect.singular(/s$/i, "")
     inflect.singular(/(ss)$/i, '\1')
     inflect.singular(/(n)ews$/i, '\1ews')
     inflect.singular(/([ti])a$/i, '\1um')
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
     inflect.singular(/(quiz)zes$/i, '\1')
     inflect.singular(/(database)s$/i, '\1')
 
-    inflect.irregular('person', 'people')
-    inflect.irregular('man', 'men')
-    inflect.irregular('child', 'children')
-    inflect.irregular('sex', 'sexes')
-    inflect.irregular('move', 'moves')
-    inflect.irregular('zombie', 'zombies')
+    inflect.irregular("person", "people")
+    inflect.irregular("man", "men")
+    inflect.irregular("child", "children")
+    inflect.irregular("sex", "sexes")
+    inflect.irregular("move", "moves")
+    inflect.irregular("zombie", "zombies")
 
     inflect.uncountable(%w(equipment information rice money species series fish sheep jeans police))
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
index 215a60eba7..48631b16a8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # in case active_support/inflector is required without the rest of active_support
-require 'active_support/inflector/inflections'
-require 'active_support/inflector/transliterate'
-require 'active_support/inflector/methods'
+require "active_support/inflector/inflections"
+require "active_support/inflector/transliterate"
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
 
-require 'active_support/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require "active_support/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb
index f3e52b48ac..3e948e10a0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/inflections.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'concurrent/map'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/prepend_and_append'
-require 'active_support/i18n'
+require "concurrent/map"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/prepend_and_append"
+require "active_support/i18n"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Inflector
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb
index 34131a704a..ddbdac4eae 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # The Inflector transforms words from singular to plural, class names to table
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         string = string.sub(/^(?:#{inflections.acronym_regex}(?=\b|[A-Z_])|\w)/) { |match| match.downcase }
       end
       string.gsub!(/(?:_|(\/))([a-z\d]*)/i) { "#{$1}#{inflections.acronyms[$2] || $2.capitalize}" }
-      string.gsub!('/'.freeze, '::'.freeze)
+      string.gsub!("/".freeze, "::".freeze)
       string
     end
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   camelize(underscore('SSLError'))  # => "SslError"
     def underscore(camel_cased_word)
       return camel_cased_word unless /[A-Z-]|::/.match?(camel_cased_word)
-      word = camel_cased_word.to_s.gsub('::'.freeze, '/'.freeze)
+      word = camel_cased_word.to_s.gsub("::".freeze, "/".freeze)
       word.gsub!(/(?:(?<=([A-Za-z\d]))|\b)(#{inflections.acronym_regex})(?=\b|[^a-z])/) { "#{$1 && '_'.freeze }#{$2.downcase}" }
       word.gsub!(/([A-Z\d]+)([A-Z][a-z])/, '\1_\2'.freeze)
       word.gsub!(/([a-z\d])([A-Z])/, '\1_\2'.freeze)
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       inflections.humans.each { |(rule, replacement)| break if result.sub!(rule, replacement) }
 
-      result.sub!(/\A_+/, ''.freeze)
-      result.sub!(/_id\z/, ''.freeze)
-      result.tr!('_'.freeze, ' '.freeze)
+      result.sub!(/\A_+/, "".freeze)
+      result.sub!(/_id\z/, "".freeze)
+      result.tr!("_".freeze, " ".freeze)
 
       result.gsub!(/([a-z\d]*)/i) do |match|
         "#{inflections.acronyms[match] || match.downcase}"
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   upcase_first('w')                 # => "W"
     #   upcase_first('')                  # => ""
     def upcase_first(string)
-      string.length > 0 ? string[0].upcase.concat(string[1..-1]) : ''
+      string.length > 0 ? string[0].upcase.concat(string[1..-1]) : ""
     end
 
     # Capitalizes all the words and replaces some characters in the string to
@@ -186,14 +186,14 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   classify('calculus')     # => "Calculus"
     def classify(table_name)
       # strip out any leading schema name
-      camelize(singularize(table_name.to_s.sub(/.*\./, ''.freeze)))
+      camelize(singularize(table_name.to_s.sub(/.*\./, "".freeze)))
     end
 
     # Replaces underscores with dashes in the string.
     #
     #   dasherize('puni_puni') # => "puni-puni"
     def dasherize(underscored_word)
-      underscored_word.tr('_'.freeze, '-'.freeze)
+      underscored_word.tr("_".freeze, "-".freeze)
     end
 
     # Removes the module part from the expression in the string.
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # See also #deconstantize.
     def demodulize(path)
       path = path.to_s
-      if i = path.rindex('::')
+      if i = path.rindex("::")
         path[(i+2)..-1]
       else
         path
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #
     # See also #demodulize.
     def deconstantize(path)
-      path.to_s[0, path.rindex('::') || 0] # implementation based on the one in facets' Module#spacename
+      path.to_s[0, path.rindex("::") || 0] # implementation based on the one in facets' Module#spacename
     end
 
     # Creates a foreign key name from a class name.
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # NameError is raised when the name is not in CamelCase or the constant is
     # unknown.
     def constantize(camel_cased_word)
-      names = camel_cased_word.split('::'.freeze)
+      names = camel_cased_word.split("::".freeze)
 
