Fix generated projection fields in group by query

Closes #21922

Let `Book(id, author_id)`, `Photo(id, book_id, author_id)` and `Author(id)`

Running `Book.group(:author_id).joins(:photos).count` will produce:

* Rails 4.2 - conflicts `author_id` in both projection and group by:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, author_id AS author_id
  FROM "books" INNER JOIN "photos" ON "photos"."book_id" = "books"."id"
 GROUP BY author_id
```

* Master (9d02a25) - conflicts `author_id` only in projection:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, author_id AS author_id
  FROM "books" INNER JOIN "photos" ON "photos"."book_id" = "books"."id"
 GROUP BY "books"."author_id"
```

* With this fix:
```sql
SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_all, "books"."author_id" AS books_author_id
  FROM "books" INNER JOIN "photos" ON "photos"."book_id" = "books"."id"
 GROUP BY "books"."author_id"
```

1 files changed, 5 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb
index a0e4b4971b..4a0e6f497f 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb
@@ -455,6 +455,11 @@ class CalculationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     [1,6,2,9].each { |firm_id| assert c.keys.include?(firm_id) }
   end
 
+  def test_should_count_field_of_root_table_with_conflicting_group_by_column
+    assert_equal({ 1 => 1 }, Firm.joins(:accounts).group(:firm_id).count)
+    assert_equal({ 1 => 1 }, Firm.joins(:accounts).group('accounts.firm_id').count)
+  end
+
   def test_count_with_no_parameters_isnt_deprecated
     assert_not_deprecated { Account.count }
   end