Merge remote branch 'mainstream/master'

Conflicts:
	activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb

81 files changed, 2211 insertions, 3027 deletions

diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller.rb
index 76c5845f5b..1a6c4278c9 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module AbstractController
   autoload :Callbacks,           "abstract_controller/callbacks"
   autoload :Helpers,             "abstract_controller/helpers"
   autoload :Layouts,             "abstract_controller/layouts"
+  autoload :LocalizedCache,      "abstract_controller/localized_cache"
   autoload :Logger,              "abstract_controller/logger"
   autoload :RenderingController, "abstract_controller/rendering_controller"
   # === Exceptions
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb
index 379eaf6d8e..ee496dadc5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-require "active_support/new_callbacks"
-
 module AbstractController
   module Callbacks
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-    # Uses ActiveSupport::NewCallbacks as the base functionality. For
+    # Uses ActiveSupport::Callbacks as the base functionality. For
     # more details on the whole callback system, read the documentation
-    # for ActiveSupport::NewCallbacks.
-    include ActiveSupport::NewCallbacks
+    # for ActiveSupport::Callbacks.
+    include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
 
     included do
       define_callbacks :process_action, :terminator => "response_body"
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ module AbstractController
     # Override AbstractController::Base's process_action to run the
     # process_action callbacks around the normal behavior.
     def process_action(method_name)
-      _run_process_action_callbacks(method_name) do
+      run_callbacks(:process_action, method_name) do
         super
       end
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb
index f3072fad74..d3b492ad09 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/helpers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/dependencies'
+
 module AbstractController
   module Helpers
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
@@ -57,23 +59,48 @@ module AbstractController
         end
       end
 
-      # Make a number of helper modules part of this class' default
-      # helpers.
+      # The +helper+ class method can take a series of helper module names, a block, or both.
       #
       # ==== Parameters
-      # *args<Array[Module]>:: Modules to be included
-      # block<Block>:: Evalulate the block in the context
-      #   of the helper module. Any methods defined in the block
-      #   will be helpers.
+      # *args<Array[Module, Symbol, String, :all]>
+      # block<Block>:: A block defining helper methods
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      # When the argument is a module it will be included directly in the template class.
+      #   helper FooHelper # => includes FooHelper
+      #
+      # When the argument is a string or symbol, the method will provide the "_helper" suffix, require the file
+      # and include the module in the template class.  The second form illustrates how to include custom helpers
+      # when working with namespaced controllers, or other cases where the file containing the helper definition is not
+      # in one of Rails' standard load paths:
+      #   helper :foo             # => requires 'foo_helper' and includes FooHelper
+      #   helper 'resources/foo'  # => requires 'resources/foo_helper' and includes Resources::FooHelper
+      #
+      # Additionally, the +helper+ class method can receive and evaluate a block, making the methods defined available
+      # to the template.
+      #
+      #   # One line
+      #   helper { def hello() "Hello, world!" end }
+      #
+      #   # Multi-line
+      #   helper do
+      #     def foo(bar)
+      #       "#{bar} is the very best"
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Finally, all the above styles can be mixed together, and the +helper+ method can be invoked with a mix of
+      # +symbols+, +strings+, +modules+ and blocks.
+      #
+      #   helper(:three, BlindHelper) { def mice() 'mice' end }
+      #
       def helper(*args, &block)
         self._helper_serial = AbstractController::Helpers.next_serial + 1
 
-        args.flatten.each do |arg|
-          case arg
-          when Module
-            add_template_helper(arg)
-          end
+        _modules_for_helpers(args).each do |mod|
+          add_template_helper(mod)
         end
+
         _helpers.module_eval(&block) if block_given?
       end
 
@@ -87,6 +114,38 @@ module AbstractController
       def add_template_helper(mod)
         _helpers.module_eval { include mod }
       end
+
+      # Returns a list of modules, normalized from the acceptable kinds of
+      # helpers with the following behavior:
+      #
+      # String or Symbol:: :FooBar or "FooBar" becomes "foo_bar_helper",
+      #   and "foo_bar_helper.rb" is loaded using require_dependency.
+      #
+      # Module:: No further processing
+      #
+      # After loading the appropriate files, the corresponding modules
+      # are returned.
+      #
+      # ==== Parameters
+      # args<Array[String, Symbol, Module]>:: A list of helpers
+      #
+      # ==== Returns
+      # Array[Module]:: A normalized list of modules for the list of
+      #   helpers provided.
+      def _modules_for_helpers(args)
+        args.flatten.map! do |arg|
+          case arg
+          when String, Symbol
+            file_name = "#{arg.to_s.underscore}_helper"
+            require_dependency(file_name, "Missing helper file helpers/%s.rb")
+            file_name.camelize.constantize
+          when Module
+            arg
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "helper must be a String, Symbol, or Module"
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
index 796ef40584..c71cef42b2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/layouts.rb
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ module AbstractController
       # ==== Returns
       # String:: A template name
       def _implied_layout_name
-        name.underscore
+        name && name.underscore
       end
 
       # Takes the specified layout and creates a _layout method to be called
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ module AbstractController
       # name, return that string. Otherwise, use the superclass'
       # layout (which might also be implied)
       def _write_layout_method
-        case @_layout
+        case defined?(@_layout) ? @_layout : nil
         when String
           self.class_eval %{def _layout(details) #{@_layout.inspect} end}
         when Symbol
@@ -119,17 +119,19 @@ module AbstractController
         when true
           raise ArgumentError, "Layouts must be specified as a String, Symbol, false, or nil"
         when nil
-          self.class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-            def _layout(details)
-              self.class.cache_layout(details) do
-                if template_exists?("#{_implied_layout_name}", details, :_prefix => "layouts")
-                  "#{_implied_layout_name}"
-                else
-                  super
+          if name
+            self.class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+              def _layout(details)
+                self.class.cache_layout(details) do
+                  if template_exists?("#{_implied_layout_name}", details, :_prefix => "layouts")
+                    "#{_implied_layout_name}"
+                  else
+                    super
+                  end
                 end
               end
-            end
-          RUBY
+            RUBY
+          end
         end
         self.class_eval { private :_layout }
       end
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ module AbstractController
     end
 
   private
+
     # This will be overwritten by _write_layout_method
     def _layout(details) end
 
@@ -171,6 +174,34 @@ module AbstractController
       name && _find_layout(name, details)
     end
 
+    # Determine the layout for a given name and details, taking into account
+    # the name type.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    # name<String|TrueClass|FalseClass|Symbol>:: The name of the template
+    # details<Hash{Symbol => Object}>:: A list of details to restrict
+    #   the lookup to. By default, layout lookup is limited to the
+    #   formats specified for the current request.
+    def _layout_for_option(name, details)
+      case name
+      when String     then _layout_for_name(name, details)
+      when true       then _default_layout(details, true)
+      when :default   then _default_layout(details, false)
+      when false, nil then nil
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError,
+          "String, true, or false, expected for `layout'; you passed #{name.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def _determine_template(options)
+      super
+
+      return unless (options.keys & [:text, :inline, :partial]).empty? || options.key?(:layout)
+      layout = options.key?(:layout) ? options[:layout] : :default
+      options[:_layout] = _layout_for_option(layout, options[:_template].details)
+    end
+
     # Take in the name and details and find a Template.
     #
     # ==== Parameters
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/localized_cache.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/localized_cache.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee7b43cb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/localized_cache.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+module AbstractController
+  class HashKey
+    @hash_keys = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = {} } }
+
+    def self.get(klass, formats, locale)
+      @hash_keys[klass][formats][locale] ||= new(klass, formats, locale)
+    end
+
+    attr_accessor :hash
+    def initialize(klass, formats, locale)
+      @formats, @locale = formats, locale
+      @hash = [formats, locale].hash
+    end
+
+    alias_method :eql?, :equal?
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<HashKey -- formats: #{@formats.inspect} locale: #{@locale.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  module LocalizedCache
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    module ClassMethods
+      def clear_template_caches!
+        ActionView::Partials::PartialRenderer::TEMPLATES.clear
+        template_cache.clear
+        super
+      end
+
+      def template_cache
+        @template_cache ||= Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = {} }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def render(options)
+      Thread.current[:format_locale_key] = HashKey.get(self.class, formats, I18n.locale)
+      super
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      def with_template_cache(name)
+        self.class.template_cache[Thread.current[:format_locale_key]][name] ||= super
+      end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb
index f4d017b8e5..27ba5be45f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/logger.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/logger'
+require 'active_support/benchmarkable'
 