       # Trigger a built-in NameError exception including the ill-formed constant in the message.
       Object.const_get(camel_cased_word) if names.empty?
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/transliterate.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/transliterate.rb
index 871cfb8a72..157342cb8a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/transliterate.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector/transliterate.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte'
-require 'active_support/i18n'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte"
+require "active_support/i18n"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Inflector
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   parameterize("Donald E. Knuth", preserve_case: true) # => "Donald-E-Knuth"
     #   parameterize("^trés|Jolie-- ", preserve_case: true) # => "tres-Jolie"
     #
-    def parameterize(string, sep = :unused, separator: '-', preserve_case: false)
+    def parameterize(string, sep = :unused, separator: "-", preserve_case: false)
       unless sep == :unused
         ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("Passing the separator argument as a positional parameter is deprecated and will soon be removed. Use `separator: '#{sep}'` instead.")
         separator = sep
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         # No more than one of the separator in a row.
         parameterized_string.gsub!(re_duplicate_separator, separator)
         # Remove leading/trailing separator.
-        parameterized_string.gsub!(re_leading_trailing_separator, ''.freeze)
+        parameterized_string.gsub!(re_leading_trailing_separator, "".freeze)
       end
       
       parameterized_string.downcase! unless preserve_case
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
index 3e1d9b1d33..da938d1555 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-require 'active_support/json/decoding'
-require 'active_support/json/encoding'
+require "active_support/json/decoding"
+require "active_support/json/encoding"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb
index 64e4b0e7a9..f487fa0c65 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
-require 'json'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "json"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Look for and parse json strings that look like ISO 8601 times.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
index 031c5e9339..164f1fe497 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/json'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/json"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class << self
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
           ESCAPED_CHARS = {
             "\u2028" => '\u2028',
             "\u2029" => '\u2029',
-            '>'      => '\u003e',
-            '<'      => '\u003c',
-            '&'      => '\u0026',
+            ">"      => '\u003e',
+            "<"      => '\u003c',
+            "&"      => '\u0026',
             }
 
           ESCAPE_REGEX_WITH_HTML_ENTITIES = /[\u2028\u2029><&]/u
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb
index 0f0e931c06..8b7c5f170b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/key_generator.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'concurrent/map'
-require 'openssl'
+require "concurrent/map"
+require "openssl"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # KeyGenerator is a simple wrapper around OpenSSL's implementation of PBKDF2.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
index e782cd2d4b..e5812d75d0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
-require 'active_support/subscriber'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
+require "active_support/subscriber"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber is an object set to consume
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber/test_helper.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber/test_helper.rb
index 588ed67c81..7db156b057 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber/test_helper.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber/test_helper.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/log_subscriber'
-require 'active_support/logger'
-require 'active_support/notifications'
+require "active_support/log_subscriber"
+require "active_support/logger"
+require "active_support/notifications"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class LogSubscriber
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger.rb
index 92b890dbb0..3ba6461b57 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/logger_silence'
-require 'active_support/logger_thread_safe_level'
-require 'logger'
+require "active_support/logger_silence"
+require "active_support/logger_thread_safe_level"
+require "logger"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class Logger < ::Logger
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_silence.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_silence.rb
index 3eb8098c77..632994cf50 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_silence.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_silence.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'concurrent'
+require "active_support/concern"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "concurrent"
 
 module LoggerSilence
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_thread_safe_level.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_thread_safe_level.rb
index 5fedb5e689..7fb175dea6 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_thread_safe_level.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/logger_thread_safe_level.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
+require "active_support/concern"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module LoggerThreadSafeLevel # :nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
index 1f2736388d..2fe1e42273 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'openssl'
-require 'base64'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
-require 'active_support/message_verifier'
+require "openssl"
+require "base64"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/message_verifier"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # MessageEncryptor is a simple way to encrypt values which get stored
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       sign_secret = signature_key_or_options.first
       @secret = secret
       @sign_secret = sign_secret
-      @cipher = options[:cipher] || 'aes-256-cbc'
-      @digest = options[:digest] || 'SHA1' unless aead_mode?
+      @cipher = options[:cipher] || "aes-256-cbc"
+      @digest = options[:digest] || "SHA1" unless aead_mode?
       @verifier = resolve_verifier
       @serializer = options[:serializer] || Marshal
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
index a421c92441..8419e858c6 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'base64'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/security_utils'
+require "base64"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/security_utils"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # +MessageVerifier+ makes it easy to generate and verify messages which are
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
     class InvalidSignature < StandardError; end
 
     def initialize(secret, options = {})
-      raise ArgumentError, 'Secret should not be nil.' unless secret
+      raise ArgumentError, "Secret should not be nil." unless secret
       @secret = secret
-      @digest = options[:digest] || 'SHA1'
+      @digest = options[:digest] || "SHA1"
       @serializer = options[:serializer] || Marshal
     end
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           data = signed_message.split("--".freeze)[0]
           @serializer.load(decode(data))
         rescue ArgumentError => argument_error
-          return if argument_error.message.include?('invalid base64')
+          return if argument_error.message.include?("invalid base64")
           raise
         end
       end
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def generate_digest(data)
-        require 'openssl' unless defined?(OpenSSL)
+        require "openssl" unless defined?(OpenSSL)
         OpenSSL::HMAC.hexdigest(OpenSSL::Digest.const_get(@digest).new, @secret, data)
       end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
index ffebd9a60b..f7c7befee0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Multibyte
-    autoload :Chars, 'active_support/multibyte/chars'
-    autoload :Unicode, 'active_support/multibyte/unicode'
+    autoload :Chars, "active_support/multibyte/chars"
+    autoload :Unicode, "active_support/multibyte/unicode"
 
