Implement H2 Early Hints for Rails

When puma/puma#1403 is merged Puma will support the Early Hints status
code for sending assets before a request has finished.

While the Early Hints spec is still in draft, this PR prepares Rails to
allowing this status code.

If the proxy server supports Early Hints, it will send H2 pushes to the
client.

This PR adds a method for setting Early Hints Link headers via Rails,
and also automatically sends Early Hints if supported from the
`stylesheet_link_tag` and the `javascript_include_tag`.

Once puma supports Early Hints the `--early-hints` argument can be
passed to the server to enable this or set in the puma config with
`early_hints(true)`. Note that for Early Hints to work
in the browser the requirements are 1) a proxy that can handle H2,
and 2) HTTPS.

To start the server with Early Hints enabled pass `--early-hints` to
`rails s`.

This has been verified to work with h2o, Puma, and Rails with Chrome.

The commit adds a new option to the rails server to enable early hints
for Puma.

Early Hints spec:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-early-hints-04

[Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson]

1 files changed, 15 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
index 68c6d26364..2a18395aac 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/request_test.rb
@@ -1304,3 +1304,18 @@ class RequestFormData < BaseRequestTest
     assert !request.form_data?
   end
 end
+
+class EarlyHintsRequestTest < BaseRequestTest
+  def setup
+    super
+    @env["rack.early_hints"] = lambda { |links| links }
+    @request = stub_request
+  end
+
+  test "when early hints is set in the env link headers are sent" do
+    early_hints = @request.send_early_hints("Link" => "</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style\n</script.js>; rel=preload")
+    expected_hints = { "Link" => "</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style\n</script.js>; rel=preload" }
+
+    assert_equal expected_hints, early_hints
+  end
+end