 module AbstractController
   module Logger
@@ -6,22 +7,7 @@ module AbstractController
 
     included do
       cattr_accessor :logger
-    end
-
-    module ClassMethods #:nodoc:
-      # Logs a message appending the value measured.
-      def log_with_time(message, time, log_level=::Logger::DEBUG)
-        return unless logger && logger.level >= log_level
-        logger.add(log_level, "#{message} (%.1fms)" % time)
-      end
-
-      # Silences the logger for the duration of the block.
-      def silence
-        old_logger_level, logger.level = logger.level, ::Logger::ERROR if logge
-        yield
-      ensure
-        logger.level = old_logger_level if logger
-      end
+      extend ActiveSupport::Benchmarkable
     end
 
     # A class that allows you to defer expensive processing
@@ -47,7 +33,7 @@ module AbstractController
     # Override process_action in the AbstractController::Base
     # to log details about the method.
     def process_action(action)
-      event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:process_action,
+      result = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:process_action,
                 :controller => self, :action => action) do
         super
       end
@@ -56,13 +42,13 @@ module AbstractController
         log = DelayedLog.new do
           "\n\nProcessing #{self.class.name}\##{action_name} " \
           "to #{request.formats} (for #{request_origin}) " \
-          "(%.1fms) [#{request.method.to_s.upcase}]" % event.duration
+          "[#{request.method.to_s.upcase}]"
         end
 
         logger.info(log)
       end
 
-      event.result
+      result
     end
 
   private
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/rendering_controller.rb b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/rendering_controller.rb
index bbf941aa32..7054b9cf26 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/rendering_controller.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/rendering_controller.rb
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@ module AbstractController
 
     included do
       attr_internal :formats
-
       extlib_inheritable_accessor :_view_paths
-
       self._view_paths ||= ActionView::PathSet.new
     end
 
+    # Initialize controller with nil formats.
+    def initialize(*) #:nodoc:
+      @_formats = nil
+      super
+    end
+
     # An instance of a view class. The default view class is ActionView::Base
     #
     # The view class must have the following methods:
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ module AbstractController
     end
 
   private
+
     # Take in a set of options and determine the template to render
     #
     # ==== Options
@@ -109,6 +114,18 @@ module AbstractController
     #   to a directory.
     # _partial<TrueClass, FalseClass>:: Whether or not the file to look up is a partial
     def _determine_template(options)
+      if options.key?(:text)
+        options[:_template] = ActionView::TextTemplate.new(options[:text], format_for_text)
+      elsif options.key?(:inline)
+        handler = ActionView::Template.handler_class_for_extension(options[:type] || "erb")
+        template = ActionView::Template.new(options[:inline], "inline #{options[:inline].inspect}", handler, {})
+        options[:_template] = template
+      elsif options.key?(:template)
+        options[:_template_name] = options[:template]
+      elsif options.key?(:file)
+        options[:_template_name] = options[:file]
+      end
+
       name = (options[:_template_name] || action_name).to_s
 
       options[:_template] ||= with_template_cache(name) do
@@ -128,6 +145,10 @@ module AbstractController
       yield
     end
 
+    def format_for_text
+      Mime[:text]
+    end
+
     module ClassMethods
       def clear_template_caches!
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
index 6702cb47f8..03a40e4fce 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ module ActionController
   autoload :Base,                 "action_controller/base"
   autoload :Benchmarking,         "action_controller/metal/benchmarking"
   autoload :ConditionalGet,       "action_controller/metal/conditional_get"
+  autoload :Configuration,        "action_controller/metal/configuration"
+  autoload :Head,                 "action_controller/metal/head"
   autoload :Helpers,              "action_controller/metal/helpers"
   autoload :HideActions,          "action_controller/metal/hide_actions"
   autoload :Layouts,              "action_controller/metal/layouts"
@@ -18,22 +20,20 @@ module ActionController
   autoload :Testing,              "action_controller/metal/testing"
   autoload :UrlFor,               "action_controller/metal/url_for"
 
-  # Ported modules
-  # require 'action_controller/routing'
   autoload :Caching,           'action_controller/caching'
   autoload :Dispatcher,        'action_controller/dispatch/dispatcher'
   autoload :Integration,       'action_controller/deprecated/integration_test'
   autoload :IntegrationTest,   'action_controller/deprecated/integration_test'
   autoload :MimeResponds,      'action_controller/metal/mime_responds'
   autoload :PerformanceTest,   'action_controller/deprecated/performance_test'
-  autoload :PolymorphicRoutes, 'action_controller/routing/generation/polymorphic_routes'
+  autoload :PolymorphicRoutes, 'action_controller/polymorphic_routes'
   autoload :RecordIdentifier,  'action_controller/record_identifier'
-  autoload :Resources,         'action_controller/routing/resources'
+  autoload :Routing,           'action_controller/deprecated'
   autoload :SessionManagement, 'action_controller/metal/session_management'
   autoload :TestCase,          'action_controller/testing/test_case'
   autoload :TestProcess,       'action_controller/testing/process'
-  autoload :UrlRewriter,       'action_controller/routing/generation/url_rewriter'
-  autoload :UrlWriter,         'action_controller/routing/generation/url_rewriter'
+  autoload :UrlRewriter,       'action_controller/url_rewriter'
+  autoload :UrlWriter,         'action_controller/url_rewriter'
 
   autoload :Verification,             'action_controller/metal/verification'
   autoload :Flash,                    'action_controller/metal/flash'
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ module ActionController
   autoload :RenderError,              'action_controller/metal/exceptions'
   autoload :SessionOverflowError,     'action_controller/metal/exceptions'
   autoload :UnknownHttpMethod,        'action_controller/metal/exceptions'
-
-  autoload :Routing,                  'action_controller/routing'
 end
 
 autoload :HTML, 'action_controller/vendor/html-scanner'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
index 5338a70104..4c026fe5f7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ module ActionController
     include ActionController::ConditionalGet
     include ActionController::RackConvenience
     include ActionController::Benchmarking
+    include ActionController::Configuration
 
