Merge commit 'mainstream/master'

102 files changed, 5756 insertions, 619 deletions

diff --git a/actionpack/CHANGELOG b/actionpack/CHANGELOG
index 41e3be8b35..546adeb61d 100644
--- a/actionpack/CHANGELOG
+++ b/actionpack/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 *Edge*
 
+* Added partial scoping to TranslationHelper#translate, so if you call translate(".foo") from the people/index.html.erb template, you'll actually be calling I18n.translate("people.index.foo") [DHH]
+
 * Fix a syntax error in current_page?() that was prevent matches against URL's with multiple query parameters #1385, #1868 [chris finne/Andrew White]
 
 * Added localized rescue template when I18n.locale is set (ex: public/404.da.html) #1835 [José Valim]
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
index 3e77970367..1a3e05cc86 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ rescue LoadError
   end
 end
 
-gem 'rack', '>= 0.9.0'
-require 'rack'
-require 'action_controller/rack_ext'
+require 'action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack'
 
 module ActionController
   # TODO: Review explicit to see if they will automatically be handled by
@@ -77,7 +75,6 @@ module ActionController
   autoload :UploadedFile, 'action_controller/uploaded_file'
   autoload :UploadedStringIO, 'action_controller/uploaded_file'
   autoload :UploadedTempfile, 'action_controller/uploaded_file'
-  autoload :UrlEncodedPairParser, 'action_controller/url_encoded_pair_parser'
   autoload :UrlRewriter, 'action_controller/url_rewriter'
   autoload :UrlWriter, 'action_controller/url_rewriter'
   autoload :Verification, 'action_controller/verification'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
index 1af4133ce2..1eda6e3f04 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         layout = pick_layout(options)
         response.layout = layout.path_without_format_and_extension if layout
         logger.info("Rendering template within #{layout.path_without_format_and_extension}") if logger && layout
+        layout = layout.path_without_format_and_extension if layout
 
         if content_type = options[:content_type]
           response.content_type = content_type.to_s
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
index 1d14df0052..80d13e25f1 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     autoload :Actions, 'action_controller/caching/actions'
     autoload :Fragments, 'action_controller/caching/fragments'
     autoload :Pages, 'action_controller/caching/pages'
+    autoload :Sweeper, 'action_controller/caching/sweeping'
     autoload :Sweeping, 'action_controller/caching/sweeping'
 
     def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cgi_process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cgi_process.rb
index 7e5e95e135..54ff04cfd2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cgi_process.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cgi_process.rb
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         out.sync = false if out.respond_to?(:sync=)
 
         headers['Status'] = status.to_s
+
+        if headers.include?('Set-Cookie')
+          headers['cookie'] = headers.delete('Set-Cookie').split("\n")
+        end
+
         out.write(cgi.header(headers))
 
         body.each { |part|
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cookies.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cookies.rb
index 840ceb5abd..ca380e98d0 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cookies.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/cookies.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   # * <tt>:expires</tt> - The time at which this cookie expires, as a Time object.
   # * <tt>:secure</tt> - Whether this cookie is a only transmitted to HTTPS servers.
   #   Default is +false+.
-  # * <tt>:http_only</tt> - Whether this cookie is accessible via scripting or
+  # * <tt>:httponly</tt> - Whether this cookie is accessible via scripting or
   #   only HTTP. Defaults to +false+.
   module Cookies
     def self.included(base)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb
index 781bc48887..e91babde10 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatcher.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ module ActionController
         unless cache_classes
           # Development mode callbacks
           before_dispatch :reload_application
-          after_dispatch :cleanup_application
 
           ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper.cache_asset_timestamps = false
         end
@@ -89,20 +88,17 @@ module ActionController
     end
 
     def reload_application
+      # Cleanup the application before processing the current request.
+      ActiveRecord::Base.reset_subclasses if defined?(ActiveRecord)
+      ActiveSupport::Dependencies.clear
+      ActiveRecord::Base.clear_reloadable_connections! if defined?(ActiveRecord)
+
       # Run prepare callbacks before every request in development mode
       run_callbacks :prepare_dispatch
 
       Routing::Routes.reload
     end
 
-    # Cleanup the application by clearing out loaded classes so they can
-    # be reloaded on the next request without restarting the server.
-    def cleanup_application
-      ActiveRecord::Base.reset_subclasses if defined?(ActiveRecord)
-      ActiveSupport::Dependencies.clear
-      ActiveRecord::Base.clear_reloadable_connections! if defined?(ActiveRecord)
-    end
-
     def flush_logger
       Base.logger.flush
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/http_authentication.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/http_authentication.rb
index 5d915fda08..2ccbc22420 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/http_authentication.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/http_authentication.rb
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ module ActionController
 
         if valid_nonce && realm == credentials[:realm] && opaque(request.session.session_id) == credentials[:opaque]
           password = password_procedure.call(credentials[:username])
-          expected = expected_response(request.env['REQUEST_METHOD'], request.url, credentials, password)
+          expected = expected_response(request.env['REQUEST_METHOD'], credentials[:uri], credentials, password)
           expected == credentials[:response]
         end
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/integration.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/integration.rb
index a0e894108d..1c05ab0bf6 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/integration.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/integration.rb
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ module ActionController
 
           @headers = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
 
-          (@headers['Set-Cookie'] || []).each do |cookie|
+          (@headers['Set-Cookie'] || "").split("\n").each do |cookie|
             name, value = cookie.match(/^([^=]*)=([^;]*);/)[1,2]
             @cookies[name] = value
           end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ba6654e3d..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-require 'action_controller/rack_ext/lock'
-require 'action_controller/rack_ext/multipart'
-require 'action_controller/rack_ext/parse_query'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/lock.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/lock.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bf1889065..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/lock.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-module Rack
-  # Rack::Lock was commited to Rack core
-  # http://github.com/rack/rack/commit/7409b0c
-  # Remove this when Rack 1.0 is released
-  unless defined? Lock
-    class Lock
-      FLAG = 'rack.multithread'.freeze
-
-      def initialize(app, lock = Mutex.new)
-        @app, @lock = app, lock
-      end
-
-      def call(env)
-        old, env[FLAG] = env[FLAG], false
-        @lock.synchronize { @app.call(env) }
-      ensure
-        env[FLAG] = old
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/multipart.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/multipart.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b142307e9..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/multipart.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-module Rack
-  module Utils
-    module Multipart
-      class << self
-        def parse_multipart_with_rewind(env)
-          result = parse_multipart_without_rewind(env)
-
-          begin
-            env['rack.input'].rewind if env['rack.input'].respond_to?(:rewind)
-          rescue Errno::ESPIPE
-            # Handles exceptions raised by input streams that cannot be rewound
-            # such as when using plain CGI under Apache
-          end
-
-          result
-        end
-
-        alias_method_chain :parse_multipart, :rewind
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/parse_query.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/parse_query.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b1acef8e72..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rack_ext/parse_query.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Rack does not automatically cleanup Safari 2 AJAX POST body
-# This has not yet been commited to Rack, please +1 this ticket:
-# http://rack.lighthouseapp.com/projects/22435/tickets/19
-
-module Rack
-  module Utils
-    alias_method :parse_query_without_ajax_body_cleanup, :parse_query
-    module_function :parse_query_without_ajax_body_cleanup
-
-    def parse_query(qs, d = '&;')
-      qs = qs.dup
-      qs.chop! if qs[-1] == 0
-      parse_query_without_ajax_body_cleanup(qs, d)
-    end
-    module_function :parse_query
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/request.rb
index 935326c347..0e95cfc147 100755
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/request.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/request.rb
@@ -417,15 +417,15 @@ EOM
       FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(content_type.to_s)
     end
 
-    # Override Rack's GET method to support nested query strings
+    # Override Rack's GET method to support indifferent access
     def GET
-      @env["action_controller.request.query_parameters"] ||= UrlEncodedPairParser.parse_query_parameters(query_string)
+      @env["action_controller.request.query_parameters"] ||= normalize_parameters(super)
     end
     alias_method :query_parameters, :GET
 
-    # Override Rack's POST method to support nested query strings
+    # Override Rack's POST method to support indifferent access
     def POST
-      @env["action_controller.request.request_parameters"] ||= UrlEncodedPairParser.parse_hash_parameters(super)
+      @env["action_controller.request.request_parameters"] ||= normalize_parameters(super)
     end
     alias_method :request_parameters, :POST
 
@@ -461,5 +461,28 @@ EOM
       def named_host?(host)
         !(host.nil? || /\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/.match(host))
       end
+
+      # Convert nested Hashs to HashWithIndifferentAccess and replace
+      # file upload hashs with UploadedFile objects
+      def normalize_parameters(value)
+        case value
+        when Hash
+          if value.has_key?(:tempfile)
+            upload = value[:tempfile]
+            upload.extend(UploadedFile)
+            upload.original_path = value[:filename]
+            upload.content_type = value[:type]
+            upload
+          else
+            h = {}
+            value.each { |k, v| h[k] = normalize_parameters(v) }
+            h.with_indifferent_access
+          end
+        when Array
+          value.map { |e| normalize_parameters(e) }
+        else
+          value
+        end
+      end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb
index ec61715b57..242c8da920 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/rescue.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       'ActionView::TemplateError'         => 'template_error'
     }
 
-    RESCUES_TEMPLATE_PATH = ActionView::Template::EagerPath.new(
+    RESCUES_TEMPLATE_PATH = ActionView::Template::EagerPath.new_and_loaded(
       File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "templates"))
 
     def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/response.rb
index 27860a6207..ccff473df0 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/response.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/response.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module ActionController # :nodoc:
 
     def initialize
       @status = 200
-      @header = DEFAULT_HEADERS.dup
+      @header = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new(DEFAULT_HEADERS)
 
       @writer = lambda { |x| @body << x }
       @block = nil
@@ -144,7 +144,6 @@ module ActionController # :nodoc:
       set_content_length!
       convert_content_type!
       convert_language!
-      convert_expires!
       convert_cookies!
     end
 
@@ -167,33 +166,15 @@ module ActionController # :nodoc:
       str
     end
 
-    # Over Rack::Response#set_cookie to add HttpOnly option
     def set_cookie(key, value)
-      case value
-      when Hash
-        domain  = "; domain="  + value[:domain]    if value[:domain]
-        path    = "; path="    + value[:path]      if value[:path]
-        # According to RFC 2109, we need dashes here.
-        # N.B.: cgi.rb uses spaces...
-        expires = "; expires=" + value[:expires].clone.gmtime.
-          strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")    if value[:expires]
-        secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
-        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if value[:http_only]
-        value = value[:value]
-      end
-      value = [value]  unless Array === value
-      cookie = ::Rack::Utils.escape(key) + "=" +
-        value.map { |v| ::Rack::Utils.escape v }.join("&") +
-        "#{domain}#{path}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}"
-
-      case self["Set-Cookie"]
-      when Array
-        self["Set-Cookie"] << cookie
-      when String
-        self["Set-Cookie"] = [self["Set-Cookie"], cookie]
-      when nil
-        self["Set-Cookie"] = cookie
+      if value.has_key?(:http_only)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "The :http_only option in ActionController::Response#set_cookie " +
+          "has been renamed. Please use :httponly instead.", caller)
+        value[:httponly] ||= value.delete(:http_only)
       end
+
+      super(key, value)
     end
 
     private
@@ -236,7 +217,7 @@ module ActionController # :nodoc:
         elsif length = headers['Content-Length']
           headers['Content-Length'] = length.to_s
         elsif !body.respond_to?(:call) && (!status || status.to_s[0..2] != '304')
-          headers["Content-Length"] = body.size.to_s
+          headers["Content-Length"] = (body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size).to_s
         end
       end
 
@@ -244,10 +225,6 @@ module ActionController # :nodoc:
         headers["Content-Language"] = headers.delete("language") if headers["language"]
       end
 
-      def convert_expires!
-        headers["Expires"] = headers.delete("") if headers["expires"]
-      end
-
       def convert_cookies!
         headers['Set-Cookie'] = Array(headers['Set-Cookie']).compact
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb
index 9434c2e05e..f6369abf15 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/abstract_store.rb
@@ -17,16 +17,11 @@ module ActionController
           @loaded = false
         end
 
-        def id
-          load! unless @loaded
-          @id
-        end
-
         def session_id
           ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
-            "ActionController::Session::AbstractStore::SessionHash#session_id" +
-            "has been deprecated.Please use #id instead.", caller)
-          id
+            "ActionController::Session::AbstractStore::SessionHash#session_id " +
+            "has been deprecated. Please use request.session_options[:id] instead.", caller)
+          @env[ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY][:id]
         end
 
         def [](key)
@@ -47,20 +42,45 @@ module ActionController
 
         def data
          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
-           "ActionController::Session::AbstractStore::SessionHash#data" +
-           "has been deprecated.Please use #to_hash instead.", caller)
+           "ActionController::Session::AbstractStore::SessionHash#data " +
+           "has been deprecated. Please use #to_hash instead.", caller)
           to_hash
         end
 
+        def inspect
+          load! unless @loaded
+          super
+        end
+
         private
           def loaded?
             @loaded
           end
 
           def load!
-            @id, session = @by.send(:load_session, @env)
-            replace(session)
-            @loaded = true
+            stale_session_check! do
+              id, session = @by.send(:load_session, @env)
+              (@env[ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY] ||= {})[:id] = id
+              replace(session)
+              @loaded = true
+            end
+          end
+
+          def stale_session_check!
+            yield
+          rescue ArgumentError => argument_error
+            if argument_error.message =~ %r{undefined class/module ([\w:]*\w)}
+              begin
+                # Note that the regexp does not allow $1 to end with a ':'
+                $1.constantize
+              rescue LoadError, NameError => const_error
+                raise ActionController::SessionRestoreError, "Session contains objects whose class definition isn\\'t available.\nRemember to require the classes for all objects kept in the session.\n(Original exception: \#{const_error.message} [\#{const_error.class}])\n"
+              end
+
+              retry
+            else
+              raise
+            end
           end
       end
 
@@ -107,11 +127,7 @@ module ActionController
         if !session_data.is_a?(AbstractStore::SessionHash) || session_data.send(:loaded?) || options[:expire_after]
           session_data.send(:load!) if session_data.is_a?(AbstractStore::SessionHash) && !session_data.send(:loaded?)
 
-          if session_data.is_a?(AbstractStore::SessionHash)
-            sid = session_data.id
-          else
-            sid = generate_sid
-          end
+          sid = options[:id] || generate_sid
 
           unless set_session(env, sid, session_data.to_hash)
             return response
@@ -128,12 +144,9 @@ module ActionController
           cookie << "; HttpOnly" if options[:httponly]
 
           headers = response[1]
-          case a = headers[SET_COOKIE]
-          when Array
-            a << cookie
-          when String
-            headers[SET_COOKIE] = [a, cookie]
-          when nil
+          unless headers[SET_COOKIE].blank?
+            headers[SET_COOKIE] << "\n#{cookie}"
+          else
             headers[SET_COOKIE] = cookie
           end
         end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/cookie_store.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/cookie_store.rb
index 5a728d1877..a2543c1824 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/cookie_store.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/session/cookie_store.rb
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ module ActionController
 
       def call(env)
         env[ENV_SESSION_KEY] = AbstractStore::SessionHash.new(self, env)
-        env[ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY] = @default_options
+        env[ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY] = @default_options.dup
 
         status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
 
@@ -108,12 +108,9 @@ module ActionController
           end
 
           cookie = build_cookie(@key, cookie.merge(options))
-          case headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE]
-          when Array
-            headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE] << cookie
-          when String
-            headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE] = [headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE], cookie]
-          when nil
+          unless headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE].blank?
+            headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE] << "\n#{cookie}"
+          else
             headers[HTTP_SET_COOKIE] = cookie
           end
         end
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@ module ActionController
             expires = "; expires=" + value[:expires].clone.gmtime.
               strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT") if value[:expires]
             secure = "; secure" if value[:secure]
-            httponly = "; httponly" if value[:httponly]
+            httponly = "; HttpOnly" if value[:httponly]
             value = value[:value]
           end
           value = [value] unless Array === value
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/streaming.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/streaming.rb
index f6c01925a7..9f80f48c3d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/streaming.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/streaming.rb
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         end
         content_type = content_type.to_s.strip # fixes a problem with extra '\r' with some browsers
 
-        headers.update(
+        headers.merge!(
           'Content-Length'            => options[:length],
           'Content-Type'              => content_type,
           'Content-Disposition'       => disposition,
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_process.rb
index 4b5fc3a3c1..dbaec00bee 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_process.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_process.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     attr_accessor :query_parameters, :path, :session
     attr_accessor :host
 
-    def initialize
-      super(Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/"))
+    def self.new(env = {})
+      super
+    end
+
+    def initialize(env = {})
+      super(Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/").merge(env))
 
