Merge commit 'rails/master'

20 files changed, 142 insertions, 122 deletions

diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb
index 1eefebb3b3..359e70f5ed 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/aggregations.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Aggregations # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
     def clear_aggregation_cache #:nodoc:
       self.class.reflect_on_all_aggregations.to_a.each do |assoc|
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/association_preload.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/association_preload.rb
index e4ab69aa1b..5df76bb183 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/association_preload.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/association_preload.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   # See ActiveRecord::AssociationPreload::ClassMethods for documentation.
   module AssociationPreload #:nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
     # Implements the details of eager loading of ActiveRecord associations.
     # Application developers should not use this module directly.
@@ -126,6 +124,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           association_proxy = parent_record.send(reflection_name)
           association_proxy.loaded
           association_proxy.target.push(*[associated_record].flatten)
+          association_proxy.__send__(:set_inverse_instance, associated_record, parent_record)
         end
       end
 
@@ -152,7 +151,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
           seen_keys[associated_record[key].to_s] = true
           mapped_records = id_to_record_map[associated_record[key].to_s]
           mapped_records.each do |mapped_record|
-            mapped_record.send("set_#{reflection_name}_target", associated_record)
+            association_proxy = mapped_record.send("set_#{reflection_name}_target", associated_record)
+            association_proxy.__send__(:set_inverse_instance, associated_record, mapped_record)
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb
index b23cb14c1b..2fe08b2456 100755
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
   # See ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods for documentation.
   module Associations # :nodoc:
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     # These classes will be loaded when associations are created.
     # So there is no need to eager load them.
     autoload :AssociationCollection, 'active_record/associations/association_collection'
@@ -89,10 +91,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
     autoload :HasOneAssociation, 'active_record/associations/has_one_association'
     autoload :HasOneThroughAssociation, 'active_record/associations/has_one_through_association'
 
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
-
     # Clears out the association cache
     def clear_association_cache #:nodoc:
       self.class.reflect_on_all_associations.to_a.each do |assoc|
@@ -1679,17 +1677,29 @@ module ActiveRecord
           string.scan(/([\.a-zA-Z_]+).?\./).flatten
         end
 
+        def tables_in_hash(hash)
+          return [] if hash.blank?
+          tables = hash.map do |key, value|
+            if value.is_a?(Hash)
+              key.to_s
+            else
+              tables_in_string(key) if key.is_a?(String)
+            end
+          end
+          tables.flatten.compact
+        end
+
         def conditions_tables(options)
           # look in both sets of conditions
           conditions = [scope(:find, :conditions), options[:conditions]].inject([]) do |all, cond|
             case cond
               when nil   then all
-              when Array then all << cond.first
-              when Hash  then all << cond.keys
-              else            all << cond
+              when Array then all << tables_in_string(cond.first)
+              when Hash  then all << tables_in_hash(cond)
+              else            all << tables_in_string(cond)
             end
           end
-          tables_in_string(conditions.join(' '))
+          conditions.flatten
         end
 
         def order_tables(options)
@@ -1924,21 +1934,27 @@ module ActiveRecord
                   return nil if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s or row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
                   association = join.instantiate(row)
                   collection.target.push(association)
+                  collection.__send__(:set_inverse_instance, association, record)
                 when :has_one
                   return if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s
                   return if record.instance_variable_defined?("@#{join.reflection.name}")
                   association = join.instantiate(row) unless row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
-                  record.send("set_#{join.reflection.name}_target", association)
+                  set_target_and_inverse(join, association, record)
                 when :belongs_to
                   return if record.id.to_s != join.parent.record_id(row).to_s or row[join.aliased_primary_key].nil?
                   association = join.instantiate(row)
-                  record.send("set_#{join.reflection.name}_target", association)
+                  set_target_and_inverse(join, association, record)
                 else
                   raise ConfigurationError, "unknown macro: #{join.reflection.macro}"
               end
               return association
             end
 