     # Legacy modules
     include SessionManagement
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
index 38cf1da6a8..3caf759032 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching.rb
@@ -3,26 +3,31 @@ require 'uri'
 require 'set'
 
 module ActionController #:nodoc:
-  # Caching is a cheap way of speeding up slow applications by keeping the result of calculations, renderings, and database calls
-  # around for subsequent requests. Action Controller affords you three approaches in varying levels of granularity: Page, Action, Fragment.
+  # Caching is a cheap way of speeding up slow applications by keeping the result of
+  # calculations, renderings, and database calls around for subsequent requests.
+  # Action Controller affords you three approaches in varying levels of granularity:
+  # Page, Action, Fragment.
   #
-  # You can read more about each approach and the sweeping assistance by clicking the modules below.
-  #
-  # Note: To turn off all caching and sweeping, set Base.perform_caching = false.
+  # You can read more about each approach and the sweeping assistance by clicking the
+  # modules below.
   #
+  # Note: To turn off all caching and sweeping, set
+  #   config.action_controller.perform_caching = false.
   #
   # == Caching stores
   #
-  # All the caching stores from ActiveSupport::Cache are available to be used as backends for Action Controller caching. This setting only
-  # affects action and fragment caching as page caching is always written to disk.
+  # All the caching stores from ActiveSupport::Cache are available to be used as backends
+  # for Action Controller caching. This setting only affects action and fragment caching
+  # as page caching is always written to disk.
   #
   # Configuration examples (MemoryStore is the default):
   #
-  #   ActionController::Base.cache_store = :memory_store
-  #   ActionController::Base.cache_store = :file_store, "/path/to/cache/directory"
-  #   ActionController::Base.cache_store = :drb_store, "druby://localhost:9192"
-  #   ActionController::Base.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "localhost"
-  #   ActionController::Base.cache_store = MyOwnStore.new("parameter")
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = :memory_store
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = :file_store, "/path/to/cache/directory"
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = :drb_store, "druby://localhost:9192"
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "localhost"
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, Memcached::Rails.new("localhost:11211")
+  #   config.action_controller.cache_store = MyOwnStore.new("parameter")
   module Caching
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
@@ -46,25 +51,31 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
 
       @@perform_caching = true
       cattr_accessor :perform_caching
+    end
 
-      def self.cache_configured?
+    module ClassMethods
+      def cache_configured?
         perform_caching && cache_store
       end
     end
 
-    protected
-      # Convenience accessor
-      def cache(key, options = {}, &block)
-        if cache_configured?
-          cache_store.fetch(ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key(key, :controller), options, &block)
-        else
-          yield
-        end
-      end
+    def caching_allowed?
+      request.get? && response.status == 200
+    end
 
-    private
-      def cache_configured?
-        self.class.cache_configured?
+  protected
+    # Convenience accessor
+    def cache(key, options = {}, &block)
+      if cache_configured?
+        cache_store.fetch(ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key(key, :controller), options, &block)
+      else
+        yield
       end
+    end
+
+  private
+    def cache_configured?
+      self.class.cache_configured?
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/actions.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/actions.rb
index cb0c3a1384..35111a4b92 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/actions.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/actions.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ require 'set'
 
 module ActionController #:nodoc:
   module Caching
-    # Action caching is similar to page caching by the fact that the entire output of the response is cached, but unlike page caching,
-    # every request still goes through the Action Pack. The key benefit of this is that filters are run before the cache is served, which
-    # allows for authentication and other restrictions on whether someone is allowed to see the cache. Example:
+    # Action caching is similar to page caching by the fact that the entire
+    # output of the response is cached, but unlike page caching, every
+    # request still goes through the Action Pack. The key benefit
+    # of this is that filters are run before the cache is served, which
+    # allows for authentication and other restrictions on whether someone
+    # is allowed to see the cache. Example:
     #
     #   class ListsController < ApplicationController
     #     before_filter :authenticate, :except => :public
@@ -12,45 +15,64 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     #     caches_action :index, :show, :feed
     #   end
     #
-    # In this example, the public action doesn't require authentication, so it's possible to use the faster page caching method. But both the
-    # show and feed action are to be shielded behind the authenticate filter, so we need to implement those as action caches.
+    # In this example, the public action doesn't require authentication,
+    # so it's possible to use the faster page caching method. But both
+    # the show and feed action are to be shielded behind the authenticate
+    # filter, so we need to implement those as action caches.
     #
-    # Action caching internally uses the fragment caching and an around filter to do the job. The fragment cache is named according to both
-    # the current host and the path. So a page that is accessed at http://david.somewhere.com/lists/show/1 will result in a fragment named
-    # "david.somewhere.com/lists/show/1". This allows the cacher to differentiate between "david.somewhere.com/lists/" and
-    # "jamis.somewhere.com/lists/" -- which is a helpful way of assisting the subdomain-as-account-key pattern.
+    # Action caching internally uses the fragment caching and an around
+    # filter to do the job. The fragment cache is named according to both
+    # the current host and the path. So a page that is accessed at
+    # http://david.somewhere.com/lists/show/1 will result in a fragment named
+    # "david.somewhere.com/lists/show/1". This allows the cacher to
+    # differentiate between "david.somewhere.com/lists/" and
+    # "jamis.somewhere.com/lists/" -- which is a helpful way of assisting
+    # the subdomain-as-account-key pattern.
     #
-    # Different representations of the same resource, e.g. <tt>http://david.somewhere.com/lists</tt> and <tt>http://david.somewhere.com/lists.xml</tt>
-    # are treated like separate requests and so are cached separately. Keep in mind when expiring an action cache that <tt>:action => 'lists'</tt> is not the same
-    # as <tt>:action => 'list', :format => :xml</tt>.
+    # Different representations of the same resource, e.g.
+    # <tt>http://david.somewhere.com/lists</tt> and
+    # <tt>http://david.somewhere.com/lists.xml</tt>
+    # are treated like separate requests and so are cached separately.
+    # Keep in mind when expiring an action cache that
+    # <tt>:action => 'lists'</tt> is not the same as
+    # <tt>:action => 'list', :format => :xml</tt>.
     #
-    # You can set modify the default action cache path by passing a :cache_path option.  This will be passed directly to ActionCachePath.path_for.  This is handy
-    # for actions with multiple possible routes that should be cached differently.  If a block is given, it is called with the current controller instance.
+    # You can set modify the default action cache path by passing a
+    # :cache_path option.  This will be passed directly to
+    # ActionCachePath.path_for.  This is handy for actions with multiple
+    # possible routes that should be cached differently.  If a block is
+    # given, it is called with the current controller instance.
     #
-    # And you can also use :if (or :unless) to pass a Proc that specifies when the action should be cached.
+    # And you can also use :if (or :unless) to pass a Proc that
+    # specifies when the action should be cached.
     #
     # Finally, if you are using memcached, you can also pass :expires_in.
     #
     #   class ListsController < ApplicationController
     #     before_filter :authenticate, :except => :public
     #     caches_page   :public
-    #     caches_action :index, :if => Proc.new { |c| !c.request.format.json? } # cache if is not a JSON request
-    #     caches_action :show, :cache_path => { :project => 1 }, :expires_in => 1.hour
-    #     caches_action :feed, :cache_path => Proc.new { |controller|
-    #       controller.params[:user_id] ?
-    #         controller.send(:user_list_url, controller.params[:user_id], controller.params[:id]) :
-    #         controller.send(:list_url, controller.params[:id]) }
+    #     caches_action :index, :if => proc do |c|
+    #       !c.request.format.json?  # cache if is not a JSON request
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     caches_action :show, :cache_path => { :project => 1 },
+    #       :expires_in => 1.hour
+    #
+    #     caches_action :feed, :cache_path => proc do |controller|
+    #       if controller.params[:user_id]
+    #         controller.send(:user_list_url,
+    #           controller.params[:user_id], controller.params[:id])
+    #       else
+    #         controller.send(:list_url, controller.params[:id])
+    #       end
+    #     end
     #   end
     #
-    # If you pass :layout => false, it will only cache your action content. It is useful when your layout has dynamic information.
+    # If you pass :layout => false, it will only cache your action
+    # content. It is useful when your layout has dynamic information.
     #
     module Actions
-      def self.included(base) #:nodoc:
-        base.extend(ClassMethods)
-          base.class_eval do
-            attr_accessor :rendered_action_cache, :action_cache_path
-          end
-      end
+      extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
       module ClassMethods
         # Declares that +actions+ should be cached.
@@ -58,120 +80,83 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         def caches_action(*actions)
           return unless cache_configured?
           options = actions.extract_options!
-          filter_options = { :only => actions, :if => options.delete(:if), :unless => options.delete(:unless) }
-
-          cache_filter = ActionCacheFilter.new(:layout => options.delete(:layout), :cache_path => options.delete(:cache_path), :store_options => options)
+          filter_options = options.extract!(:if, :unless).merge(:only => actions)
+          cache_options  = options.extract!(:layout, :cache_path).merge(:store_options => options)
 