     # The proxy class returned when calling mb_chars. You can use this accessor
     # to configure your own proxy class so you can support other encodings. See
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb
index 83db68a66f..d6b5f253b2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/chars.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-require 'active_support/json'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/behavior'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/json"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/behavior"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Multibyte #:nodoc:
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
       #
       #   'Café'.mb_chars.reverse.to_s # => 'éfaC'
       def reverse
-        chars(Unicode.unpack_graphemes(@wrapped_string).reverse.flatten.pack('U*'))
+        chars(Unicode.unpack_graphemes(@wrapped_string).reverse.flatten.pack("U*"))
       end
 
       # Limits the byte size of the string to a number of bytes without breaking
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
       #
       #  'über'.mb_chars.capitalize.to_s # => "Über"
       def capitalize
-        (slice(0) || chars('')).upcase + (slice(1..-1) || chars('')).downcase
+        (slice(0) || chars("")).upcase + (slice(1..-1) || chars("")).downcase
       end
 
       # Capitalizes the first letter of every word, when possible.
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
       #   'é'.length                         # => 2
       #   'é'.mb_chars.decompose.to_s.length # => 3
       def decompose
-        chars(Unicode.decompose(:canonical, @wrapped_string.codepoints.to_a).pack('U*'))
+        chars(Unicode.decompose(:canonical, @wrapped_string.codepoints.to_a).pack("U*"))
       end
 
       # Performs composition on all the characters.
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
       #   'é'.length                       # => 3
       #   'é'.mb_chars.compose.to_s.length # => 2
       def compose
-        chars(Unicode.compose(@wrapped_string.codepoints.to_a).pack('U*'))
+        chars(Unicode.compose(@wrapped_string.codepoints.to_a).pack("U*"))
       end
 
       # Returns the number of grapheme clusters in the string.
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
 
         def translate_offset(byte_offset) #:nodoc:
           return nil if byte_offset.nil?
-          return 0   if @wrapped_string == ''
+          return 0   if @wrapped_string == ""
 
           begin
-            @wrapped_string.byteslice(0...byte_offset).unpack('U*').length
+            @wrapped_string.byteslice(0...byte_offset).unpack("U*").length
           rescue ArgumentError
             byte_offset -= 1
             retry
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/unicode.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/unicode.rb
index 72b20fff06..86f80a97e5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/unicode.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte/unicode.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       NORMALIZATION_FORMS = [:c, :kc, :d, :kd]
 
       # The Unicode version that is supported by the implementation
-      UNICODE_VERSION = '8.0.0'
+      UNICODE_VERSION = "8.0.0"
 
       # The default normalization used for operations that require
       # normalization. It can be set to any of the normalizations
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       # Returns a regular expression pattern that matches the passed Unicode
       # codepoints.
       def self.codepoints_to_pattern(array_of_codepoints) #:nodoc:
-        array_of_codepoints.collect{ |e| [e].pack 'U*'.freeze }.join('|'.freeze)
+        array_of_codepoints.collect{ |e| [e].pack "U*".freeze }.join("|".freeze)
       end
       TRAILERS_PAT = /(#{codepoints_to_pattern(LEADERS_AND_TRAILERS)})+\Z/u
       LEADERS_PAT = /\A(#{codepoints_to_pattern(LEADERS_AND_TRAILERS)})+/u
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #
       #   Unicode.pack_graphemes(Unicode.unpack_graphemes('क्षि')) # => 'क्षि'
       def pack_graphemes(unpacked)
-        unpacked.flatten.pack('U*')
+        unpacked.flatten.pack("U*")
       end
 
       # Re-order codepoints so the string becomes canonical.
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           reader = Encoding::Converter.new(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::UTF_16LE)
 
           source = string.dup
-          out = ''.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE)
+          out = "".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE)
 
           loop do
             reader.primitive_convert(source, out)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
             compose(reorder_characters(decompose(:compatibility, codepoints)))
           else
             raise ArgumentError, "#{form} is not a valid normalization variant", caller
-        end.pack('U*'.freeze)
+        end.pack("U*".freeze)
       end
 
       def downcase(string)
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         # UnicodeDatabase.
         def load
           begin
-            @codepoints, @composition_exclusion, @composition_map, @boundary, @cp1252 = File.open(self.class.filename, 'rb') { |f| Marshal.load f.read }
+            @codepoints, @composition_exclusion, @composition_map, @boundary, @cp1252 = File.open(self.class.filename, "rb") { |f| Marshal.load f.read }
           rescue => e
             raise IOError.new("Couldn't load the Unicode tables for UTF8Handler (#{e.message}), ActiveSupport::Multibyte is unusable")
           end
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
         # Returns the directory in which the data files are stored.
         def self.dirname
-          File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../values/'
+          File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../values/"
         end
 
