Index option added for change_table migrations

In case if we want to add a column into the existing table
with index on it, we have to add column and index in two
seperate lines.
With this feature we don't need to write an extra line to
add index for column. We can just use `index` option.

Old behaviour in action:
```
  change_table(:languages) do |t|
    t.string :country_code
    t.index: :country_code
  end
```

New behaviour in action:
```
  change_table(:languages) do |t|
    t.string :country_code, index: true
  end
```

Exactly same behaviour is already exist for `create_table` migrations.

3 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
index cfc5647969..8bdcdbda9b 100644
--- a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
+    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
+    columns into the existing tables.
+
+    Example:
+
+        change_table(:languages) do |t|
+          t.string :country_code, index: true
+        end
+
+    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+
 *   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
 
     Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb
index 582ac516c7..015204c056 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb
@@ -527,7 +527,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # See TableDefinition#column for details of the options you can use.
       def column(column_name, type, options = {})
+        index_options = options.delete(:index)
         @base.add_column(name, column_name, type, options)
+        index(column_name, index_options.is_a?(Hash) ? index_options : {}) if index_options
       end
 
       # Checks to see if a column exists.
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/migration/change_table_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/migration/change_table_test.rb
index 034bf32165..c108d372d1 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/migration/change_table_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/migration/change_table_test.rb
@@ -164,6 +164,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      def test_column_creates_column_with_index
+        with_change_table do |t|
+          @connection.expect :add_column, nil, [:delete_me, :bar, :integer, {}]
+          @connection.expect :add_index, nil, [:delete_me, :bar, {}]
+          t.column :bar, :integer, index: true
+        end
+      end
+
       def test_index_creates_index
         with_change_table do |t|
           @connection.expect :add_index, nil, [:delete_me, :bar, {}]