-          around_filter cache_filter, filter_options
+          around_filter ActionCacheFilter.new(cache_options), filter_options
         end
       end
 
-      protected
-        def expire_action(options = {})
-          return unless cache_configured?
+      def _render_cache_fragment(cache, extension, layout)
+        render :text => cache, :layout => layout, :content_type => Mime[extension || :html]
+      end
 
-          if options[:action].is_a?(Array)
-            options[:action].dup.each do |action|
-              expire_fragment(ActionCachePath.path_for(self, options.merge({ :action => action }), false))
-            end
-          else
-            expire_fragment(ActionCachePath.path_for(self, options, false))
-          end
+      def _save_fragment(name, layout, options)
+        return unless caching_allowed?
+
+        content = layout ? view_context.content_for(:layout) : response_body
+        write_fragment(name, content, options)
+      end
+
+    protected
+      def expire_action(options = {})
+        return unless cache_configured?
+
+        actions = options[:action]
+        if actions.is_a?(Array)
+          actions.each {|action| expire_action(options.merge(:action => action)) }
+        else
+          expire_fragment(ActionCachePath.new(self, options, false).path)
         end
+      end
 
       class ActionCacheFilter #:nodoc:
         def initialize(options, &block)
-          @options = options
+          @cache_path, @store_options, @layout =
+            options.values_at(:cache_path, :store_options, :layout)
         end
 
         def filter(controller)
-          should_continue = before(controller)
-          yield if should_continue
-          after(controller)
-        end
-
-        def before(controller)
-          cache_path = ActionCachePath.new(controller, path_options_for(controller, @options.slice(:cache_path)))
-
-          if cache = controller.read_fragment(cache_path.path, @options[:store_options])
-            controller.rendered_action_cache = true
-            set_content_type!(controller, cache_path.extension)
-            options = { :text => cache }
-            options.merge!(:layout => true) if cache_layout?
-            controller.__send__(:render, options)
-            false
+          path_options = if @cache_path.respond_to?(:call)
+            controller.instance_exec(controller, &@cache_path)
           else
-            controller.action_cache_path = cache_path
-          end
-        end
-
-        def after(controller)
-          return if controller.rendered_action_cache || !caching_allowed(controller)
-          action_content = cache_layout? ? content_for_layout(controller) : controller.response.body
-          controller.write_fragment(controller.action_cache_path.path, action_content, @options[:store_options])
-        end
-
-        private
-          def set_content_type!(controller, extension)
-            controller.response.content_type = Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension(extension).to_s if extension
+            @cache_path
           end
 
-          def path_options_for(controller, options)
-            ((path_options = options[:cache_path]).respond_to?(:call) ? path_options.call(controller) : path_options) || {}
-          end
-
-          def caching_allowed(controller)
-            controller.request.get? && controller.response.status.to_i == 200
-          end
-
-          def cache_layout?
-            @options[:layout] == false
-          end
+          cache_path = ActionCachePath.new(controller, path_options || {})
 
-          def content_for_layout(controller)
-            template = controller.view_context
-            template.layout && template.instance_variable_get('@cached_content_for_layout')
+          if cache = controller.read_fragment(cache_path.path, @store_options)
+            controller._render_cache_fragment(cache, cache_path.extension, @layout == false)
+          else
+            yield
+            controller._save_fragment(cache_path.path, @layout == false, @store_options)
           end
+        end
       end
 
       class ActionCachePath
         attr_reader :path, :extension
 
-        class << self
-          def path_for(controller, options, infer_extension = true)
-            new(controller, options, infer_extension).path
-          end
-        end
-        
-        # If +infer_extension+ is true, the cache path extension is looked up from the request's path & format.
-        # This is desirable when reading and writing the cache, but not when expiring the cache -
-        # expire_action should expire the same files regardless of the request format.
+        # If +infer_extension+ is true, the cache path extension is looked up from the request's
+        # path & format. This is desirable when reading and writing the cache, but not when
+        # expiring the cache - expire_action should expire the same files regardless of the
+        # request format.
         def initialize(controller, options = {}, infer_extension = true)
           if infer_extension
-            extract_extension(controller.request)
-            options = options.reverse_merge(:format => @extension) if options.is_a?(Hash)
+            @extension = controller.params[:format]
+            options.reverse_merge!(:format => @extension) if options.is_a?(Hash)
           end
 
-          path = controller.url_for(options).split('://').last
-          normalize!(path)
-          add_extension!(path, @extension)
-          @path = URI.unescape(path)
+          path = controller.url_for(options).split(%r{://}).last
+          @path = normalize!(path)
         end
 
-        private
-          def normalize!(path)
-            path << 'index' if path[-1] == ?/
-          end
-
-          def add_extension!(path, extension)
-            path << ".#{extension}" if extension and !path.ends_with?(extension)
-          end
-          
-          def extract_extension(request)
-            # Don't want just what comes after the last '.' to accommodate multi part extensions
-            # such as tar.gz.
-            @extension = request.path[/^[^.]+\.(.+)$/, 1] || request.cache_format
-          end
+      private
+        def normalize!(path)
+          path << 'index' if path[-1] == ?/
+          path << ".#{extension}" if extension and !path.ends_with?(extension)
+          URI.unescape(path)
+        end
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/fragments.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/fragments.rb
index 59e24619e3..8c1167d526 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/fragments.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/fragments.rb
@@ -51,40 +51,32 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       # Writes <tt>content</tt> to the location signified by <tt>key</tt> (see <tt>expire_fragment</tt> for acceptable formats)
       def write_fragment(key, content, options = nil)
         return content unless cache_configured?
-
         key = fragment_cache_key(key)
-        event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:write_fragment, :key => key) do
+
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:write_fragment, :key => key) do
           cache_store.write(key, content, options)
         end
-
-        self.class.log_with_time("Cached fragment miss: #{key}", event.duration)
         content
       end
 
       # Reads a cached fragment from the location signified by <tt>key</tt> (see <tt>expire_fragment</tt> for acceptable formats)
       def read_fragment(key, options = nil)
         return unless cache_configured?
-
         key = fragment_cache_key(key)
-        event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:read_fragment, :key => key) do
+
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:read_fragment, :key => key) do
           cache_store.read(key, options)
         end
-
-        self.class.log_with_time("Cached fragment hit: #{key}", event.duration)
-        event.result
       end
 
       # Check if a cached fragment from the location signified by <tt>key</tt> exists (see <tt>expire_fragment</tt> for acceptable formats)
       def fragment_exist?(key, options = nil)
         return unless cache_configured?
-
         key = fragment_cache_key(key)
-        event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:fragment_exist?, :key => key) do
+
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:fragment_exist?, :key => key) do
           cache_store.exist?(key, options)
         end
-
-        self.class.log_with_time("Cached fragment exists?: #{key}", event.duration)
-        event.result
       end
 
       # Removes fragments from the cache.
@@ -106,11 +98,10 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       # method (or <tt>delete_matched</tt>, for Regexp keys.)
       def expire_fragment(key, options = nil)
         return unless cache_configured?
-
         key = fragment_cache_key(key) unless key.is_a?(Regexp)
         message = nil
 
-        event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:expire_fragment, :key => key) do
+        ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:expire_fragment, :key => key) do
           if key.is_a?(Regexp)
             message = "Expired fragments matching: #{key.source}"
             cache_store.delete_matched(key, options)
@@ -119,9 +110,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
             cache_store.delete(key, options)
           end
         end
-
-        self.class.log_with_time(message, event.duration)
-        event.result
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/pages.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/pages.rb
index 4fb154470f..d46f528c7e 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/pages.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/pages.rb
@@ -64,12 +64,9 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
           return unless perform_caching
           path = page_cache_path(path)
 