       @query_parameters   = {}
       @session            = TestSession.new
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/url_encoded_pair_parser.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/url_encoded_pair_parser.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b17b8a31aa..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/url_encoded_pair_parser.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-module ActionController
-  class UrlEncodedPairParser < StringScanner #:nodoc:
-    class << self
-      def parse_query_parameters(query_string)
-        return {} if query_string.blank?
-
-        pairs = query_string.split('&').collect do |chunk|
-          next if chunk.empty?
-          key, value = chunk.split('=', 2)
-          next if key.empty?
-          value = value.nil? ? nil : CGI.unescape(value)
-          [ CGI.unescape(key), value ]
-        end.compact
-
-        new(pairs).result
-      end
-
-      def parse_hash_parameters(params)
-        parser = new
-
-        params = params.dup
-        until params.empty?
-          for key, value in params
-            if key.blank?
-              params.delete(key)
-            elsif value.is_a?(Array)
-              parser.parse(key, get_typed_value(value.shift))
-              params.delete(key) if value.empty?
-            else
-              parser.parse(key, get_typed_value(value))
-              params.delete(key)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        parser.result
-      end
-
-      private
-        def get_typed_value(value)
-          case value
-          when String
-            value
-          when NilClass
-            ''
-          when Array
-            value.map { |v| get_typed_value(v) }
-          when Hash
-            if value.has_key?(:tempfile) && !value[:filename].blank?
-              upload = value[:tempfile]
-              upload.extend(UploadedFile)
-              upload.original_path = value[:filename]
-              upload.content_type = value[:type]
-              upload
-            else
-              nil
-            end
-          else
-            raise "Unknown form value: #{value.inspect}"
-          end
-        end
-    end
-
-    attr_reader :top, :parent, :result
-
-    def initialize(pairs = [])
-      super('')
-      @result = {}
-      pairs.each { |key, value| parse(key, value) }
-    end
-
-    KEY_REGEXP = %r{([^\[\]=&]+)}
-    BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP = %r{\[([^\[\]=&]+)\]}
-
-    # Parse the query string
-    def parse(key, value)
-      self.string = key
-      @top, @parent = result, nil
-
-      # First scan the bare key
-      key = scan(KEY_REGEXP) or return
-      key = post_key_check(key)
-
-      # Then scan as many nestings as present
-      until eos?
-        r = scan(BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP) or return
-        key = self[1]
-        key = post_key_check(key)
-      end
-
-      bind(key, value)
-    end
-
-    private
-      # After we see a key, we must look ahead to determine our next action. Cases:
-      #
-      #   [] follows the key. Then the value must be an array.
-      #   = follows the key. (A value comes next)
-      #   & or the end of string follows the key. Then the key is a flag.
-      #   otherwise, a hash follows the key.
-      def post_key_check(key)
-        if scan(/\[\]/) # a[b][] indicates that b is an array
-          container(key, Array)
-          nil
-        elsif check(/\[[^\]]/) # a[b] indicates that a is a hash
-          container(key, Hash)
-          nil
-        else # End of key? We do nothing.
-          key
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Add a container to the stack.
-      def container(key, klass)
-        type_conflict! klass, top[key] if top.is_a?(Hash) && top.key?(key) && ! top[key].is_a?(klass)
-        value = bind(key, klass.new)
-        type_conflict! klass, value unless value.is_a?(klass)
-        push(value)
-      end
-
-      # Push a value onto the 'stack', which is actually only the top 2 items.
-      def push(value)
-        @parent, @top = @top, value
-      end
-
-      # Bind a key (which may be nil for items in an array) to the provided value.
-      def bind(key, value)
-        if top.is_a? Array
-          if key
-            if top[-1].is_a?(Hash) && ! top[-1].key?(key)
-              top[-1][key] = value
-            else
-              top << {key => value}.with_indifferent_access
-            end
-            push top.last
-            return top[key]
-          else
-            top << value
-            return value
-          end
-        elsif top.is_a? Hash
-          key = CGI.unescape(key)
-          parent << (@top = {}) if top.key?(key) && parent.is_a?(Array)
-          top[key] ||= value
-          return top[key]
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "Don't know what to do: top is #{top.inspect}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      def type_conflict!(klass, value)
-        raise TypeError, "Conflicting types for parameter containers. Expected an instance of #{klass} but found an instance of #{value.class}. This can be caused by colliding Array and Hash parameters like qs[]=value&qs[key]=value. (The parameters received were #{value.inspect}.)"
-      end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c03b55552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 Christian Neukirchen <purl.org/net/chneukirchen>
+#
+# Rack is freely distributable under the terms of an MIT-style license.
+# See COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
+$:.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))
+
+
+# The Rack main module, serving as a namespace for all core Rack
+# modules and classes.
+#
+# All modules meant for use in your application are <tt>autoload</tt>ed here,
+# so it should be enough just to <tt>require rack.rb</tt> in your code.
+
+module Rack
+  # The Rack protocol version number implemented.
+  VERSION = [0,1]
+
+  # Return the Rack protocol version as a dotted string.
+  def self.version
+    VERSION.join(".")
+  end
+
+  # Return the Rack release as a dotted string.
+  def self.release
+    "0.4"
+  end
+
+  autoload :Builder, "rack/builder"
+  autoload :Cascade, "rack/cascade"
+  autoload :CommonLogger, "rack/commonlogger"
+  autoload :ConditionalGet, "rack/conditionalget"
+  autoload :ContentLength, "rack/content_length"
+  autoload :File, "rack/file"
+  autoload :Deflater, "rack/deflater"
+  autoload :Directory, "rack/directory"
+  autoload :ForwardRequest, "rack/recursive"
+  autoload :Handler, "rack/handler"
+  autoload :Head, "rack/head"
+  autoload :Lint, "rack/lint"
+  autoload :Lock, "rack/lock"
+  autoload :MethodOverride, "rack/methodoverride"
+  autoload :Mime, "rack/mime"
+  autoload :Recursive, "rack/recursive"
+  autoload :Reloader, "rack/reloader"
+  autoload :ShowExceptions, "rack/showexceptions"
+  autoload :ShowStatus, "rack/showstatus"
+  autoload :Static, "rack/static"
+  autoload :URLMap, "rack/urlmap"
+  autoload :Utils, "rack/utils"
+
+  autoload :MockRequest, "rack/mock"
+  autoload :MockResponse, "rack/mock"
+
+  autoload :Request, "rack/request"
+  autoload :Response, "rack/response"
+
+  module Auth
+    autoload :Basic, "rack/auth/basic"
+    autoload :AbstractRequest, "rack/auth/abstract/request"
+    autoload :AbstractHandler, "rack/auth/abstract/handler"
+    autoload :OpenID, "rack/auth/openid"
+    module Digest
+      autoload :MD5, "rack/auth/digest/md5"
+      autoload :Nonce, "rack/auth/digest/nonce"
+      autoload :Params, "rack/auth/digest/params"
+      autoload :Request, "rack/auth/digest/request"
+    end
+  end
+
+  module Session
+    autoload :Cookie, "rack/session/cookie"
+    autoload :Pool, "rack/session/pool"
+    autoload :Memcache, "rack/session/memcache"
+  end
+
+  # *Adapters* connect Rack with third party web frameworks.
+  #
+  # Rack includes an adapter for Camping, see README for other
+  # frameworks supporting Rack in their code bases.
+  #
+  # Refer to the submodules for framework-specific calling details.
+
+  module Adapter
+    autoload :Camping, "rack/adapter/camping"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/adapter/camping.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/adapter/camping.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63bc787f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/adapter/camping.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module Rack
+  module Adapter
+    class Camping
+      def initialize(app)
+        @app = app
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        env["PATH_INFO"] ||= ""
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] ||= ""
+        controller = @app.run(env['rack.input'], env)
+        h = controller.headers
+        h.each_pair do |k,v|
+          if v.kind_of? URI
+            h[k] = v.to_s
+          end
+        end
+        [controller.status, controller.headers, [controller.body.to_s]]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/handler.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/handler.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8489c9b9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/handler.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    # Rack::Auth::AbstractHandler implements common authentication functionality.
+    #
+    # +realm+ should be set for all handlers.
+
+    class AbstractHandler
+
+      attr_accessor :realm
+
+      def initialize(app, &authenticator)
+        @app, @authenticator = app, authenticator
+      end
+
+
+      private
+
+      def unauthorized(www_authenticate = challenge)
+        return [ 401,
+          { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain',
+            'Content-Length' => '0',
+            'WWW-Authenticate' => www_authenticate.to_s },
+          []
+        ]
+      end
+
+      def bad_request
+        return [ 400,
+          { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain',
+            'Content-Length' => '0' },
+          []
+        ]
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/request.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d9ccec685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/abstract/request.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    class AbstractRequest
+
+      def initialize(env)
+        @env = env
+      end
+
+      def provided?
+        !authorization_key.nil?
+      end
+
+      def parts
+        @parts ||= @env[authorization_key].split(' ', 2)
+      end
+
+      def scheme
+        @scheme ||= parts.first.downcase.to_sym
+      end
+
+      def params
+        @params ||= parts.last
+      end
+
+
+      private
+
+      AUTHORIZATION_KEYS = ['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', 'X-HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', 'X_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']
+
+      def authorization_key
+        @authorization_key ||= AUTHORIZATION_KEYS.detect { |key| @env.has_key?(key) }
+      end
+
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/basic.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/basic.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9557224648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/basic.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+require 'rack/auth/abstract/handler'
+require 'rack/auth/abstract/request'
+
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    # Rack::Auth::Basic implements HTTP Basic Authentication, as per RFC 2617.
+    #
+    # Initialize with the Rack application that you want protecting,
+    # and a block that checks if a username and password pair are valid.
+    #
+    # See also: <tt>example/protectedlobster.rb</tt>
+
+    class Basic < AbstractHandler
+
+      def call(env)
+        auth = Basic::Request.new(env)
+
+        return unauthorized unless auth.provided?
+
+        return bad_request unless auth.basic?
+
+        if valid?(auth)
+          env['REMOTE_USER'] = auth.username
+
+          return @app.call(env)
+        end
+
+        unauthorized
+      end
+
+
+      private
+
+      def challenge
+        'Basic realm="%s"' % realm
+      end
+
+      def valid?(auth)
+        @authenticator.call(*auth.credentials)
+      end
+
+      class Request < Auth::AbstractRequest
+        def basic?
+          :basic == scheme
+        end
+
+        def credentials
+          @credentials ||= params.unpack("m*").first.split(/:/, 2)
+        end
+
+        def username
+          credentials.first
+        end
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/md5.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/md5.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d2bd29c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/md5.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+require 'rack/auth/abstract/handler'
+require 'rack/auth/digest/request'
+require 'rack/auth/digest/params'
+require 'rack/auth/digest/nonce'
+require 'digest/md5'
+
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    module Digest
+      # Rack::Auth::Digest::MD5 implements the MD5 algorithm version of
+      # HTTP Digest Authentication, as per RFC 2617.
+      #
+      # Initialize with the [Rack] application that you want protecting,
+      # and a block that looks up a plaintext password for a given username.
+      #
+      # +opaque+ needs to be set to a constant base64/hexadecimal string.
+      #
+      class MD5 < AbstractHandler
+
+        attr_accessor :opaque
+
+        attr_writer :passwords_hashed
+
+        def initialize(app)
+          super
+          @passwords_hashed = nil
+        end
+
+        def passwords_hashed?
+          !!@passwords_hashed
+        end
+
+        def call(env)
+          auth = Request.new(env)
+
+          unless auth.provided?
+            return unauthorized
+          end
+
+          if !auth.digest? || !auth.correct_uri? || !valid_qop?(auth)
+            return bad_request
+          end
+
+          if valid?(auth)
+            if auth.nonce.stale?
+              return unauthorized(challenge(:stale => true))
+            else
+              env['REMOTE_USER'] = auth.username
+
+              return @app.call(env)
+            end
+          end
+
+          unauthorized
+        end
+
+
+        private
+
+        QOP = 'auth'.freeze
+
+        def params(hash = {})
+          Params.new do |params|
+            params['realm'] = realm
+            params['nonce'] = Nonce.new.to_s
+            params['opaque'] = H(opaque)
+            params['qop'] = QOP
+
+            hash.each { |k, v| params[k] = v }
+          end
+        end
+
+        def challenge(hash = {})
+          "Digest #{params(hash)}"
+        end
+
+        def valid?(auth)
+          valid_opaque?(auth) && valid_nonce?(auth) && valid_digest?(auth)
+        end
+
+        def valid_qop?(auth)
+          QOP == auth.qop
+        end
+
+        def valid_opaque?(auth)
+          H(opaque) == auth.opaque
+        end
+
+        def valid_nonce?(auth)
+          auth.nonce.valid?
+        end
+
+        def valid_digest?(auth)
+          digest(auth, @authenticator.call(auth.username)) == auth.response
+        end
+
+        def md5(data)
+          ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest(data)
+        end
+
+        alias :H :md5
+
+        def KD(secret, data)
+          H([secret, data] * ':')
+        end
+
+        def A1(auth, password)
+          [ auth.username, auth.realm, password ] * ':'
+        end
+
+        def A2(auth)
+          [ auth.method, auth.uri ] * ':'
+        end
+
+        def digest(auth, password)
+          password_hash = passwords_hashed? ? password : H(A1(auth, password))
+
+          KD(password_hash, [ auth.nonce, auth.nc, auth.cnonce, QOP, H(A2(auth)) ] * ':')
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/nonce.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/nonce.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbe109f29a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/nonce.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+require 'digest/md5'
+
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    module Digest
+      # Rack::Auth::Digest::Nonce is the default nonce generator for the
+      # Rack::Auth::Digest::MD5 authentication handler.
+      #
+      # +private_key+ needs to set to a constant string.
+      #
+      # +time_limit+ can be optionally set to an integer (number of seconds),
+      # to limit the validity of the generated nonces.
+
+      class Nonce
+
+        class << self
+          attr_accessor :private_key, :time_limit
+        end
+
+        def self.parse(string)
+          new(*string.unpack("m*").first.split(' ', 2))
+        end
+
+        def initialize(timestamp = Time.now, given_digest = nil)
+          @timestamp, @given_digest = timestamp.to_i, given_digest
+        end
+
+        def to_s
+          [([ @timestamp, digest ] * ' ')].pack("m*").strip
+        end
+
+        def digest
+          ::Digest::MD5.hexdigest([ @timestamp, self.class.private_key ] * ':')
+        end
+
+        def valid?
+          digest == @given_digest
+        end
+
+        def stale?
+          !self.class.time_limit.nil? && (@timestamp - Time.now.to_i) < self.class.time_limit
+        end
+
+        def fresh?
+          !stale?
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/params.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/params.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..730e2efdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/params.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    module Digest
+      class Params < Hash
+
+        def self.parse(str)
+          split_header_value(str).inject(new) do |header, param|
+            k, v = param.split('=', 2)
+            header[k] = dequote(v)
+            header
+          end
+        end
+
+        def self.dequote(str) # From WEBrick::HTTPUtils
+          ret = (/\A"(.*)"\Z/ =~ str) ? $1 : str.dup
+          ret.gsub!(/\\(.)/, "\\1")
+          ret
+        end
+
+        def self.split_header_value(str)
+          str.scan( /(\w+\=(?:"[^\"]+"|[^,]+))/n ).collect{ |v| v[0] }
+        end
+
+        def initialize
+          super
+
+          yield self if block_given?
+        end
+
+        def [](k)
+          super k.to_s
+        end
+
+        def []=(k, v)
+          super k.to_s, v.to_s
+        end
+
+        UNQUOTED = ['qop', 'nc', 'stale']
+
+        def to_s
+          inject([]) do |parts, (k, v)|
+            parts << "#{k}=" + (UNQUOTED.include?(k) ? v.to_s : quote(v))
+            parts
+          end.join(', ')
+        end
+
+        def quote(str) # From WEBrick::HTTPUtils
+          '"' << str.gsub(/[\\\"]/o, "\\\1") << '"'
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/request.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a40f57b7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/digest/request.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+require 'rack/auth/abstract/request'
+require 'rack/auth/digest/params'
+require 'rack/auth/digest/nonce'
+
+module Rack
+  module Auth
+    module Digest
+      class Request < Auth::AbstractRequest
+
+        def method
+          @env['REQUEST_METHOD']
+        end
+
+        def digest?
+          :digest == scheme
+        end
+
+        def correct_uri?
+          (@env['SCRIPT_NAME'].to_s + @env['PATH_INFO'].to_s) == uri
+        end
+
+        def nonce
+          @nonce ||= Nonce.parse(params['nonce'])
+        end
+
+        def params
+          @params ||= Params.parse(parts.last)
+        end
+
+        def method_missing(sym)
+          if params.has_key? key = sym.to_s
+            return params[key]
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/openid.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/openid.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5f6a5143e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/auth/openid.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+# AUTHOR: blink <blinketje@gmail.com>; blink#ruby-lang@irc.freenode.net
+
+gem 'ruby-openid', '~> 2' if defined? Gem
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/auth/abstract/handler'
+require 'uri'
+require 'openid' #gem
+require 'openid/extension' #gem
+require 'openid/store/memory' #gem
+
+module Rack
+  class Request
+    def openid_request
+      @env['rack.auth.openid.request']
+    end
+
+    def openid_response
+      @env['rack.auth.openid.response']
+    end
+  end
+
+  module Auth
+
+    # Rack::Auth::OpenID provides a simple method for setting up an OpenID
+    # Consumer. It requires the ruby-openid library from janrain to operate,
+    # as well as a rack method of session management.
+    #
+    # The ruby-openid home page is at http://openidenabled.com/ruby-openid/.
+    #
+    # The OpenID specifications can be found at
+    # http://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-1_1.html
+    # and
+    # http://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-2_0.html. Documentation
+    # for published OpenID extensions and related topics can be found at
+    # http://openid.net/developers/specs/.
+    #
+    # It is recommended to read through the OpenID spec, as well as
+    # ruby-openid's documentation, to understand what exactly goes on. However
+    # a setup as simple as the presented examples is enough to provide
+    # Consumer functionality.
+    #
+    # This library strongly intends to utilize the OpenID 2.0 features of the
+    # ruby-openid library, which provides OpenID 1.0 compatiblity.
+    #
+    # NOTE: Due to the amount of data that this library stores in the
+    # session, Rack::Session::Cookie may fault.
+
+    class OpenID
+
+      class NoSession < RuntimeError; end
+      class BadExtension < RuntimeError; end
+      # Required for ruby-openid
+      ValidStatus = [:success, :setup_needed, :cancel, :failure]
+
+      # = Arguments
+      #
+      # The first argument is the realm, identifying the site they are trusting
+      # with their identity. This is required, also treated as the trust_root
+      # in OpenID 1.x exchanges.
+      #
+      # The optional second argument is a hash of options.
+      #
+      # == Options
+      #
+      # <tt>:return_to</tt> defines the url to return to after the client
+      # authenticates with the openid service provider. This url should point
+      # to where Rack::Auth::OpenID is mounted. If <tt>:return_to</tt> is not
+      # provided, return_to will be the current url which allows flexibility
+      # with caveats.
+      #
+      # <tt>:session_key</tt> defines the key to the session hash in the env.
+      # It defaults to 'rack.session'.
+      #
+      # <tt>:openid_param</tt> defines at what key in the request parameters to
+      # find the identifier to resolve. As per the 2.0 spec, the default is
+      # 'openid_identifier'.
+      #
+      # <tt>:store</tt> defined what OpenID Store to use for persistant
+      # information. By default a Store::Memory will be used.
+      #
+      # <tt>:immediate</tt> as true will make initial requests to be of an
+      # immediate type. This is false by default. See OpenID specification
+      # documentation.
+      #
+      # <tt>:extensions</tt> should be a hash of openid extension
+      # implementations. The key should be the extension main module, the value
+      # should be an array of arguments for extension::Request.new.
+      # The hash is iterated over and passed to #add_extension for processing.
+      # Please see #add_extension for further documentation.
+      #
+      # == Examples
+      #
+      #   simple_oid = OpenID.new('http://mysite.com/')
+      #
+      #   return_oid = OpenID.new('http://mysite.com/', {
+      #     :return_to => 'http://mysite.com/openid'
+      #   })
+      #
+      #   complex_oid = OpenID.new('http://mysite.com/',
+      #     :immediate => true,
+      #     :extensions => {
+      #       ::OpenID::SReg => [['email'],['nickname']]
+      #     }
+      #   )
+      #
+      # = Advanced
+      #
+      # Most of the functionality of this library is encapsulated such that
+      # expansion and overriding functions isn't difficult nor tricky.
+      # Alternately, to avoid opening up singleton objects or subclassing, a
+      # wrapper rack middleware can be composed to act upon Auth::OpenID's
+      # responses. See #check and #finish for locations of pertinent data.
+      #
+      # == Responses
+      #
+      # To change the responses that Auth::OpenID returns, override the methods
+      # #redirect, #bad_request, #unauthorized, #access_denied, and
+      # #foreign_server_failure.
+      #
+      # Additionally #confirm_post_params is used when the URI would exceed
+      # length limits on a GET request when doing the initial verification
+      # request.
+      #
+      # == Processing
+      #
+      # To change methods of processing completed transactions, override the
+      # methods #success, #setup_needed, #cancel, and #failure. Please ensure
+      # the returned object is a rack compatible response.
+      #
+      # The first argument is an OpenID::Response, the second is a
+      # Rack::Request of the current request, the last is the hash used in
+      # ruby-openid handling, which can be found manually at
+      # env['rack.session'][:openid].
+      #
+      # This is useful if you wanted to expand the processing done, such as
+      # setting up user accounts.
+      #
+      #   oid_app = Rack::Auth::OpenID.new realm, :return_to => return_to
+      #   def oid_app.success oid, request, session
+      #     user = Models::User[oid.identity_url]
+      #     user ||= Models::User.create_from_openid oid
+      #     request['rack.session'][:user] = user.id
+      #     redirect MyApp.site_home
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   site_map['/openid'] = oid_app
+      #   map = Rack::URLMap.new site_map
+      #   ...
+
+      def initialize(realm, options={})
+        realm = URI(realm)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid realm: #{realm}" \
+          unless realm.absolute? \
+          and realm.fragment.nil? \
+          and realm.scheme =~ /^https?$/ \
+          and realm.host =~ /^(\*\.)?#{URI::REGEXP::PATTERN::URIC_NO_SLASH}+/
+        realm.path = '/' if realm.path.empty?
+        @realm = realm.to_s
+
+        if ruri = options[:return_to]
+          ruri = URI(ruri)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Invalid return_to: #{ruri}" \
+            unless ruri.absolute? \
+            and ruri.scheme  =~ /^https?$/ \
+            and ruri.fragment.nil?
+          raise ArgumentError, "return_to #{ruri} not within realm #{realm}" \
+            unless self.within_realm?(ruri)
+          @return_to = ruri.to_s
+        end
+
+        @session_key  = options[:session_key]   || 'rack.session'
+        @openid_param = options[:openid_param]  || 'openid_identifier'
+        @store        = options[:store]         || ::OpenID::Store::Memory.new
+        @immediate    = !!options[:immediate]
+
+        @extensions = {}
+        if extensions = options.delete(:extensions)
+          extensions.each do |ext, args|
+            add_extension ext, *args
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Undocumented, semi-experimental
+        @anonymous    = !!options[:anonymous]
+      end
+
+      attr_reader :realm, :return_to, :session_key, :openid_param, :store,
+        :immediate, :extensions
+
+      # Sets up and uses session data at <tt>:openid</tt> within the session.
+      # Errors in this setup will raise a NoSession exception.
+      #
+      # If the parameter 'openid.mode' is set, which implies a followup from
+      # the openid server, processing is passed to #finish and the result is
+      # returned. However, if there is no appropriate openid information in the
+      # session, a 400 error is returned.
+      #
+      # If the parameter specified by <tt>options[:openid_param]</tt> is
+      # present, processing is passed to #check and the result is returned.
+      #
+      # If neither of these conditions are met, #unauthorized is called.
+
+      def call(env)
+        env['rack.auth.openid'] = self
+        env_session = env[@session_key]
+        unless env_session and env_session.is_a?(Hash)
+          raise NoSession, 'No compatible session'
+        end
+        # let us work in our own namespace...
+        session = (env_session[:openid] ||= {})
+        unless session and session.is_a?(Hash)
+          raise NoSession, 'Incompatible openid session'
+        end
+
+        request = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        consumer = ::OpenID::Consumer.new(session, @store)
+
+        if mode = request.GET['openid.mode']
+          if session.key?(:openid_param)
+            finish(consumer, session, request)
+          else
+            bad_request
+          end
+        elsif request.GET[@openid_param]
+          check(consumer, session, request)
+        else
+          unauthorized
+        end
+      end
+
+      # As the first part of OpenID consumer action, #check retrieves the data
+      # required for completion.
+      #
+      # If all parameters fit within the max length of a URI, a 303 redirect
+      # will be returned. Otherwise #confirm_post_params will be called.
+      #
+      # Any messages from OpenID's request are logged to env['rack.errors']
+      #
+      # <tt>env['rack.auth.openid.request']</tt> is the openid checkid request
+      # instance.
+      #
+      # <tt>session[:openid_param]</tt> is set to the openid identifier
+      # provided by the user.
+      #
+      # <tt>session[:return_to]</tt> is set to the return_to uri given to the
+      # identity provider.
+
+      def check(consumer, session, req)
+        oid = consumer.begin(req.GET[@openid_param], @anonymous)
+        req.env['rack.auth.openid.request'] = oid
+        req.env['rack.errors'].puts(oid.message)
+        p oid if $DEBUG
+
+        ## Extension support
+        extensions.each do |ext,args|
+          oid.add_extension(ext::Request.new(*args))
+        end
+
+        session[:openid_param] = req.GET[openid_param]
+        return_to_uri = return_to ? return_to : req.url
+        session[:return_to] = return_to_uri
+        immediate = session.key?(:setup_needed) ? false : immediate
+
+        if oid.send_redirect?(realm, return_to_uri, immediate)
+          uri = oid.redirect_url(realm, return_to_uri, immediate)
+          redirect(uri)
+        else
+          confirm_post_params(oid, realm, return_to_uri, immediate)
+        end
+      rescue ::OpenID::DiscoveryFailure => e
+        # thrown from inside OpenID::Consumer#begin by yadis stuff
+        req.env['rack.errors'].puts([e.message, *e.backtrace]*"\n")
+        return foreign_server_failure
+      end
+
+      # This is the final portion of authentication.
+      # If successful, a redirect to the realm is be returned.
+      # Data gathered from extensions are stored in session[:openid] with the
+      # extension's namespace uri as the key.
+      #
+      # Any messages from OpenID's response are logged to env['rack.errors']
+      #
+      # <tt>env['rack.auth.openid.response']</tt> will contain the openid
+      # response.
+
+      def finish(consumer, session, req)
+        oid = consumer.complete(req.GET, req.url)
+        req.env['rack.auth.openid.response'] = oid
+        req.env['rack.errors'].puts(oid.message)
+        p oid if $DEBUG
+
+        raise unless ValidStatus.include?(oid.status)
+        __send__(oid.status, oid, req, session)
+      end
+
+      # The first argument should be the main extension module.
+      # The extension module should contain the constants:
+      #   * class Request, should have OpenID::Extension as an ancestor
+      #   * class Response, should have OpenID::Extension as an ancestor
+      #   * string NS_URI, which defining the namespace of the extension
+      #
+      # All trailing arguments will be passed to extension::Request.new in
+      # #check.
+      # The openid response will be passed to
+      # extension::Response#from_success_response, #get_extension_args will be
+      # called on the result to attain the gathered data.
+      #
+      # This method returns the key at which the response data will be found in
+      # the session, which is the namespace uri by default.
+
+      def add_extension(ext, *args)
+        raise BadExtension unless valid_extension?(ext)
+        extensions[ext] = args
+        return ext::NS_URI
+      end
+
+      # Checks the validitity, in the context of usage, of a submitted
+      # extension.
+
+      def valid_extension?(ext)
+        if not %w[NS_URI Request Response].all?{|c| ext.const_defined?(c) }
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Extension is missing constants.'
+        elsif not ext::Response.respond_to?(:from_success_response)
+          raise ArgumentError, 'Response is missing required method.'
+        end
+        return true
+      rescue
+        return false
+      end
+
+      # Checks the provided uri to ensure it'd be considered within the realm.
+      # is currently not compatible with wildcard realms.
+
+      def within_realm? uri
+        uri = URI.parse(uri.to_s)
+        realm = URI.parse(self.realm)
+        return false unless uri.absolute?
+        return false unless uri.path[0, realm.path.size] == realm.path
+        return false unless uri.host == realm.host or realm.host[/^\*\./]
+        # for wildcard support, is awkward with URI limitations
+        realm_match = Regexp.escape(realm.host).
+          sub(/^\*\./,"^#{URI::REGEXP::PATTERN::URIC_NO_SLASH}+.")+'$'
+        return false unless uri.host.match(realm_match)
+        return true
+      end
+      alias_method :include?, :within_realm?
+
+      protected
+
+      ### These methods define some of the boilerplate responses.
+
+      # Returns an html form page for posting to an Identity Provider if the
+      # GET request would exceed the upper URI length limit.
+
+      def confirm_post_params(oid, realm, return_to, immediate)
+        Rack::Response.new.finish do |r|
+          r.write '<html><head><title>Confirm...</title></head><body>'
+          r.write oid.form_markup(realm, return_to, immediate)
+          r.write '</body></html>'
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns a 303 redirect with the destination of that provided by the
+      # argument.
+
+      def redirect(uri)
+        [ 303, {'Content-Length'=>'0', 'Content-Type'=>'text/plain',
+          'Location' => uri},
+          [] ]
+      end
+
+      # Returns an empty 400 response.
+
+      def bad_request
+        [ 400, {'Content-Type'=>'text/plain', 'Content-Length'=>'0'},
+          [''] ]
+      end
+
+      # Returns a basic unauthorized 401 response.
+
+      def unauthorized
+        [ 401, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain', 'Content-Length' => '13'},
+          ['Unauthorized.'] ]
+      end
+
+      # Returns a basic access denied 403 response.
+
+      def access_denied
+        [ 403, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain', 'Content-Length' => '14'},
+          ['Access denied.'] ]
+      end
+
+      # Returns a 503 response to be used if communication with the remote
+      # OpenID server fails.
+
+      def foreign_server_failure
+        [ 503, {'Content-Type'=>'text/plain', 'Content-Length' => '23'},
+          ['Foreign server failure.'] ]
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      ### These methods are called after a transaction is completed, depending
+      # on its outcome. These should all return a rack compatible response.
+      # You'd want to override these to provide additional functionality.
+
+      # Called to complete processing on a successful transaction.
+      # Within the openid session, :openid_identity and :openid_identifier are
+      # set to the user friendly and the standard representation of the
+      # validated identity. All other data in the openid session is cleared.
+
+      def success(oid, request, session)
+        session.clear
+        session[:openid_identity]   = oid.display_identifier
+        session[:openid_identifier] = oid.identity_url
+        extensions.keys.each do |ext|
+          label     = ext.name[/[^:]+$/].downcase
+          response  = ext::Response.from_success_response(oid)
+          session[label] = response.data
+        end
+        redirect(realm)
+      end
+
+      # Called if the Identity Provider indicates further setup by the user is
+      # required.
+      # The identifier is retrived from the openid session at :openid_param.
+      # And :setup_needed is set to true to prevent looping.
+
+      def setup_needed(oid, request, session)
+        identifier = session[:openid_param]
+        session[:setup_needed] = true
+        redirect req.script_name + '?' + openid_param + '=' + identifier
+      end
+
+      # Called if the user indicates they wish to cancel identification.
+      # Data within openid session is cleared.
+
+      def cancel(oid, request, session)
+        session.clear
+        access_denied
+      end
+
+      # Called if the Identity Provider indicates the user is unable to confirm
+      # their identity. Data within the openid session is left alone, in case
+      # of swarm auth attacks.
+
+      def failure(oid, request, session)
+        unauthorized
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A class developed out of the request to use OpenID as an authentication
+    # middleware. The request will be sent to the OpenID instance unless the
+    # block evaluates to true. For example in rackup, you can use it as such:
+    #
+    #   use Rack::Session::Pool
+    #   use Rack::Auth::OpenIDAuth, realm, openid_options do |env|
+    #     env['rack.session'][:authkey] == a_string
+    #   end
+    #   run RackApp
+    #
+    # Or simply:
+    #
+    #   app = Rack::Auth::OpenIDAuth.new app, realm, openid_options, &auth
+
+    class OpenIDAuth < Rack::Auth::AbstractHandler
+      attr_reader :oid
+      def initialize(app, realm, options={}, &auth)
+        @oid = OpenID.new(realm, options)
+        super(app, &auth)
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        to = auth.call(env) ? @app : @oid
+        to.call env
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/builder.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/builder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25994d5a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/builder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Builder implements a small DSL to iteratively construct Rack
+  # applications.
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #  app = Rack::Builder.new {
+  #    use Rack::CommonLogger
+  #    use Rack::ShowExceptions
+  #    map "/lobster" do
+  #      use Rack::Lint
+  #      run Rack::Lobster.new
+  #    end
+  #  }
+  #
+  # Or
+  #
+  #  app = Rack::Builder.app do
+  #    use Rack::CommonLogger
+  #    lambda { |env| [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'OK'] }
+  #  end
+  #
+  # +use+ adds a middleware to the stack, +run+ dispatches to an application.
+  # You can use +map+ to construct a Rack::URLMap in a convenient way.
+
+  class Builder
+    def initialize(&block)
+      @ins = []
+      instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
+    end
+
+    def self.app(&block)
+      self.new(&block).to_app
+    end
+
+    def use(middleware, *args, &block)
+      @ins << if block_given?
+        lambda { |app| middleware.new(app, *args, &block) }
+      else
+        lambda { |app| middleware.new(app, *args) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def run(app)
+      @ins << app #lambda { |nothing| app }
+    end
+
+    def map(path, &block)
+      if @ins.last.kind_of? Hash
+        @ins.last[path] = self.class.new(&block).to_app
+      else
+        @ins << {}
+        map(path, &block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_app
+      @ins[-1] = Rack::URLMap.new(@ins.last)  if Hash === @ins.last
+      inner_app = @ins.last
+      @ins[0...-1].reverse.inject(inner_app) { |a, e| e.call(a) }
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      to_app.call(env)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/cascade.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/cascade.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a038aa1105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/cascade.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Cascade tries an request on several apps, and returns the
+  # first response that is not 404 (or in a list of configurable
+  # status codes).
+
+  class Cascade
+    attr_reader :apps
+
+    def initialize(apps, catch=404)
+      @apps = apps
+      @catch = [*catch]
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      status = headers = body = nil
+      raise ArgumentError, "empty cascade"  if @apps.empty?
+      @apps.each { |app|
+        begin
+          status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+          break  unless @catch.include?(status.to_i)
+        end
+      }
+      [status, headers, body]
+    end
+
+    def add app
+      @apps << app
+    end
+
+    def include? app
+      @apps.include? app
+    end
+
+    alias_method :<<, :add
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/commonlogger.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/commonlogger.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e68ac626d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/commonlogger.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::CommonLogger forwards every request to an +app+ given, and
+  # logs a line in the Apache common log format to the +logger+, or
+  # rack.errors by default.
+
+  class CommonLogger
+    def initialize(app, logger=nil)
+      @app = app
+      @logger = logger
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      dup._call(env)
+    end
+
+    def _call(env)
+      @env = env
+      @logger ||= self
+      @time = Time.now
+      @status, @header, @body = @app.call(env)
+      [@status, @header, self]
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @body.close if @body.respond_to? :close
+    end
+
+    # By default, log to rack.errors.
+    def <<(str)
+      @env["rack.errors"].write(str)
+      @env["rack.errors"].flush
+    end
+
+    def each
+      length = 0
+      @body.each { |part|
+        length += part.size
+        yield part
+      }
+
+      @now = Time.now
+
+      # Common Log Format: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/logs.html#common
+      # lilith.local - - [07/Aug/2006 23:58:02] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 -
+      #             %{%s - %s [%s] "%s %s%s %s" %d %s\n} %
+      @logger << %{%s - %s [%s] "%s %s%s %s" %d %s %0.4f\n} %
+        [
+         @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] || @env["REMOTE_ADDR"] || "-",
+         @env["REMOTE_USER"] || "-",
+         @now.strftime("%d/%b/%Y %H:%M:%S"),
+         @env["REQUEST_METHOD"],
+         @env["PATH_INFO"],
+         @env["QUERY_STRING"].empty? ? "" : "?"+@env["QUERY_STRING"],
+         @env["HTTP_VERSION"],
+         @status.to_s[0..3],
+         (length.zero? ? "-" : length.to_s),
+         @now - @time
+        ]
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/conditionalget.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/conditionalget.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bec824181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/conditionalget.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+
+  # Middleware that enables conditional GET using If-None-Match and
+  # If-Modified-Since. The application should set either or both of the
+  # Last-Modified or Etag response headers according to RFC 2616. When
+  # either of the conditions is met, the response body is set to be zero