         # Returns the filename for the data file for this version.
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           else
             codepoint
           end
-        end.pack('U*')
+        end.pack("U*")
       end
 
       def recode_windows1252_chars(string)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
index 823d68e507..bae5f067ae 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/notifications/instrumenter'
-require 'active_support/notifications/fanout'
-require 'active_support/per_thread_registry'
+require "active_support/notifications/instrumenter"
+require "active_support/notifications/fanout"
+require "active_support/per_thread_registry"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # = Notifications
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
index c53f9c1039..055ff6e211 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'mutex_m'
-require 'concurrent/map'
+require "mutex_m"
+require "concurrent/map"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Notifications
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
index 91f94cb2d7..16e6ec95fb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'securerandom'
+require "securerandom"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Notifications
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_converter.rb
index 9d976f1831..c485a6af63 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_converter.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
-require 'active_support/i18n'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
+require "active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require "active_support/i18n"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module NumberHelper
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
 
         def default_value(key)
-          key.split('.').reduce(DEFAULTS) { |defaults, k| defaults[k.to_sym] }
+          key.split(".").reduce(DEFAULTS) { |defaults, k| defaults[k.to_sym] }
         end
 
         def valid_float? #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_currency_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_currency_converter.rb
index 57f40f33bf..0f9dce722f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_currency_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_currency_converter.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/inquiry'
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/inquiry"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module NumberHelper
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
 
         rounded_number = NumberToRoundedConverter.convert(number, options)
-        format.gsub('%n'.freeze, rounded_number).gsub('%u'.freeze, options[:unit])
+        format.gsub("%n".freeze, rounded_number).gsub("%u".freeze, options[:unit])
       end
 
       private
 
         def absolute_value(number)
-          number.respond_to?(:abs) ? number.abs : number.sub(/\A-/, '')
+          number.respond_to?(:abs) ? number.abs : number.sub(/\A-/, "")
         end
 
         def options
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_delimited_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_delimited_converter.rb
index 43c5540b6f..1d0df2e163 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_delimited_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_delimited_converter.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       private
 
         def parts
-          left, right = number.to_s.split('.'.freeze)
+          left, right = number.to_s.split(".".freeze)
           left.gsub!(delimiter_pattern) do |digit_to_delimit|
             "#{digit_to_delimit}#{options[:delimiter]}"
           end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_converter.rb
index 7a1f8171c0..bed1b2701b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_converter.rb
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@ module ActiveSupport
           exponent += 3
         end
         unit = determine_unit(units, exponent)
-        format.gsub('%n'.freeze, rounded_number).gsub('%u'.freeze, unit).strip
+        format.gsub("%n".freeze, rounded_number).gsub("%u".freeze, unit).strip
       end
 
       private
 
         def format
-          options[:format] || translate_in_locale('human.decimal_units.format')
+          options[:format] || translate_in_locale("human.decimal_units.format")
         end
 
         def determine_unit(units, exponent)
           exp = DECIMAL_UNITS[exponent]
           case units
           when Hash
-            units[exp] || ''
+            units[exp] || ""
           when String, Symbol
             I18n.translate("#{units}.#{exp}", :locale => options[:locale], :count => number.to_i)
           else
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_size_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_size_converter.rb
index a83b368b7f..fbd107463a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_size_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_human_size_converter.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       def convert
         if opts.key?(:prefix)
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn('The :prefix option of `number_to_human_size` is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.')
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("The :prefix option of `number_to_human_size` is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1 with no replacement.")
         end
 
         @number = Float(number)
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
           human_size = number / (base ** exponent)
           number_to_format = NumberToRoundedConverter.convert(human_size, options)
         end
-        conversion_format.gsub('%n'.freeze, number_to_format).gsub('%u'.freeze, unit)
+        conversion_format.gsub("%n".freeze, number_to_format).gsub("%u".freeze, unit)
       end
 
       private
 
         def conversion_format
-          translate_number_value_with_default('human.storage_units.format', :locale => options[:locale], :raise => true)
+          translate_number_value_with_default("human.storage_units.format", :locale => options[:locale], :raise => true)
         end
 
         def unit
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         end
 
         def storage_unit_key
-          key_end = smaller_than_base? ? 'byte' : STORAGE_UNITS[exponent]
+          key_end = smaller_than_base? ? "byte" : STORAGE_UNITS[exponent]
           "human.storage_units.units.#{key_end}"
         end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_percentage_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_percentage_converter.rb
index 4c04d40c19..ac647ca9b7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_percentage_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_percentage_converter.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       def convert
         rounded_number = NumberToRoundedConverter.convert(number, options)
-        options[:format].gsub('%n'.freeze, rounded_number)
+        options[:format].gsub("%n".freeze, rounded_number)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_rounded_converter.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_rounded_converter.rb
index 9fb7dfb779..cfcb0045fb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_rounded_converter.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/number_helper/number_to_rounded_converter.rb
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
           formatted_string =
             if BigDecimal === rounded_number && rounded_number.finite?
-              s = rounded_number.to_s('F')
-              s << '0'.freeze * precision
-              a, b = s.split('.'.freeze, 2)
-              a << '.'.freeze
+              s = rounded_number.to_s("F")
+              s << "0".freeze * precision
+              a, b = s.split(".".freeze, 2)
+              a << ".".freeze
               a << b[0, precision]
             else
               "%00.#{precision}f" % rounded_number
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         def format_number(number)
           if strip_insignificant_zeros
             escaped_separator = Regexp.escape(options[:separator])
-            number.sub(/(#{escaped_separator})(\d*[1-9])?0+\z/, '\1\2').sub(/#{escaped_separator}\z/, '')
+            number.sub(/(#{escaped_separator})(\d*[1-9])?0+\z/, '\1\2').sub(/#{escaped_separator}\z/, "")
           else
             number
           end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/option_merger.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/option_merger.rb
index dea84e437f..0f2caa98f2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/option_merger.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/option_merger.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge'
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class OptionMerger #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_hash.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_hash.rb
index b1658f0f27..2d986fe4e0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_hash.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_hash.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'yaml'
+require "yaml"
 