-          event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:expire_page, :path => path) do
+          ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:expire_page, :path => path) do
             File.delete(path) if File.exist?(path)
           end
-
-          log_with_time("Expired page: #{path}", event.duration)
-          event.result
         end
 
         # Manually cache the +content+ in the key determined by +path+. Example:
@@ -78,13 +75,10 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
           return unless perform_caching
           path = page_cache_path(path)
 
-          event = ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:cache_page, :path => path) do
+          ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:cache_page, :path => path) do
             FileUtils.makedirs(File.dirname(path))
             File.open(path, "wb+") { |f| f.write(content) }
           end
-
-          log_with_time("Cached page: #{path}", event.duration)
-          event.result
         end
 
         # Caches the +actions+ using the page-caching approach that'll store the cache in a path within the page_cache_directory that
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sweeping.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sweeping.rb
index c1be264ffb..871f41bfdd 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sweeping.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/caching/sweeping.rb
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         protected
           # gets the action cache path for the given options.
           def action_path_for(options)
-            ActionController::Caching::Actions::ActionCachePath.path_for(controller, options)
+            Actions::ActionCachePath.new(controller, options).path
           end
 
           # Retrieve instance variables set in the controller.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/deprecated.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/deprecated.rb
index d98e9ac7bd..589061e77c 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/deprecated.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/deprecated.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 ActionController::AbstractRequest = ActionController::Request = ActionDispatch::Request
 ActionController::AbstractResponse = ActionController::Response = ActionDispatch::Response
+ActionController::Routing = ActionDispatch::Routing
+ActionController::Routing::Routes = ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet.new
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatch/dispatcher.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatch/dispatcher.rb
index 008fb54715..e04da42637 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatch/dispatcher.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/dispatch/dispatcher.rb
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ module ActionController
 
       def new
         # DEPRECATE Rails application fallback
-        Rails.application.new
+        Rails.application
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/legacy/layout.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/legacy/layout.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 53762158fc..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/legacy/layout.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/enumerable'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes'
-
-module ActionController #:nodoc:
-  # MegasuperultraHAX
-  # plz refactor ActionMailer
-  class Base
-    @@exempt_from_layout = [ActionView::TemplateHandlers::RJS]
-    cattr_accessor :exempt_from_layout
-  end
-
-  module Layout #:nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-      base.class_inheritable_accessor :layout_name, :layout_conditions
-    end
-
-    # Layouts reverse the common pattern of including shared headers and footers in many templates to isolate changes in
-    # repeated setups. The inclusion pattern has pages that look like this:
-    #
-    #   <%= render "shared/header" %>
-    #   Hello World
-    #   <%= render "shared/footer" %>
-    #
-    # This approach is a decent way of keeping common structures isolated from the changing content, but it's verbose
-    # and if you ever want to change the structure of these two includes, you'll have to change all the templates.
-    #
-    # With layouts, you can flip it around and have the common structure know where to insert changing content. This means
-    # that the header and footer are only mentioned in one place, like this:
-    #
-    #   // The header part of this layout
-    #   <%= yield %>
-    #   // The footer part of this layout
-    #
-    # And then you have content pages that look like this:
-    #
-    #    hello world
-    #
-    # At rendering time, the content page is computed and then inserted in the layout, like this:
-    #
-    #   // The header part of this layout
-    #   hello world
-    #   // The footer part of this layout
-    #
-    # == Accessing shared variables
-    #
-    # Layouts have access to variables specified in the content pages and vice versa. This allows you to have layouts with
-    # references that won't materialize before rendering time:
-    #
-    #   <h1><%= @page_title %></h1>
-    #   <%= yield %>
-    #
-    # ...and content pages that fulfill these references _at_ rendering time:
-    #
-    #    <% @page_title = "Welcome" %>
-    #    Off-world colonies offers you a chance to start a new life
-    #
-    # The result after rendering is:
-    #
-    #   <h1>Welcome</h1>
-    #   Off-world colonies offers you a chance to start a new life
-    #
-    # == Automatic layout assignment
-    #
-    # If there is a template in <tt>app/views/layouts/</tt> with the same name as the current controller then it will be automatically
-    # set as that controller's layout unless explicitly told otherwise. Say you have a WeblogController, for example. If a template named
-    # <tt>app/views/layouts/weblog.erb</tt> or <tt>app/views/layouts/weblog.builder</tt> exists then it will be automatically set as
-    # the layout for your WeblogController. You can create a layout with the name <tt>application.erb</tt> or <tt>application.builder</tt>
-    # and this will be set as the default controller if there is no layout with the same name as the current controller and there is
-    # no layout explicitly assigned with the +layout+ method. Nested controllers use the same folder structure for automatic layout.
-    # assignment. So an Admin::WeblogController will look for a template named <tt>app/views/layouts/admin/weblog.erb</tt>.
-    # Setting a layout explicitly will always override the automatic behaviour for the controller where the layout is set.
-    # Explicitly setting the layout in a parent class, though, will not override the child class's layout assignment if the child
-    # class has a layout with the same name.
-    #
-    # == Inheritance for layouts
-    #
-    # Layouts are shared downwards in the inheritance hierarchy, but not upwards. Examples:
-    #
-    #   class BankController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout "bank_standard"
-    #
-    #   class InformationController < BankController
-    #
-    #   class VaultController < BankController
-    #     layout :access_level_layout
-    #
-    #   class EmployeeController < BankController
-    #     layout nil
-    #
-    # The InformationController uses "bank_standard" inherited from the BankController, the VaultController overwrites
-    # and picks the layout dynamically, and the EmployeeController doesn't want to use a layout at all.
-    #
-    # == Types of layouts
-    #
-    # Layouts are basically just regular templates, but the name of this template needs not be specified statically. Sometimes
-    # you want to alternate layouts depending on runtime information, such as whether someone is logged in or not. This can
-    # be done either by specifying a method reference as a symbol or using an inline method (as a proc).
-    #
-    # The method reference is the preferred approach to variable layouts and is used like this:
-    #
-    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout :writers_and_readers
-    #
-    #     def index
-    #       # fetching posts
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     private
-    #       def writers_and_readers
-    #         logged_in? ? "writer_layout" : "reader_layout"
-    #       end
-    #
-    # Now when a new request for the index action is processed, the layout will vary depending on whether the person accessing
-    # is logged in or not.
-    #
-    # If you want to use an inline method, such as a proc, do something like this:
-    #
-    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout proc{ |controller| controller.logged_in? ? "writer_layout" : "reader_layout" }
-    #
-    # Of course, the most common way of specifying a layout is still just as a plain template name:
-    #
-    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout "weblog_standard"
-    #
-    # If no directory is specified for the template name, the template will by default be looked for in <tt>app/views/layouts/</tt>.
-    # Otherwise, it will be looked up relative to the template root.
-    #
-    # == Conditional layouts
-    #
-    # If you have a layout that by default is applied to all the actions of a controller, you still have the option of rendering
-    # a given action or set of actions without a layout, or restricting a layout to only a single action or a set of actions. The
-    # <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options can be passed to the layout call. For example:
-    #
-    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout "weblog_standard", :except => :rss
-    #
-    #     # ...
-    #
-    #   end
-    #
-    # This will assign "weblog_standard" as the WeblogController's layout  except for the +rss+ action, which will not wrap a layout
-    # around the rendered view.
-    #
-    # Both the <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> condition can accept an arbitrary number of method references, so
-    # #<tt>:except => [ :rss, :text_only ]</tt> is valid, as is <tt>:except => :rss</tt>.
-    #
-    # == Using a different layout in the action render call
-    #
-    # If most of your actions use the same layout, it makes perfect sense to define a controller-wide layout as described above.
-    # Sometimes you'll have exceptions where one action wants to use a different layout than the rest of the controller.
-    # You can do this by passing a <tt>:layout</tt> option to the <tt>render</tt> call. For example:
-    #
-    #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
-    #     layout "weblog_standard"
-    #
-    #     def help
-    #       render :action => "help", :layout => "help"
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # This will render the help action with the "help" layout instead of the controller-wide "weblog_standard" layout.
-    module ClassMethods
-      extend ActiveSupport::Memoizable
-
-      # If a layout is specified, all rendered actions will have their result rendered
-      # when the layout <tt>yield</tt>s. This layout can itself depend on instance variables assigned during action
-      # performance and have access to them as any normal template would.
-      def layout(template_name, conditions = {}, auto = false)
-        add_layout_conditions(conditions)
-        self.layout_name = template_name
-      end
-
-      def memoized_default_layout(formats) #:nodoc:
-        self.layout_name || begin
-          layout = default_layout_name
-          layout.is_a?(String) ? find_layout(layout, formats) : layout
-        rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate
-        end
-      end
-
-      def default_layout(*args)
-        memoized_default_layout(*args)
-        @_memoized_default_layout ||= ::ActiveSupport::ConcurrentHash.new
-        @_memoized_default_layout[args] ||= memoized_default_layout(*args)
-      end
-
-      def memoized_find_layout(layout, formats) #:nodoc:
-        return layout if layout.nil? || layout.respond_to?(:render)
-        prefix = layout.to_s =~ /layouts\// ? nil : "layouts"
-        find_template(layout.to_s, {:formats => formats}, :_prefix => prefix)
-      end
-
-      def find_layout(*args)
-        @_memoized_find_layout ||= ::ActiveSupport::ConcurrentHash.new
-        @_memoized_find_layout[args] ||= memoized_find_layout(*args)
-      end
-
-      def layout_list #:nodoc:
-        Array(view_paths).sum([]) { |path| Dir["#{path}/layouts/**/*"] }
-      end
-      memoize :layout_list
-
-      def default_layout_name
-        layout_match = name.underscore.sub(/_controller$/, '')
-        if layout_list.grep(%r{layouts/#{layout_match}(\.[a-z][0-9a-z]*)+$}).empty?
-          superclass.default_layout_name if superclass.respond_to?(:default_layout_name)
-        else
-          layout_match
-        end
-      end
-      memoize :default_layout_name
-
-      private
-        def add_layout_conditions(conditions)
-          # :except => :foo == :except => [:foo] == :except => "foo" == :except => ["foo"]
-          conditions.each {|k, v| conditions[k] = Array(v).map {|a| a.to_s} }
-          write_inheritable_hash(:layout_conditions, conditions)
-        end
-    end
-    
-    def active_layout(name)
-      name = self.class.default_layout(formats) if name == true
-      
-      layout_name = case name
-        when Symbol     then __send__(name)
-        when Proc       then name.call(self)
-        else name
-      end
-
-      self.class.find_layout(layout_name, formats)
-    end
-
-    def _pick_layout(layout_name = nil, implicit = false)
-      return unless layout_name || implicit
-      layout_name = true if layout_name.nil?
-      active_layout(layout_name) if action_has_layout? && layout_name
-    end
-
-    private
-      def action_has_layout?
-        if conditions = self.class.layout_conditions
-          if only = conditions[:only]
-            return only.include?(action_name)
-          elsif except = conditions[:except]
-            return !except.include?(action_name) 
-          end
-        end
-        true
-      end
-
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb
index e9007d3631..60b3f9a89b 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal.rb
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ module ActionController
     # and response object available. You might wish to control the
     # environment and response manually for performance reasons.
 