+  # length and the response status is set to 304 Not Modified.
+  #
+  # Applications that defer response body generation until the body's each
+  # message is received will avoid response body generation completely when
+  # a conditional GET matches.
+  #
+  # Adapted from Michael Klishin's Merb implementation:
+  # http://github.com/wycats/merb-core/tree/master/lib/merb-core/rack/middleware/conditional_get.rb
+  class ConditionalGet
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      return @app.call(env) unless %w[GET HEAD].include?(env['REQUEST_METHOD'])
+
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+      if etag_matches?(env, headers) || modified_since?(env, headers)
+        status = 304
+        body = []
+      end
+      [status, headers, body]
+    end
+
+  private
+    def etag_matches?(env, headers)
+      etag = headers['Etag'] and etag == env['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']
+    end
+
+    def modified_since?(env, headers)
+      last_modified = headers['Last-Modified'] and
+        last_modified == env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/content_length.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/content_length.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bce22a32c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/content_length.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Sets the Content-Length header on responses with fixed-length bodies.
+  class ContentLength
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+
+      if !Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include?(status) &&
+         !headers['Content-Length'] &&
+         !headers['Transfer-Encoding'] &&
+         (body.respond_to?(:to_ary) || body.respond_to?(:to_str))
+
+        body = [body] if body.respond_to?(:to_str) # rack 0.4 compat
+        length = body.to_ary.inject(0) { |len, part| len + part.length }
+        headers['Content-Length'] = length.to_s
+      end
+
+      [status, headers, body]
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/deflater.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/deflater.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e66680092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/deflater.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+require "zlib"
+require "stringio"
+require "time"  # for Time.httpdate
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  class Deflater
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+
+      # Skip compressing empty entity body responses and responses with
+      # no-transform set.
+      if Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include?(status) ||
+          headers['Cache-Control'].to_s =~ /\bno-transform\b/
+        return [status, headers, body]
+      end
+
+      request = Request.new(env)
+
+      encoding = Utils.select_best_encoding(%w(gzip deflate identity),
+                                            request.accept_encoding)
+
+      # Set the Vary HTTP header.
+      vary = headers["Vary"].to_s.split(",").map { |v| v.strip }
+      unless vary.include?("*") || vary.include?("Accept-Encoding")
+        headers["Vary"] = vary.push("Accept-Encoding").join(",")
+      end
+
+      case encoding
+      when "gzip"
+        mtime = headers.key?("Last-Modified") ?
+          Time.httpdate(headers["Last-Modified"]) : Time.now
+        body = self.class.gzip(body, mtime)
+        size = body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size
+        headers = headers.merge("Content-Encoding" => "gzip", "Content-Length" => size.to_s)
+        [status, headers, [body]]
+      when "deflate"
+        body = self.class.deflate(body)
+        size = body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size
+        headers = headers.merge("Content-Encoding" => "deflate", "Content-Length" => size.to_s)
+        [status, headers, [body]]
+      when "identity"
+        [status, headers, body]
+      when nil
+        message = "An acceptable encoding for the requested resource #{request.fullpath} could not be found."
+        [406, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain", "Content-Length" => message.length.to_s}, [message]]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.gzip(body, mtime)
+      io = StringIO.new
+      gzip = Zlib::GzipWriter.new(io)
+      gzip.mtime = mtime
+
+      # TODO: Add streaming
+      body.each { |part| gzip << part }
+
+      gzip.close
+      return io.string
+    end
+
+    DEFLATE_ARGS = [
+      Zlib::DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,
+      # drop the zlib header which causes both Safari and IE to choke
+     -Zlib::MAX_WBITS,
+      Zlib::DEF_MEM_LEVEL,
+      Zlib::DEFAULT_STRATEGY
+    ]
+
+    # Loosely based on Mongrel's Deflate handler
+    def self.deflate(body)
+      deflater = Zlib::Deflate.new(*DEFLATE_ARGS)
+
+      # TODO: Add streaming
+      body.each { |part| deflater << part }
+
+      return deflater.finish
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/directory.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/directory.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56ee5e7b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/directory.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+require 'time'
+require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/mime'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Directory serves entries below the +root+ given, according to the
+  # path info of the Rack request. If a directory is found, the file's contents
+  # will be presented in an html based index. If a file is found, the env will
+  # be passed to the specified +app+.
+  #
+  # If +app+ is not specified, a Rack::File of the same +root+ will be used.
+
+  class Directory
+    DIR_FILE = "<tr><td class='name'><a href='%s'>%s</a></td><td class='size'>%s</td><td class='type'>%s</td><td class='mtime'>%s</td></tr>"
+    DIR_PAGE = <<-PAGE
+<html><head>
+  <title>%s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <style type='text/css'>
+table { width:100%%; }
+.name { text-align:left; }
+.size, .mtime { text-align:right; }
+.type { width:11em; }
+.mtime { width:15em; }
+  </style>
+</head><body>
+<h1>%s</h1>
+<hr />
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th class='name'>Name</th>
+    <th class='size'>Size</th>
+    <th class='type'>Type</th>
+    <th class='mtime'>Last Modified</th>
+  </tr>
+%s
+</table>
+<hr />
+</body></html>
+    PAGE
+
+    attr_reader :files
+    attr_accessor :root, :path
+
+    def initialize(root, app=nil)
+      @root = F.expand_path(root)
+      @app = app || Rack::File.new(@root)
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      dup._call(env)
+    end
+
+    F = ::File
+
+    def _call(env)
+      @env = env
+      @script_name = env['SCRIPT_NAME']
+      @path_info = Utils.unescape(env['PATH_INFO'])
+
+      if forbidden = check_forbidden
+        forbidden
+      else
+        @path = F.join(@root, @path_info)
+        list_path
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_forbidden
+      return unless @path_info.include? ".."
+
+      body = "Forbidden\n"
+      size = body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size
+      return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain","Content-Length" => size.to_s}, [body]]
+    end
+
+    def list_directory
+      @files = [['../','Parent Directory','','','']]
+      glob = F.join(@path, '*')
+
+      Dir[glob].sort.each do |node|
+        stat = stat(node)
+        next  unless stat
+        basename = F.basename(node)
+        ext = F.extname(node)
+
+        url = F.join(@script_name, @path_info, basename)
+        size = stat.size
+        type = stat.directory? ? 'directory' : Mime.mime_type(ext)
+        size = stat.directory? ? '-' : filesize_format(size)
+        mtime = stat.mtime.httpdate
+
+        @files << [ url, basename, size, type, mtime ]
+      end
+
+      return [ 200, {'Content-Type'=>'text/html; charset=utf-8'}, self ]
+    end
+
+    def stat(node, max = 10)
+      F.stat(node)
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ELOOP
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    # TODO: add correct response if not readable, not sure if 404 is the best
+    #       option
+    def list_path
+      @stat = F.stat(@path)
+
+      if @stat.readable?
+        return @app.call(@env) if @stat.file?
+        return list_directory if @stat.directory?
+      else
+        raise Errno::ENOENT, 'No such file or directory'
+      end
+
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ELOOP
+      return entity_not_found
+    end
+
+    def entity_not_found
+      body = "Entity not found: #{@path_info}\n"
+      size = body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size
+      return [404, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain", "Content-Length" => size.to_s}, [body]]
+    end
+
+    def each
+      show_path = @path.sub(/^#{@root}/,'')
+      files = @files.map{|f| DIR_FILE % f }*"\n"
+      page  = DIR_PAGE % [ show_path, show_path , files ]
+      page.each_line{|l| yield l }
+    end
+
+    # Stolen from Ramaze
+
+    FILESIZE_FORMAT = [
+      ['%.1fT', 1 << 40],
+      ['%.1fG', 1 << 30],
+      ['%.1fM', 1 << 20],
+      ['%.1fK', 1 << 10],
+    ]
+
+    def filesize_format(int)
+      FILESIZE_FORMAT.each do |format, size|
+        return format % (int.to_f / size) if int >= size
+      end
+
+      int.to_s + 'B'
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/file.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/file.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7869227a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/file.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+require 'time'
+require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/mime'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::File serves files below the +root+ given, according to the
+  # path info of the Rack request.
+  #
+  # Handlers can detect if bodies are a Rack::File, and use mechanisms
+  # like sendfile on the +path+.
+
+  class File
+    attr_accessor :root
+    attr_accessor :path
+
+    alias :to_path :path
+
+    def initialize(root)
+      @root = root
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      dup._call(env)
+    end
+
+    F = ::File
+
+    def _call(env)
+      @path_info = Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"])
+      return forbidden  if @path_info.include? ".."
+
+      @path = F.join(@root, @path_info)
+
+      begin
+        if F.file?(@path) && F.readable?(@path)
+          serving
+        else
+          raise Errno::EPERM
+        end
+      rescue SystemCallError
+        not_found
+      end
+    end
+
+    def forbidden
+      body = "Forbidden\n"
+      [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain",
+             "Content-Length" => body.size.to_s},
+       [body]]
+    end
+
+    # NOTE:
+    #   We check via File::size? whether this file provides size info
+    #   via stat (e.g. /proc files often don't), otherwise we have to
+    #   figure it out by reading the whole file into memory. And while
+    #   we're at it we also use this as body then.
+
+    def serving
+      if size = F.size?(@path)
+        body = self
+      else
+        body = [F.read(@path)]
+        size = body.first.size
+      end
+
+      [200, {
+        "Last-Modified"  => F.mtime(@path).httpdate,
+        "Content-Type"   => Mime.mime_type(F.extname(@path), 'text/plain'),
+        "Content-Length" => size.to_s
+      }, body]
+    end
+
+    def not_found
+      body = "File not found: #{@path_info}\n"
+      [404, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain",
+         "Content-Length" => body.size.to_s},
+       [body]]
+    end
+
+    def each
+      F.open(@path, "rb") { |file|
+        while part = file.read(8192)
+          yield part
+        end
+      }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1018af64c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+module Rack
+  # *Handlers* connect web servers with Rack.
+  #
+  # Rack includes Handlers for Mongrel, WEBrick, FastCGI, CGI, SCGI
+  # and LiteSpeed.
+  #
+  # Handlers usually are activated by calling <tt>MyHandler.run(myapp)</tt>.
+  # A second optional hash can be passed to include server-specific
+  # configuration.
+  module Handler
+    def self.get(server)
+      return unless server
+
+      if klass = @handlers[server]
+        obj = Object
+        klass.split("::").each { |x| obj = obj.const_get(x) }
+        obj
+      else
+        Rack::Handler.const_get(server.capitalize)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.register(server, klass)
+      @handlers ||= {}
+      @handlers[server] = klass
+    end
+
+    autoload :CGI, "rack/handler/cgi"
+    autoload :FastCGI, "rack/handler/fastcgi"
+    autoload :Mongrel, "rack/handler/mongrel"
+    autoload :EventedMongrel, "rack/handler/evented_mongrel"
+    autoload :SwiftipliedMongrel, "rack/handler/swiftiplied_mongrel"
+    autoload :WEBrick, "rack/handler/webrick"
+    autoload :LSWS, "rack/handler/lsws"
+    autoload :SCGI, "rack/handler/scgi"
+    autoload :Thin, "rack/handler/thin"
+
+    register 'cgi', 'Rack::Handler::CGI'
+    register 'fastcgi', 'Rack::Handler::FastCGI'
+    register 'mongrel', 'Rack::Handler::Mongrel'
+    register 'emongrel', 'Rack::Handler::EventedMongrel'
+    register 'smongrel', 'Rack::Handler::SwiftipliedMongrel'
+    register 'webrick', 'Rack::Handler::WEBrick'
+    register 'lsws', 'Rack::Handler::LSWS'
+    register 'scgi', 'Rack::Handler::SCGI'
+    register 'thin', 'Rack::Handler::Thin'
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/cgi.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/cgi.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2c976cf46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/cgi.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class CGI
+      def self.run(app, options=nil)
+        serve app
+      end
+
+      def self.serve(app)
+        env = ENV.to_hash
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH"
+
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = ""  if env["SCRIPT_NAME"] == "/"
+
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => $stdin,
+                     "rack.errors" => $stderr,
+
+                     "rack.multithread" => false,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => true,
+                     "rack.run_once" => true,
+
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => ["yes", "on", "1"].include?(ENV["HTTPS"]) ? "https" : "http"
+                   })
+
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env["HTTP_VERSION"] ||= env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
+        env["REQUEST_PATH"] ||= "/"
+
+        status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+        begin
+          send_headers status, headers
+          send_body body
+        ensure
+          body.close  if body.respond_to? :close
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.send_headers(status, headers)
+        STDOUT.print "Status: #{status}\r\n"
+        headers.each { |k, vs|
+          vs.split("\n").each { |v|
+            STDOUT.print "#{k}: #{v}\r\n"
+          }
+        }
+        STDOUT.print "\r\n"
+        STDOUT.flush
+      end
+
+      def self.send_body(body)
+        body.each { |part|
+          STDOUT.print part
+          STDOUT.flush
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/evented_mongrel.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/evented_mongrel.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f5cbf7293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/evented_mongrel.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require 'swiftcore/evented_mongrel'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class EventedMongrel < Handler::Mongrel
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/fastcgi.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/fastcgi.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f03e1615c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/fastcgi.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+require 'fcgi'
+require 'socket'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class FastCGI
+      def self.run(app, options={})
+        file = options[:File] and STDIN.reopen(UNIXServer.new(file))
+        port = options[:Port] and STDIN.reopen(TCPServer.new(port))
+        FCGI.each { |request|
+          serve request, app
+        }
+      end
+
+      module ProperStream       # :nodoc:
+        def each                # This is missing by default.
+          while line = gets
+            yield line
+          end
+        end
+
+        def read(*args)
+          if args.empty?
+            super || ""           # Empty string on EOF.
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.serve(request, app)
+        env = request.env
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH"
+
+        request.in.extend ProperStream
+
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = ""  if env["SCRIPT_NAME"] == "/"
+
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => request.in,
+                     "rack.errors" => request.err,
+
+                     "rack.multithread" => false,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => true,
+                     "rack.run_once" => false,
+
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => ["yes", "on", "1"].include?(env["HTTPS"]) ? "https" : "http"
+                   })
+
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env["HTTP_VERSION"] ||= env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
+        env["REQUEST_PATH"] ||= "/"
+        env.delete "PATH_INFO"  if env["PATH_INFO"] == ""
+        env.delete "CONTENT_TYPE"  if env["CONTENT_TYPE"] == ""
+        env.delete "CONTENT_LENGTH"  if env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] == ""
+
+        status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+        begin
+          send_headers request.out, status, headers
+          send_body request.out, body
+        ensure
+          body.close  if body.respond_to? :close
+          request.finish
+        end
+      end
+
+      def self.send_headers(out, status, headers)
+        out.print "Status: #{status}\r\n"
+        headers.each { |k, vs|
+          vs.split("\n").each { |v|
+            out.print "#{k}: #{v}\r\n"
+          }
+        }
+        out.print "\r\n"
+        out.flush
+      end
+
+      def self.send_body(out, body)
+        body.each { |part|
+          out.print part
+          out.flush
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/lsws.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/lsws.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f850fc77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/lsws.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+require 'lsapi'
+#require 'cgi'
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class LSWS
+      def self.run(app, options=nil)
+        while LSAPI.accept != nil
+          serve app
+        end
+      end
+      def self.serve(app)
+        env = ENV.to_hash
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = "" if env["SCRIPT_NAME"] == "/"
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => $stdin,
+                     "rack.errors" => $stderr,
+                     "rack.multithread" => false,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => true,
+                     "rack.run_once" => false,
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => ["yes", "on", "1"].include?(ENV["HTTPS"]) ? "https" : "http"
+                   })
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env["HTTP_VERSION"] ||= env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
+        env["REQUEST_PATH"] ||= "/"
+        status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+        begin
+          send_headers status, headers
+          send_body body
+        ensure
+          body.close if body.respond_to? :close
+        end
+      end
+      def self.send_headers(status, headers)
+        print "Status: #{status}\r\n"
+        headers.each { |k, vs|
+          vs.split("\n").each { |v|
+            print "#{k}: #{v}\r\n"
+          }
+        }
+        print "\r\n"
+        STDOUT.flush
+      end
+      def self.send_body(body)
+        body.each { |part|
+          print part
+          STDOUT.flush
+        }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..178a1a8fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/mongrel.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+require 'mongrel'
+require 'stringio'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class Mongrel < ::Mongrel::HttpHandler
+      def self.run(app, options={})
+        server = ::Mongrel::HttpServer.new(options[:Host] || '0.0.0.0',
+                                           options[:Port] || 8080)
+        # Acts like Rack::URLMap, utilizing Mongrel's own path finding methods.
+        # Use is similar to #run, replacing the app argument with a hash of 
+        # { path=>app, ... } or an instance of Rack::URLMap.
+        if options[:map]
+          if app.is_a? Hash
+            app.each do |path, appl|
+              path = '/'+path unless path[0] == ?/
+              server.register(path, Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(appl))
+            end
+          elsif app.is_a? URLMap
+            app.instance_variable_get(:@mapping).each do |(host, path, appl)|
+             next if !host.nil? && !options[:Host].nil? && options[:Host] != host
+             path = '/'+path unless path[0] == ?/
+             server.register(path, Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(appl))
+            end
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "first argument should be a Hash or URLMap"
+          end
+        else
+          server.register('/', Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(app))
+        end
+        yield server  if block_given?
+        server.run.join
+      end
+
+      def initialize(app)
+        @app = app
+      end
+
+      def process(request, response)
+        env = {}.replace(request.params)
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE"
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH"
+
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = ""  if env["SCRIPT_NAME"] == "/"
+
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => request.body || StringIO.new(""),
+                     "rack.errors" => $stderr,
+
+                     "rack.multithread" => true,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => false, # ???
+                     "rack.run_once" => false,
+
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => "http",
+                   })
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env.delete "PATH_INFO"  if env["PATH_INFO"] == ""
+
+        status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+
+        begin
+          response.status = status.to_i
+          response.send_status(nil)
+
+          headers.each { |k, vs|
+            vs.split("\n").each { |v|
+              response.header[k] = v
+            }
+          }
+          response.send_header
+
+          body.each { |part|
+            response.write part
+            response.socket.flush
+          }
+        ensure
+          body.close  if body.respond_to? :close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/scgi.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/scgi.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd18a8359b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/scgi.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+require 'scgi'
+require 'stringio'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class SCGI < ::SCGI::Processor
+      attr_accessor :app
+      
+      def self.run(app, options=nil)
+        new(options.merge(:app=>app,
+                          :host=>options[:Host],
+                          :port=>options[:Port],
+                          :socket=>options[:Socket])).listen
+      end
+      
+      def initialize(settings = {})
+        @app = settings[:app]
+        @log = Object.new
+        def @log.info(*args); end
+        def @log.error(*args); end
+        super(settings)
+      end
+        
+      def process_request(request, input_body, socket)
+        env = {}.replace(request)
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE"
+        env.delete "HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        env["REQUEST_PATH"], env["QUERY_STRING"] = env["REQUEST_URI"].split('?', 2)
+        env["HTTP_VERSION"] ||= env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
+        env["PATH_INFO"] = env["REQUEST_PATH"]
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = ""
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => StringIO.new(input_body),
+                     "rack.errors" => $stderr,
+
+                     "rack.multithread" => true,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => true,
+                     "rack.run_once" => false,
+
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => ["yes", "on", "1"].include?(env["HTTPS"]) ? "https" : "http"
+                   })
+        status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+        begin
+          socket.write("Status: #{status}\r\n")
+          headers.each do |k, vs|
+            vs.split("\n").each { |v| socket.write("#{k}: #{v}\r\n")}
+          end
+          socket.write("\r\n")
+          body.each {|s| socket.write(s)}
+        ensure
+          body.close if body.respond_to? :close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/swiftiplied_mongrel.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/swiftiplied_mongrel.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bafd0b953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/swiftiplied_mongrel.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require 'swiftcore/swiftiplied_mongrel'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class SwiftipliedMongrel < Handler::Mongrel
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/thin.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/thin.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ad088b36a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/thin.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+require "thin"
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class Thin
+      def self.run(app, options={})
+        server = ::Thin::Server.new(options[:Host] || '0.0.0.0',
+                                    options[:Port] || 8080,
+                                    app)
+        yield server if block_given?
+        server.start
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/webrick.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/webrick.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40be79de13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/handler/webrick.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+require 'webrick'
+require 'stringio'
+
+module Rack
+  module Handler
+    class WEBrick < ::WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
+      def self.run(app, options={})
+        server = ::WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(options)
+        server.mount "/", Rack::Handler::WEBrick, app
+        trap(:INT) { server.shutdown }
+        yield server  if block_given?
+        server.start
+      end
+
+      def initialize(server, app)
+        super server
+        @app = app
+      end
+
+      def service(req, res)
+        env = req.meta_vars
+        env.delete_if { |k, v| v.nil? }
+
+        env.update({"rack.version" => [0,1],
+                     "rack.input" => StringIO.new(req.body.to_s),
+                     "rack.errors" => $stderr,
+
+                     "rack.multithread" => true,
+                     "rack.multiprocess" => false,
+                     "rack.run_once" => false,
+
+                     "rack.url_scheme" => ["yes", "on", "1"].include?(ENV["HTTPS"]) ? "https" : "http"
+                   })
+
+        env["HTTP_VERSION"] ||= env["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]
+        env["QUERY_STRING"] ||= ""
+        env["REQUEST_PATH"] ||= "/"
+        env.delete "PATH_INFO"  if env["PATH_INFO"] == ""
+
+        status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+        begin
+          res.status = status.to_i
+          headers.each { |k, vs|
+            if k.downcase == "set-cookie"
+              res.cookies.concat vs.split("\n")
+            else
+              vs.split("\n").each { |v|
+                res[k] = v
+              }
+            end
+          }
+          body.each { |part|
+            res.body << part
+          }
+        ensure
+          body.close  if body.respond_to? :close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..deab822a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/head.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module Rack
+
+class Head
+  def initialize(app)
+    @app = app
+  end
+
+  def call(env)
+    status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+
+    if env["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
+      [status, headers, []]
+    else
+      [status, headers, body]
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lint.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lint.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7eb05437f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lint.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Lint validates your application and the requests and
+  # responses according to the Rack spec.
+
+  class Lint
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+
+    class LintError < RuntimeError; end
+    module Assertion
+      def assert(message, &block)
+        unless block.call
+          raise LintError, message
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    include Assertion
+
+    ## This specification aims to formalize the Rack protocol.  You
+    ## can (and should) use Rack::Lint to enforce it.
+    ##
+    ## When you develop middleware, be sure to add a Lint before and
+    ## after to catch all mistakes.
+
+    ## = Rack applications
+
+    ## A Rack application is an Ruby object (not a class) that
+    ## responds to +call+.
+    def call(env=nil)
+      dup._call(env)
+    end
+
+    def _call(env)
+      ## It takes exactly one argument, the *environment*
+      assert("No env given") { env }
+      check_env env
+
+      env['rack.input'] = InputWrapper.new(env['rack.input'])
+      env['rack.errors'] = ErrorWrapper.new(env['rack.errors'])
+
+      ## and returns an Array of exactly three values:
+      status, headers, @body = @app.call(env)
+      ## The *status*,
+      check_status status
+      ## the *headers*,
+      check_headers headers
+      ## and the *body*.
+      check_content_type status, headers
+      check_content_length status, headers, env
+      [status, headers, self]
+    end
+
+    ## == The Environment
+    def check_env(env)
+      ## The environment must be an true instance of Hash (no
+      ## subclassing allowed) that includes CGI-like headers.
+      ## The application is free to modify the environment.
+      assert("env #{env.inspect} is not a Hash, but #{env.class}") {
+        env.instance_of? Hash
+      }
+
+      ##
+      ## The environment is required to include these variables
+      ## (adopted from PEP333), except when they'd be empty, but see
+      ## below.
+
+      ## <tt>REQUEST_METHOD</tt>:: The HTTP request method, such as
+      ##                           "GET" or "POST". This cannot ever
+      ##                           be an empty string, and so is
+      ##                           always required.
+
+      ## <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt>:: The initial portion of the request
+      ##                        URL's "path" that corresponds to the
+      ##                        application object, so that the
+      ##                        application knows its virtual
+      ##                        "location". This may be an empty
+      ##                        string, if the application corresponds
+      ##                        to the "root" of the server.
+
+      ## <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>:: The remainder of the request URL's
+      ##                      "path", designating the virtual
+      ##                      "location" of the request's target
+      ##                      within the application. This may be an
+      ##                      empty string, if the request URL targets
+      ##                      the application root and does not have a
+      ##                      trailing slash.
+
+      ## <tt>QUERY_STRING</tt>:: The portion of the request URL that
+      ##                         follows the <tt>?</tt>, if any. May be
+      ##                         empty, but is always required!
+
+      ## <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt>, <tt>SERVER_PORT</tt>:: When combined with <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> and <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>, these variables can be used to complete the URL. Note, however, that <tt>HTTP_HOST</tt>, if present, should be used in preference to <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt> for reconstructing the request URL.  <tt>SERVER_NAME</tt> and <tt>SERVER_PORT</tt> can never be empty strings, and so are always required.
+
+      ## <tt>HTTP_</tt> Variables:: Variables corresponding to the
+      ##                            client-supplied HTTP request
+      ##                            headers (i.e., variables whose
+      ##                            names begin with <tt>HTTP_</tt>). The
+      ##                            presence or absence of these
+      ##                            variables should correspond with
+      ##                            the presence or absence of the
+      ##                            appropriate HTTP header in the
+      ##                            request.
+
+      ## In addition to this, the Rack environment must include these
+      ## Rack-specific variables:
+
+      ## <tt>rack.version</tt>:: The Array [0,1], representing this version of Rack.
+      ## <tt>rack.url_scheme</tt>:: +http+ or +https+, depending on the request URL.
+      ## <tt>rack.input</tt>:: See below, the input stream.
+      ## <tt>rack.errors</tt>:: See below, the error stream.
+      ## <tt>rack.multithread</tt>:: true if the application object may be simultaneously invoked by another thread in the same process, false otherwise.
+      ## <tt>rack.multiprocess</tt>:: true if an equivalent application object may be simultaneously invoked by another process, false otherwise.
+      ## <tt>rack.run_once</tt>:: true if the server expects (but does not guarantee!) that the application will only be invoked this one time during the life of its containing process. Normally, this will only be true for a server based on CGI (or something similar).
+
+      ## The server or the application can store their own data in the
+      ## environment, too.  The keys must contain at least one dot,
+      ## and should be prefixed uniquely.  The prefix <tt>rack.</tt>
+      ## is reserved for use with the Rack core distribution and must
+      ## not be used otherwise.
+      ##
+
+      %w[REQUEST_METHOD SERVER_NAME SERVER_PORT
+         QUERY_STRING
+         rack.version rack.input rack.errors
+         rack.multithread rack.multiprocess rack.run_once].each { |header|
+        assert("env missing required key #{header}") { env.include? header }
+      }
+
+      ## The environment must not contain the keys
+      ## <tt>HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE</tt> or <tt>HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH</tt>
+      ## (use the versions without <tt>HTTP_</tt>).
+      %w[HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH].each { |header|
+        assert("env contains #{header}, must use #{header[5,-1]}") {
+          not env.include? header
+        }
+      }
+
+      ## The CGI keys (named without a period) must have String values.
+      env.each { |key, value|
+        next  if key.include? "."   # Skip extensions
+        assert("env variable #{key} has non-string value #{value.inspect}") {
+          value.instance_of? String
+        }
+      }
+
+      ##
+      ## There are the following restrictions:
+
+      ## * <tt>rack.version</tt> must be an array of Integers.
+      assert("rack.version must be an Array, was #{env["rack.version"].class}") {
+        env["rack.version"].instance_of? Array
+      }
+      ## * <tt>rack.url_scheme</tt> must either be +http+ or +https+.
+      assert("rack.url_scheme unknown: #{env["rack.url_scheme"].inspect}") {
+        %w[http https].include? env["rack.url_scheme"]
+      }
+
+      ## * There must be a valid input stream in <tt>rack.input</tt>.
+      check_input env["rack.input"]
+      ## * There must be a valid error stream in <tt>rack.errors</tt>.
+      check_error env["rack.errors"]
+
+      ## * The <tt>REQUEST_METHOD</tt> must be a valid token.
+      assert("REQUEST_METHOD unknown: #{env["REQUEST_METHOD"]}") {
+        env["REQUEST_METHOD"] =~ /\A[0-9A-Za-z!\#$%&'*+.^_`|~-]+\z/
+      }
+
+      ## * The <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt>, if non-empty, must start with <tt>/</tt>
+      assert("SCRIPT_NAME must start with /") {
+        !env.include?("SCRIPT_NAME") ||
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] == "" ||
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] =~ /\A\//
+      }
+      ## * The <tt>PATH_INFO</tt>, if non-empty, must start with <tt>/</tt>
+      assert("PATH_INFO must start with /") {
+        !env.include?("PATH_INFO") ||
+        env["PATH_INFO"] == "" ||
+        env["PATH_INFO"] =~ /\A\//
+      }
+      ## * The <tt>CONTENT_LENGTH</tt>, if given, must consist of digits only.
+      assert("Invalid CONTENT_LENGTH: #{env["CONTENT_LENGTH"]}") {
+        !env.include?("CONTENT_LENGTH") || env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] =~ /\A\d+\z/
+      }
+
+      ## * One of <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> or <tt>PATH_INFO</tt> must be
+      ##   set.  <tt>PATH_INFO</tt> should be <tt>/</tt> if
+      ##   <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> is empty.
+      assert("One of SCRIPT_NAME or PATH_INFO must be set (make PATH_INFO '/' if SCRIPT_NAME is empty)") {
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] || env["PATH_INFO"]
+      }
+      ##   <tt>SCRIPT_NAME</tt> never should be <tt>/</tt>, but instead be empty.
+      assert("SCRIPT_NAME cannot be '/', make it '' and PATH_INFO '/'") {
+        env["SCRIPT_NAME"] != "/"
+      }
+    end
+
+    ## === The Input Stream
+    def check_input(input)
+      ## The input stream must respond to +gets+, +each+ and +read+.
+      [:gets, :each, :read].each { |method|
+        assert("rack.input #{input} does not respond to ##{method}") {
+          input.respond_to? method
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    class InputWrapper
+      include Assertion
+
+      def initialize(input)
+        @input = input
+      end
+
+      def size
+        @input.size
+      end
+
+      def rewind
+        @input.rewind
+      end
+
+      ## * +gets+ must be called without arguments and return a string,
+      ##   or +nil+ on EOF.
+      def gets(*args)
+        assert("rack.input#gets called with arguments") { args.size == 0 }
+        v = @input.gets
+        assert("rack.input#gets didn't return a String") {
+          v.nil? or v.instance_of? String
+        }
+        v
+      end
+
+      ## * +read+ must be called without or with one integer argument
+      ##   and return a string, or +nil+ on EOF.
+      def read(*args)
+        assert("rack.input#read called with too many arguments") {
+          args.size <= 1
+        }
+        if args.size == 1
+          assert("rack.input#read called with non-integer argument") {
+            args.first.kind_of? Integer
+          }
+        end
+        v = @input.read(*args)
+        assert("rack.input#read didn't return a String") {
+          v.nil? or v.instance_of? String
+        }
+        v
+      end
+
+      ## * +each+ must be called without arguments and only yield Strings.
+      def each(*args)
+        assert("rack.input#each called with arguments") { args.size == 0 }
+        @input.each { |line|
+          assert("rack.input#each didn't yield a String") {
+            line.instance_of? String
+          }
+          yield line
+        }
+      end
+
+      ## * +close+ must never be called on the input stream.
+      def close(*args)
+        assert("rack.input#close must not be called") { false }
+      end
+    end
+
+    ## === The Error Stream
+    def check_error(error)
+      ## The error stream must respond to +puts+, +write+ and +flush+.
+      [:puts, :write, :flush].each { |method|
+        assert("rack.error #{error} does not respond to ##{method}") {
+          error.respond_to? method
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    class ErrorWrapper
+      include Assertion
+
+      def initialize(error)
+        @error = error
+      end
+
+      ## * +puts+ must be called with a single argument that responds to +to_s+.
+      def puts(str)
+        @error.puts str
+      end
+
+      ## * +write+ must be called with a single argument that is a String.
+      def write(str)
+        assert("rack.errors#write not called with a String") { str.instance_of? String }
+        @error.write str
+      end
+
+      ## * +flush+ must be called without arguments and must be called
+      ##   in order to make the error appear for sure.
+      def flush
+        @error.flush
+      end
+
+      ## * +close+ must never be called on the error stream.
+      def close(*args)
+        assert("rack.errors#close must not be called") { false }
+      end
+    end
+
+    ## == The Response
+
+    ## === The Status
+    def check_status(status)
+      ## The status, if parsed as integer (+to_i+), must be greater than or equal to 100.
+      assert("Status must be >=100 seen as integer") { status.to_i >= 100 }
+    end
+
+    ## === The Headers
+    def check_headers(header)
+      ## The header must respond to each, and yield values of key and value.
+      assert("headers object should respond to #each, but doesn't (got #{header.class} as headers)") {
+         header.respond_to? :each
+      }
+      header.each { |key, value|
+        ## The header keys must be Strings.
+        assert("header key must be a string, was #{key.class}") {
+          key.instance_of? String
+        }
+        ## The header must not contain a +Status+ key,
+        assert("header must not contain Status") { key.downcase != "status" }
+        ## contain keys with <tt>:</tt> or newlines in their name,
+        assert("header names must not contain : or \\n") { key !~ /[:\n]/ }
+        ## contain keys names that end in <tt>-</tt> or <tt>_</tt>,
+        assert("header names must not end in - or _") { key !~ /[-_]\z/ }
+        ## but only contain keys that consist of
+        ## letters, digits, <tt>_</tt> or <tt>-</tt> and start with a letter.
+        assert("invalid header name: #{key}") { key =~ /\A[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*\z/ }
+
+        ## The values of the header must be Strings,
+        assert("a header value must be a String, but the value of " +
+          "'#{key}' is a #{value.class}") { value.kind_of? String }
+        ## consisting of lines (for multiple header values) seperated by "\n".
+        value.split("\n").each { |item|
+          ## The lines must not contain characters below 037.
