Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options

When I've added new `:size` option in #35071, I've found that invalid
`:limit` and `:precision` raises `ActiveRecordError` unlike other
invalid options.

I think that is hard to distinguish argument errors and statement
invalid errors since the `StatementInvalid` is a subclass of the
`ActiveRecordError`.

https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/c9e4c848eeeb8999b778fa1ae52185ca5537fffe/activerecord/lib/active_record/errors.rb#L103

```ruby
begin
  # execute any migration
rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
  # statement invalid
rescue ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError, ArgumentError
  # `ActiveRecordError` except `StatementInvalid` is maybe an argument error
end
```

I'd say this is the inconsistency worth fixing.

Before:

```ruby
add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
```

After:

```ruby
add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
```

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
index 41d1a8e4ab..0ace744509 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
@@ -548,21 +548,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
               # The hard limit is 1GB, because of a 32-bit size field, and TOAST.
               case limit
               when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
-              else raise ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on binary can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No binary type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on binary can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
               end
             when "text"
               # PostgreSQL doesn't support limits on text columns.
               # The hard limit is 1GB, according to section 8.3 in the manual.
               case limit
               when nil, 0..0x3fffffff; super(type)
-              else raise ActiveRecordError, "No text type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No text type has byte size #{limit}. The limit on text can be at most 1GB - 1byte."
               end
             when "integer"
               case limit
               when 1, 2; "smallint"
               when nil, 3, 4; "integer"
               when 5..8; "bigint"
-              else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with scale 0 instead.")
+              else raise ArgumentError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}. Use a numeric with scale 0 instead."
               end
             else
               super