-    attr_internal :status, :headers, :content_type, :app, :response
+    attr_internal :status, :headers, :content_type, :response
 
     def initialize(*)
       @_headers = {}
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ module ActionController
     end
 
     # :api: private
-    def call(name, env)
+    def dispatch(name, env)
       @_env = env
       process(name)
       to_a
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ module ActionController
       end
 
       def call(env)
-        controller = @controller.new.call(@action, env)
+        @controller.new.dispatch(@action, env)
       end
     end
 
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ module ActionController
       middleware_stack
     end
 
+    def self.call(env)
+      action(env['action_dispatch.request.path_parameters'][:action]).call(env)
+    end
+
     # Return a rack endpoint for the given action. Memoize the endpoint, so
     # multiple calls into MyController.action will return the same object
     # for the same action.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb
index d4cb1e122d..e58df69172 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/benchmarking.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'benchmark'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/benchmark'
 
 module ActionController #:nodoc:
   # The benchmarking module times the performance of actions and reports to the logger. If the Active Record
@@ -6,25 +6,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   module Benchmarking #:nodoc:
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-    module ClassMethods
-      # Log and benchmark the workings of a single block and silence whatever logging that may have happened inside it 
-      # (unless <tt>use_silence</tt> is set to false).
-      #
-      # The benchmark is only recorded if the current level of the logger matches the <tt>log_level</tt>, which makes it
-      # easy to include benchmarking statements in production software that will remain inexpensive because the benchmark
-      # will only be conducted if the log level is low enough.
-      def benchmark(title, log_level = Logger::DEBUG, use_silence = true)
-        if logger && logger.level == log_level
-          result = nil
-          ms = Benchmark.ms { result = use_silence ? silence { yield } : yield }
-          logger.add(log_level, "#{title} (#{('%.1f' % ms)}ms)")
-          result
-        else
-          yield
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
     protected
       def render(*args, &block)
         if logger
@@ -45,7 +26,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         else
           super
         end
-      end    
+      end
 
     private
       def process_action(*args)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
index 22f9ab219c..c251d79f4e 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ module ActionController
 
       # cattr_reader :protected_instance_variables
       cattr_accessor :protected_instance_variables
-      self.protected_instance_variables = %w(@assigns @performed_redirect @performed_render @variables_added @request_origin @url @parent_controller
-                                          @action_name @before_filter_chain_aborted @action_cache_path @_headers @_params
-                                          @_flash @_response)
+      self.protected_instance_variables = %w(@assigns @performed_redirect @performed_render
+                                             @variables_added @request_origin @url
+                                             @parent_controller @action_name
+                                             @before_filter_chain_aborted @_headers @_params
+                                             @_flash @_response)
 
       # Indicates whether or not optimise the generated named
       # route helper methods
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/conditional_get.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/conditional_get.rb
index 8575d30335..5156fbc1d5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/conditional_get.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/conditional_get.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ module ActionController
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
     include RackConvenience
+    include Head
 
     # Sets the etag, last_modified, or both on the response and renders a
     # "304 Not Modified" response if the request is already fresh.
@@ -27,43 +28,9 @@ module ActionController
 
       response.etag          = options[:etag]          if options[:etag]
       response.last_modified = options[:last_modified] if options[:last_modified]
+      response.cache_control[:public] = true if options[:public]
 
-      if options[:public]
-        response.cache_control[:public] = true
-      end
-
-      if request.fresh?(response)
-        head :not_modified
-      end
-    end
-
-    # Return a response that has no content (merely headers). The options
-    # argument is interpreted to be a hash of header names and values.
-    # This allows you to easily return a response that consists only of
-    # significant headers:
-    #
-    #   head :created, :location => person_path(@person)
-    #
-    # It can also be used to return exceptional conditions:
-    #
-    #   return head(:method_not_allowed) unless request.post?
-    #   return head(:bad_request) unless valid_request?
-    #   render
-    def head(*args)
-      if args.length > 2
-        raise ArgumentError, "too many arguments to head"
-      elsif args.empty?
-        raise ArgumentError, "too few arguments to head"
-      end
-      options  = args.extract_options!
-      status   = args.shift || options.delete(:status) || :ok
-      location = options.delete(:location)
-
-      options.each do |key, value|
-        headers[key.to_s.dasherize.split(/-/).map { |v| v.capitalize }.join("-")] = value.to_s
-      end
-
-      render :nothing => true, :status => status, :location => location
+      head :not_modified if request.fresh?(response)
     end
 