+            def set_target_and_inverse(join, association, record)
+              association_proxy = record.send("set_#{join.reflection.name}_target", association)
+              association_proxy.__send__(:set_inverse_instance, association, record)
+            end
+
           class JoinBase # :nodoc:
             attr_reader :active_record, :table_joins
             delegate    :table_name, :column_names, :primary_key, :reflections, :sanitize_sql, :to => :active_record
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb
index 4908005d2e..b72b84343b 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/has_one_association.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
             when @reflection.options[:as]
               @finder_sql = 
                 "#{@reflection.quoted_table_name}.#{@reflection.options[:as]}_id = #{owner_quoted_id} AND " +
-                "#{@reflection.quoted_table_name}.#{@reflection.options[:as]}_type = #{@owner.class.quote_value(@owner.class.name.to_s)}"
+                "#{@reflection.quoted_table_name}.#{@reflection.options[:as]}_type = #{@owner.class.quote_value(@owner.class.base_class.name.to_s)}"
             else
               @finder_sql = "#{@reflection.quoted_table_name}.#{@reflection.primary_key_name} = #{owner_quoted_id}"
           end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb
index 3ffc48941c..8d68d77eac 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module AttributeMethods #:nodoc:
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     DEFAULT_SUFFIXES = %w(= ? _before_type_cast)
     ATTRIBUTE_TYPES_CACHED_BY_DEFAULT = [:datetime, :timestamp, :time, :date]
 
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend ClassMethods
-      base.attribute_method_suffix(*DEFAULT_SUFFIXES)
-      base.cattr_accessor :attribute_types_cached_by_default, :instance_writer => false
-      base.attribute_types_cached_by_default = ATTRIBUTE_TYPES_CACHED_BY_DEFAULT
-      base.cattr_accessor :time_zone_aware_attributes, :instance_writer => false
-      base.time_zone_aware_attributes = false
-      base.class_inheritable_accessor :skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes, :instance_writer => false
-      base.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = []
+    included do
+      attribute_method_suffix(*DEFAULT_SUFFIXES)
+
+      cattr_accessor :attribute_types_cached_by_default, :instance_writer => false
+      self.attribute_types_cached_by_default = ATTRIBUTE_TYPES_CACHED_BY_DEFAULT
+
+      cattr_accessor :time_zone_aware_attributes, :instance_writer => false
+      self.time_zone_aware_attributes = false
+
+      class_inheritable_accessor :skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes, :instance_writer => false
+      self.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = []
     end
 
     # Declare and check for suffixed attribute methods.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb
index 9717ca3d8b..4ab2818282 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/autosave_association.rb
@@ -125,16 +125,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #   post.author.name = ''
   #   post.save(false) # => true
   module AutosaveAssociation
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     ASSOCIATION_TYPES = %w{ has_one belongs_to has_many has_and_belongs_to_many }
 
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.class_eval do
-        base.extend(ClassMethods)
-        alias_method_chain :reload, :autosave_associations
+    included do
+      alias_method_chain :reload, :autosave_associations
 
-        ASSOCIATION_TYPES.each do |type|
-          base.send("valid_keys_for_#{type}_association") << :autosave
-        end
+      ASSOCIATION_TYPES.each do |type|
+        send("valid_keys_for_#{type}_association") << :autosave
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/batches.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/batches.rb
index 5a6cecd4ad..4836601297 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/batches.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/batches.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Batches # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
     # When processing large numbers of records, it's often a good idea to do
     # so in batches to prevent memory ballooning.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
index 9d04686a5f..98f9450662 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/calculations.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Calculations #:nodoc:
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     CALCULATIONS_OPTIONS = [:conditions, :joins, :order, :select, :group, :having, :distinct, :limit, :offset, :include, :from]
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
 
     module ClassMethods
       # Count operates using three different approaches.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb
index e375037b5b..a77fdb1c13 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb
@@ -211,21 +211,23 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # needs to be aware of it because an ordinary +save+ will raise such exception
   # instead of quietly returning +false+.
   module Callbacks
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     CALLBACKS = %w(
       after_find after_initialize before_save after_save before_create after_create before_update after_update before_validation
       after_validation before_validation_on_create after_validation_on_create before_validation_on_update
       after_validation_on_update before_destroy after_destroy
     )
 
-    def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-      base.extend Observable
+    included do
+      extend Observable
 
       [:create_or_update, :valid?, :create, :update, :destroy].each do |method|
-        base.send :alias_method_chain, method, :callbacks
+        alias_method_chain method, :callbacks
       end
 
-      base.send :include, ActiveSupport::Callbacks
-      base.define_callbacks *CALLBACKS
+      include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
+      define_callbacks *CALLBACKS
     end
 