 YAML.add_builtin_type("omap") do |type, val|
   ActiveSupport::OrderedHash[val.map{ |v| v.to_a.first }]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
 
     def encode_with(coder)
-      coder.represent_seq '!omap', map { |k,v| { k => v } }
+      coder.represent_seq "!omap", map { |k,v| { k => v } }
     end
 
     def select(*args, &block)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_options.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_options.rb
index 501ba7fc76..14ed9049be 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_options.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/ordered_options.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Usually key value pairs are handled something like this:
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     def method_missing(name, *args)
       name_string = name.to_s
-      if name_string.chomp!('=')
+      if name_string.chomp!("=")
         self[name_string] = args.first
       else
-        bangs = name_string.chomp!('!')
+        bangs = name_string.chomp!("!")
 
         if bangs
           fetch(name_string.to_sym).presence || raise(KeyError.new("#{name_string} is blank."))
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/per_thread_registry.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/per_thread_registry.rb
index 18ca951372..9e6d8d4fd8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/per_thread_registry.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/per_thread_registry.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # NOTE: This approach has been deprecated for end-user code in favor of {thread_mattr_accessor}[rdoc-ref:Module#thread_mattr_accessor] and friends.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   # If the class has an initializer, it must accept no arguments.
   module PerThreadRegistry
     def self.extended(object)
-      object.instance_variable_set '@per_thread_registry_key', object.name.freeze
+      object.instance_variable_set "@per_thread_registry_key", object.name.freeze
     end
 
     def instance
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/rails.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/rails.rb
index c8e3a4bf53..57380061f7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/rails.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/rails.rb
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@
 # Rails and can change anytime.
 
 # Defines Object#blank? and Object#present?.
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
 
 # Rails own autoload, eager_load, etc.
-require 'active_support/dependencies/autoload'
+require "active_support/dependencies/autoload"
 
 # Support for ClassMethods and the included macro.
-require 'active_support/concern'
+require "active_support/concern"
 
 # Defines Class#class_attribute.
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
 
 # Defines Module#delegate.
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
 
 # Defines ActiveSupport::Deprecation.
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/railtie.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/railtie.rb
index 845788b669..b875875afe 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/railtie.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/railtie.rb
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       rescue TZInfo::DataSourceNotFound => e
         raise e.exception "tzinfo-data is not present. Please add gem 'tzinfo-data' to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
       end
-      require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
+      require "active_support/core_ext/time/zones"
       zone_default = Time.find_zone!(app.config.time_zone)
 
       unless zone_default
-        raise 'Value assigned to config.time_zone not recognized. ' \
+        raise "Value assigned to config.time_zone not recognized. " \
           'Run "rake time:zones:all" for a time zone names list.'
       end
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # Sets the default week start
     # If assigned value is not a valid day symbol (e.g. :sunday, :monday, ...), an exception will be raised.
     initializer "active_support.initialize_beginning_of_week" do |app|
-      require 'active_support/core_ext/date/calculations'
+      require "active_support/core_ext/date/calculations"
       beginning_of_week_default = Date.find_beginning_of_week!(app.config.beginning_of_week)
 
       Date.beginning_of_week_default = beginning_of_week_default
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/reloader.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/reloader.rb
index 5623bdd349..121c621751 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/reloader.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/reloader.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/execution_wrapper'
+require "active_support/execution_wrapper"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   #--
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/rescuable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/rescuable.rb
index 2c05deee41..dc3f27a16d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/rescuable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/rescuable.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require "active_support/concern"
+require "active_support/core_ext/class/attribute"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Rescuable module adds support for easier exception handling.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           if block_given?
             with = block
           else
-            raise ArgumentError, 'Need a handler. Pass the with: keyword argument or provide a block.'
+            raise ArgumentError, "Need a handler. Pass the with: keyword argument or provide a block."
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/security_utils.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/security_utils.rb
index 9be8613ada..b655d64449 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/security_utils.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/security_utils.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'digest'
+require "digest"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module SecurityUtils
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/string_inquirer.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/string_inquirer.rb
index 5290f589d9..09e1cbb28d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/string_inquirer.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/string_inquirer.rb
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
     private
 
       def respond_to_missing?(method_name, include_private = false)
-        method_name[-1] == '?'
+        method_name[-1] == "?"
       end
 
       def method_missing(method_name, *arguments)
-        if method_name[-1] == '?'
+        if method_name[-1] == "?"
           self == method_name[0..-2]
         else
           super
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
index 1cd4b807ad..33c2f1a025 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/subscriber.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/per_thread_registry'
+require "active_support/per_thread_registry"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # ActiveSupport::Subscriber is an object set to consume
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       event.end = finished
       event.payload.merge!(payload)
 