     # Sets the etag and/or last_modified on the response and checks it against
@@ -113,7 +80,7 @@ module ActionController
     # Sets a HTTP 1.1 Cache-Control header of "no-cache" so no caching should occur by the browser or
     # intermediate caches (like caching proxy servers).
     def expires_now #:doc:
-      response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+      response.cache_control.replace(:no_cache => true)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/configuration.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/configuration.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c829853b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/configuration.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+module ActionController
+  module Configuration
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+    
+    def config
+      @config ||= self.class.config
+    end
+    
+    def config=(config)
+      @config = config
+    end
+    
+    module ClassMethods
+      def default_config
+        @default_config ||= {}
+      end
+      
+      def config
+        self.config ||= default_config
+      end
+      
+      def config=(config)
+        @config = ActiveSupport::OrderedHash.new
+        @config.merge!(config)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/cookies.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/cookies.rb
index d4806623c3..6855ca1478 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/cookies.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/cookies.rb
@@ -44,24 +44,31 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   # * <tt>:httponly</tt> - Whether this cookie is accessible via scripting or
   #   only HTTP. Defaults to +false+.
   module Cookies
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.helper_method :cookies
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    include RackConvenience
+
+    included do
+      helper_method :cookies
     end
 
-    protected
-      # Returns the cookie container, which operates as described above.
-      def cookies
-        @cookies ||= CookieJar.new(self)
-      end
+  protected
+    # Returns the cookie container, which operates as described above.
+    def cookies
+      @cookies ||= CookieJar.build(request, response)
+    end
   end
 
   class CookieJar < Hash #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(controller)
-      @controller, @cookies = controller, controller.request.cookies
-      super()
-      update(@cookies)
+    def self.build(request, response)
+      new.tap do |hash|
+        hash.update(request.cookies)
+        hash.response = response
+      end
     end
 
+    attr_accessor :response
+
     # Returns the value of the cookie by +name+, or +nil+ if no such cookie exists.
     def [](name)
       super(name.to_s)
@@ -72,13 +79,16 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     def []=(key, options)
       if options.is_a?(Hash)
         options.symbolize_keys!
+        value = options[:value]
       else
-        options = { :value => options }
+        value = options
+        options = { :value => value }
       end
 
-      options[:path] = "/" unless options.has_key?(:path)
-      super(key.to_s, options[:value])
-      @controller.response.set_cookie(key, options)
+      super(key.to_s, value)
+      
+      options[:path] ||= "/"
+      response.set_cookie(key, options)
     end
 
     # Removes the cookie on the client machine by setting the value to an empty string
@@ -86,9 +96,10 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     # an options hash to delete cookies with extra data such as a <tt>:path</tt>.
     def delete(key, options = {})
       options.symbolize_keys!
-      options[:path] = "/" unless options.has_key?(:path)
-      super(key.to_s)
-      @controller.response.delete_cookie(key, options)
+      options[:path] ||= "/"
+      value = super(key.to_s)
+      response.delete_cookie(key, options)
+      value
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb
index 4259d9de19..a53c052075 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/filter_parameter_logging.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ module ActionController
 
     include AbstractController::Logger
 
-    included do
-      include InstanceMethodsForNewBase
-    end
-
     module ClassMethods
       # Replace sensitive parameter data from the request log.
       # Filters parameters that have any of the arguments as a substring.
@@ -17,8 +13,6 @@ module ActionController
       # can be replaced using String#replace or similar method.
       #
       # Examples:
-      #   filter_parameter_logging
-      #   => Does nothing, just slows the logging process down
       #
       #   filter_parameter_logging :password
       #   => replaces the value to all keys matching /password/i with "[FILTERED]"
@@ -33,64 +27,51 @@ module ActionController
       #   => reverses the value to all keys matching /secret/i, and
       #      replaces the value to all keys matching /foo|bar/i with "[FILTERED]"
       def filter_parameter_logging(*filter_words, &block)
-        parameter_filter = Regexp.new(filter_words.collect{ |s| s.to_s }.join('|'), true) if filter_words.length > 0
+        raise "You must filter at least one word from logging" if filter_words.empty?
+
+        parameter_filter = Regexp.new(filter_words.join('|'), true)
 
-        define_method(:filter_parameters) do |unfiltered_parameters|
-          filtered_parameters = {}
+        define_method(:filter_parameters) do |original_params|
+          filtered_params = {}
 
-          unfiltered_parameters.each do |key, value|
+          original_params.each do |key, value|
             if key =~ parameter_filter
-              filtered_parameters[key] = '[FILTERED]'
+              value = '[FILTERED]'
             elsif value.is_a?(Hash)
-              filtered_parameters[key] = filter_parameters(value)
+              value = filter_parameters(value)
             elsif value.is_a?(Array)
-              filtered_parameters[key] = value.collect do |item|
-                filter_parameters(item)
-              end
+              value = value.map { |item| filter_parameters(item) }
             elsif block_given?
               key = key.dup
               value = value.dup if value.duplicable?
               yield key, value
-              filtered_parameters[key] = value
-            else
-              filtered_parameters[key] = value
             end
+
+            filtered_params[key] = value
           end
 
-          filtered_parameters
+          filtered_params
         end
         protected :filter_parameters
       end
     end
 
-    module InstanceMethodsForNewBase
-      # TODO : Fix the order of information inside such that it's exactly same as the old base
-      def process(*)
-        ret = super
-
-        if logger
-          parameters = respond_to?(:filter_parameters) ? filter_parameters(params) : params.dup
-          parameters = parameters.except!(:controller, :action, :format, :_method, :only_path)
+    INTERNAL_PARAMS = [:controller, :action, :format, :_method, :only_path]
 
-          unless parameters.empty?
-            # TODO : Move DelayedLog to AS
-            log = AbstractController::Logger::DelayedLog.new { "  Parameters: #{parameters.inspect}" }
-            logger.info(log)
-          end
-        end
-
-        ret
+    def process(*)
+      response = super
+      if logger
+        parameters = filter_parameters(params).except!(*INTERNAL_PARAMS)
+        logger.info { "  Parameters: #{parameters.inspect}" } unless parameters.empty?
       end
+      response
     end
 
-    private
+  protected
 
-    # TODO : This method is not needed for the new base
-    def log_processing_for_parameters
-      parameters = respond_to?(:filter_parameters) ? filter_parameters(params) : params.dup
-      parameters = parameters.except!(:controller, :action, :format, :_method)
-
-      logger.info "  Parameters: #{parameters.inspect}" unless parameters.empty?
+    def filter_parameters(params)
+      params.dup
     end
+
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb
index 8753253dc6..feb066a6f6 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/flash.rb
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     class FlashHash < Hash
       def initialize #:nodoc:
         super
-        @used = {}
+        @used = Set.new
       end
 
       def []=(k, v) #:nodoc:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       alias :merge! :update
 
       def replace(h) #:nodoc:
-        @used = {}
+        @used = Set.new
         super
       end
 
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       # This method is called automatically by filters, so you generally don't need to care about it.
       def sweep #:nodoc:
         keys.each do |k|
-          unless @used[k]
-            use(k)
+          unless @used.include?(k)
+            @used << k
           else
             delete(k)
             @used.delete(k)
@@ -113,47 +113,45 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         end
 
         # clean up after keys that could have been left over by calling reject! or shift on the flash
-        (@used.keys - keys).each{ |k| @used.delete(k) }
+        (@used - keys).each{ |k| @used.delete(k) }
       end
 
-      def store(session, key = "flash")
+      def store(session)
         return if self.empty?
-        session[key] = self
+        session["flash"] = self
       end
 