+          assert("invalid header value #{key}: #{item.inspect}") {
+            item !~ /[\000-\037]/
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    ## === The Content-Type
+    def check_content_type(status, headers)
+      headers.each { |key, value|
+        ## There must be a <tt>Content-Type</tt>, except when the
+        ## +Status+ is 1xx, 204 or 304, in which case there must be none
+        ## given.
+        if key.downcase == "content-type"
+          assert("Content-Type header found in #{status} response, not allowed") {
+            not Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include? status.to_i
+          }
+          return
+        end
+      }
+      assert("No Content-Type header found") {
+        Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include? status.to_i
+      }
+    end
+
+    ## === The Content-Length
+    def check_content_length(status, headers, env)
+      chunked_response = false
+      headers.each { |key, value|
+        if key.downcase == 'transfer-encoding'
+          chunked_response = value.downcase != 'identity'
+        end
+      }
+
+      headers.each { |key, value|
+        if key.downcase == 'content-length'
+          ## There must be a <tt>Content-Length</tt>, except when the
+          ## +Status+ is 1xx, 204 or 304, in which case there must be none
+          ## given.
+          assert("Content-Length header found in #{status} response, not allowed") {
+            not Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include? status.to_i
+          }
+
+          assert('Content-Length header should not be used if body is chunked') {
+            not chunked_response
+          }
+
+          bytes = 0
+          string_body = true
+
+          @body.each { |part|
+            unless part.kind_of?(String)
+              string_body = false
+              break
+            end
+
+            bytes += (part.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? part.bytesize : part.size)
+          }
+
+          if env["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
+            assert("Response body was given for HEAD request, but should be empty") {
+              bytes == 0
+            }
+          else
+            if string_body
+              assert("Content-Length header was #{value}, but should be #{bytes}") {
+                value == bytes.to_s
+              }
+            end
+          end
+
+          return
+        end
+      }
+
+      if [ String, Array ].include?(@body.class) && !chunked_response
+        assert('No Content-Length header found') {
+          Rack::Utils::STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include? status.to_i
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    ## === The Body
+    def each
+      @closed = false
+      ## The Body must respond to #each
+      @body.each { |part|
+        ## and must only yield String values.
+        assert("Body yielded non-string value #{part.inspect}") {
+          part.instance_of? String
+        }
+        yield part
+      }
+      ##
+      ## If the Body responds to #close, it will be called after iteration.
+      # XXX howto: assert("Body has not been closed") { @closed }
+
+
+      ##
+      ## If the Body responds to #to_path, it must return a String
+      ## identifying the location of a file whose contents are identical
+      ## to that produced by calling #each.
+
+      if @body.respond_to?(:to_path)
+        assert("The file identified by body.to_path does not exist") {
+          ::File.exist? @body.to_path
+        }
+      end
+
+      ##
+      ## The Body commonly is an Array of Strings, the application
+      ## instance itself, or a File-like object.
+    end
+
+    def close
+      @closed = true
+      @body.close  if @body.respond_to?(:close)
+    end
+
+    # :startdoc:
+
+  end
+end
+
+## == Thanks
+## Some parts of this specification are adopted from PEP333: Python
+## Web Server Gateway Interface
+## v1.0 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/). I'd like to thank
+## everyone involved in that effort.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lobster.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lobster.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f63f419a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lobster.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+require 'zlib'
+
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/response'
+
+module Rack
+  # Paste has a Pony, Rack has a Lobster!
+  class Lobster
+    LobsterString = Zlib::Inflate.inflate("eJx9kEEOwyAMBO99xd7MAcytUhPlJyj2
+    P6jy9i4k9EQyGAnBarEXeCBqSkntNXsi/ZCvC48zGQoZKikGrFMZvgS5ZHd+aGWVuWwhVF0
+    t1drVmiR42HcWNz5w3QanT+2gIvTVCiE1lm1Y0eU4JGmIIbaKwextKn8rvW+p5PIwFl8ZWJ
+    I8jyiTlhTcYXkekJAzTyYN6E08A+dk8voBkAVTJQ==".delete("\n ").unpack("m*")[0])
+
+    LambdaLobster = lambda { |env|
+      if env["QUERY_STRING"].include?("flip")
+        lobster = LobsterString.split("\n").
+          map { |line| line.ljust(42).reverse }.
+          join("\n")
+        href = "?"
+      else
+        lobster = LobsterString
+        href = "?flip"
+      end
+
+      content = ["<title>Lobstericious!</title>",
+                 "<pre>", lobster, "</pre>",
+                 "<a href='#{href}'>flip!</a>"]
+      length = content.inject(0) { |a,e| a+e.size }.to_s
+      [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html", "Content-Length" => length}, content]
+    }
+
+    def call(env)
+      req = Request.new(env)
+      if req.GET["flip"] == "left"
+        lobster = LobsterString.split("\n").
+          map { |line| line.ljust(42).reverse }.
+          join("\n")
+        href = "?flip=right"
+      elsif req.GET["flip"] == "crash"
+        raise "Lobster crashed"
+      else
+        lobster = LobsterString
+        href = "?flip=left"
+      end
+
+      res = Response.new
+      res.write "<title>Lobstericious!</title>"
+      res.write "<pre>"
+      res.write lobster
+      res.write "</pre>"
+      res.write "<p><a href='#{href}'>flip!</a></p>"
+      res.write "<p><a href='?flip=crash'>crash!</a></p>"
+      res.finish
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  require 'rack'
+  require 'rack/showexceptions'
+  Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run \
+    Rack::ShowExceptions.new(Rack::Lint.new(Rack::Lobster.new)),
+    :Port => 9292
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93238528c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/lock.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module Rack
+  class Lock
+    FLAG = 'rack.multithread'.freeze
+
+    def initialize(app, lock = Mutex.new)
+      @app, @lock = app, lock
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      old, env[FLAG] = env[FLAG], false
+      @lock.synchronize { @app.call(env) }
+    ensure
+      env[FLAG] = old
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/methodoverride.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/methodoverride.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0eed29f471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/methodoverride.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module Rack
+  class MethodOverride
+    HTTP_METHODS = %w(GET HEAD PUT POST DELETE OPTIONS)
+
+    METHOD_OVERRIDE_PARAM_KEY = "_method".freeze
+    HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE_HEADER = "HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE".freeze
+
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      if env["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"
+        req = Request.new(env)
+        method = req.POST[METHOD_OVERRIDE_PARAM_KEY] ||
+          env[HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE_HEADER]
+        method = method.to_s.upcase
+        if HTTP_METHODS.include?(method)
+          env["rack.methodoverride.original_method"] = env["REQUEST_METHOD"]
+          env["REQUEST_METHOD"] = method
+        end
+      end
+
+      @app.call(env)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mime.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mime.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a6a73a97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mime.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+module Rack
+  module Mime
+    # Returns String with mime type if found, otherwise use +fallback+.
+    # +ext+ should be filename extension in the '.ext' format that
+    #       File.extname(file) returns.
+    # +fallback+ may be any object
+    #
+    # Also see the documentation for MIME_TYPES
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #     Rack::Mime.mime_type('.foo')
+    #
+    # This is a shortcut for:
+    #     Rack::Mime::MIME_TYPES.fetch('.foo', 'application/octet-stream')
+
+    def mime_type(ext, fallback='application/octet-stream')
+      MIME_TYPES.fetch(ext, fallback)
+    end
+    module_function :mime_type
+
+    # List of most common mime-types, selected various sources
+    # according to their usefulness in a webserving scope for Ruby
+    # users.
+    #
+    # To amend this list with your local mime.types list you can use:
+    #
+    #     require 'webrick/httputils'
+    #     list = WEBrick::HTTPUtils.load_mime_types('/etc/mime.types')
+    #     Rack::Mime::MIME_TYPES.merge!(list)
+    #
+    # To add the list mongrel provides, use:
+    #
+    #     require 'mongrel/handlers'
+    #     Rack::Mime::MIME_TYPES.merge!(Mongrel::DirHandler::MIME_TYPES)
+
+    MIME_TYPES = {
+      ".3gp"     => "video/3gpp",
+      ".a"       => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".ai"      => "application/postscript",
+      ".aif"     => "audio/x-aiff",
+      ".aiff"    => "audio/x-aiff",
+      ".asc"     => "application/pgp-signature",
+      ".asf"     => "video/x-ms-asf",
+      ".asm"     => "text/x-asm",
+      ".asx"     => "video/x-ms-asf",
+      ".atom"    => "application/atom+xml",
+      ".au"      => "audio/basic",
+      ".avi"     => "video/x-msvideo",
+      ".bat"     => "application/x-msdownload",
+      ".bin"     => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".bmp"     => "image/bmp",
+      ".bz2"     => "application/x-bzip2",
+      ".c"       => "text/x-c",
+      ".cab"     => "application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed",
+      ".cc"      => "text/x-c",
+      ".chm"     => "application/vnd.ms-htmlhelp",
+      ".class"   => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".com"     => "application/x-msdownload",
+      ".conf"    => "text/plain",
+      ".cpp"     => "text/x-c",
+      ".crt"     => "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
+      ".css"     => "text/css",
+      ".csv"     => "text/csv",
+      ".cxx"     => "text/x-c",
+      ".deb"     => "application/x-debian-package",
+      ".der"     => "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
+      ".diff"    => "text/x-diff",
+      ".djv"     => "image/vnd.djvu",
+      ".djvu"    => "image/vnd.djvu",
+      ".dll"     => "application/x-msdownload",
+      ".dmg"     => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".doc"     => "application/msword",
+      ".dot"     => "application/msword",
+      ".dtd"     => "application/xml-dtd",
+      ".dvi"     => "application/x-dvi",
+      ".ear"     => "application/java-archive",
+      ".eml"     => "message/rfc822",
+      ".eps"     => "application/postscript",
+      ".exe"     => "application/x-msdownload",
+      ".f"       => "text/x-fortran",
+      ".f77"     => "text/x-fortran",
+      ".f90"     => "text/x-fortran",
+      ".flv"     => "video/x-flv",
+      ".for"     => "text/x-fortran",
+      ".gem"     => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".gemspec" => "text/x-script.ruby",
+      ".gif"     => "image/gif",
+      ".gz"      => "application/x-gzip",
+      ".h"       => "text/x-c",
+      ".hh"      => "text/x-c",
+      ".htm"     => "text/html",
+      ".html"    => "text/html",
+      ".ico"     => "image/vnd.microsoft.icon",
+      ".ics"     => "text/calendar",
+      ".ifb"     => "text/calendar",
+      ".iso"     => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".jar"     => "application/java-archive",
+      ".java"    => "text/x-java-source",
+      ".jnlp"    => "application/x-java-jnlp-file",
+      ".jpeg"    => "image/jpeg",
+      ".jpg"     => "image/jpeg",
+      ".js"      => "application/javascript",
+      ".json"    => "application/json",
+      ".log"     => "text/plain",
+      ".m3u"     => "audio/x-mpegurl",
+      ".m4v"     => "video/mp4",
+      ".man"     => "text/troff",
+      ".mathml"  => "application/mathml+xml",
+      ".mbox"    => "application/mbox",
+      ".mdoc"    => "text/troff",
+      ".me"      => "text/troff",
+      ".mid"     => "audio/midi",
+      ".midi"    => "audio/midi",
+      ".mime"    => "message/rfc822",
+      ".mml"     => "application/mathml+xml",
+      ".mng"     => "video/x-mng",
+      ".mov"     => "video/quicktime",
+      ".mp3"     => "audio/mpeg",
+      ".mp4"     => "video/mp4",
+      ".mp4v"    => "video/mp4",
+      ".mpeg"    => "video/mpeg",
+      ".mpg"     => "video/mpeg",
+      ".ms"      => "text/troff",
+      ".msi"     => "application/x-msdownload",
+      ".odp"     => "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation",
+      ".ods"     => "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet",
+      ".odt"     => "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text",
+      ".ogg"     => "application/ogg",
+      ".p"       => "text/x-pascal",
+      ".pas"     => "text/x-pascal",
+      ".pbm"     => "image/x-portable-bitmap",
+      ".pdf"     => "application/pdf",
+      ".pem"     => "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
+      ".pgm"     => "image/x-portable-graymap",
+      ".pgp"     => "application/pgp-encrypted",
+      ".pkg"     => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".pl"      => "text/x-script.perl",
+      ".pm"      => "text/x-script.perl-module",
+      ".png"     => "image/png",
+      ".pnm"     => "image/x-portable-anymap",
+      ".ppm"     => "image/x-portable-pixmap",
+      ".pps"     => "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
+      ".ppt"     => "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
+      ".ps"      => "application/postscript",
+      ".psd"     => "image/vnd.adobe.photoshop",
+      ".py"      => "text/x-script.python",
+      ".qt"      => "video/quicktime",
+      ".ra"      => "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
+      ".rake"    => "text/x-script.ruby",
+      ".ram"     => "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
+      ".rar"     => "application/x-rar-compressed",
+      ".rb"      => "text/x-script.ruby",
+      ".rdf"     => "application/rdf+xml",
+      ".roff"    => "text/troff",
+      ".rpm"     => "application/x-redhat-package-manager",
+      ".rss"     => "application/rss+xml",
+      ".rtf"     => "application/rtf",
+      ".ru"      => "text/x-script.ruby",
+      ".s"       => "text/x-asm",
+      ".sgm"     => "text/sgml",
+      ".sgml"    => "text/sgml",
+      ".sh"      => "application/x-sh",
+      ".sig"     => "application/pgp-signature",
+      ".snd"     => "audio/basic",
+      ".so"      => "application/octet-stream",
+      ".svg"     => "image/svg+xml",
+      ".svgz"    => "image/svg+xml",
+      ".swf"     => "application/x-shockwave-flash",
+      ".t"       => "text/troff",
+      ".tar"     => "application/x-tar",
+      ".tbz"     => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+      ".tcl"     => "application/x-tcl",
+      ".tex"     => "application/x-tex",
+      ".texi"    => "application/x-texinfo",
+      ".texinfo" => "application/x-texinfo",
+      ".text"    => "text/plain",
+      ".tif"     => "image/tiff",
+      ".tiff"    => "image/tiff",
+      ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent",
+      ".tr"      => "text/troff",
+      ".txt"     => "text/plain",
+      ".vcf"     => "text/x-vcard",
+      ".vcs"     => "text/x-vcalendar",
+      ".vrml"    => "model/vrml",
+      ".war"     => "application/java-archive",
+      ".wav"     => "audio/x-wav",
+      ".wma"     => "audio/x-ms-wma",
+      ".wmv"     => "video/x-ms-wmv",
+      ".wmx"     => "video/x-ms-wmx",
+      ".wrl"     => "model/vrml",
+      ".wsdl"    => "application/wsdl+xml",
+      ".xbm"     => "image/x-xbitmap",
+      ".xhtml"   => "application/xhtml+xml",
+      ".xls"     => "application/vnd.ms-excel",
+      ".xml"     => "application/xml",
+      ".xpm"     => "image/x-xpixmap",
+      ".xsl"     => "application/xml",
+      ".xslt"    => "application/xslt+xml",
+      ".yaml"    => "text/yaml",
+      ".yml"     => "text/yaml",
+      ".zip"     => "application/zip",
+    }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mock.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mock.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70852da3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/mock.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+require 'uri'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'rack/lint'
+require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/response'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::MockRequest helps testing your Rack application without
+  # actually using HTTP.
+  #
+  # After performing a request on a URL with get/post/put/delete, it
+  # returns a MockResponse with useful helper methods for effective
+  # testing.
+  #
+  # You can pass a hash with additional configuration to the
+  # get/post/put/delete.
+  # <tt>:input</tt>:: A String or IO-like to be used as rack.input.
+  # <tt>:fatal</tt>:: Raise a FatalWarning if the app writes to rack.errors.
+  # <tt>:lint</tt>:: If true, wrap the application in a Rack::Lint.
+
+  class MockRequest
+    class FatalWarning < RuntimeError
+    end
+
+    class FatalWarner
+      def puts(warning)
+        raise FatalWarning, warning
+      end
+
+      def write(warning)
+        raise FatalWarning, warning
+      end
+
+      def flush
+      end
+
+      def string
+        ""
+      end
+    end
+
+    DEFAULT_ENV = {
+      "rack.version" => [0,1],
+      "rack.input" => StringIO.new,
+      "rack.errors" => StringIO.new,
+      "rack.multithread" => true,
+      "rack.multiprocess" => true,
+      "rack.run_once" => false,
+    }
+
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def get(uri, opts={})    request("GET", uri, opts)    end
+    def post(uri, opts={})   request("POST", uri, opts)   end
+    def put(uri, opts={})    request("PUT", uri, opts)    end
+    def delete(uri, opts={}) request("DELETE", uri, opts) end
+
+    def request(method="GET", uri="", opts={})
+      env = self.class.env_for(uri, opts.merge(:method => method))
+
+      if opts[:lint]
+        app = Rack::Lint.new(@app)
+      else
+        app = @app
+      end
+
+      errors = env["rack.errors"]
+      MockResponse.new(*(app.call(env) + [errors]))
+    end
+
+    # Return the Rack environment used for a request to +uri+.
+    def self.env_for(uri="", opts={})
+      uri = URI(uri)
+      env = DEFAULT_ENV.dup
+
+      env["REQUEST_METHOD"] = opts[:method] || "GET"
+      env["SERVER_NAME"] = uri.host || "example.org"
+      env["SERVER_PORT"] = uri.port ? uri.port.to_s : "80"
+      env["QUERY_STRING"] = uri.query.to_s
+      env["PATH_INFO"] = (!uri.path || uri.path.empty?) ? "/" : uri.path
+      env["rack.url_scheme"] = uri.scheme || "http"
+
+      env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = opts[:script_name] || ""
+
+      if opts[:fatal]
+        env["rack.errors"] = FatalWarner.new
+      else
+        env["rack.errors"] = StringIO.new
+      end
+
+      opts[:input] ||= ""
+      if String === opts[:input]
+        env["rack.input"] = StringIO.new(opts[:input])
+      else
+        env["rack.input"] = opts[:input]
+      end
+
+      env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] ||= env["rack.input"].length.to_s
+
+      opts.each { |field, value|
+        env[field] = value  if String === field
+      }
+
+      env
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Rack::MockResponse provides useful helpers for testing your apps.
+  # Usually, you don't create the MockResponse on your own, but use
+  # MockRequest.
+
+  class MockResponse
+    def initialize(status, headers, body, errors=StringIO.new(""))
+      @status = status.to_i
+
+      @original_headers = headers
+      @headers = Rack::Utils::HeaderHash.new
+      headers.each { |field, values|
+        @headers[field] = values
+        @headers[field] = ""  if values.empty?
+      }
+
+      @body = ""
+      body.each { |part| @body << part }
+
+      @errors = errors.string
+    end
+
+    # Status
+    attr_reader :status
+
+    # Headers
+    attr_reader :headers, :original_headers
+
+    def [](field)
+      headers[field]
+    end
+
+
+    # Body
+    attr_reader :body
+
+    def =~(other)
+      @body =~ other
+    end
+
+    def match(other)
+      @body.match other
+    end
+
+
+    # Errors
+    attr_accessor :errors
+
+
+    include Response::Helpers
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/recursive.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/recursive.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf8b965925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/recursive.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+require 'uri'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ForwardRequest gets caught by Rack::Recursive and redirects
+  # the current request to the app at +url+.
+  #
+  #   raise ForwardRequest.new("/not-found")
+  #
+
+  class ForwardRequest < Exception
+    attr_reader :url, :env
+
+    def initialize(url, env={})
+      @url = URI(url)
+      @env = env
+
+      @env["PATH_INFO"] =       @url.path
+      @env["QUERY_STRING"] =    @url.query  if @url.query
+      @env["HTTP_HOST"] =       @url.host   if @url.host
+      @env["HTTP_PORT"] =       @url.port   if @url.port
+      @env["rack.url_scheme"] = @url.scheme if @url.scheme
+
+      super "forwarding to #{url}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Rack::Recursive allows applications called down the chain to
+  # include data from other applications (by using
+  # <tt>rack['rack.recursive.include'][...]</tt> or raise a
+  # ForwardRequest to redirect internally.
+
+  class Recursive
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      @script_name = env["SCRIPT_NAME"]
+      @app.call(env.merge('rack.recursive.include' => method(:include)))
+    rescue ForwardRequest => req
+      call(env.merge(req.env))
+    end
+
+    def include(env, path)
+      unless path.index(@script_name) == 0 && (path[@script_name.size] == ?/ ||
+                                               path[@script_name.size].nil?)
+        raise ArgumentError, "can only include below #{@script_name}, not #{path}"
+      end
+
+      env = env.merge("PATH_INFO" => path, "SCRIPT_NAME" => @script_name,
+                      "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET",
+                      "CONTENT_LENGTH" => "0", "CONTENT_TYPE" => "",
+                      "rack.input" => StringIO.new(""))
+      @app.call(env)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/reloader.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/reloader.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b17d8c0926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/reloader.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+require 'thread'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Reloader checks on every request, but at most every +secs+
+  # seconds, if a file loaded changed, and reloads it, logging to
+  # rack.errors.
+  #
+  # It is recommended you use ShowExceptions to catch SyntaxErrors etc.
+
+  class Reloader
+    def initialize(app, secs=10)
+      @app = app
+      @secs = secs              # reload every @secs seconds max
+      @last = Time.now
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      if Time.now > @last + @secs
+        Thread.exclusive {
+          reload!(env['rack.errors'])
+          @last = Time.now
+        }
+      end
+
+      @app.call(env)
+    end
+
+    def reload!(stderr=$stderr)
+      need_reload = $LOADED_FEATURES.find_all { |loaded|
+        begin
+          if loaded =~ /\A[.\/]/  # absolute filename or 1.9
+            abs = loaded
+          else
+            abs = $LOAD_PATH.map { |path| ::File.join(path, loaded) }.
+                             find { |file| ::File.exist? file }
+          end
+
+          if abs
+            ::File.mtime(abs) > @last - @secs  rescue false
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      }
+
+      need_reload.each { |l|
+        $LOADED_FEATURES.delete l
+      }
+
+      need_reload.each { |to_load|
+        begin
+          if require to_load
+            stderr.puts "#{self.class}: reloaded `#{to_load}'"
+          end
+        rescue LoadError, SyntaxError => e
+          raise e                 # Possibly ShowExceptions
+        end
+      }
+
+      stderr.flush
+      need_reload
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/request.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d77fa26575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/request.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Request provides a convenient interface to a Rack
+  # environment.  It is stateless, the environment +env+ passed to the
+  # constructor will be directly modified.
+  #
+  #   req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+  #   req.post?
+  #   req.params["data"]
+  #
+  # The environment hash passed will store a reference to the Request object
+  # instantiated so that it will only instantiate if an instance of the Request
+  # object doesn't already exist.
+
+  class Request
+    # The environment of the request.
+    attr_reader :env
+
+    def self.new(env)
+      if self == Rack::Request
+        env["rack.request"] ||= super
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(env)
+      @env = env
+    end
+
+    def body;            @env["rack.input"]                       end
+    def scheme;          @env["rack.url_scheme"]                  end
+    def script_name;     @env["SCRIPT_NAME"].to_s                 end
+    def path_info;       @env["PATH_INFO"].to_s                   end
+    def port;            @env["SERVER_PORT"].to_i                 end
+    def request_method;  @env["REQUEST_METHOD"]                   end
+    def query_string;    @env["QUERY_STRING"].to_s                end
+    def content_length;  @env['CONTENT_LENGTH']                   end
+    def content_type;    @env['CONTENT_TYPE']                     end
+
+    # The media type (type/subtype) portion of the CONTENT_TYPE header
+    # without any media type parameters. e.g., when CONTENT_TYPE is
+    # "text/plain;charset=utf-8", the media-type is "text/plain".
+    #
+    # For more information on the use of media types in HTTP, see:
+    # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html#sec3.7
+    def media_type
+      content_type && content_type.split(/\s*[;,]\s*/, 2)[0].downcase
+    end
+
+    # The media type parameters provided in CONTENT_TYPE as a Hash, or
+    # an empty Hash if no CONTENT_TYPE or media-type parameters were
+    # provided.  e.g., when the CONTENT_TYPE is "text/plain;charset=utf-8",
+    # this method responds with the following Hash:
+    #   { 'charset' => 'utf-8' }
+    def media_type_params
+      return {} if content_type.nil?
+      content_type.split(/\s*[;,]\s*/)[1..-1].
+        collect { |s| s.split('=', 2) }.
+        inject({}) { |hash,(k,v)| hash[k.downcase] = v ; hash }
+    end
+
+    # The character set of the request body if a "charset" media type
+    # parameter was given, or nil if no "charset" was specified. Note
+    # that, per RFC2616, text/* media types that specify no explicit
+    # charset are to be considered ISO-8859-1.
+    def content_charset
+      media_type_params['charset']
+    end
+
+    def host
+      # Remove port number.
+      (@env["HTTP_HOST"] || @env["SERVER_NAME"]).gsub(/:\d+\z/, '')
+    end
+
+    def script_name=(s); @env["SCRIPT_NAME"] = s.to_s             end
+    def path_info=(s);   @env["PATH_INFO"] = s.to_s               end
+
+    def get?;            request_method == "GET"                  end
+    def post?;           request_method == "POST"                 end
+    def put?;            request_method == "PUT"                  end
+    def delete?;         request_method == "DELETE"               end
+    def head?;           request_method == "HEAD"                 end
+
+    # The set of form-data media-types. Requests that do not indicate
+    # one of the media types presents in this list will not be eligible
+    # for form-data / param parsing.
+    FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES = [
+      nil,
+      'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+      'multipart/form-data'
+    ]
+
+    # Determine whether the request body contains form-data by checking
+    # the request media_type against registered form-data media-types:
+    # "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" and "multipart/form-data". The
+    # list of form-data media types can be modified through the
+    # +FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES+ array.
+    def form_data?
+      FORM_DATA_MEDIA_TYPES.include?(media_type)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the data recieved in the query string.
+    def GET
+      if @env["rack.request.query_string"] == query_string
+        @env["rack.request.query_hash"]
+      else
+        @env["rack.request.query_string"] = query_string
+        @env["rack.request.query_hash"]   =
+          Utils.parse_nested_query(query_string)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the data recieved in the request body.
+    #
+    # This method support both application/x-www-form-urlencoded and
+    # multipart/form-data.
+    def POST
+      if @env["rack.request.form_input"].eql? @env["rack.input"]
+        @env["rack.request.form_hash"]
+      elsif form_data?
+        @env["rack.request.form_input"] = @env["rack.input"]
+        unless @env["rack.request.form_hash"] =
+            Utils::Multipart.parse_multipart(env)
+          form_vars = @env["rack.input"].read
+
+          # Fix for Safari Ajax postings that always append \0
+          form_vars.sub!(/\0\z/, '')
+
+          @env["rack.request.form_vars"] = form_vars
+          @env["rack.request.form_hash"] = Utils.parse_nested_query(form_vars)
+
+          begin
+            @env["rack.input"].rewind if @env["rack.input"].respond_to?(:rewind)
+          rescue Errno::ESPIPE
+            # Handles exceptions raised by input streams that cannot be rewound
+            # such as when using plain CGI under Apache
+          end
+        end
+        @env["rack.request.form_hash"]
+      else
+        {}
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The union of GET and POST data.
+    def params
+      self.put? ? self.GET : self.GET.update(self.POST)
+    rescue EOFError => e
+      self.GET
+    end
+
+    # shortcut for request.params[key]
+    def [](key)
+      params[key.to_s]
+    end
+
+    # shortcut for request.params[key] = value
+    def []=(key, value)
+      params[key.to_s] = value
+    end
+
+    # like Hash#values_at
+    def values_at(*keys)
+      keys.map{|key| params[key] }
+    end
+
+    # the referer of the client or '/'
+    def referer
+      @env['HTTP_REFERER'] || '/'
+    end
+    alias referrer referer
+
+
+    def cookies
+      return {}  unless @env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
+
+      if @env["rack.request.cookie_string"] == @env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
+        @env["rack.request.cookie_hash"]
+      else
+        @env["rack.request.cookie_string"] = @env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
+        # According to RFC 2109:
+        #   If multiple cookies satisfy the criteria above, they are ordered in
+        #   the Cookie header such that those with more specific Path attributes
+        #   precede those with less specific.  Ordering with respect to other
+        #   attributes (e.g., Domain) is unspecified.
+        @env["rack.request.cookie_hash"] =
+          Utils.parse_query(@env["rack.request.cookie_string"], ';,').inject({}) {|h,(k,v)|
+            h[k] = Array === v ? v.first : v
+            h
+          }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def xhr?
+      @env["HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH"] == "XMLHttpRequest"
+    end
+
+    # Tries to return a remake of the original request URL as a string.
+    def url
+      url = scheme + "://"
+      url << host
+
+      if scheme == "https" && port != 443 ||
+          scheme == "http" && port != 80
+        url << ":#{port}"
+      end
+
+      url << fullpath
+
+      url
+    end
+
+    def fullpath
+      path = script_name + path_info
+      path << "?" << query_string  unless query_string.empty?
+      path
+    end
+
+    def accept_encoding
+      @env["HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"].to_s.split(/,\s*/).map do |part|
+        m = /^([^\s,]+?)(?:;\s*q=(\d+(?:\.\d+)?))?$/.match(part) # From WEBrick
+
+        if m
+          [m[1], (m[2] || 1.0).to_f]
+        else
+          raise "Invalid value for Accept-Encoding: #{part.inspect}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def ip
+      if addr = @env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']
+        addr.split(',').last.strip
+      else
+        @env['REMOTE_ADDR']
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/response.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a593110139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/response.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Response provides a convenient interface to create a Rack
+  # response.
+  #
+  # It allows setting of headers and cookies, and provides useful
+  # defaults (a OK response containing HTML).
+  #
+  # You can use Response#write to iteratively generate your response,
+  # but note that this is buffered by Rack::Response until you call
+  # +finish+.  +finish+ however can take a block inside which calls to
+  # +write+ are syncronous with the Rack response.
+  #
+  # Your application's +call+ should end returning Response#finish.
+
+  class Response
+    def initialize(body=[], status=200, header={}, &block)
+      @status = status
+      @header = Utils::HeaderHash.new({"Content-Type" => "text/html"}.
+                                      merge(header))
+
+      @writer = lambda { |x| @body << x }
+      @block = nil
+      @length = 0
+
+      @body = []
+
+      if body.respond_to? :to_str
+        write body.to_str
+      elsif body.respond_to?(:each)
+        body.each { |part|
+          write part.to_s
+        }
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "stringable or iterable required"
+      end
+
+      yield self  if block_given?
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :header
+    attr_accessor :status, :body
+
+    def [](key)
+      header[key]
+    end
+
+    def []=(key, value)
+      header[key] = value
+    end
+
+    def set_cookie(key, value)
+      case value
+      when Hash
+        domain  = "; domain="  + value[:domain]    if value[:domain]
+        path    = "; path="    + value[:path]      if value[:path]
+        # According to RFC 2109, we need dashes here.
+        # N.B.: cgi.rb uses spaces...
+        expires = "; expires=" + value[:expires].clone.gmtime.
+          strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT")    if value[:expires]
+        secure = "; secure"  if value[:secure]
+        httponly = "; HttpOnly" if value[:httponly]
+        value = value[:value]
+      end
+      value = [value]  unless Array === value
+      cookie = Utils.escape(key) + "=" +
+        value.map { |v| Utils.escape v }.join("&") +
+        "#{domain}#{path}#{expires}#{secure}#{httponly}"
+
+      case self["Set-Cookie"]
+      when Array
+        self["Set-Cookie"] << cookie
+      when String
+        self["Set-Cookie"] = [self["Set-Cookie"], cookie]
+      when nil
+        self["Set-Cookie"] = cookie
+      end
+    end
+
+    def delete_cookie(key, value={})
+      unless Array === self["Set-Cookie"]
+        self["Set-Cookie"] = [self["Set-Cookie"]].compact
+      end
+
+      self["Set-Cookie"].reject! { |cookie|
+        cookie =~ /\A#{Utils.escape(key)}=/
+      }
+
+      set_cookie(key,
+                 {:value => '', :path => nil, :domain => nil,
+                   :expires => Time.at(0) }.merge(value))
+    end
+
+
+    def finish(&block)
+      @block = block
+
+      if [204, 304].include?(status.to_i)
+        header.delete "Content-Type"
+        [status.to_i, header.to_hash, []]
+      else
+        [status.to_i, header.to_hash, self]
+      end
+    end
+    alias to_a finish           # For *response
+
+    def each(&callback)
+      @body.each(&callback)
+      @writer = callback
+      @block.call(self)  if @block
+    end
+
+    # Append to body and update Content-Length.
+    #
+    # NOTE: Do not mix #write and direct #body access!
+    #
+    def write(str)
+      s = str.to_s
+      @length += s.size
+      @writer.call s
+
+      header["Content-Length"] = @length.to_s
+      str
+    end
+
+    def close
+      body.close if body.respond_to?(:close)
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      @block == nil && @body.empty?
+    end
+
+    alias headers header
+
+    module Helpers
+      def invalid?;       @status < 100 || @status >= 600;       end
+
+      def informational?; @status >= 100 && @status < 200;       end
+      def successful?;    @status >= 200 && @status < 300;       end
+      def redirection?;   @status >= 300 && @status < 400;       end
+      def client_error?;  @status >= 400 && @status < 500;       end
+      def server_error?;  @status >= 500 && @status < 600;       end
+
+      def ok?;            @status == 200;                        end
+      def forbidden?;     @status == 403;                        end
+      def not_found?;     @status == 404;                        end
+
+      def redirect?;      [301, 302, 303, 307].include? @status; end
+      def empty?;         [201, 204, 304].include?      @status; end
+
+      # Headers
+      attr_reader :headers, :original_headers
+
+      def include?(header)
+        !!headers[header]
+      end
+
+      def content_type
+        headers["Content-Type"]
+      end
+
+      def content_length
+        cl = headers["Content-Length"]
+        cl ? cl.to_i : cl
+      end
+
+      def location
+        headers["Location"]
+      end
+    end
+
+    include Helpers
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/abstract/id.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/abstract/id.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..218144c17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/abstract/id.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# AUTHOR: blink <blinketje@gmail.com>; blink#ruby-lang@irc.freenode.net
+# bugrep: Andreas Zehnder
+
+require 'time'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/response'
+
+module Rack
+
+  module Session
+
+    module Abstract
+
+      # ID sets up a basic framework for implementing an id based sessioning
+      # service. Cookies sent to the client for maintaining sessions will only
+      # contain an id reference. Only #get_session and #set_session are
+      # required to be overwritten.
+      #
+      # All parameters are optional.
+      # * :key determines the name of the cookie, by default it is
+      #   'rack.session'
+      # * :path, :domain, :expire_after, :secure, and :httponly set the related
+      #   cookie options as by Rack::Response#add_cookie
+      # * :defer will not set a cookie in the response.
+      # * :renew (implementation dependent) will prompt the generation of a new
+      #   session id, and migration of data to be referenced at the new id. If
+      #   :defer is set, it will be overridden and the cookie will be set.
+      # * :sidbits sets the number of bits in length that a generated session
+      #   id will be.
+      #
+      # These options can be set on a per request basis, at the location of
+      # env['rack.session.options']. Additionally the id of the session can be
+      # found within the options hash at the key :id. It is highly not
+      # recommended to change its value.
+      #
+      # Is Rack::Utils::Context compatible.
+
+      class ID
+        DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+          :path =>          '/',
+          :domain =>        nil,
+          :expire_after =>  nil,
+          :secure =>        false,
+          :httponly =>      true,
+          :defer =>         false,
+          :renew =>         false,
+          :sidbits =>       128
+        }
+
+        attr_reader :key, :default_options
+        def initialize(app, options={})
+          @app = app
+          @key = options[:key] || "rack.session"
+          @default_options = self.class::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options)
+        end
+
+        def call(env)
+          context(env)
+        end
+
+        def context(env, app=@app)
+          load_session(env)
+          status, headers, body = app.call(env)
+          commit_session(env, status, headers, body)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # Generate a new session id using Ruby #rand.  The size of the
+        # session id is controlled by the :sidbits option.
+        # Monkey patch this to use custom methods for session id generation.
+
+        def generate_sid
+          "%0#{@default_options[:sidbits] / 4}x" %
+            rand(2**@default_options[:sidbits] - 1)
+        end
+
+        # Extracts the session id from provided cookies and passes it and the
+        # environment to #get_session. It then sets the resulting session into
+        # 'rack.session', and places options and session metadata into
+        # 'rack.session.options'.
+
+        def load_session(env)
+          request = Rack::Request.new(env)
+          session_id = request.cookies[@key]
+
+          begin
+            session_id, session = get_session(env, session_id)
+            env['rack.session'] = session
+          rescue
+            env['rack.session'] = Hash.new
+          end
+
+          env['rack.session.options'] = @default_options.
+            merge(:id => session_id)
+        end
+
+        # Acquires the session from the environment and the session id from
+        # the session options and passes them to #set_session. If successful
+        # and the :defer option is not true, a cookie will be added to the
+        # response with the session's id.
+
+        def commit_session(env, status, headers, body)
+          session = env['rack.session']
+          options = env['rack.session.options']
+          session_id = options[:id]
+
+          if not session_id = set_session(env, session_id, session, options)
+            env["rack.errors"].puts("Warning! #{self.class.name} failed to save session. Content dropped.")
+            [status, headers, body]
+          elsif options[:defer] and not options[:renew]
+            env["rack.errors"].puts("Defering cookie for #{session_id}") if $VERBOSE
+            [status, headers, body]
+          else
+            cookie = Hash.new
+            cookie[:value] = session_id
+            cookie[:expires] = Time.now + options[:expire_after] unless options[:expire_after].nil?
+            response = Rack::Response.new(body, status, headers)
+            response.set_cookie(@key, cookie.merge(options))
+            response.to_a
+          end
+        end
+
+        # All thread safety and session retrival proceedures should occur here.