-      method = name.split('.'.freeze).first
+      method = name.split(".".freeze).first
       send(method, event)
     end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb
index bcd7bf74c0..6836378943 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'logger'
-require 'active_support/logger'
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "logger"
+require "active_support/logger"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Wraps any standard Logger object to provide tagging capabilities.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/test_case.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/test_case.rb
index 221e1171e7..5ea3a7010b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/test_case.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/test_case.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-gem 'minitest' # make sure we get the gem, not stdlib
-require 'minitest'
-require 'active_support/testing/tagged_logging'
-require 'active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown'
-require 'active_support/testing/assertions'
-require 'active_support/testing/deprecation'
-require 'active_support/testing/declarative'
-require 'active_support/testing/isolation'
-require 'active_support/testing/constant_lookup'
-require 'active_support/testing/time_helpers'
-require 'active_support/testing/file_fixtures'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
+gem "minitest" # make sure we get the gem, not stdlib
+require "minitest"
+require "active_support/testing/tagged_logging"
+require "active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown"
+require "active_support/testing/assertions"
+require "active_support/testing/deprecation"
+require "active_support/testing/declarative"
+require "active_support/testing/isolation"
+require "active_support/testing/constant_lookup"
+require "active_support/testing/time_helpers"
+require "active_support/testing/file_fixtures"
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class TestCase < ::Minitest::Test
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/autorun.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/autorun.rb
index 84c6b89340..898ef209da 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/autorun.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/autorun.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-gem 'minitest'
+gem "minitest"
 
-require 'minitest'
+require "minitest"
 
 if Minitest.respond_to?(:run_with_rails_extension)
   unless Minitest.run_with_rails_extension
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/deprecation.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/deprecation.rb
index 643b32939d..58911570e8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/deprecation.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/deprecation.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/deprecation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
+require "active_support/deprecation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/regexp"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/isolation.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/isolation.rb
index 7dd03ce65d..23fe47a039 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/isolation.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/isolation.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
     module Isolation
-      require 'thread'
+      require "thread"
 
       def self.included(klass) #:nodoc:
         klass.class_eval do
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
           else
             Tempfile.open("isolation") do |tmpfile|
               env = {
-                'ISOLATION_TEST' => self.class.name,
-                'ISOLATION_OUTPUT' => tmpfile.path
+                "ISOLATION_TEST" => self.class.name,
+                "ISOLATION_OUTPUT" => tmpfile.path
               }
 
               load_paths = $-I.map {|p| "-I\"#{File.expand_path(p)}\"" }.join(" ")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/method_call_assertions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/method_call_assertions.rb
index fccaa54f40..6b07416fdc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/method_call_assertions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/method_call_assertions.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'minitest/mock'
+require "minitest/mock"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb
index 33f2b8dc9b..358c79c321 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/concern'
-require 'active_support/callbacks'
+require "active_support/concern"
+require "active_support/callbacks"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/tagged_logging.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/tagged_logging.rb
index 843ce4a867..afdff87b45 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/tagged_logging.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/tagged_logging.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       def before_setup
         if tagged_logger && tagged_logger.info?
           heading = "#{self.class}: #{name}"
-          divider = '-' * heading.size
+          divider = "-" * heading.size
           tagged_logger.info divider
           tagged_logger.info heading
           tagged_logger.info divider
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/time_helpers.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/time_helpers.rb
index 41dff281ef..e2f008b4b7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/time_helpers.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/time_helpers.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip' # for strip_heredoc
-require 'concurrent/map'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/strip" # for strip_heredoc
+require "concurrent/map"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time.rb
index ea2d3391bd..7658228ca6 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 module ActiveSupport
-  autoload :Duration, 'active_support/duration'
-  autoload :TimeWithZone, 'active_support/time_with_zone'
-  autoload :TimeZone, 'active_support/values/time_zone'
+  autoload :Duration, "active_support/duration"
+  autoload :TimeWithZone, "active_support/time_with_zone"
+  autoload :TimeZone, "active_support/values/time_zone"
 end
 
-require 'date'
-require 'time'
+require "date"
+require "time"
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time'
+require "active_support/core_ext/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time"
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/integer/time'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/time'
+require "active_support/core_ext/integer/time"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/time"
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/zones'
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/conversions"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/zones"
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
index d7c35e1950..6f49ff8b53 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-require 'active_support/duration'
-require 'active_support/values/time_zone'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility'
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/values/time_zone"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # A Time-like class that can represent a time in any time zone. Necessary
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     # Report class name as 'Time' to thwart type checking.
     def self.name
-      'Time'
+      "Time"
     end
 
     PRECISIONS = Hash.new { |h, n| h[n] = "%FT%T.%#{n}N".freeze }
-    PRECISIONS[0] = '%FT%T'.freeze
+    PRECISIONS[0] = "%FT%T".freeze
 
     include Comparable, DateAndTime::Compatibility
     attr_reader :time_zone
@@ -171,12 +171,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
 
     def init_with(coder) #:nodoc:
-      initialize(coder['utc'], coder['zone'], coder['time'])
+      initialize(coder["utc"], coder["zone"], coder["time"])
     end
 
     def encode_with(coder) #:nodoc:
-      coder.tag = '!ruby/object:ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone'
-      coder.map = { 'utc' => utc, 'zone' => time_zone, 'time' => time }
+      coder.tag = "!ruby/object:ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"
+      coder.map = { "utc" => utc, "zone" => time_zone, "time" => time }
     end
 
     # Returns a string of the object's date and time in the format used by
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb
index eb89a6d4c5..d805381d1e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'tzinfo'
-require 'concurrent/map'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require "tzinfo"
+require "concurrent/map"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # The TimeZone class serves as a wrapper around TZInfo::Timezone instances.
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       "Samoa"                        => "Pacific/Apia"
     }
 
-    UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON = '%s%02d:%02d'
-    UTC_OFFSET_WITHOUT_COLON = UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON.tr(':', '')
+    UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON = "%s%02d:%02d"
+    UTC_OFFSET_WITHOUT_COLON = UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON.tr(":", "")
 