     # Is called when the object was instantiated by one of the finders, like <tt>Base.find</tt>.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/dirty.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/dirty.rb
index 4a2510aa63..fac6ca40d3 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/dirty.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/dirty.rb
@@ -34,20 +34,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #   person.name << 'by'
   #   person.name_change    # => ['uncle bob', 'uncle bobby']
   module Dirty
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     DIRTY_SUFFIXES = ['_changed?', '_change', '_will_change!', '_was']
 
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.attribute_method_suffix *DIRTY_SUFFIXES
-      base.alias_method_chain :write_attribute, :dirty
-      base.alias_method_chain :save,            :dirty
-      base.alias_method_chain :save!,           :dirty
-      base.alias_method_chain :update,          :dirty
-      base.alias_method_chain :reload,          :dirty
+    included do
+      attribute_method_suffix *DIRTY_SUFFIXES
 
-      base.superclass_delegating_accessor :partial_updates
-      base.partial_updates = true
+      alias_method_chain :write_attribute, :dirty
+      alias_method_chain :save,            :dirty
+      alias_method_chain :save!,           :dirty
+      alias_method_chain :update,          :dirty
+      alias_method_chain :reload,          :dirty
 
-      base.send(:extend, ClassMethods)
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :partial_updates
+      self.partial_updates = true
     end
 
     # Do any attributes have unsaved changes?
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb
index c6501113bf..91b4b4e182 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb
@@ -805,27 +805,25 @@ end
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module TestFixtures
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.class_eval do
-        setup :setup_fixtures
-        teardown :teardown_fixtures
-
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_path
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_table_names
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_class_names
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :use_transactional_fixtures
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :use_instantiated_fixtures   # true, false, or :no_instances
-        superclass_delegating_accessor :pre_loaded_fixtures
-
-        self.fixture_table_names = []
-        self.use_transactional_fixtures = false
-        self.use_instantiated_fixtures = true
-        self.pre_loaded_fixtures = false
-
-        self.fixture_class_names = {}
-      end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
+    included do
+      setup :setup_fixtures
+      teardown :teardown_fixtures
+
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_path
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_table_names
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :fixture_class_names
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :use_transactional_fixtures
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :use_instantiated_fixtures   # true, false, or :no_instances
+      superclass_delegating_accessor :pre_loaded_fixtures
+
+      self.fixture_table_names = []
+      self.use_transactional_fixtures = false
+      self.use_instantiated_fixtures = true
+      self.pre_loaded_fixtures = false
 
-      base.extend ClassMethods
+      self.fixture_class_names = {}
     end
 
     module ClassMethods
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
index a4f5dd8516..e51748b7d2 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb
@@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # To override the name of the lock_version column, invoke the <tt>set_locking_column</tt> method.
     # This method uses the same syntax as <tt>set_table_name</tt>
     module Optimistic
-      def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-        base.extend ClassMethods
+      extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
-        base.cattr_accessor :lock_optimistically, :instance_writer => false
-        base.lock_optimistically = true
+      included do
+        cattr_accessor :lock_optimistically, :instance_writer => false
+        self.lock_optimistically = true
 
-        base.alias_method_chain :update, :lock
-        base.alias_method_chain :destroy, :lock
-        base.alias_method_chain :attributes_from_column_definition, :lock
+        alias_method_chain :update, :lock
+        alias_method_chain :destroy, :lock
+        alias_method_chain :attributes_from_column_definition, :lock
 
-        class << base
+        class << self
           alias_method :locking_column=, :set_locking_column
         end
       end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/named_scope.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/named_scope.rb
index 3df7089096..32bb36c07c 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/named_scope.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/named_scope.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module NamedScope
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     # All subclasses of ActiveRecord::Base have one named scope:
     # * <tt>scoped</tt> - which allows for the creation of anonymous \scopes, on the fly: <tt>Shirt.scoped(:conditions => {:color => 'red'}).scoped(:include => :washing_instructions)</tt>
     #
@@ -7,11 +9,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # intermediate values (scopes) around as first-class objects is convenient.
     #
     # You can define a scope that applies to all finders using ActiveRecord::Base.default_scope.
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.class_eval do
-        extend ClassMethods
-        named_scope :scoped, lambda { |scope| scope }
-      end
+    included do
+      named_scope :scoped, lambda { |scope| scope }
     end
 
     module ClassMethods
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb
index e3122d195a..1ea2f53fd8 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module NestedAttributes #:nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-      base.class_inheritable_accessor :reject_new_nested_attributes_procs, :instance_writer => false
-      base.reject_new_nested_attributes_procs = {}
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
+    included do
+      class_inheritable_accessor :reject_new_nested_attributes_procs, :instance_writer => false
+      self.reject_new_nested_attributes_procs = {}
     end
 