+        # Should return [session_id, session].
+        # If nil is provided as the session id, generation of a new valid id
+        # should occur within.
+
+        def get_session(env, sid)
+          raise '#get_session not implemented.'
+        end
+
+        # All thread safety and session storage proceedures should occur here.
+        # Should return true or false dependant on whether or not the session
+        # was saved or not.
+        def set_session(env, sid, session, options)
+          raise '#set_session not implemented.'
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/cookie.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/cookie.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eace9bd0c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/cookie.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+require 'openssl'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/response'
+
+module Rack
+
+  module Session
+
+    # Rack::Session::Cookie provides simple cookie based session management.
+    # The session is a Ruby Hash stored as base64 encoded marshalled data
+    # set to :key (default: rack.session).
+    # When the secret key is set, cookie data is checked for data integrity.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #     use Rack::Session::Cookie, :key => 'rack.session',
+    #                                :domain => 'foo.com',
+    #                                :path => '/',
+    #                                :expire_after => 2592000,
+    #                                :secret => 'change_me'
+    #
+    #     All parameters are optional.
+
+    class Cookie
+
+      def initialize(app, options={})
+        @app = app
+        @key = options[:key] || "rack.session"
+        @secret = options[:secret]
+        @default_options = {:domain => nil,
+          :path => "/",
+          :expire_after => nil}.merge(options)
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        load_session(env)
+        status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+        commit_session(env, status, headers, body)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def load_session(env)
+        request = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        session_data = request.cookies[@key]
+
+        if @secret && session_data
+          session_data, digest = session_data.split("--")
+          session_data = nil  unless digest == generate_hmac(session_data)
+        end
+
+        begin
+          session_data = session_data.unpack("m*").first
+          session_data = Marshal.load(session_data)
+          env["rack.session"] = session_data
+        rescue
+          env["rack.session"] = Hash.new
+        end
+
+        env["rack.session.options"] = @default_options.dup
+      end
+
+      def commit_session(env, status, headers, body)
+        session_data = Marshal.dump(env["rack.session"])
+        session_data = [session_data].pack("m*")
+
+        if @secret
+          session_data = "#{session_data}--#{generate_hmac(session_data)}"
+        end
+
+        if session_data.size > (4096 - @key.size)
+          env["rack.errors"].puts("Warning! Rack::Session::Cookie data size exceeds 4K. Content dropped.")
+          [status, headers, body]
+        else
+          options = env["rack.session.options"]
+          cookie = Hash.new
+          cookie[:value] = session_data
+          cookie[:expires] = Time.now + options[:expire_after] unless options[:expire_after].nil?
+          response = Rack::Response.new(body, status, headers)
+          response.set_cookie(@key, cookie.merge(options))
+          response.to_a
+        end
+      end
+
+      def generate_hmac(data)
+        OpenSSL::HMAC.hexdigest(OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1.new, @secret, data)
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/memcache.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/memcache.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a65cbf35d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/memcache.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# AUTHOR: blink <blinketje@gmail.com>; blink#ruby-lang@irc.freenode.net
+
+require 'rack/session/abstract/id'
+require 'memcache'
+
+module Rack
+  module Session
+    # Rack::Session::Memcache provides simple cookie based session management.
+    # Session data is stored in memcached. The corresponding session key is
+    # maintained in the cookie.
+    # You may treat Session::Memcache as you would Session::Pool with the
+    # following caveats.
+    #
+    # * Setting :expire_after to 0 would note to the Memcache server to hang
+    #   onto the session data until it would drop it according to it's own
+    #   specifications. However, the cookie sent to the client would expire
+    #   immediately.
+    #
+    # Note that memcache does drop data before it may be listed to expire. For
+    # a full description of behaviour, please see memcache's documentation.
+
+    class Memcache < Abstract::ID
+      attr_reader :mutex, :pool
+      DEFAULT_OPTIONS = Abstract::ID::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge \
+        :namespace => 'rack:session',
+        :memcache_server => 'localhost:11211'
+
+      def initialize(app, options={})
+        super
+
+        @mutex = Mutex.new
+        @pool = MemCache.
+          new @default_options[:memcache_server], @default_options
+        raise 'No memcache servers' unless @pool.servers.any?{|s|s.alive?}
+      end
+
+      def generate_sid
+        loop do
+          sid = super
+          break sid unless @pool.get(sid, true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def get_session(env, sid)
+        session = @pool.get(sid) if sid
+        @mutex.lock if env['rack.multithread']
+        unless sid and session
+          env['rack.errors'].puts("Session '#{sid.inspect}' not found, initializing...") if $VERBOSE and not sid.nil?
+          session = {}
+          sid = generate_sid
+          ret = @pool.add sid, session
+          raise "Session collision on '#{sid.inspect}'" unless /^STORED/ =~ ret
+        end
+        session.instance_variable_set('@old', {}.merge(session))
+        return [sid, session]
+      rescue MemCache::MemCacheError, Errno::ECONNREFUSED # MemCache server cannot be contacted
+        warn "#{self} is unable to find server."
+        warn $!.inspect
+        return [ nil, {} ]
+      ensure
+        @mutex.unlock if env['rack.multithread']
+      end
+
+      def set_session(env, session_id, new_session, options)
+        expiry = options[:expire_after]
+        expiry = expiry.nil? ? 0 : expiry + 1
+
+        @mutex.lock if env['rack.multithread']
+        session = @pool.get(session_id) || {}
+        if options[:renew] or options[:drop]
+          @pool.delete session_id
+          return false if options[:drop]
+          session_id = generate_sid
+          @pool.add session_id, 0 # so we don't worry about cache miss on #set
+        end
+        old_session = new_session.instance_variable_get('@old') || {}
+        session = merge_sessions session_id, old_session, new_session, session
+        @pool.set session_id, session, expiry
+        return session_id
+      rescue MemCache::MemCacheError, Errno::ECONNREFUSED # MemCache server cannot be contacted
+        warn "#{self} is unable to find server."
+        warn $!.inspect
+        return false
+      ensure
+        @mutex.unlock if env['rack.multithread']
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def merge_sessions sid, old, new, cur=nil
+        cur ||= {}
+        unless Hash === old and Hash === new
+          warn 'Bad old or new sessions provided.'
+          return cur
+        end
+
+        delete = old.keys - new.keys
+        warn "//@#{sid}: delete #{delete*','}" if $VERBOSE and not delete.empty?
+        delete.each{|k| cur.delete k }
+
+        update = new.keys.select{|k| new[k] != old[k] }
+        warn "//@#{sid}: update #{update*','}" if $VERBOSE and not update.empty?
+        update.each{|k| cur[k] = new[k] }
+
+        cur
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/pool.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/pool.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6f87408bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/session/pool.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# AUTHOR: blink <blinketje@gmail.com>; blink#ruby-lang@irc.freenode.net
+# THANKS:
+#   apeiros, for session id generation, expiry setup, and threadiness
+#   sergio, threadiness and bugreps
+
+require 'rack/session/abstract/id'
+require 'thread'
+
+module Rack
+  module Session
+    # Rack::Session::Pool provides simple cookie based session management.
+    # Session data is stored in a hash held by @pool.
+    # In the context of a multithreaded environment, sessions being
+    # committed to the pool is done in a merging manner.
+    #
+    # The :drop option is available in rack.session.options if you with to
+    # explicitly remove the session from the session cache.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #   myapp = MyRackApp.new
+    #   sessioned = Rack::Session::Pool.new(myapp,
+    #     :domain => 'foo.com',
+    #     :expire_after => 2592000
+    #   )
+    #   Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run sessioned
+
+    class Pool < Abstract::ID
+      attr_reader :mutex, :pool
+      DEFAULT_OPTIONS = Abstract::ID::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge :drop => false
+
+      def initialize(app, options={})
+        super
+        @pool = Hash.new
+        @mutex = Mutex.new
+      end
+
+      def generate_sid
+        loop do
+          sid = super
+          break sid unless @pool.key? sid
+        end
+      end
+
+      def get_session(env, sid)
+        session = @pool[sid] if sid
+        @mutex.lock if env['rack.multithread']
+        unless sid and session
+          env['rack.errors'].puts("Session '#{sid.inspect}' not found, initializing...") if $VERBOSE and not sid.nil?
+          session = {}
+          sid = generate_sid
+          @pool.store sid, session
+        end
+        session.instance_variable_set('@old', {}.merge(session))
+        return [sid, session]
+      ensure
+        @mutex.unlock if env['rack.multithread']
+      end
+
+      def set_session(env, session_id, new_session, options)
+        @mutex.lock if env['rack.multithread']
+        session = @pool[session_id]
+        if options[:renew] or options[:drop]
+          @pool.delete session_id
+          return false if options[:drop]
+          session_id = generate_sid
+          @pool.store session_id, 0
+        end
+        old_session = new_session.instance_variable_get('@old') || {}
+        session = merge_sessions session_id, old_session, new_session, session
+        @pool.store session_id, session
+        return session_id
+      rescue
+        warn "#{new_session.inspect} has been lost."
+        warn $!.inspect
+      ensure
+        @mutex.unlock if env['rack.multithread']
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def merge_sessions sid, old, new, cur=nil
+        cur ||= {}
+        unless Hash === old and Hash === new
+          warn 'Bad old or new sessions provided.'
+          return cur
+        end
+
+        delete = old.keys - new.keys
+        warn "//@#{sid}: dropping #{delete*','}" if $DEBUG and not delete.empty?
+        delete.each{|k| cur.delete k }
+
+        update = new.keys.select{|k| new[k] != old[k] }
+        warn "//@#{sid}: updating #{update*','}" if $DEBUG and not update.empty?
+        update.each{|k| cur[k] = new[k] }
+
+        cur
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showexceptions.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showexceptions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..697bc41fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showexceptions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+require 'ostruct'
+require 'erb'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ShowExceptions catches all exceptions raised from the app it
+  # wraps.  It shows a useful backtrace with the sourcefile and
+  # clickable context, the whole Rack environment and the request
+  # data.
+  #
+  # Be careful when you use this on public-facing sites as it could
+  # reveal information helpful to attackers.
+
+  class ShowExceptions
+    CONTEXT = 7
+
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+      @template = ERB.new(TEMPLATE)
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      @app.call(env)
+    rescue StandardError, LoadError, SyntaxError => e
+      backtrace = pretty(env, e)
+      [500,
+       {"Content-Type" => "text/html",
+        "Content-Length" => backtrace.join.size.to_s},
+       backtrace]
+    end
+
+    def pretty(env, exception)
+      req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+      path = (req.script_name + req.path_info).squeeze("/")
+
+      frames = exception.backtrace.map { |line|
+        frame = OpenStruct.new
+        if line =~ /(.*?):(\d+)(:in `(.*)')?/
+          frame.filename = $1
+          frame.lineno = $2.to_i
+          frame.function = $4
+
+          begin
+            lineno = frame.lineno-1
+            lines = ::File.readlines(frame.filename)
+            frame.pre_context_lineno = [lineno-CONTEXT, 0].max
+            frame.pre_context = lines[frame.pre_context_lineno...lineno]
+            frame.context_line = lines[lineno].chomp
+            frame.post_context_lineno = [lineno+CONTEXT, lines.size].min
+            frame.post_context = lines[lineno+1..frame.post_context_lineno]
+          rescue
+          end
+
+          frame
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      }.compact
+
+      env["rack.errors"].puts "#{exception.class}: #{exception.message}"
+      env["rack.errors"].puts exception.backtrace.map { |l| "\t" + l }
+      env["rack.errors"].flush
+
+      [@template.result(binding)]
+    end
+
+    def h(obj)                  # :nodoc:
+      case obj
+      when String
+        Utils.escape_html(obj)
+      else
+        Utils.escape_html(obj.inspect)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+
+# adapted from Django <djangoproject.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
+# Used under the modified BSD license:
+# http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5
+TEMPLATE = <<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+  <title><%=h exception.class %> at <%=h path %></title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
+    body * { padding:10px 20px; }
+    body * * { padding:0; }
+    body { font:small sans-serif; }
+    body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
+    h1 { font-weight:normal; }
+    h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }
+    h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
+    h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }
+    h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }
+    table {
+        border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; background:white; }
+    tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
+    thead th {
+        padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left;
+        font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }
+    tbody th { text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
+    table.vars { margin:5px 0 2px 40px; }
+    table.vars td, table.req td { font-family:monospace; }
+    table td.code { width:100%;}
+    table td.code div { overflow:hidden; }
+    table.source th { color:#666; }
+    table.source td {
+        font-family:monospace; white-space:pre; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; }
+    ul.traceback { list-style-type:none; }
+    ul.traceback li.frame { margin-bottom:1em; }
+    div.context { margin: 10px 0; }
+    div.context ol {
+        padding-left:30px; margin:0 10px; list-style-position: inside; }
+    div.context ol li {
+        font-family:monospace; white-space:pre; color:#666; cursor:pointer; }
+    div.context ol.context-line li { color:black; background-color:#ccc; }
+    div.context ol.context-line li span { float: right; }
+    div.commands { margin-left: 40px; }
+    div.commands a { color:black; text-decoration:none; }
+    #summary { background: #ffc; }
+    #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }
+    #summary ul#quicklinks { list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 2em; }
+    #summary ul#quicklinks li { float: left; padding: 0 1em; }
+    #summary ul#quicklinks>li+li { border-left: 1px #666 solid; }
+    #explanation { background:#eee; }
+    #template, #template-not-exist { background:#f6f6f6; }
+    #template-not-exist ul { margin: 0 0 0 20px; }
+    #traceback { background:#eee; }
+    #requestinfo { background:#f6f6f6; padding-left:120px; }
+    #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }
+    #requestinfo h2, #requestinfo h3 { position:relative; margin-left:-100px; }
+    #requestinfo h3 { margin-bottom:-1em; }
+    .error { background: #ffc; }
+    .specific { color:#cc3300; font-weight:bold; }
+  </style>
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+  //<!--
+    function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, strClassName){
+        // Written by Jonathan Snook, http://www.snook.ca/jon;
+        // Add-ons by Robert Nyman, http://www.robertnyman.com
+        var arrElements = (strTagName == "*" && document.all)? document.all :
+        oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName);
+        var arrReturnElements = new Array();
+        strClassName = strClassName.replace(/\-/g, "\\-");
+        var oRegExp = new RegExp("(^|\\s)" + strClassName + "(\\s|$$)");
+        var oElement;
+        for(var i=0; i<arrElements.length; i++){
+            oElement = arrElements[i];
+            if(oRegExp.test(oElement.className)){
+                arrReturnElements.push(oElement);
+            }
+        }
+        return (arrReturnElements)
+    }
+    function hideAll(elems) {
+      for (var e = 0; e < elems.length; e++) {
+        elems[e].style.display = 'none';
+      }
+    }
+    window.onload = function() {
+      hideAll(getElementsByClassName(document, 'table', 'vars'));
+      hideAll(getElementsByClassName(document, 'ol', 'pre-context'));
+      hideAll(getElementsByClassName(document, 'ol', 'post-context'));
+    }
+    function toggle() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+        var e = document.getElementById(arguments[i]);
+        if (e) {
+          e.style.display = e.style.display == 'none' ? 'block' : 'none';
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    function varToggle(link, id) {
+      toggle('v' + id);
+      var s = link.getElementsByTagName('span')[0];
+      var uarr = String.fromCharCode(0x25b6);
+      var darr = String.fromCharCode(0x25bc);
+      s.innerHTML = s.innerHTML == uarr ? darr : uarr;
+      return false;
+    }
+    //-->
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<div id="summary">
+  <h1><%=h exception.class %> at <%=h path %></h1>
+  <h2><%=h exception.message %></h2>
+  <table><tr>
+    <th>Ruby</th>
+    <td><code><%=h frames.first.filename %></code>: in <code><%=h frames.first.function %></code>, line <%=h frames.first.lineno %></td>
+  </tr><tr>
+    <th>Web</th>
+    <td><code><%=h req.request_method %> <%=h(req.host + path)%></code></td>
+  </tr></table>
+
+  <h3>Jump to:</h3>
+  <ul id="quicklinks">
+    <li><a href="#get-info">GET</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#post-info">POST</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#cookie-info">Cookies</a></li>
+    <li><a href="#env-info">ENV</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="traceback">
+  <h2>Traceback <span>(innermost first)</span></h2>
+  <ul class="traceback">
+<% frames.each { |frame| %>
+      <li class="frame">
+        <code><%=h frame.filename %></code>: in <code><%=h frame.function %></code>
+
+          <% if frame.context_line %>
+          <div class="context" id="c<%=h frame.object_id %>">
+              <% if frame.pre_context %>
+              <ol start="<%=h frame.pre_context_lineno+1 %>" class="pre-context" id="pre<%=h frame.object_id %>">
+                <% frame.pre_context.each { |line| %>
+                <li onclick="toggle('pre<%=h frame.object_id %>', 'post<%=h frame.object_id %>')"><%=h line %></li>
+                <% } %>
+              </ol>
+              <% end %>
+
+            <ol start="<%=h frame.lineno %>" class="context-line">
+              <li onclick="toggle('pre<%=h frame.object_id %>', 'post<%=h frame.object_id %>')"><%=h frame.context_line %><span>...</span></li></ol>
+
+              <% if frame.post_context %>
+              <ol start='<%=h frame.lineno+1 %>' class="post-context" id="post<%=h frame.object_id %>">
+                <% frame.post_context.each { |line| %>
+                <li onclick="toggle('pre<%=h frame.object_id %>', 'post<%=h frame.object_id %>')"><%=h line %></li>
+                <% } %>
+              </ol>
+              <% end %>
+          </div>
+          <% end %>
+      </li>
+<% } %>
+  </ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="requestinfo">
+  <h2>Request information</h2>
+
+  <h3 id="get-info">GET</h3>
+  <% unless req.GET.empty? %>
+    <table class="req">
+      <thead>
+        <tr>
+          <th>Variable</th>
+          <th>Value</th>
+        </tr>
+      </thead>
+      <tbody>
+          <% req.GET.sort_by { |k, v| k.to_s }.each { |key, val| %>
+          <tr>
+            <td><%=h key %></td>
+            <td class="code"><div><%=h val.inspect %></div></td>
+          </tr>
+          <% } %>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+  <% else %>
+    <p>No GET data.</p>
+  <% end %>
+
+  <h3 id="post-info">POST</h3>
+  <% unless req.POST.empty? %>
+    <table class="req">
+      <thead>
+        <tr>
+          <th>Variable</th>
+          <th>Value</th>
+        </tr>
+      </thead>
+      <tbody>
+          <% req.POST.sort_by { |k, v| k.to_s }.each { |key, val| %>
+          <tr>
+            <td><%=h key %></td>
+            <td class="code"><div><%=h val.inspect %></div></td>
+          </tr>
+          <% } %>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+  <% else %>
+    <p>No POST data.</p>
+  <% end %>
+
+
+  <h3 id="cookie-info">COOKIES</h3>
+  <% unless req.cookies.empty? %>
+    <table class="req">
+      <thead>
+        <tr>
+          <th>Variable</th>
+          <th>Value</th>
+        </tr>
+      </thead>
+      <tbody>
+        <% req.cookies.each { |key, val| %>
+          <tr>
+            <td><%=h key %></td>
+            <td class="code"><div><%=h val.inspect %></div></td>
+          </tr>
+        <% } %>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+  <% else %>
+    <p>No cookie data.</p>
+  <% end %>
+
+  <h3 id="env-info">Rack ENV</h3>
+    <table class="req">
+      <thead>
+        <tr>
+          <th>Variable</th>
+          <th>Value</th>
+        </tr>
+      </thead>
+      <tbody>
+          <% env.sort_by { |k, v| k.to_s }.each { |key, val| %>
+          <tr>
+            <td><%=h key %></td>
+            <td class="code"><div><%=h val %></div></td>
+          </tr>
+          <% } %>
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="explanation">
+  <p>
+    You're seeing this error because you use <code>Rack::ShowExceptions</code>.
+  </p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML
+
+    # :startdoc:
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showstatus.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showstatus.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f13404dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/showstatus.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+require 'erb'
+require 'rack/request'
+require 'rack/utils'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::ShowStatus catches all empty responses the app it wraps and
+  # replaces them with a site explaining the error.
+  #
+  # Additional details can be put into <tt>rack.showstatus.detail</tt>
+  # and will be shown as HTML.  If such details exist, the error page
+  # is always rendered, even if the reply was not empty.
+
+  class ShowStatus
+    def initialize(app)
+      @app = app
+      @template = ERB.new(TEMPLATE)
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
+      headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)
+      empty = headers['Content-Length'].to_i <= 0
+
+      # client or server error, or explicit message
+      if (status.to_i >= 400 && empty) || env["rack.showstatus.detail"]
+        req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        message = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[status.to_i] || status.to_s
+        detail = env["rack.showstatus.detail"] || message
+        body = @template.result(binding)
+        size = body.respond_to?(:bytesize) ? body.bytesize : body.size
+        [status, headers.merge("Content-Type" => "text/html", "Content-Length" => size.to_s), [body]]
+      else
+        [status, headers, body]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def h(obj)                  # :nodoc:
+      case obj
+      when String
+        Utils.escape_html(obj)
+      else
+        Utils.escape_html(obj.inspect)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # :stopdoc:
+
+# adapted from Django <djangoproject.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
+# Used under the modified BSD license:
+# http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5
+TEMPLATE = <<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+  <title><%=h message %> at <%=h req.script_name + req.path_info %></title>
+  <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE" />
+  <style type="text/css">
+    html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
+    body * { padding:10px 20px; }
+    body * * { padding:0; }
+    body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; }
+    body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
+    h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
+    h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
+    table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }
+    td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
+    th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
+    #info { background:#f6f6f6; }
+    #info ol { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
+    #info ol li { font-family: monospace; }
+    #summary { background: #ffc; }
+    #explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="summary">
+    <h1><%=h message %> <span>(<%= status.to_i %>)</span></h1>
+    <table class="meta">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request Method:</th>
+        <td><%=h req.request_method %></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Request URL:</th>
+      <td><%=h req.url %></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div>
+  <div id="info">
+    <p><%= detail %></p>
+  </div>
+
+  <div id="explanation">
+    <p>
+    You're seeing this error because you use <code>Rack::ShowStatus</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML
+
+    # :startdoc:
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/static.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/static.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..168e8f83b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/static.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+module Rack
+
+  # The Rack::Static middleware intercepts requests for static files
+  # (javascript files, images, stylesheets, etc) based on the url prefixes
+  # passed in the options, and serves them using a Rack::File object. This
+  # allows a Rack stack to serve both static and dynamic content.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/media"]
+  #     will serve all requests beginning with /media from the "media" folder
+  #     located in the current directory (ie media/*).
+  #
+  #     use Rack::Static, :urls => ["/css", "/images"], :root => "public"
+  #     will serve all requests beginning with /css or /images from the folder
+  #     "public" in the current directory (ie public/css/* and public/images/*)
+
+  class Static
+
+    def initialize(app, options={})
+      @app = app
+      @urls = options[:urls] || ["/favicon.ico"]
+      root = options[:root] || Dir.pwd
+      @file_server = Rack::File.new(root)
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"]
+      can_serve = @urls.any? { |url| path.index(url) == 0 }
+
+      if can_serve
+        @file_server.call(env)
+      else
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb1457a850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/urlmap.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+module Rack
+  # Rack::URLMap takes a hash mapping urls or paths to apps, and
+  # dispatches accordingly.  Support for HTTP/1.1 host names exists if
+  # the URLs start with <tt>http://</tt> or <tt>https://</tt>.
+  #
+  # URLMap modifies the SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO such that the part
+  # relevant for dispatch is in the SCRIPT_NAME, and the rest in the
+  # PATH_INFO.  This should be taken care of when you need to
+  # reconstruct the URL in order to create links.
+  #
+  # URLMap dispatches in such a way that the longest paths are tried
+  # first, since they are most specific.
+
+  class URLMap
+    def initialize(map)
+      @mapping = map.map { |location, app|
+        if location =~ %r{\Ahttps?://(.*?)(/.*)}
+          host, location = $1, $2
+        else
+          host = nil
+        end
+
+        unless location[0] == ?/
+          raise ArgumentError, "paths need to start with /"
+        end
+        location = location.chomp('/')
+
+        [host, location, app]
+      }.sort_by { |(h, l, a)| [-l.size, h.to_s.size] }  # Longest path first
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      path = env["PATH_INFO"].to_s.squeeze("/")
+      script_name = env['SCRIPT_NAME']
+      hHost, sName, sPort = env.values_at('HTTP_HOST','SERVER_NAME','SERVER_PORT')
+      @mapping.each { |host, location, app|
+        next unless (hHost == host || sName == host \
+          || (host.nil? && (hHost == sName || hHost == sName+':'+sPort)))
+        next unless location == path[0, location.size]
+        next unless path[location.size] == nil || path[location.size] == ?/
+
+        return app.call(
+          env.merge(
+            'SCRIPT_NAME' => (script_name + location),
+            'PATH_INFO'   => path[location.size..-1]))
+      }
+      [404, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Not Found: #{path}"]]
+    end
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/utils.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/utils.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f352cb6783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/vendor/rack-1.0/rack/utils.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+require 'set'
+require 'tempfile'
+
+module Rack
+  # Rack::Utils contains a grab-bag of useful methods for writing web
+  # applications adopted from all kinds of Ruby libraries.
+
+  module Utils
+    # Performs URI escaping so that you can construct proper
+    # query strings faster.  Use this rather than the cgi.rb
+    # version since it's faster.  (Stolen from Camping).
+    def escape(s)
+      s.to_s.gsub(/([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)/n) {
+        '%'+$1.unpack('H2'*$1.size).join('%').upcase
+      }.tr(' ', '+')
+    end
+    module_function :escape
+
+    # Unescapes a URI escaped string. (Stolen from Camping).
+    def unescape(s)
+      s.tr('+', ' ').gsub(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/n){
+        [$1.delete('%')].pack('H*')
+      }
+    end
+    module_function :unescape
+
+    # Stolen from Mongrel, with some small modifications:
+    # Parses a query string by breaking it up at the '&'
+    # and ';' characters.  You can also use this to parse
+    # cookies by changing the characters used in the second
+    # parameter (which defaults to '&;').
+    def parse_query(qs, d = '&;')
+      params = {}
+
+      (qs || '').split(/[#{d}] */n).each do |p|
+        k, v = unescape(p).split('=', 2)
+
+        if cur = params[k]
+          if cur.class == Array
+            params[k] << v
+          else
+            params[k] = [cur, v]
+          end
+        else
+          params[k] = v
+        end
+      end
+
+      return params
+    end
+    module_function :parse_query
+
+    def parse_nested_query(qs, d = '&;')
+      params = {}
+
+      (qs || '').split(/[#{d}] */n).each do |p|
+        k, v = unescape(p).split('=', 2)
+        normalize_params(params, k, v)
+      end
+
+      return params
+    end
+    module_function :parse_nested_query
+
+    def normalize_params(params, name, v = nil)
+      name =~ %r([\[\]]*([^\[\]]+)\]*)
+      k = $1 || ''
+      after = $' || ''
+
+      return if k.empty?
+
+      if after == ""
+        params[k] = v
+      elsif after == "[]"
+        params[k] ||= []
+        raise TypeError unless params[k].is_a?(Array)
+        params[k] << v
+      elsif after =~ %r(^\[\]\[([^\[\]]+)\]$) || after =~ %r(^\[\](.+)$)
+        child_key = $1
+        params[k] ||= []
+        raise TypeError unless params[k].is_a?(Array)
+        if params[k].last.is_a?(Hash) && !params[k].last.key?(child_key)
+          normalize_params(params[k].last, child_key, v)
+        else
+          params[k] << normalize_params({}, child_key, v)
+        end
+      else
+        params[k] ||= {}
+        params[k] = normalize_params(params[k], after, v)
+      end
+
+      return params
+    end
+    module_function :normalize_params
+
+    def build_query(params)
+      params.map { |k, v|
+        if v.class == Array
+          build_query(v.map { |x| [k, x] })
+        else
+          escape(k) + "=" + escape(v)
+        end
+      }.join("&")
+    end
+    module_function :build_query
+
+    # Escape ampersands, brackets and quotes to their HTML/XML entities.
+    def escape_html(string)
+      string.to_s.gsub("&", "&amp;").
+        gsub("<", "&lt;").
+        gsub(">", "&gt;").
+        gsub("'", "&#39;").
+        gsub('"', "&quot;")
+    end
+    module_function :escape_html
+
+    def select_best_encoding(available_encodings, accept_encoding)
+      # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
+
+      expanded_accept_encoding =
+        accept_encoding.map { |m, q|
+          if m == "*"
+            (available_encodings - accept_encoding.map { |m2, _| m2 }).map { |m2| [m2, q] }
+          else
+            [[m, q]]
+          end
+        }.inject([]) { |mem, list|
+          mem + list
+        }
+
+      encoding_candidates = expanded_accept_encoding.sort_by { |_, q| -q }.map { |m, _| m }
+
+      unless encoding_candidates.include?("identity")
+        encoding_candidates.push("identity")
+      end
+
+      expanded_accept_encoding.find_all { |m, q|
+        q == 0.0
+      }.each { |m, _|
+        encoding_candidates.delete(m)
+      }
+
+      return (encoding_candidates & available_encodings)[0]
+    end
+    module_function :select_best_encoding
+
+    # Context allows the use of a compatible middleware at different points
+    # in a request handling stack. A compatible middleware must define
+    # #context which should take the arguments env and app. The first of which
+    # would be the request environment. The second of which would be the rack
+    # application that the request would be forwarded to.
+    class Context
+      attr_reader :for, :app
+
+      def initialize(app_f, app_r)
+        raise 'running context does not respond to #context' unless app_f.respond_to? :context
+        @for, @app = app_f, app_r
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        @for.context(env, @app)
+      end
+
+      def recontext(app)
+        self.class.new(@for, app)
+      end
+
+      def context(env, app=@app)
+        recontext(app).call(env)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A case-insensitive Hash that preserves the original case of a
+    # header when set.
+    class HeaderHash < Hash
+      def initialize(hash={})
+        @names = {}
+        hash.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+      end
+
+      def to_hash
+        inject({}) do |hash, (k,v)|
+          if v.respond_to? :to_ary
+            hash[k] = v.to_ary.join("\n")
+          else
+            hash[k] = v
+          end
+          hash
+        end
+      end
+
+      def [](k)
+        super @names[k.downcase]
+      end
+
+      def []=(k, v)
+        delete k
+        @names[k.downcase] = k
+        super k, v
+      end
+
+      def delete(k)
+        super @names.delete(k.downcase)
+      end
+
+      def include?(k)
+        @names.has_key? k.downcase
+      end
+
+      alias_method :has_key?, :include?
+      alias_method :member?, :include?
+      alias_method :key?, :include?
+
+      def merge!(other)
+        other.each { |k, v| self[k] = v }
+        self
+      end
+
+      def merge(other)
+        hash = dup
+        hash.merge! other
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Every standard HTTP code mapped to the appropriate message.
+    # Stolen from Mongrel.
+    HTTP_STATUS_CODES = {
+      100  => 'Continue',
+      101  => 'Switching Protocols',
+      200  => 'OK',
+      201  => 'Created',
+      202  => 'Accepted',
+      203  => 'Non-Authoritative Information',
+      204  => 'No Content',
+      205  => 'Reset Content',
+      206  => 'Partial Content',
+      300  => 'Multiple Choices',
+      301  => 'Moved Permanently',
+      302  => 'Found',
+      303  => 'See Other',
+      304  => 'Not Modified',
+      305  => 'Use Proxy',
+      307  => 'Temporary Redirect',
+      400  => 'Bad Request',
+      401  => 'Unauthorized',
+      402  => 'Payment Required',
+      403  => 'Forbidden',
+      404  => 'Not Found',
+      405  => 'Method Not Allowed',
+      406  => 'Not Acceptable',
+      407  => 'Proxy Authentication Required',
+      408  => 'Request Timeout',
+      409  => 'Conflict',
+      410  => 'Gone',
+      411  => 'Length Required',
+      412  => 'Precondition Failed',
+      413  => 'Request Entity Too Large',
+      414  => 'Request-URI Too Large',
+      415  => 'Unsupported Media Type',
+      416  => 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
+      417  => 'Expectation Failed',
+      500  => 'Internal Server Error',
+      501  => 'Not Implemented',
+      502  => 'Bad Gateway',
+      503  => 'Service Unavailable',
+      504  => 'Gateway Timeout',
+      505  => 'HTTP Version Not Supported'
+    }
+
+    # Responses with HTTP status codes that should not have an entity body
+    STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY = Set.new((100..199).to_a << 204 << 304)
+
+    # A multipart form data parser, adapted from IOWA.
+    #
+    # Usually, Rack::Request#POST takes care of calling this.
+
+    module Multipart
+      EOL = "\r\n"
+
+      def self.parse_multipart(env)
+        unless env['CONTENT_TYPE'] =~
+            %r|\Amultipart/form-data.*boundary=\"?([^\";,]+)\"?|n
+          nil
+        else
+          boundary = "--#{$1}"
+
+          params = {}
+          buf = ""
+          content_length = env['CONTENT_LENGTH'].to_i
+          input = env['rack.input']
+
+          boundary_size = boundary.size + EOL.size
+          bufsize = 16384
+
+          content_length -= boundary_size
+
+          status = input.read(boundary_size)
+          raise EOFError, "bad content body"  unless status == boundary + EOL
+
+          rx = /(?:#{EOL})?#{Regexp.quote boundary}(#{EOL}|--)/n
+
+          loop {
+            head = nil
+            body = ''
+            filename = content_type = name = nil
+
+            until head && buf =~ rx
+              if !head && i = buf.index("\r\n\r\n")
+                head = buf.slice!(0, i+2) # First \r\n
+                buf.slice!(0, 2)          # Second \r\n
+
+                filename = head[/Content-Disposition:.* filename="?([^\";]*)"?/ni, 1]
+                content_type = head[/Content-Type: (.*)\r\n/ni, 1]
+                name = head[/Content-Disposition:.* name="?([^\";]*)"?/ni, 1]
+
+                if filename
+                  body = Tempfile.new("RackMultipart")
+                  body.binmode  if body.respond_to?(:binmode)
+                end
+
+                next
+              end
+
+              # Save the read body part.
+              if head && (boundary_size+4 < buf.size)
+                body << buf.slice!(0, buf.size - (boundary_size+4))
+              end
+
+              c = input.read(bufsize < content_length ? bufsize : content_length)
+              raise EOFError, "bad content body"  if c.nil? || c.empty?
+              buf << c
+              content_length -= c.size
+            end
+
+            # Save the rest.
+            if i = buf.index(rx)
+              body << buf.slice!(0, i)
+              buf.slice!(0, boundary_size+2)
+
+              content_length = -1  if $1 == "--"
+            end
+
+            if filename == ""
+              # filename is blank which means no file has been selected
+              data = nil
+            elsif filename
+              body.rewind
+
+              # Take the basename of the upload's original filename.
+              # This handles the full Windows paths given by Internet Explorer
+              # (and perhaps other broken user agents) without affecting
+              # those which give the lone filename.
+              filename =~ /^(?:.*[:\\\/])?(.*)/m
+              filename = $1
+
+              data = {:filename => filename, :type => content_type,
+                      :name => name, :tempfile => body, :head => head}
+            else
+              data = body
+            end
+
+            Utils.normalize_params(params, name, data)
+
+            break  if buf.empty? || content_length == -1
+          }
+
+          begin
+            input.rewind if input.respond_to?(:rewind)
+          rescue Errno::ESPIPE
+            # Handles exceptions raised by input streams that cannot be rewound
+            # such as when using plain CGI under Apache
+          end
+
+          params
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/verification.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/verification.rb
index 7bf09ba6ea..c62b81b666 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/verification.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/verification.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     def verify_action(options) #:nodoc:
       if prereqs_invalid?(options)
         flash.update(options[:add_flash])              if options[:add_flash]
-        response.headers.update(options[:add_headers]) if options[:add_headers]
+        response.headers.merge!(options[:add_headers]) if options[:add_headers]
         apply_remaining_actions(options)               unless performed?
       end
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view.rb
index 0b710bd8d9..1f1ff9dd05 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view.rb
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ module ActionView
   autoload :Renderable, 'action_view/renderable'
   autoload :RenderablePartial, 'action_view/renderable_partial'
   autoload :Template, 'action_view/template'
+  autoload :ReloadableTemplate, 'action_view/reloadable_template'
   autoload :TemplateError, 'action_view/template_error'
   autoload :TemplateHandler, 'action_view/template_handler'
   autoload :TemplateHandlers, 'action_view/template_handlers'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
index 70a0ba91a7..4198725e0d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
@@ -182,6 +182,15 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     # that alert()s the caught exception (and then re-raises it).
     cattr_accessor :debug_rjs
 