     @lazy_zones_map = Concurrent::Map.new
     @country_zones  = Concurrent::Map.new
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       #   ActiveSupport::TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(-21_600) # => "-06:00"
       def seconds_to_utc_offset(seconds, colon = true)
         format = colon ? UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON : UTC_OFFSET_WITHOUT_COLON
-        sign = (seconds < 0 ? '-' : '+')
+        sign = (seconds < 0 ? "-" : "+")
         hours = seconds.abs / 3600
         minutes = (seconds.abs % 3600) / 60
         format % [sign, hours, minutes]
@@ -437,12 +437,12 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
 
     def init_with(coder) #:nodoc:
-      initialize(coder['name'])
+      initialize(coder["name"])
     end
 
     def encode_with(coder) #:nodoc:
       coder.tag ="!ruby/object:#{self.class}"
-      coder.map = { 'name' => tzinfo.name }
+      coder.map = { "name" => tzinfo.name }
     end
 
     private
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/version.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/version.rb
index fe03984546..20b91ac911 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/version.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/version.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require_relative 'gem_version'
+require_relative "gem_version"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Returns the version of the currently loaded ActiveSupport as a <tt>Gem::Version</tt>
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
index 99fc26549e..c6459ab0ee 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-require 'time'
-require 'base64'
-require 'bigdecimal'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations'
+require "time"
+require "base64"
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/delegation"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # = XmlMini
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ module ActiveSupport
       attr_writer :original_filename, :content_type
 
       def original_filename
-        @original_filename || 'untitled'
+        @original_filename || "untitled"
       end
 
       def content_type
-        @content_type || 'application/octet-stream'
+        @content_type || "application/octet-stream"
       end
     end
 
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     # TODO: Add support for other encodings
     def _parse_binary(bin, entity) #:nodoc:
-      case entity['encoding']
-      when 'base64'
+      case entity["encoding"]
+      when "base64"
         ::Base64.decode64(bin)
       else
         bin
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
     def _parse_file(file, entity)
       f = StringIO.new(::Base64.decode64(file))
       f.extend(FileLike)
-      f.original_filename = entity['name']
-      f.content_type = entity['content_type']
+      f.original_filename = entity["name"]
+      f.content_type = entity["content_type"]
       f
     end
 
@@ -195,5 +195,5 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
   end
 
-  XmlMini.backend = 'REXML'
+  XmlMini.backend = "REXML"
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/jdom.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/jdom.rb
index 2b6162f553..44923f8da9 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/jdom.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/jdom.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-raise "JRuby is required to use the JDOM backend for XmlMini" unless RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('java')
+raise "JRuby is required to use the JDOM backend for XmlMini" unless RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("java")
 
-require 'jruby'
+require "jruby"
 include Java
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
 
 java_import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder unless defined? DocumentBuilder
 java_import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory unless defined? DocumentBuilderFactory
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_JDOM #:nodoc:
     extend self
 
-    CONTENT_KEY = '__content__'.freeze
+    CONTENT_KEY = "__content__".freeze
 
     NODE_TYPE_NAMES = %w{ATTRIBUTE_NODE CDATA_SECTION_NODE COMMENT_NODE DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
     DOCUMENT_NODE DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE ELEMENT_NODE ENTITY_NODE ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE NOTATION_NODE
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
         xml_string_reader = StringReader.new(data)
         xml_input_source = InputSource.new(xml_string_reader)
         doc = @dbf.new_document_builder.parse(xml_input_source)
-        merge_element!({CONTENT_KEY => ''}, doc.document_element, XmlMini.depth)
+        merge_element!({CONTENT_KEY => ""}, doc.document_element, XmlMini.depth)
       end
     end
 
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # element::
     #   XML element to merge into hash
     def merge_element!(hash, element, depth)
-      raise 'Document too deep!' if depth == 0
+      raise "Document too deep!" if depth == 0
       delete_empty(hash)
       merge!(hash, element.tag_name, collapse(element, depth))
     end
 
     def delete_empty(hash)
-      hash.delete(CONTENT_KEY) if hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ''
+      hash.delete(CONTENT_KEY) if hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ""
     end
 
     # Actually converts an XML document element into a data structure.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       attribute_hash = {}
       attributes = element.attributes
       (0...attributes.length).each do |i|
-         attribute_hash[CONTENT_KEY] ||= ''
+         attribute_hash[CONTENT_KEY] ||= ""
          attribute_hash[attributes.item(i).name] =  attributes.item(i).value
       end
       attribute_hash
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # element::
     #   XML element to be checked.
     def empty_content?(element)
-      text = ''
+      text = ""
       child_nodes = element.child_nodes
       (0...child_nodes.length).each do |i|
         item = child_nodes.item(i)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxml.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxml.rb
index bb0ea9c582..1be962d2b1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxml.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxml.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'libxml'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'stringio'
+require "libxml"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_LibXML #:nodoc:
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   XML Document string or IO to parse
     def parse(data)
       if !data.respond_to?(:read)
-        data = StringIO.new(data || '')
+        data = StringIO.new(data || "")
       end
 
       char = data.getc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module LibXML #:nodoc:
     end
 
     module Node #:nodoc:
-      CONTENT_ROOT = '__content__'.freeze
+      CONTENT_ROOT = "__content__".freeze
 