     # == Nested Attributes
@@ -180,10 +181,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   and the Proc should return either +true+ or +false+. When no Proc
       #   is specified a record will be built for all attribute hashes that
       #   do not have a <tt>_delete</tt> that evaluates to true.
+      #   Passing <tt>:all_blank</tt> instead of a Proc will create a proc
+      #   that will reject a record where all the attributes are blank.
       #
       # Examples:
       #   # creates avatar_attributes=
       #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :reject_if => proc { |attributes| attributes['name'].blank? }
+      #   # creates avatar_attributes=
+      #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :reject_if => :all_blank
       #   # creates avatar_attributes= and posts_attributes=
       #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :posts, :allow_destroy => true
       def accepts_nested_attributes_for(*attr_names)
@@ -201,7 +206,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
             end
 
             reflection.options[:autosave] = true
-            self.reject_new_nested_attributes_procs[association_name.to_sym] = options[:reject_if]
+
+            self.reject_new_nested_attributes_procs[association_name.to_sym] = if options[:reject_if] == :all_blank
+              proc { |attributes| attributes.all? {|k,v| v.blank?} }
+            else
+              options[:reject_if]
+            end
 
             # def pirate_attributes=(attributes)
             #   assign_nested_attributes_for_one_to_one_association(:pirate, attributes, false)
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/observer.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/observer.rb
index b35e407cc1..1ca76c7b2f 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/observer.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/observer.rb
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ require 'set'
 
 module ActiveRecord
   module Observing # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend ClassMethods
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
     module ClassMethods
       # Activates the observers assigned. Examples:
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb
index ec0175497d..3747ba449d 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Reflection # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
     # Reflection allows you to interrogate Active Record classes and objects about their associations and aggregations.
     # This information can, for example, be used in a form builder that took an Active Record object and created input
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
index 48df15d2c0..d376fd5e1b 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ require 'active_support/json'
 
 module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
   module Serialization
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.cattr_accessor :include_root_in_json, :instance_writer => false
-      base.extend ClassMethods
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
+    included do
+      cattr_accessor :include_root_in_json, :instance_writer => false
     end
 
     # Returns a JSON string representing the model. Some configuration is
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb
index d9e1ef351f..3734e170af 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
   # Timestamps are in the local timezone by default but you can use UTC by setting
   #   <tt>ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = :utc</tt>
   module Timestamp
-    def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-      base.alias_method_chain :create, :timestamps
-      base.alias_method_chain :update, :timestamps
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
 
-      base.class_inheritable_accessor :record_timestamps, :instance_writer => false
-      base.record_timestamps = true
+    included do
+      alias_method_chain :create, :timestamps
+      alias_method_chain :update, :timestamps
+
+      class_inheritable_accessor :record_timestamps, :instance_writer => false
+      self.record_timestamps = true
     end
     
     # Saves the record with the updated_at/on attributes set to the current time.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/transactions.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/transactions.rb
index b059eb7f6f..471a81dfb5 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/transactions.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/transactions.rb
@@ -3,16 +3,14 @@ require 'thread'
 module ActiveRecord
   # See ActiveRecord::Transactions::ClassMethods for documentation.
   module Transactions
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     class TransactionError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
     end
 
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-
-      base.class_eval do
-        [:destroy, :save, :save!].each do |method|
-          alias_method_chain method, :transactions
-        end
+    included do
+      [:destroy, :save, :save!].each do |method|
+        alias_method_chain method, :transactions
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb
index e6b61e0b35..9907a3c9b7 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/validations.rb
@@ -301,17 +301,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # An Errors object is automatically created for every Active Record.
   module Validations
+    extend ActiveSupport::DependencyModule
+
     VALIDATIONS = %w( validate validate_on_create validate_on_update )
 
-    def self.included(base) # :nodoc:
-      base.extend ClassMethods
-      base.class_eval do
-        alias_method_chain :save, :validation
-        alias_method_chain :save!, :validation
-      end
+    included do
+      alias_method_chain :save, :validation
+      alias_method_chain :save!, :validation
 
-      base.send :include, ActiveSupport::Callbacks
-      base.define_callbacks *VALIDATIONS
+      include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
+      define_callbacks *VALIDATIONS
     end
 
     # Active Record classes can implement validations in several ways. The highest level, easiest to read,