+    # Specify whether templates should be cached. Otherwise the file we be read everytime it is accessed.
+    # Automaticaly reloading templates are not thread safe and should only be used in development mode.
+    @@cache_template_loading = false
+    cattr_accessor :cache_template_loading
+
+    def self.cache_template_loading?
+      ActionController::Base.allow_concurrency || cache_template_loading
+    end
+
     attr_internal :request
 
     delegate :request_forgery_protection_token, :template, :params, :session, :cookies, :response, :headers,
@@ -222,6 +231,8 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
 
     def view_paths=(paths)
       @view_paths = self.class.process_view_paths(paths)
+      # we might be using ReloadableTemplates, so we need to let them know this a new request
+      @view_paths.load!
     end
 
     # Returns the result of a render that's dictated by the options hash. The primary options are:
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/date_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/date_helper.rb
index b4c1adbe76..b7ef1fb90d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/date_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/date_helper.rb
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ module ActionView
         end
 
         def default_datetime(options)
-          return if options[:include_blank]
+          return if options[:include_blank] || options[:prompt]
 
           case options[:default]
             when nil
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
index 37400bdbf7..4fef2b443e 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
@@ -755,7 +755,9 @@ module ActionView
         end
         options["checked"] = "checked" if checked
         add_default_name_and_id(options)
-        tag("input", options) << tag("input", "name" => options["name"], "type" => "hidden", "value" => options['disabled'] && checked ? checked_value : unchecked_value)
+        hidden = tag("input", "name" => options["name"], "type" => "hidden", "value" => options['disabled'] && checked ? checked_value : unchecked_value)
+        checkbox = tag("input", options)
+        hidden + checkbox
       end
 
       def to_boolean_select_tag(options = {})
@@ -964,24 +966,34 @@ module ActionView
         def fields_for_with_nested_attributes(association_name, args, block)
           name = "#{object_name}[#{association_name}_attributes]"
           association = @object.send(association_name)
+          explicit_object = args.first if args.first.respond_to?(:new_record?)
 
           if association.is_a?(Array)
-            children = args.first.respond_to?(:new_record?) ? [args.first] : association
+            children = explicit_object ? [explicit_object] : association
+            explicit_child_index = args.last[:child_index] if args.last.is_a?(Hash)
 
             children.map do |child|
-              child_name = "#{name}[#{ child.new_record? ? new_child_id : child.id }]"
-              @template.fields_for(child_name, child, *args, &block)
+              fields_for_nested_model("#{name}[#{explicit_child_index || nested_child_index}]", child, args, block)
             end.join
           else
-            object = args.first.respond_to?(:new_record?) ? args.first : association
+            fields_for_nested_model(name, explicit_object || association, args, block)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def fields_for_nested_model(name, object, args, block)
+          if object.new_record?
             @template.fields_for(name, object, *args, &block)
+          else
+            @template.fields_for(name, object, *args) do |builder|
+              @template.concat builder.hidden_field(:id)
+              block.call(builder)
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        def new_child_id
-          value = (@child_counter ||= 1)
-          @child_counter += 1
-          "new_#{value}"
+        def nested_child_index
+          @nested_child_index ||= -1
+          @nested_child_index += 1
         end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb
index 54c82cbd1d..6b385ef77d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ module ActionView
   module Helpers
     # Provides a number of methods for turning different kinds of containers into a set of option tags.
     # == Options
-    # The <tt>collection_select</tt>, <tt>country_select</tt>, <tt>select</tt>,
-    # and <tt>time_zone_select</tt> methods take an <tt>options</tt> parameter,
-    # a hash.
+    # The <tt>collection_select</tt>, <tt>select</tt> and <tt>time_zone_select</tt> methods take an <tt>options</tt> parameter, a hash:
     #
     # * <tt>:include_blank</tt> - set to true or a prompt string if the first option element of the select element is a blank. Useful if there is not a default value required for the select element.
     #
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ module ActionView
     #
     # Example with @post.person_id => 2:
     #
-    #   select("post", "person_id", Person.find(:all).collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:include_blank => 'None'})
+    #   select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:include_blank => 'None'})
     #
     # could become:
     #
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ module ActionView
     #
     # Example:
     #
-    #   select("post", "person_id", Person.find(:all).collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:prompt => 'Select Person'})
+    #   select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {:prompt => 'Select Person'})
     #
     # could become:
     #
@@ -68,6 +66,36 @@ module ActionView
     #     <option value="rock">rock</option>
     #     <option value="country">country</option>
     #   </select>
+    #
+    # * <tt>:disabled</tt> - can be a single value or an array of values that will be disabled options in the final output.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   select("post", "category", Post::CATEGORIES, {:disabled => 'restricted'})
+    #
+    # could become:
+    #
+    #   <select name="post[category]">
+    #     <option></option>
+    #     <option>joke</option>
+    #     <option>poem</option>
+    #     <option disabled="disabled">restricted</option>
+    #   </select>
+    #
+    # When used with the <tt>collection_select</tt> helper, <tt>:disabled</tt> can also be a Proc that identifies those options that should be disabled.
+    #
+    # Example:
+    #
+    #   collection_select(:post, :category_id, Category.all, :id, :name, {:disabled => lambda{|category| category.archived? }})
+    #
+    # If the categories "2008 stuff" and "Christmas" return true when the method <tt>archived?</tt> is called, this would return:
+    #   <select name="post[category_id]">
+    #     <option value="1" disabled="disabled">2008 stuff</option>
+    #     <option value="2" disabled="disabled">Christmas</option>
+    #     <option value="3">Jokes</option>
+    #     <option value="4">Poems</option>
+    #   </select>
+    #
     module FormOptionsHelper
       include ERB::Util
 
@@ -76,7 +104,7 @@ module ActionView
       # See options_for_select for the required format of the choices parameter.
       #
       # Example with @post.person_id => 1:
-      #   select("post", "person_id", Person.find(:all).collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, { :include_blank => true })
+      #   select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, { :include_blank => true })
       #
       # could become:
       #
@@ -94,7 +122,8 @@ module ActionView
       # In addition, this allows a single partial to be used to generate form inputs for both edit and create forms.
       #
       # By default, <tt>post.person_id</tt> is the selected option.  Specify <tt>:selected => value</tt> to use a different selection
-      # or <tt>:selected => nil</tt> to leave all options unselected.
+      # or <tt>:selected => nil</tt> to leave all options unselected. Similarly, you can specify values to be disabled in the option
+      # tags by specifying the <tt>:disabled</tt> option. This can either be a single value or an array of values to be disabled.
       def select(object, method, choices, options = {}, html_options = {})
         InstanceTag.new(object, method, self, options.delete(:object)).to_select_tag(choices, options, html_options)
       end
@@ -120,7 +149,7 @@ module ActionView
       #   end
       #
       # Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Post, <tt>@post</tt>):
-      #   collection_select(:post, :author_id, Author.find(:all), :id, :name_with_initial, {:prompt => true})
+      #   collection_select(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial, {:prompt => true})
       #
       # If <tt>@post.author_id</tt> is already <tt>1</tt>, this would return:
       #   <select name="post[author_id]">
@@ -186,14 +215,29 @@ module ActionView
       #   options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard", "Discover" ], ["VISA", "Discover"])
       #     <option selected="selected">VISA</option>\n<option>MasterCard</option>\n<option selected="selected">Discover</option>
       #
+      # If you wish to specify disabled option tags, set +selected+ to be a hash, with <tt>:disabled</tt> being either a value
+      # or array of values to be disabled. In this case, you can use <tt>:selected</tt> to specify selected option tags.
+      #
+      # Examples:
+      #   options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :disabled => "Super Platinum")
+      #     <option value="Free">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
+      #
+      #   options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :disabled => ["Advanced", "Super Platinum"])
+      #     <option value="Free">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced" disabled="disabled">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
+      #
+      #   options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], :selected => "Free", :disabled => "Super Platinum")
+      #     <option value="Free" selected="selected">Free</option>\n<option value="Basic">Basic</option>\n<option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>\n<option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
+      #
       # NOTE: Only the option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML select tag.
       def options_for_select(container, selected = nil)
         container = container.to_a if Hash === container
+        selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected)
 
         options_for_select = container.inject([]) do |options, element|
           text, value = option_text_and_value(element)
           selected_attribute = ' selected="selected"' if option_value_selected?(value, selected)
-          options << %(<option value="#{html_escape(value.to_s)}"#{selected_attribute}>#{html_escape(text.to_s)}</option>)
+          disabled_attribute = ' disabled="disabled"' if disabled && option_value_selected?(value, disabled)
+          options << %(<option value="#{html_escape(value.to_s)}"#{selected_attribute}#{disabled_attribute}>#{html_escape(text.to_s)}</option>)
         end
 
         options_for_select.join("\n")
@@ -209,8 +253,15 @@ module ActionView
       # This is more often than not used inside a #select_tag like this example:
       #   select_tag 'person', options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name')
       #
-      # If +selected+ is specified, the element returning a match on +value_method+ will get the selected option tag.
-      # Be sure to specify the same class as the +value_method+ when specifying a selected option.
+      # If +selected+ is specified as a value or array of values, the element(s) returning a match on +value_method+
+      # will be selected option tag(s).
+      #
+      # If +selected+ is specified as a Proc, those members of the collection that return true for the anonymous
+      # function are the selected values.
+      #
+      # +selected+ can also be a hash, specifying both <tt>:selected</tt> and/or <tt>:disabled</tt> values as required.
+      #
+      # Be sure to specify the same class as the +value_method+ when specifying selected or disabled options.
       # Failure to do this will produce undesired results. Example:
       #   options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name', '1')
       # Will not select a person with the id of 1 because 1 (an Integer) is not the same as '1' (a string)
@@ -220,7 +271,12 @@ module ActionView
         options = collection.map do |element|
           [element.send(text_method), element.send(value_method)]
         end
-        options_for_select(options, selected)
+        selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected)
+        select_deselect = {}
+        select_deselect[:selected] = extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, selected)
+        select_deselect[:disabled] = extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, disabled)
+
+        options_for_select(options, select_deselect)
       end
 
       # Returns a string of <tt><option></tt> tags, like <tt>options_from_collection_for_select</tt>, but
@@ -238,7 +294,8 @@ module ActionView
       #   +collection+, returns a value to be used as the contents of its <tt><option></tt> tag.
       # * +selected_key+ - A value equal to the +value+ attribute for one of the <tt><option></tt> tags,
       #   which will have the +selected+ attribute set. Corresponds to the return value of one of the calls
-      #   to +option_key_method+. If +nil+, no selection is made.
+      #   to +option_key_method+. If +nil+, no selection is made. Can also be a hash if disabled values are
+      #   to be specified.
       #
       # Example object structure for use with this method:
       #   class Continent < ActiveRecord::Base
@@ -388,6 +445,24 @@ module ActionView
             value == selected
           end
         end
+
+        def extract_selected_and_disabled(selected)
+          if selected.is_a?(Hash)
+            [selected[:selected], selected[:disabled]]
+          else
+            [selected, nil]
+          end
+        end
+
+        def extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, selected)
+          if selected.is_a?(Proc)
+            collection.map do |element|
+              element.send(value_method) if selected.call(element)
+            end.compact
+          else
+            selected
+          end
+        end
     end
 
     class InstanceTag #:nodoc:
@@ -398,16 +473,18 @@ module ActionView
         add_default_name_and_id(html_options)
         value = value(object)
         selected_value = options.has_key?(:selected) ? options[:selected] : value
-        content_tag("select", add_options(options_for_select(choices, selected_value), options, selected_value), html_options)
+        disabled_value = options.has_key?(:disabled) ? options[:disabled] : nil
+        content_tag("select", add_options(options_for_select(choices, :selected => selected_value, :disabled => disabled_value), options, selected_value), html_options)
       end
 
       def to_collection_select_tag(collection, value_method, text_method, options, html_options)
         html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
         add_default_name_and_id(html_options)
         value = value(object)
+        disabled_value = options.has_key?(:disabled) ? options[:disabled] : nil
         selected_value = options.has_key?(:selected) ? options[:selected] : value
         content_tag(
-          "select", add_options(options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, selected_value), options, value), html_options
+          "select", add_options(options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, :selected => selected_value, :disabled => disabled_value), options, value), html_options
         )
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb
index b1eb6891fa..63fe0c1c57 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ module ActionView
           text
         else
           match = Array(phrases).map { |p| Regexp.escape(p) }.join('|')
-          text.gsub(/(#{match})(?!(?:[^<]*?)?(?:["'])[^<>]*>)/i, options[:highlighter])
+          text.gsub(/(#{match})(?!(?:[^<]*?)(?:["'])[^<>]*>)/i, options[:highlighter])
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
index dc41ef5305..4aed10f640 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
@@ -3,19 +3,37 @@ require 'action_view/helpers/tag_helper'
 module ActionView
   module Helpers
     module TranslationHelper
+      # Delegates to I18n#translate but also performs two additional functions. First, it'll catch MissingTranslationData exceptions 
+      # and turn them into inline spans that contains the missing key, such that you can see in a view what is missing where.
+      #
+      # Second, it'll scope the key by the current partial if the key starts with a period. So if you call translate(".foo") from the
+      # people/index.html.erb template, you'll actually be calling I18n.translate("people.index.foo"). This makes it less repetitive
+      # to translate many keys within the same partials and gives you a simple framework for scoping them consistently. If you don't
+      # prepend the key with a period, nothing is converted.
       def translate(key, options = {})
         options[:raise] = true
-        I18n.translate(key, options)
+        I18n.translate(scope_key_by_partial(key), options)
       rescue I18n::MissingTranslationData => e
         keys = I18n.send(:normalize_translation_keys, e.locale, e.key, e.options[:scope])
         content_tag('span', keys.join(', '), :class => 'translation_missing')
       end
       alias :t :translate
 