       # Convert XML document to hash.
       #
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ module LibXML #:nodoc:
           if c.element?
             c.to_hash(node_hash)
           elsif c.text? || c.cdata?
-            node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] ||= ''
+            node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] ||= ""
             node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] << c.content
           end
         end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxmlsax.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxmlsax.rb
index 70a95299ec..e907d610a1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxmlsax.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/libxmlsax.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-require 'libxml'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'stringio'
+require "libxml"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_LibXMLSAX #:nodoc:
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       include LibXML::XML::SaxParser::Callbacks
 
-      CONTENT_KEY   = '__content__'.freeze
-      HASH_SIZE_KEY = '__hash_size__'.freeze
+      CONTENT_KEY   = "__content__".freeze
+      HASH_SIZE_KEY = "__hash_size__".freeze
 
       attr_reader :hash
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def on_start_document
-        @hash = { CONTENT_KEY => '' }
+        @hash = { CONTENT_KEY => "" }
         @hash_stack = [@hash]
       end
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def on_start_element(name, attrs = {})
-        new_hash = { CONTENT_KEY => '' }.merge!(attrs)
+        new_hash = { CONTENT_KEY => "" }.merge!(attrs)
         new_hash[HASH_SIZE_KEY] = new_hash.size + 1
 
         case current_hash[name]
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def on_end_element(name)
-        if current_hash.length > current_hash.delete(HASH_SIZE_KEY) && current_hash[CONTENT_KEY].blank? || current_hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ''
+        if current_hash.length > current_hash.delete(HASH_SIZE_KEY) && current_hash[CONTENT_KEY].blank? || current_hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ""
           current_hash.delete(CONTENT_KEY)
         end
         @hash_stack.pop
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     def parse(data)
       if !data.respond_to?(:read)
-        data = StringIO.new(data || '')
+        data = StringIO.new(data || "")
       end
 
       char = data.getc
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogiri.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogiri.rb
index 619cc7522d..7c32b2a07b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogiri.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogiri.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 begin
-  require 'nokogiri'
+  require "nokogiri"
 rescue LoadError => e
   $stderr.puts "You don't have nokogiri installed in your application. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
   raise e
 end
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'stringio'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_Nokogiri #:nodoc:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   XML Document string or IO to parse
     def parse(data)
       if !data.respond_to?(:read)
-        data = StringIO.new(data || '')
+        data = StringIO.new(data || "")
       end
 
       char = data.getc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       module Node #:nodoc:
-        CONTENT_ROOT = '__content__'.freeze
+        CONTENT_ROOT = "__content__".freeze
 
         # Convert XML document to hash.
         #
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
             if c.element?
               c.to_hash(node_hash)
             elsif c.text? || c.cdata?
-              node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] ||= ''
+              node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] ||= ""
               node_hash[CONTENT_ROOT] << c.content
             end
           end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogirisax.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogirisax.rb
index be2d6a4cb1..d4dc90787d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogirisax.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/nokogirisax.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 begin
-  require 'nokogiri'
+  require "nokogiri"
 rescue LoadError => e
   $stderr.puts "You don't have nokogiri installed in your application. Please add it to your Gemfile and run bundle install"
   raise e
 end
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'stringio'
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_NokogiriSAX #:nodoc:
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # is being parsed using SAX events.
     class HashBuilder < Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Document
 
-      CONTENT_KEY   = '__content__'.freeze
-      HASH_SIZE_KEY = '__hash_size__'.freeze
+      CONTENT_KEY   = "__content__".freeze
+      HASH_SIZE_KEY = "__hash_size__".freeze
 
       attr_reader :hash
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def start_element(name, attrs = [])
-        new_hash = { CONTENT_KEY => '' }.merge!(Hash[attrs])
+        new_hash = { CONTENT_KEY => "" }.merge!(Hash[attrs])
         new_hash[HASH_SIZE_KEY] = new_hash.size + 1
 
         case current_hash[name]
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def end_element(name)
-        if current_hash.length > current_hash.delete(HASH_SIZE_KEY) && current_hash[CONTENT_KEY].blank? || current_hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ''
+        if current_hash.length > current_hash.delete(HASH_SIZE_KEY) && current_hash[CONTENT_KEY].blank? || current_hash[CONTENT_KEY] == ""
           current_hash.delete(CONTENT_KEY)
         end
         @hash_stack.pop
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
     def parse(data)
       if !data.respond_to?(:read)
-        data = StringIO.new(data || '')
+        data = StringIO.new(data || "")
       end
 
       char = data.getc
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
index 95af5af2c0..28da82aeb1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
-require 'stringio'
+require "active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/blank"
+require "stringio"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_REXML #:nodoc:
     extend self
 
-    CONTENT_KEY = '__content__'.freeze
+    CONTENT_KEY = "__content__".freeze
 
     # Parse an XML Document string or IO into a simple hash.
     #
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   XML Document string or IO to parse
     def parse(data)
       if !data.respond_to?(:read)
-        data = StringIO.new(data || '')
+        data = StringIO.new(data || "")
       end
 
       if data.eof?
         {}
       else
-        silence_warnings { require 'rexml/document' } unless defined?(REXML::Document)
+        silence_warnings { require "rexml/document" } unless defined?(REXML::Document)
         doc = REXML::Document.new(data)
 
         if doc.root
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
           hash
         else
           # must use value to prevent double-escaping
-          texts = ''
+          texts = ""
           element.texts.each { |t| texts << t.value }
           merge!(hash, CONTENT_KEY, texts)
         end