+      # Delegates to I18n.localize with no additional functionality.
       def localize(*args)
         I18n.localize *args
       end
       alias :l :localize
+
+
+      private
+        def scope_key_by_partial(key)
+          if key.to_s.first == "."
+            template.path_without_format_and_extension.gsub(%r{/_?}, ".") + key.to_s
+          else
+            key
+          end
+        end
     end
   end
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
index c7d6fd696a..41f9f486e5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
   class PathSet < Array #:nodoc:
     def self.type_cast(obj)
       if obj.is_a?(String)
-        if !Object.const_defined?(:Rails) || Rails.configuration.cache_classes
-          Template::EagerPath.new(obj)
+        if Base.cache_template_loading?
+          Template::EagerPath.new(obj.to_s)
         else
-          Template::Path.new(obj)
+          ReloadableTemplate::ReloadablePath.new(obj.to_s)
         end
       else
         obj
       end
     end
-
+    
     def initialize(*args)
       super(*args).map! { |obj| self.class.type_cast(obj) }
     end
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     def unshift(*objs)
       super(*objs.map { |obj| self.class.type_cast(obj) })
     end
+    
+    def load!
+      each(&:load!)
+    end
 
     def find_template(original_template_path, format = nil)
       return original_template_path if original_template_path.respond_to?(:render)
@@ -50,12 +54,16 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
         elsif template = load_path[template_path]
           return template
         # Try to find html version if the format is javascript
+        elsif format == :js && template = load_path["#{template_path}.#{I18n.locale}.html"]
+          return template
         elsif format == :js && template = load_path["#{template_path}.html"]
           return template
         end
       end
 
-      Template.new(original_template_path, self)
+      return Template.new(original_template_path, original_template_path =~ /\A\// ? "" : ".") if File.file?(original_template_path)
+
+      raise MissingTemplate.new(self, original_template_path, format)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/reloadable_template.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/reloadable_template.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3081be60fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/reloadable_template.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+module ActionView #:nodoc:
+  class ReloadableTemplate < Template
+
+    class TemplateDeleted < ActionView::ActionViewError
+    end
+
+    class ReloadablePath < Template::Path
+
+      def initialize(path)
+        super
+        @paths = {}
+        new_request!
+      end
+
+      def new_request!
+        @disk_cache = {}
+      end
+      alias_method :load!, :new_request!
+
+      def [](path)
+        if found_template = @paths[path]
+          begin
+            found_template.reset_cache_if_stale!
+          rescue TemplateDeleted
+            unregister_template(found_template)
+            self[path]
+          end
+        else
+          load_all_templates_from_dir(templates_dir_from_path(path))
+          @paths[path]
+        end
+      end
+
+      def register_template_from_file(template_file_path)
+        if !@paths[template_relative_path = template_file_path.split("#{@path}/").last] && File.file?(template_file_path)
+          register_template(ReloadableTemplate.new(template_relative_path, self))
+        end
+      end
+
+      def register_template(template)
+        template.accessible_paths.each do |path|
+          @paths[path] = template
+        end
+      end
+
+      # remove (probably deleted) template from cache
+      def unregister_template(template)
+        template.accessible_paths.each do |template_path|
+          @paths.delete(template_path) if @paths[template_path] == template
+        end
+        # fill in any newly created gaps
+        @paths.values.uniq.each do |template|
+          template.accessible_paths.each {|path| @paths[path] ||= template}
+        end
+      end
+
+      # load all templates from the directory of the requested template
+      def load_all_templates_from_dir(dir)
+        # hit disk only once per template-dir/request
+        @disk_cache[dir] ||= template_files_from_dir(dir).each {|template_file| register_template_from_file(template_file)}
+      end
+
+      def templates_dir_from_path(path)
+        dirname = File.dirname(path)
+        File.join(@path, dirname == '.' ? '' : dirname)
+      end
+
+      # get all the template filenames from the dir
+      def template_files_from_dir(dir)
+        Dir.glob(File.join(dir, '*'))
+      end
+
+    end
+
+    module Unfreezable
+      def freeze; self; end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(*args)
+      super
+      @compiled_methods = []
+      
+      # we don't ever want to get frozen
+      extend Unfreezable
+    end
+
+    def mtime
+      File.mtime(filename)
+    end
+
+    attr_accessor :previously_last_modified
+
+    def stale?
+      previously_last_modified.nil? || previously_last_modified < mtime
+    rescue Errno::ENOENT => e
+      undef_my_compiled_methods!
+      raise TemplateDeleted
+    end
+
+    def reset_cache_if_stale!
+      if stale?
+        flush_cache 'source', 'compiled_source'
+        undef_my_compiled_methods!
+        @previously_last_modified = mtime
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    def undef_my_compiled_methods!
+      @compiled_methods.each {|comp_method| ActionView::Base::CompiledTemplates.send(:remove_method, comp_method)}
+      @compiled_methods.clear
+    end
+
+    def compile!(render_symbol, local_assigns)
+      super
+      @compiled_methods << render_symbol
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/renderable.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/renderable.rb
index 153e14f68b..41080ed629 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/renderable.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/renderable.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+
 module ActionView
   # NOTE: The template that this mixin is being included into is frozen
   # so you cannot set or modify any instance variables
@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ module ActionView
     def compiled_source
       handler.call(self)
     end
-    memoize :compiled_source
 
     def method_name_without_locals
       ['_run', extension, method_segment].compact.join('_')
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ module ActionView
 
         begin
           ActionView::Base::CompiledTemplates.module_eval(source, filename, 0)
+        rescue Errno::ENOENT => e
+          raise e # Missing template file, re-raise for Base to rescue
         rescue Exception => e # errors from template code
           if logger = defined?(ActionController) && Base.logger
             logger.debug "ERROR: compiling #{render_symbol} RAISED #{e}"
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template.rb
index 553158b82a..b8e2165ddf 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
 
       def initialize(path)
         raise ArgumentError, "path already is a Path class" if path.is_a?(Path)
-        @path = path.freeze
+        @path = expand_path(path).freeze
+      end
+
+      def expand_path(path)
+        # collapse any directory dots in path ('.' or '..')
+        path.starts_with?('/') ? File.expand_path(path) : File.expand_path(path, '/').from(1)
       end
 
       def to_s
@@ -39,30 +44,26 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       # etc. A format must be supplied to match a formated file. +hello/index+
       # will never match +hello/index.html.erb+.
       def [](path)
-        templates_in_path do |template|
-          if template.accessible_paths.include?(path)
-            return template
-          end
-        end
-        nil
       end
-
-      private
-        def templates_in_path
-          (Dir.glob("#{@path}/**/*/**") | Dir.glob("#{@path}/**")).each do |file|
-            yield create_template(file) unless File.directory?(file)
-          end
-        end
-
-        def create_template(file)
-          Template.new(file.split("#{self}/").last, self)
+      
+      def load!
+      end
+      
+      def self.new_and_loaded(path)
+        returning new(path) do |path|
+          path.load!
         end
+      end
     end
 
     class EagerPath < Path
       def initialize(path)
         super
+      end
 
+      def load!
+        return if @loaded
+        
         @paths = {}
         templates_in_path do |template|
           template.load!
@@ -71,11 +72,24 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
           end
         end
         @paths.freeze
+        @loaded = true
       end
 
       def [](path)
+        load! unless @loaded
         @paths[path]
       end
+      
+      private
+        def templates_in_path
+          (Dir.glob("#{@path}/**/*/**") | Dir.glob("#{@path}/**")).each do |file|
+            yield create_template(file) unless File.directory?(file)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def create_template(file)
+          Template.new(file.split("#{self}/").last, self)
+        end
     end
 
     extend TemplateHandlers
@@ -97,9 +111,9 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     attr_accessor :locale, :name, :format, :extension
     delegate :to_s, :to => :path
 
-    def initialize(template_path, load_paths = [])
+    def initialize(template_path, load_path)
       template_path = template_path.dup
-      @load_path, @filename = find_full_path(template_path, load_paths)
+      @load_path, @filename = load_path, File.join(load_path, template_path)
       @base_path, @name, @locale, @format, @extension = split(template_path)
       @base_path.to_s.gsub!(/\/$/, '') # Push to split method
 
@@ -163,11 +177,6 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       @@exempt_from_layout.any? { |exempted| path =~ exempted }
     end
 
-    def mtime
-      File.mtime(filename)
-    end
-    memoize :mtime
-
     def source
       File.read(filename)
     end
@@ -190,16 +199,7 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       end
     end
 
-    def stale?
-      File.mtime(filename) > mtime
-    end
-
-    def recompile?
-      !@cached
-    end
-
     def load!
-      @cached = true
       freeze
     end
 
@@ -212,15 +212,6 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
         I18n.available_locales.include?(locale.to_sym)
       end
 
-      def find_full_path(path, load_paths)
-        load_paths = Array(load_paths) + [nil]
-        load_paths.each do |load_path|
-          file = load_path ? "#{load_path.to_str}/#{path}" : path
-          return load_path, file if File.file?(file)
-        end
-        raise MissingTemplate.new(load_paths, path)
-      end
-
       # Returns file split into an array
       #   [base_path, name, locale, format, extension]
       def split(file)
@@ -236,24 +227,24 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
         format = nil
         extension = nil
 
-        if m = extensions.match(/^(\w+)?\.?(\w+)?\.?(\w+)?\.?/)
-          if valid_locale?(m[1]) && m[2] && valid_extension?(m[3]) # All three
-            locale = m[1]
-            format = m[2]
-            extension = m[3]
-          elsif m[1] && m[2] && valid_extension?(m[3]) # Multipart formats
-            format = "#{m[1]}.#{m[2]}"
-            extension = m[3]
-          elsif valid_locale?(m[1]) && valid_extension?(m[2]) # locale and extension
-            locale = m[1]
-            extension = m[2]
-          elsif valid_extension?(m[2]) # format and extension
+        if m = extensions.split(".")
+          if valid_locale?(m[0]) && m[1] && valid_extension?(m[2]) # All three
+            locale = m[0]
             format = m[1]
             extension = m[2]
-          elsif valid_extension?(m[1]) # Just extension
+          elsif m[0] && m[1] && valid_extension?(m[2]) # Multipart formats
+            format = "#{m[0]}.#{m[1]}"
+            extension = m[2]
+          elsif valid_locale?(m[0]) && valid_extension?(m[1]) # locale and extension
+            locale = m[0]
             extension = m[1]
+          elsif valid_extension?(m[1]) # format and extension
+            format = m[0]
+            extension = m[1]
+          elsif valid_extension?(m[0]) # Just extension
+            extension = m[0]
           else # No extension
-            format = m[1]
+            format = m[0]
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/abstract_unit.rb b/actionpack/test/abstract_unit.rb
index c3717a60b8..cdeee934d0 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/abstract_unit.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/abstract_unit.rb
@@ -34,7 +34,12 @@ ActionController::Base.session_store = nil
 
 # Register danish language for testing
 I18n.backend.store_translations 'da', {}
+I18n.backend.store_translations 'pt-BR', {}
 ORIGINAL_LOCALES = I18n.available_locales.map(&:to_s).sort
 
 FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'fixtures')
+ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading = true
 ActionController::Base.view_paths = FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH
+CACHED_VIEW_PATHS = ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading? ?
+                      ActionController::Base.view_paths :
+                      ActionController::Base.view_paths.map {|path| ActionView::Template::EagerPath.new(path.to_s)}
diff --git a/actionpack/test/active_record_unit.rb b/actionpack/test/active_record_unit.rb
index d8d2e00dc2..9e0c66055d 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/active_record_unit.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/active_record_unit.rb
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ class ActiveRecordTestConnector
         if Object.const_defined?(:ActiveRecord)
           defaults = { :database => ':memory:' }
           begin
-            options = defaults.merge :adapter => 'sqlite3', :timeout => 500
+            adapter = defined?(JRUBY_VERSION) ? 'jdbcsqlite3' : 'sqlite3'
+            options = defaults.merge :adapter => adapter, :timeout => 500
             ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(options)
             ActiveRecord::Base.configurations = { 'sqlite3_ar_integration' => options }
             ActiveRecord::Base.connection
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/cookie_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/cookie_test.rb
index 9508348ca1..657be3c4e4 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/cookie_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/cookie_test.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class CookieTest < ActionController::TestCase
     end
 
     def authenticate_with_http_only
-      cookies["user_name"] = { :value => "david", :http_only => true }
+      cookies["user_name"] = { :value => "david", :httponly => true }
     end
 
     def rescue_action(e)
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/http_digest_authentication_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/http_digest_authentication_test.rb
index 59f7a403b5..4913e7633b 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/http_digest_authentication_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/http_digest_authentication_test.rb
@@ -107,6 +107,15 @@ class HttpDigestAuthenticationTest < ActionController::TestCase
     assert_equal 'Definitely Maybe', @response.body
   end
 
+   test "authentication request with relative URI" do
+    @request.env['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] = encode_credentials(:uri => "/", :username => 'pretty', :password => 'please')
+    get :display
+
+    assert_response :success
+    assert assigns(:logged_in)
+    assert_equal 'Definitely Maybe', @response.body
+  end
+
   private
 
   def encode_credentials(options)
@@ -120,7 +129,7 @@ class HttpDigestAuthenticationTest < ActionController::TestCase
 
     credentials = decode_credentials(@response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'])
     credentials.merge!(options)
-    credentials.merge!(:uri => "http://#{@request.host}#{@request.env['REQUEST_URI']}")
+    credentials.reverse_merge!(:uri => "http://#{@request.host}#{@request.env['REQUEST_URI']}")
     ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Digest.encode_credentials("GET", credentials, password)
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/integration_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/integration_test.rb
index 57517e45a7..b3f40fbe95 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/integration_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/integration_test.rb
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class IntegrationProcessTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       assert_equal "Gone", status_message
       assert_response 410
       assert_response :gone
-      assert_equal ["cookie_1=; path=/", "cookie_3=chocolate; path=/"], headers["Set-Cookie"]
+      assert_equal "cookie_1=; path=/\ncookie_3=chocolate; path=/", headers["Set-Cookie"]
       assert_equal({"cookie_1"=>"", "cookie_2"=>"oatmeal", "cookie_3"=>"chocolate"}, cookies)
       assert_equal "Gone", response.body
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/rack_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/rack_test.rb
index e458ab6738..b550d3db78 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/rack_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/rack_test.rb
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class RackResponseTest < BaseRackTest
       "Content-Type" => "text/html; charset=utf-8",
       "Cache-Control" => "private, max-age=0, must-revalidate",
       "ETag" => '"65a8e27d8879283831b664bd8b7f0ad4"',
-      "Set-Cookie" => [],
+      "Set-Cookie" => "",
       "Content-Length" => "13"
     }, headers)
 
@@ -228,6 +228,21 @@ class RackResponseTest < BaseRackTest
     assert_equal ["Hello, World!"], parts
   end
 
+  def test_utf8_output
+    @response.body = [1090, 1077, 1089, 1090].pack("U*")
+    @response.prepare!
+
+    status, headers, body = @response.to_a
+    assert_equal 200, status
+    assert_equal({
+      "Content-Type" => "text/html; charset=utf-8",
+      "Cache-Control" => "private, max-age=0, must-revalidate",
+      "ETag" => '"ebb5e89e8a94e9dd22abf5d915d112b2"',
+      "Set-Cookie" => "",
+      "Content-Length" => "8"
+    }, headers)
+  end
+
   def test_streaming_block
     @response.body = Proc.new do |response, output|
       5.times { |n| output.write(n) }
@@ -238,9 +253,8 @@ class RackResponseTest < BaseRackTest
     assert_equal 200, status
     assert_equal({
       "Content-Type" => "text/html; charset=utf-8",
-      "Content-Length" => "",
       "Cache-Control" => "no-cache",
-      "Set-Cookie" => []
+      "Set-Cookie" => ""
     }, headers)
 
     parts = []
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/rescue_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/rescue_test.rb
index d7c9499157..5709f37e05 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/rescue_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/rescue_test.rb
@@ -198,13 +198,6 @@ class RescueControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_rescue_action_in_public_with_localized_error_file
-    # Reload and register danish language for testing
-    I18n.reload!
-    I18n.backend.store_translations 'da', {}
-
-    # Ensure original are still the same since we are reindexing view paths
-    assert_equal ORIGINAL_LOCALES, I18n.available_locales.map(&:to_s).sort
-
     # Change locale
     old_locale = I18n.locale
     I18n.locale = :da
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/session/cookie_store_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/session/cookie_store_test.rb
index 95d2eb11c4..c94d7b0915 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/session/cookie_store_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/session/cookie_store_test.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       render :text => "foo: #{session[:foo].inspect}"
     end
 
+    def get_session_id
+      render :text => "foo: #{session[:foo].inspect}; id: #{request.session_options[:id]}"
+    end
+
     def call_reset_session
       reset_session
       head :ok
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
     with_test_route_set do
       get '/set_session_value'
       assert_response :success
-      assert_equal ["_myapp_session=#{response.body}; path=/; httponly"],
+      assert_equal "_myapp_session=#{response.body}; path=/; HttpOnly",
         headers['Set-Cookie']
    end
   end
@@ -106,6 +110,20 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
    end
   end
 
+  def test_getting_session_id
+    with_test_route_set do
+      cookies[SessionKey] = SignedBar
+      get '/persistent_session_id'
+      assert_response :success
+      assert_equal response.body.size, 32
+      session_id = response.body
+
+      get '/get_session_id'
+      assert_response :success
+      assert_equal "foo: \"bar\"; id: #{session_id}", response.body
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_disregards_tampered_sessions
     with_test_route_set do
       cookies[SessionKey] = "BAh7BjoIZm9vIghiYXI%3D--123456780"
@@ -127,7 +145,7 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
     with_test_route_set do
       get '/no_session_access'
       assert_response :success
-      assert_equal [], headers['Set-Cookie']
+      assert_equal "", headers['Set-Cookie']
     end
   end
 
@@ -137,7 +155,7 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
         "fef868465920f415f2c0652d6910d3af288a0367"
       get '/no_session_access'
       assert_response :success
-      assert_equal [], headers['Set-Cookie']
+      assert_equal "", headers['Set-Cookie']
     end
   end
 
@@ -146,7 +164,7 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       get '/set_session_value'
       assert_response :success
       session_payload = response.body
-      assert_equal ["_myapp_session=#{response.body}; path=/; httponly"],
+      assert_equal "_myapp_session=#{response.body}; path=/; HttpOnly",
         headers['Set-Cookie']
 
       get '/call_reset_session'
@@ -191,7 +209,8 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       assert_response :success
 
       cookie_body = response.body
-      assert_equal ["_myapp_session=#{cookie_body}; path=/; expires=#{expected_expiry}; httponly"], headers['Set-Cookie']
+      assert_equal "_myapp_session=#{cookie_body}; path=/; expires=#{expected_expiry}; HttpOnly",
+        headers['Set-Cookie']
 
       # Second request does not access the session
       time = Time.local(2008, 4, 25)
@@ -201,7 +220,8 @@ class CookieStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       get '/no_session_access'
       assert_response :success
 
-      assert_equal ["_myapp_session=#{cookie_body}; path=/; expires=#{expected_expiry}; httponly"], headers['Set-Cookie']
+      assert_equal "_myapp_session=#{cookie_body}; path=/; expires=#{expected_expiry}; HttpOnly",
+        headers['Set-Cookie']
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/session/mem_cache_store_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/session/mem_cache_store_test.rb
index eb896a344c..c3a6c8ce45 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/session/mem_cache_store_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/session/mem_cache_store_test.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ class MemCacheStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       render :text => "foo: #{session[:foo].inspect}"
     end
 
+    def get_session_id
+      render :text => "foo: #{session[:foo].inspect}; id: #{request.session_options[:id]}"
+    end
+
     def call_reset_session
       reset_session
       head :ok
@@ -50,7 +54,20 @@ class MemCacheStoreTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
       with_test_route_set do
         get '/get_session_value'
         assert_response :success
-      assert_equal 'foo: nil', response.body
+        assert_equal 'foo: nil', response.body
+      end
+    end
+
+    def test_getting_session_id
+      with_test_route_set do
+        get '/set_session_value'
+        assert_response :success
+        assert cookies['_session_id']
+        session_id = cookies['_session_id']
+
+        get '/get_session_id'
+        assert_response :success
+        assert_equal "foo: \"bar\"; id: #{session_id}", response.body
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/session/test_session_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/session/test_session_test.rb
index 83103be3ec..de6539e1cc 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/session/test_session_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/session/test_session_test.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ActionController::TestSessionTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
     assert_equal('value', session[:key])
   end
   
-  def test_calling_delete_removes item
+  def test_calling_delete_removes_item
     session = ActionController::TestSession.new
     session[:key] = 'value'
     assert_equal('value', session[:key])
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/view_paths_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/view_paths_test.rb
index ac84e2dfcd..6468283270 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/view_paths_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/view_paths_test.rb
@@ -41,31 +41,35 @@ class ViewLoadPathsTest < ActionController::TestCase
   def teardown
     ActiveSupport::Deprecation.behavior = @old_behavior
   end
+  
+  def assert_view_path_strings_are_equal(expected, actual)
+    assert_equal(expected.map {|path| path.sub(/\.\//, '')}, actual)
+  end
 
   def test_template_load_path_was_set_correctly
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
   end
 
   def test_controller_appends_view_path_correctly
     @controller.append_view_path 'foo'
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.append_view_path(%w(bar baz))
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.append_view_path(FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH)
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
   end
 
   def test_controller_prepends_view_path_correctly
     @controller.prepend_view_path 'baz'
-    assert_equal ['baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal ['baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.prepend_view_path(%w(foo bar))
-    assert_equal ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.prepend_view_path(FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH)
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
   end
 
   def test_template_appends_view_path_correctly
@@ -73,10 +77,10 @@ class ViewLoadPathsTest < ActionController::TestCase
     class_view_paths = TestController.view_paths
 
     @controller.append_view_path 'foo'
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.append_view_path(%w(bar baz))
-    assert_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal [FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
     assert_equal class_view_paths, TestController.view_paths
   end
 
@@ -85,10 +89,10 @@ class ViewLoadPathsTest < ActionController::TestCase
     class_view_paths = TestController.view_paths
 
     @controller.prepend_view_path 'baz'
-    assert_equal ['baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal ['baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
 
     @controller.prepend_view_path(%w(foo bar))
-    assert_equal ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
+    assert_view_path_strings_are_equal ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH], @controller.view_paths.map(&:to_s)
     assert_equal class_view_paths, TestController.view_paths
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.erb~ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.erb~
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21934a1c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.erb~
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Don't pick me!
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.pt-BR.html.erb b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.pt-BR.html.erb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..773b3c8c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/hello_world.pt-BR.html.erb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ola mundo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request.da.html.erb b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request.da.html.erb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0740b2d07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request.da.html.erb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Hey HTML!
diff --git a/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/utf8.html.erb b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/utf8.html.erb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b4d19aa0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/test/fixtures/test/utf8.html.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Русский текст
+日本語のテキスト
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/compiled_templates_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/compiled_templates_test.rb
index a7ed13cf57..a8f8455a54 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/compiled_templates_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/compiled_templates_test.rb
@@ -2,74 +2,88 @@ require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'controller/fake_models'
 
 class CompiledTemplatesTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  
   def setup
     @compiled_templates = ActionView::Base::CompiledTemplates
+
+    # first, if we are running the whole test suite with ReloadableTemplates
+    # try to undef all the methods through ReloadableTemplate's interfaces
+    unless ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading?
+      ActionController::Base.view_paths.each do |view_path|
+        view_path.paths.values.uniq!.each do |reloadable_template|
+          reloadable_template.undef_my_compiled_methods!
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # just purge anything that's left
     @compiled_templates.instance_methods.each do |m|
       @compiled_templates.send(:remove_method, m) if m =~ /^_run_/
     end
   end
 
   def test_template_gets_compiled
-    assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-    assert_equal 1, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+    with_caching(true) do
+      assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+      assert_equal 1, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+    end
   end
 
   def test_template_gets_recompiled_when_using_different_keys_in_local_assigns
-    assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb", :locals => {:foo => "bar"})
-    assert_equal 2, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+    with_caching(true) do
+      assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb", :locals => {:foo => "bar"})
+      assert_equal 2, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+    end
   end
 
   def test_compiled_template_will_not_be_recompiled_when_rendered_with_identical_local_assigns
-    assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-    ActionView::Template.any_instance.expects(:compile!).never
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-  end
-
-  def test_compiled_template_will_always_be_recompiled_when_template_is_not_cached
-    ActionView::Template.any_instance.expects(:recompile?).times(3).returns(true)
-    assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "#{FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH}/test/hello_world.erb")
-    ActionView::Template.any_instance.expects(:compile!).times(3)
-    3.times { assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "#{FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH}/test/hello_world.erb") }
-    assert_equal 1, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+    with_caching(true) do
+      assert_equal 0, @compiled_templates.instance_methods.size
+      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+      ActionView::Template.any_instance.expects(:compile!).never
+      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+    end
   end
 
-  def test_template_changes_are_not_reflected_with_cached_templates
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-    modify_template "test/hello_world.erb", "Goodbye world!" do
-      assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+  def test_template_changes_are_not_reflected_with_cached_template_loading
+    with_caching(true) do
+      with_reloading(false) do
+        assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+        modify_template "test/hello_world.erb", "Goodbye world!" do
+          assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+        end
+        assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+      end
     end
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
   end
 
-  def test_template_changes_are_reflected_with_uncached_templates
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render_without_cache(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
-    modify_template "test/hello_world.erb", "Goodbye world!" do
-      assert_equal "Goodbye world!", render_without_cache(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+  def test_template_changes_are_reflected_without_cached_template_loading
+    with_caching(true) do
+      with_reloading(true) do
+        assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+        modify_template "test/hello_world.erb", "Goodbye world!" do
+          reset_mtime_of('test/hello_world.erb')
+          assert_equal "Goodbye world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+        end
+        reset_mtime_of('test/hello_world.erb')
+        assert_equal "Hello world!", render(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
+      end
     end
-    assert_equal "Hello world!", render_without_cache(:file => "test/hello_world.erb")
   end
 
   private
     def render(*args)
-      render_with_cache(*args)
-    end
-
-    def render_with_cache(*args)
       view_paths = ActionController::Base.view_paths
-      assert_equal ActionView::Template::EagerPath, view_paths.first.class
       ActionView::Base.new(view_paths, {}).render(*args)
     end
 
-    def render_without_cache(*args)
-      path = ActionView::Template::Path.new(FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH)
-      view_paths = ActionView::Base.process_view_paths(path)
-      assert_equal ActionView::Template::Path, view_paths.first.class
-      ActionView::Base.new(view_paths, {}).render(*args)
+    def reset_mtime_of(template_name)
+      unless ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading?
+        ActionController::Base.view_paths.find_template(template_name).previously_last_modified = 10.seconds.ago 
+      end
     end
 
     def modify_template(template, content)
@@ -82,4 +96,30 @@ class CompiledTemplatesTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
         File.open(filename, "wb+") { |f| f.write(old_content) }
       end
     end
+
+    def with_caching(perform_caching)
+      old_perform_caching = ActionController::Base.perform_caching
+      begin
+        ActionController::Base.perform_caching = perform_caching
+        yield
+      ensure
+        ActionController::Base.perform_caching = old_perform_caching
+      end
+    end
+
+    def with_reloading(reload_templates)
+      old_view_paths, old_cache_templates = ActionController::Base.view_paths, ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading
+      begin
+        ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading = !reload_templates
+        ActionController::Base.view_paths = view_paths_for(reload_templates)
+        yield
+      ensure
+        ActionController::Base.view_paths, ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading = old_view_paths, old_cache_templates
+      end
+    end
+
+    def view_paths_for(reload_templates)
+      # reloadable paths are cheap to create
+      reload_templates ? ActionView::PathSet.new(CACHED_VIEW_PATHS.map(&:to_s)) : CACHED_VIEW_PATHS
+    end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/date_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/date_helper_test.rb
index 59e921f09b..2e4763f446 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/date_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/date_helper_test.rb
@@ -1820,60 +1820,60 @@ class DateHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
   def test_datetime_select_with_default_prompt
     @post = Post.new
-    @post.updated_at = Time.local(2004, 6, 15, 16, 35)
+    @post.updated_at = nil
 
     expected = %{<select id="post_updated_at_1i" name="post[updated_at(1i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Year</option>\n<option value="1999">1999</option>\n<option value="2000">2000</option>\n<option value="2001">2001</option>\n<option value="2002">2002</option>\n<option value="2003">2003</option>\n<option value="2004" selected="selected">2004</option>\n<option value="2005">2005</option>\n<option value="2006">2006</option>\n<option value="2007">2007</option>\n<option value="2008">2008</option>\n<option value="2009">2009</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Year</option>\n<option value="1999">1999</option>\n<option value="2000">2000</option>\n<option value="2001">2001</option>\n<option value="2002">2002</option>\n<option value="2003">2003</option>\n<option value="2004">2004</option>\n<option value="2005">2005</option>\n<option value="2006">2006</option>\n<option value="2007">2007</option>\n<option value="2008">2008</option>\n<option value="2009">2009</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_2i" name="post[updated_at(2i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Month</option>\n<option value="1">January</option>\n<option value="2">February</option>\n<option value="3">March</option>\n<option value="4">April</option>\n<option value="5">May</option>\n<option value="6" selected="selected">June</option>\n<option value="7">July</option>\n<option value="8">August</option>\n<option value="9">September</option>\n<option value="10">October</option>\n<option value="11">November</option>\n<option value="12">December</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Month</option>\n<option value="1">January</option>\n<option value="2">February</option>\n<option value="3">March</option>\n<option value="4">April</option>\n<option value="5">May</option>\n<option value="6">June</option>\n<option value="7">July</option>\n<option value="8">August</option>\n<option value="9">September</option>\n<option value="10">October</option>\n<option value="11">November</option>\n<option value="12">December</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_3i" name="post[updated_at(3i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Day</option>\n<option value="1">1</option>\n<option value="2">2</option>\n<option value="3">3</option>\n<option value="4">4</option>\n<option value="5">5</option>\n<option value="6">6</option>\n<option value="7">7</option>\n<option value="8">8</option>\n<option value="9">9</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Day</option>\n<option value="1">1</option>\n<option value="2">2</option>\n<option value="3">3</option>\n<option value="4">4</option>\n<option value="5">5</option>\n<option value="6">6</option>\n<option value="7">7</option>\n<option value="8">8</option>\n<option value="9">9</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << " &mdash; "
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_4i" name="post[updated_at(4i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Hour</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16" selected="selected">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Hour</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
     expected << " : "
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_5i" name="post[updated_at(5i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Minute</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n<option value="32">32</option>\n<option value="33">33</option>\n<option value="34">34</option>\n<option value="35" selected="selected">35</option>\n<option value="36">36</option>\n<option value="37">37</option>\n<option value="38">38</option>\n<option value="39">39</option>\n<option value="40">40</option>\n<option value="41">41</option>\n<option value="42">42</option>\n<option value="43">43</option>\n<option value="44">44</option>\n<option value="45">45</option>\n<option value="46">46</option>\n<option value="47">47</option>\n<option value="48">48</option>\n<option value="49">49</option>\n<option value="50">50</option>\n<option value="51">51</option>\n<option value="52">52</option>\n<option value="53">53</option>\n<option value="54">54</option>\n<option value="55">55</option>\n<option value="56">56</option>\n<option value="57">57</option>\n<option value="58">58</option>\n<option value="59">59</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Minute</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n<option value="32">32</option>\n<option value="33">33</option>\n<option value="34">34</option>\n<option value="35">35</option>\n<option value="36">36</option>\n<option value="37">37</option>\n<option value="38">38</option>\n<option value="39">39</option>\n<option value="40">40</option>\n<option value="41">41</option>\n<option value="42">42</option>\n<option value="43">43</option>\n<option value="44">44</option>\n<option value="45">45</option>\n<option value="46">46</option>\n<option value="47">47</option>\n<option value="48">48</option>\n<option value="49">49</option>\n<option value="50">50</option>\n<option value="51">51</option>\n<option value="52">52</option>\n<option value="53">53</option>\n<option value="54">54</option>\n<option value="55">55</option>\n<option value="56">56</option>\n<option value="57">57</option>\n<option value="58">58</option>\n<option value="59">59</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
-    assert_dom_equal expected, datetime_select("post", "updated_at", :prompt => true)
+    assert_dom_equal expected, datetime_select("post", "updated_at", :start_year=>1999, :end_year=>2009,  :prompt => true)
   end
 
   def test_datetime_select_with_custom_prompt
     @post = Post.new
-    @post.updated_at = Time.local(2004, 6, 15, 16, 35)
+    @post.updated_at = nil
 
     expected = %{<select id="post_updated_at_1i" name="post[updated_at(1i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Choose year</option>\n<option value="1999">1999</option>\n<option value="2000">2000</option>\n<option value="2001">2001</option>\n<option value="2002">2002</option>\n<option value="2003">2003</option>\n<option value="2004" selected="selected">2004</option>\n<option value="2005">2005</option>\n<option value="2006">2006</option>\n<option value="2007">2007</option>\n<option value="2008">2008</option>\n<option value="2009">2009</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Choose year</option>\n<option value="1999">1999</option>\n<option value="2000">2000</option>\n<option value="2001">2001</option>\n<option value="2002">2002</option>\n<option value="2003">2003</option>\n<option value="2004">2004</option>\n<option value="2005">2005</option>\n<option value="2006">2006</option>\n<option value="2007">2007</option>\n<option value="2008">2008</option>\n<option value="2009">2009</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_2i" name="post[updated_at(2i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Choose month</option>\n<option value="1">January</option>\n<option value="2">February</option>\n<option value="3">March</option>\n<option value="4">April</option>\n<option value="5">May</option>\n<option value="6" selected="selected">June</option>\n<option value="7">July</option>\n<option value="8">August</option>\n<option value="9">September</option>\n<option value="10">October</option>\n<option value="11">November</option>\n<option value="12">December</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Choose month</option>\n<option value="1">January</option>\n<option value="2">February</option>\n<option value="3">March</option>\n<option value="4">April</option>\n<option value="5">May</option>\n<option value="6">June</option>\n<option value="7">July</option>\n<option value="8">August</option>\n<option value="9">September</option>\n<option value="10">October</option>\n<option value="11">November</option>\n<option value="12">December</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_3i" name="post[updated_at(3i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Choose day</option>\n<option value="1">1</option>\n<option value="2">2</option>\n<option value="3">3</option>\n<option value="4">4</option>\n<option value="5">5</option>\n<option value="6">6</option>\n<option value="7">7</option>\n<option value="8">8</option>\n<option value="9">9</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Choose day</option>\n<option value="1">1</option>\n<option value="2">2</option>\n<option value="3">3</option>\n<option value="4">4</option>\n<option value="5">5</option>\n<option value="6">6</option>\n<option value="7">7</option>\n<option value="8">8</option>\n<option value="9">9</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
     expected << " &mdash; "
 
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_4i" name="post[updated_at(4i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Choose hour</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16" selected="selected">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Choose hour</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
     expected << " : "
     expected << %{<select id="post_updated_at_5i" name="post[updated_at(5i)]">\n}
-    expected << %{<option value="">Choose minute</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n<option value="32">32</option>\n<option value="33">33</option>\n<option value="34">34</option>\n<option value="35" selected="selected">35</option>\n<option value="36">36</option>\n<option value="37">37</option>\n<option value="38">38</option>\n<option value="39">39</option>\n<option value="40">40</option>\n<option value="41">41</option>\n<option value="42">42</option>\n<option value="43">43</option>\n<option value="44">44</option>\n<option value="45">45</option>\n<option value="46">46</option>\n<option value="47">47</option>\n<option value="48">48</option>\n<option value="49">49</option>\n<option value="50">50</option>\n<option value="51">51</option>\n<option value="52">52</option>\n<option value="53">53</option>\n<option value="54">54</option>\n<option value="55">55</option>\n<option value="56">56</option>\n<option value="57">57</option>\n<option value="58">58</option>\n<option value="59">59</option>\n}
+    expected << %{<option value="">Choose minute</option>\n<option value="00">00</option>\n<option value="01">01</option>\n<option value="02">02</option>\n<option value="03">03</option>\n<option value="04">04</option>\n<option value="05">05</option>\n<option value="06">06</option>\n<option value="07">07</option>\n<option value="08">08</option>\n<option value="09">09</option>\n<option value="10">10</option>\n<option value="11">11</option>\n<option value="12">12</option>\n<option value="13">13</option>\n<option value="14">14</option>\n<option value="15">15</option>\n<option value="16">16</option>\n<option value="17">17</option>\n<option value="18">18</option>\n<option value="19">19</option>\n<option value="20">20</option>\n<option value="21">21</option>\n<option value="22">22</option>\n<option value="23">23</option>\n<option value="24">24</option>\n<option value="25">25</option>\n<option value="26">26</option>\n<option value="27">27</option>\n<option value="28">28</option>\n<option value="29">29</option>\n<option value="30">30</option>\n<option value="31">31</option>\n<option value="32">32</option>\n<option value="33">33</option>\n<option value="34">34</option>\n<option value="35">35</option>\n<option value="36">36</option>\n<option value="37">37</option>\n<option value="38">38</option>\n<option value="39">39</option>\n<option value="40">40</option>\n<option value="41">41</option>\n<option value="42">42</option>\n<option value="43">43</option>\n<option value="44">44</option>\n<option value="45">45</option>\n<option value="46">46</option>\n<option value="47">47</option>\n<option value="48">48</option>\n<option value="49">49</option>\n<option value="50">50</option>\n<option value="51">51</option>\n<option value="52">52</option>\n<option value="53">53</option>\n<option value="54">54</option>\n<option value="55">55</option>\n<option value="56">56</option>\n<option value="57">57</option>\n<option value="58">58</option>\n<option value="59">59</option>\n}
     expected << "</select>\n"
 
-    assert_dom_equal expected, datetime_select("post", "updated_at", :prompt => {:year => 'Choose year', :month => 'Choose month', :day => 'Choose day', :hour => 'Choose hour', :minute => 'Choose minute'})
+    assert_dom_equal expected, datetime_select("post", "updated_at", :start_year=>1999, :end_year=>2009, :prompt => {:year => 'Choose year', :month => 'Choose month', :day => 'Choose day', :hour => 'Choose hour', :minute => 'Choose minute'})
   end
 
   def test_date_select_with_zero_value_and_no_start_year
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/form_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/form_helper_test.rb
index b7ea2c0176..5cc81b4afb 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/form_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/form_helper_test.rb
@@ -170,36 +170,36 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
   def test_check_box
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret")
     )
     @post.secret = 0
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret")
     )
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret" ,{"checked"=>"checked"})
     )
     @post.secret = true
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret")
     )
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret?")
     )
 
     @post.secret = ['0']
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret")
     )
     @post.secret = ['1']
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret")
     )
   end
@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
   def test_check_box_with_explicit_checked_and_unchecked_values
     @post.secret = "on"
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="on" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="off" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="off" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="on" />',
       check_box("post", "secret", {}, "on", "off")
     )
   end
 
   def test_checkbox_disabled_still_submits_checked_value
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" disabled="disabled" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="1" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="1" /><input checked="checked" disabled="disabled" id="post_secret" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret", { :disabled => :true })
     )
   end
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       text_area("post", "body", "name" => "really!")
     )
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="i mean it" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="i mean it" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="i mean it" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="post_secret" name="i mean it" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret", "name" => "i mean it")
     )
     assert_dom_equal text_field("post", "title", "name" => "dont guess"),
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       text_area("post", "body", "id" => "really!")
     )
     assert_dom_equal(
-      '<input checked="checked" id="i mean it" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" /><input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" />',
+      '<input name="post[secret]" type="hidden" value="0" /><input checked="checked" id="i mean it" name="post[secret]" type="checkbox" value="1" />',
       check_box("post", "secret", "id" => "i mean it")
     )
     assert_dom_equal text_field("post", "title", "id" => "dont guess"),
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       text_area("post[]", "body")
     )
     assert_dom_equal(
-      "<input checked=\"checked\" id=\"post_#{pid}_secret\" name=\"post[#{pid}][secret]\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" /><input name=\"post[#{pid}][secret]\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"0\" />",
+      "<input name=\"post[#{pid}][secret]\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"0\" /><input checked=\"checked\" id=\"post_#{pid}_secret\" name=\"post[#{pid}][secret]\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" />",
       check_box("post[]", "secret")
     )
    assert_dom_equal(
@@ -360,8 +360,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<label for='post_title'>Title</label>" +
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='commit' id='post_submit' type='submit' value='Create post' />" +
       "</form>"
 
@@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<div style='margin:0;padding:0'><input name='_method' type='hidden' value='put' /></div>" +
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -398,8 +398,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<form action='http://www.example.com' id='create-post' method='post'>" +
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<label for=\"post_123_title\">Title</label>" +
       "<input name='post[123][title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_123_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[123][body]' id='post_123_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[123][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_123_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='post[123][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[123][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_123_secret' value='1' />" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -436,8 +436,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<form action='http://www.example.com' method='post'>" +
       "<input name='post[][title]' size='30' type='text' id='post__title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[][body]' id='post__body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post__secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='post[][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post__secret' value='1' />" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
     expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
                '<input name="post[title]" size="30" type="text" id="post_title" value="Hello World" />' +
+               '<input id="post_author_attributes_id" name="post[author_attributes][id]" type="hidden" value="321" />' +
                '<input id="post_author_attributes_name" name="post[author_attributes][name]" size="30" type="text" value="author #321" />' +
                '</form>'
 
@@ -627,8 +628,10 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
     expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
                '<input name="post[title]" size="30" type="text" id="post_title" value="Hello World" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #1" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_2_name" name="post[comments_attributes][2][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #2" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_id" name="post[comments_attributes][0][id]" type="hidden" value="1" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_name" name="post[comments_attributes][0][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #1" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_id" name="post[comments_attributes][1][id]" type="hidden" value="2" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #2" />' +
                '</form>'
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -648,8 +651,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
     expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
                '<input name="post[title]" size="30" type="text" id="post_title" value="Hello World" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_new_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][new_1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_new_2_name" name="post[comments_attributes][new_2][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_name" name="post[comments_attributes][0][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
                '</form>'
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -669,8 +672,9 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
     expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
                '<input name="post[title]" size="30" type="text" id="post_title" value="Hello World" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_321_name" name="post[comments_attributes][321][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #321" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_new_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][new_1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_id" name="post[comments_attributes][0][id]" type="hidden" value="321" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_name" name="post[comments_attributes][0][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #321" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
                '</form>'
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -690,14 +694,32 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
 
     expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
                '<input name="post[title]" size="30" type="text" id="post_title" value="Hello World" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_321_name" name="post[comments_attributes][321][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #321" />' +
-               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_new_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][new_1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_id" name="post[comments_attributes][0][id]" type="hidden" value="321" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_0_name" name="post[comments_attributes][0][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #321" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_1_name" name="post[comments_attributes][1][name]" size="30" type="text" value="new comment" />' +
                '</form>'
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
     assert_equal yielded_comments, @post.comments
   end
 
+  def test_nested_fields_for_with_child_index_option_override_on_a_nested_attributes_collection_association
+    @post.comments = []
+
+    form_for(:post, @post) do |f|
+      f.fields_for(:comments, Comment.new(321), :child_index => 'abc') do |cf|
+        concat cf.text_field(:name)
+      end
+    end
+
+    expected = '<form action="http://www.example.com" method="post">' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_abc_id" name="post[comments_attributes][abc][id]" type="hidden" value="321" />' +
+               '<input id="post_comments_attributes_abc_name" name="post[comments_attributes][abc][name]" size="30" type="text" value="comment #321" />' +
+               '</form>'
+
+    assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
+  end
+
   def test_fields_for
     fields_for(:post, @post) do |f|
       concat f.text_field(:title)
@@ -708,8 +730,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -724,8 +746,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[123][title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_123_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[123][body]' id='post_123_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[123][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_123_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[123][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[123][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[123][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_123_secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -740,8 +762,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[][title]' size='30' type='text' id='post__title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[][body]' id='post__body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post__secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post__secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -756,8 +778,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[abc][title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_abc_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[abc][body]' id='post_abc_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[abc][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_abc_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[abc][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[abc][secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[abc][secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_abc_secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -772,8 +794,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -788,8 +810,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />"
+      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
@@ -834,8 +856,8 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<form action='http://www.example.com' id='create-post' method='post'>" +
       "<input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' />" +
       "<textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea>" +
-      "<input name='parent_post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='parent_post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "<input name='parent_post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' />" +
+      "<input name='parent_post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='parent_post_secret' value='1' />" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -883,8 +905,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<form action='http://www.example.com' method='post'>" +
       "<label for='title'>Title:</label> <input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' /><br/>" +
       "<label for='body'>Body:</label> <textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea><br/>" +
-      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><br/>" +
+      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' /><br/>" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -904,8 +925,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       "<form action='http://www.example.com' method='post'>" +
       "<label for='title'>Title:</label> <input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' /><br/>" +
       "<label for='body'>Body:</label> <textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea><br/>" +
-      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><br/>" +
+      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' /><br/>" +
       "</form>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -960,8 +980,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
        %(<form action="http://www.example.com" onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('http://www.example.com', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;" method="post">) +
        "<label for='title'>Title:</label> <input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' /><br/>" +
        "<label for='body'>Body:</label> <textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea><br/>" +
-       "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-       "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><br/>" +
+       "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' /><br/>" +
        "</form>"
 
      assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
@@ -977,8 +996,7 @@ class FormHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     expected =
       "<label for='title'>Title:</label> <input name='post[title]' size='30' type='text' id='post_title' value='Hello World' /><br/>" +
       "<label for='body'>Body:</label> <textarea name='post[body]' id='post_body' rows='20' cols='40'>Back to the hill and over it again!</textarea><br/>" +
-      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' />" +
-      "<input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><br/>"
+      "<label for='secret'>Secret:</label> <input name='post[secret]' type='hidden' value='0' /><input name='post[secret]' checked='checked' type='checkbox' id='post_secret' value='1' /><br/>"
 
     assert_dom_equal expected, output_buffer
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
index 83c27ac042..78db87971b 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
@@ -24,45 +24,62 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_collection_options
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe went home</option>",
-      options_from_collection_for_select(@posts, "author_name", "title")
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title")
     )
   end
 
 
   def test_collection_options_with_preselected_value
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe went home</option>",
-      options_from_collection_for_select(@posts, "author_name", "title", "Babe")
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", "Babe")
     )
   end
 
   def test_collection_options_with_preselected_value_array
-      @posts = [
-        Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-        Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-        Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-      ]
-
       assert_dom_equal(
         "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\" selected=\"selected\">Cabe went home</option>",
-        options_from_collection_for_select(@posts, "author_name", "title", [ "Babe", "Cabe" ])
+        options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", [ "Babe", "Cabe" ])
       )
   end
 
+  def test_collection_options_with_proc_for_selected
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe went home</option>",
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", lambda{|p| p.author_name == 'Babe' })
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_options_with_disabled_value
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe went home</option>",
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", :disabled => "Babe")
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_options_with_disabled_array
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Cabe went home</option>",
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", :disabled => [ "Babe", "Cabe" ])
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_options_with_preselected_and_disabled_value
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\" selected=\"selected\">Cabe went home</option>",
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", :selected => "Cabe", :disabled => "Babe")
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_options_with_proc_for_disabled
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt; went home</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Babe went home</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Cabe went home</option>",
+      options_from_collection_for_select(dummy_posts, "author_name", "title", :disabled => lambda{|p| %w(Babe Cabe).include? p.author_name })
+    )
+  end
+
   def test_array_options_for_select
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<option value=\"&lt;Denmark&gt;\">&lt;Denmark&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"USA\">USA</option>\n<option value=\"Sweden\">Sweden</option>",
@@ -84,6 +101,27 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
       )
   end
 
+  def test_array_options_for_select_with_disabled_value
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"Denmark\">Denmark</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;USA&gt;\" disabled=\"disabled\">&lt;USA&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Sweden\">Sweden</option>",
+      options_for_select([ "Denmark", "<USA>", "Sweden" ], :disabled => "<USA>")
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_array_options_for_select_with_disabled_array
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"Denmark\">Denmark</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;USA&gt;\" disabled=\"disabled\">&lt;USA&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Sweden\" disabled=\"disabled\">Sweden</option>",
+      options_for_select([ "Denmark", "<USA>", "Sweden" ], :disabled => ["<USA>", "Sweden"])
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_array_options_for_select_with_selection_and_disabled_value
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<option value=\"Denmark\" selected=\"selected\">Denmark</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;USA&gt;\" disabled=\"disabled\">&lt;USA&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Sweden\">Sweden</option>",
+      options_for_select([ "Denmark", "<USA>", "Sweden" ], :selected => "Denmark", :disabled => "<USA>")
+    )
+  end
+
   def test_array_options_for_string_include_in_other_string_bug_fix
       assert_dom_equal(
         "<option value=\"ruby\">ruby</option>\n<option value=\"rubyonrails\" selected=\"selected\">rubyonrails</option>",
@@ -370,34 +408,40 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
     )
   end
 
-  def test_collection_select
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
+  def test_select_with_disabled_value
+    @post = Post.new
+    @post.category = "<mus>"
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<select id=\"post_category\" name=\"post[category]\"><option value=\"abe\">abe</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;mus&gt;\" selected=\"selected\">&lt;mus&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"hest\" disabled=\"disabled\">hest</option></select>",
+      select("post", "category", %w( abe <mus> hest ), :disabled => 'hest')
+    )
+  end
 
+  def test_select_with_disabled_array
+    @post = Post.new
+    @post.category = "<mus>"
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<select id=\"post_category\" name=\"post[category]\"><option value=\"abe\" disabled=\"disabled\">abe</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;mus&gt;\" selected=\"selected\">&lt;mus&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"hest\" disabled=\"disabled\">hest</option></select>",
+      select("post", "category", %w( abe <mus> hest ), :disabled => ['hest', 'abe'])
+    )
+  end
+
+  def test_collection_select
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<select id=\"post_author_name\" name=\"post[author_name]\"><option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe</option></select>",
-      collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name")
+      collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name")
     )
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_under_fields_for
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     fields_for :post, @post do |f|
-      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, @posts, :author_name, :author_name)
+      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, dummy_posts, :author_name, :author_name)
     end
   
     assert_dom_equal(
@@ -407,17 +451,11 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_under_fields_for_with_index
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     fields_for :post, @post, :index => 815 do |f|
-      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, @posts, :author_name, :author_name)
+      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, dummy_posts, :author_name, :author_name)
     end
 
     assert_dom_equal(
@@ -427,18 +465,12 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_under_fields_for_with_auto_index
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
     def @post.to_param; 815; end
 
     fields_for "post[]", @post do |f|
-      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, @posts, :author_name, :author_name)
+      concat f.collection_select(:author_name, dummy_posts, :author_name, :author_name)
     end
 
     assert_dom_equal(
@@ -448,72 +480,58 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_with_blank_and_style
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<select id=\"post_author_name\" name=\"post[author_name]\" style=\"width: 200px\"><option value=\"\"></option>\n<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe</option></select>",
-      collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true }, "style" => "width: 200px")
+      collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true }, "style" => "width: 200px")
     )
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_with_blank_as_string_and_style
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     assert_dom_equal(
       "<select id=\"post_author_name\" name=\"post[author_name]\" style=\"width: 200px\"><option value=\"\">No Selection</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe</option></select>",
-      collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => 'No Selection' }, "style" => "width: 200px")
+      collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => 'No Selection' }, "style" => "width: 200px")
     )
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_with_multiple_option_appends_array_brackets
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     expected = "<select id=\"post_author_name\" name=\"post[author_name][]\" multiple=\"multiple\"><option value=\"\"></option>\n<option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\">Cabe</option></select>"
 
     # Should suffix default name with [].
-    assert_dom_equal expected, collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true }, :multiple => true)
+    assert_dom_equal expected, collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true }, :multiple => true)
 
     # Shouldn't suffix custom name with [].
-    assert_dom_equal expected, collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true, :name => 'post[author_name][]' }, :multiple => true)
+    assert_dom_equal expected, collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", { :include_blank => true, :name => 'post[author_name][]' }, :multiple => true)
   end
 
   def test_collection_select_with_blank_and_selected
-    @posts = [
-      Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
-      Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!")
-    ]
-
     @post = Post.new
     @post.author_name = "Babe"
 
     assert_dom_equal(
       %{<select id="post_author_name" name="post[author_name]"><option value=""></option>\n<option value="&lt;Abe&gt;" selected="selected">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value="Babe">Babe</option>\n<option value="Cabe">Cabe</option></select>},
-      collection_select("post", "author_name", @posts, "author_name", "author_name", {:include_blank => true, :selected => "<Abe>"})
+      collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", {:include_blank => true, :selected => "<Abe>"})
     )
   end
 
+  def test_collection_select_with_disabled
+    @post = Post.new
+    @post.author_name = "Babe"
+
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<select id=\"post_author_name\" name=\"post[author_name]\"><option value=\"&lt;Abe&gt;\">&lt;Abe&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"Babe\" selected=\"selected\">Babe</option>\n<option value=\"Cabe\" disabled=\"disabled\">Cabe</option></select>",
+      collection_select("post", "author_name", dummy_posts, "author_name", "author_name", :disabled => 'Cabe')
+       )
+  end
+
   def test_time_zone_select
     @firm = Firm.new("D")
     html = time_zone_select( "firm", "time_zone" )
@@ -723,4 +741,11 @@ class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
                    html
   end
 
+  private
+
+    def dummy_posts
+      [ Post.new("<Abe> went home", "<Abe>", "To a little house", "shh!"),
+        Post.new("Babe went home", "Babe", "To a little house", "shh!"),
+        Post.new("Cabe went home", "Cabe", "To a little house", "shh!") ]
+    end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
index c7405d47de..107c625e32 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'controller/fake_models'
 
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ module RenderTestCases
     # Reload and register danish language for testing
     I18n.reload!
     I18n.backend.store_translations 'da', {}
+    I18n.backend.store_translations 'pt-BR', {}
 
     # Ensure original are still the same since we are reindexing view paths
     assert_equal ORIGINAL_LOCALES, I18n.available_locales.map(&:to_s).sort
@@ -34,6 +36,33 @@ module RenderTestCases
     I18n.locale = old_locale
   end
 
+  def test_render_file_with_dashed_locale
+    old_locale = I18n.locale
+    I18n.locale = :"pt-BR"
+    assert_equal "Ola mundo", @view.render(:file => "test/hello_world")
+  ensure
+    I18n.locale = old_locale
+  end
+
+  def test_render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request
+    old_format = @view.template_format
+    @view.template_format = :js
+    assert_equal "Hello HTML!", @view.render(:file => "test/render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request")
+  ensure
+    @view.template_format = old_format
+  end
+
+  def test_render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request_with_localization
+    old_locale = I18n.locale
+    old_format = @view.template_format
+    I18n.locale = :da
+    @view.template_format = :js
+    assert_equal "Hey HTML!\n", @view.render(:file => "test/render_implicit_html_template_from_xhr_request")
+  ensure
+    I18n.locale = old_locale
+    @view.template_format = old_format
+  end
+
   def test_render_file_at_top_level
     assert_equal 'Elastica', @view.render(:file => '/shared')
   end
@@ -204,28 +233,44 @@ module RenderTestCases
     assert_equal %(<title>title</title>\n<div id="column">column</div>\n<div id="content">content</div>\n),
       @view.render(:file => "test/nested_layout.erb", :layout => "layouts/yield")
   end
+
+  if '1.9'.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+    def test_render_utf8_template
+      result = @view.render(:file => "test/utf8.html.erb", :layouts => "layouts/yield")
+      assert_equal "Русский текст\n日本語のテキスト", result
+      assert_equal Encoding::UTF_8, result.encoding
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module TemplatesSetupTeardown
+  def setup_view_paths_for(new_cache_template_loading)
+    @previous_cache_template_loading, ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading = ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading, new_cache_template_loading
+    view_paths = new_cache_template_loading ? CACHED_VIEW_PATHS : ActionView::Base.process_view_paths(CACHED_VIEW_PATHS.map(&:to_s))
+    assert_equal(new_cache_template_loading ? ActionView::Template::EagerPath : ActionView::ReloadableTemplate::ReloadablePath, view_paths.first.class)
+    setup_view(view_paths)
+  end
+  
+  def teardown
+    ActionView::Base.cache_template_loading = @previous_cache_template_loading
+  end
 end
 
-class CachedViewRenderTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+class CachedRenderTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include TemplatesSetupTeardown
   include RenderTestCases
 
-  # Ensure view path cache is primed
   def setup
-    view_paths = ActionController::Base.view_paths
-    assert_equal ActionView::Template::EagerPath, view_paths.first.class
-    setup_view(view_paths)
+    setup_view_paths_for(cache_templates = true)
   end
 end
 
-class LazyViewRenderTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+class ReloadableRenderTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include TemplatesSetupTeardown
   include RenderTestCases
 
-  # Test the same thing as above, but make sure the view path
-  # is not eager loaded
   def setup
-    path = ActionView::Template::Path.new(FIXTURE_LOAD_PATH)
-    view_paths = ActionView::Base.process_view_paths(path)
-    assert_equal ActionView::Template::Path, view_paths.first.class
-    setup_view(view_paths)
+    setup_view_paths_for(cache_templates = false)
   end
 end
+
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/translation_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/translation_helper_test.rb
index 6534df6bbd..a20f3c394c 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/translation_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/translation_helper_test.rb
@@ -23,4 +23,10 @@ class TranslationHelperTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
     I18n.expects(:localize).with(@time)
     localize @time
   end
+  
+  def test_scoping_by_partial
+    expects(:template).returns(stub(:path_without_format_and_extension => "people/index"))
+    I18n.expects(:translate).with("people.index.foo", :locale => 'en', :raise => true)
+    translate ".foo", :locale => 'en'
+  end
 end