-      private
-        # Used internally by the <tt>keep</tt> and <tt>discard</tt> methods
-        #     use()               # marks the entire flash as used
-        #     use('msg')          # marks the "msg" entry as used
-        #     use(nil, false)     # marks the entire flash as unused (keeps it around for one more action)
-        #     use('msg', false)   # marks the "msg" entry as unused (keeps it around for one more action)
-        # Returns the single value for the key you asked to be marked (un)used or the FlashHash itself
-        # if no key is passed.
-        def use(key = nil, used = true)
-          Array(key || keys).each { |k| @used[k] = used }
-          return key ? self[key] : self
-        end
+    private
+      # Used internally by the <tt>keep</tt> and <tt>discard</tt> methods
+      #     use()               # marks the entire flash as used
+      #     use('msg')          # marks the "msg" entry as used
+      #     use(nil, false)     # marks the entire flash as unused (keeps it around for one more action)
+      #     use('msg', false)   # marks the "msg" entry as unused (keeps it around for one more action)
+      # Returns the single value for the key you asked to be marked (un)used or the FlashHash itself
+      # if no key is passed.
+      def use(key = nil, used = true)
+        Array(key || keys).each { |k| used ? @used << k : @used.delete(k) }
+        return key ? self[key] : self
+      end
     end
 
   protected
     def process_action(method_name)
       super
-      if defined? @_flash
-        @_flash.store(session)
-        remove_instance_variable(:@_flash)
-      end
+      @_flash.store(session) if @_flash
+      @_flash = nil
     end
 
     def reset_session
       super
-      remove_instance_variable(:@_flash) if defined?(@_flash)
+      @_flash = nil
     end
 
     # Access the contents of the flash. Use <tt>flash["notice"]</tt> to
     # read a notice you put there or <tt>flash["notice"] = "hello"</tt>
     # to put a new one.
     def flash #:doc:
-      if !defined?(@_flash)
+      unless @_flash
         @_flash = session["flash"] || FlashHash.new
         @_flash.sweep
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/head.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/head.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68fa0a0402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/head.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module ActionController
+  module Head
+    # Return a response that has no content (merely headers). The options
+    # argument is interpreted to be a hash of header names and values.
+    # This allows you to easily return a response that consists only of
+    # significant headers:
+    #
+    #   head :created, :location => person_path(@person)
+    #
+    # It can also be used to return exceptional conditions:
+    #
+    #   return head(:method_not_allowed) unless request.post?
+    #   return head(:bad_request) unless valid_request?
+    #   render
+    def head(status, options = {})
+      options, status = status, nil if status.is_a?(Hash)
+      status ||= options.delete(:status) || :ok
+      location = options.delete(:location)
+
+      options.each do |key, value|
+        headers[key.to_s.dasherize.split(/-/).map { |v| v.capitalize }.join("-")] = value.to_s
+      end
+
+      render :nothing => true, :status => status, :location => location
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/helpers.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/helpers.rb
index 7c52779064..b4325e24ad 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/helpers.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/helpers.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/dependencies'
-
 module ActionController
   # The Rails framework provides a large number of helpers for working with +assets+, +dates+, +forms+,
   # +numbers+ and model objects, to name a few. These helpers are available to all templates
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ module ActionController
     included do
       # Set the default directory for helpers
       extlib_inheritable_accessor(:helpers_dir) do
-        defined?(RAILS_ROOT) ? "#{RAILS_ROOT}/app/helpers" : "app/helpers"
+        defined?(Rails) ? "#{Rails.root}/app/helpers" : "app/helpers"
       end
     end
 
@@ -64,46 +62,6 @@ module ActionController
         super
       end
 
-      # The +helper+ class method can take a series of helper module names, a block, or both.
-      #
-      # ==== Parameters
-      # *args<Array[Module, Symbol, String, :all]>
-      # block<Block>:: A block defining helper methods
-      #
-      # ==== Examples
-      # When the argument is a string or symbol, the method will provide the "_helper" suffix, require the file
-      # and include the module in the template class.  The second form illustrates how to include custom helpers
-      # when working with namespaced controllers, or other cases where the file containing the helper definition is not
-      # in one of Rails' standard load paths:
-      #   helper :foo             # => requires 'foo_helper' and includes FooHelper
-      #   helper 'resources/foo'  # => requires 'resources/foo_helper' and includes Resources::FooHelper
-      #
-      # When the argument is a module it will be included directly in the template class.
-      #   helper FooHelper # => includes FooHelper
-      #
-      # When the argument is the symbol <tt>:all</tt>, the controller will include all helpers beneath
-      # <tt>ActionController::Base.helpers_dir</tt> (defaults to <tt>app/helpers/**/*.rb</tt> under RAILS_ROOT).
-      #   helper :all
-      #
-      # Additionally, the +helper+ class method can receive and evaluate a block, making the methods defined available
-      # to the template.
-      #   # One line
-      #   helper { def hello() "Hello, world!" end }
-      #   # Multi-line
-      #   helper do
-      #     def foo(bar)
-      #       "#{bar} is the very best"
-      #     end
-      #   end
-      #
-      # Finally, all the above styles can be mixed together, and the +helper+ method can be invoked with a mix of
-      # +symbols+, +strings+, +modules+ and blocks.
-      #   helper(:three, BlindHelper) { def mice() 'mice' end }
-      #
-      def helper(*args, &block)
-        super(*_modules_for_helpers(args), &block)
-      end
-
       # Declares helper accessors for controller attributes. For example, the
       # following adds new +name+ and <tt>name=</tt> instance methods to a
       # controller and makes them available to the view:
@@ -123,15 +81,8 @@ module ActionController
       end
 
     private
-      # Returns a list of modules, normalized from the acceptable kinds of
-      # helpers with the following behavior:
-      # String or Symbol:: :FooBar or "FooBar" becomes "foo_bar_helper",
-      #   and "foo_bar_helper.rb" is loaded using require_dependency.
-      # :all:: Loads all modules in the #helpers_dir
-      # Module:: No further processing
-      #
-      # After loading the appropriate files, the corresponding modules
-      # are returned.
+      # Overwrite _modules_for_helpers to accept :all as argument, which loads
+      # all helpers in helpers_dir.
       #
       # ==== Parameters
       # args<Array[String, Symbol, Module, all]>:: A list of helpers
@@ -140,20 +91,8 @@ module ActionController
       # Array[Module]:: A normalized list of modules for the list of
       #   helpers provided.
       def _modules_for_helpers(args)
-        args.flatten.map! do |arg|
-          case arg
-          when :all
-            _modules_for_helpers all_application_helpers
-          when String, Symbol
-            file_name = "#{arg.to_s.underscore}_helper"
-            require_dependency(file_name, "Missing helper file helpers/%s.rb")
-            file_name.camelize.constantize
-          when Module
-            arg
-          else
-            raise ArgumentError, "helper must be a String, Symbol, or Module"
-          end
-        end
+        args += all_application_helpers if args.delete(:all)
+        super(args)
       end
 
       def default_helper_module!
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/layouts.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/layouts.rb
index cac529b1ae..cc7088248a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/layouts.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/layouts.rb
@@ -167,26 +167,5 @@ module ActionController
         controller_path
       end
     end
-
-    private
-      def _determine_template(options)
-        super
-
-        return if (options.key?(:text) || options.key?(:inline) || options.key?(:partial)) && !options.key?(:layout)
-        layout = options.key?(:layout) ? options[:layout] : :default
-        options[:_layout] = _layout_for_option(layout, options[:_template].details)
-      end
-
-      def _layout_for_option(name, details)
-        case name
-        when String     then _layout_for_name(name, details)
-        when true       then _default_layout(details, true)
-        when :default   then _default_layout(details, false)
-        when false, nil then nil
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "String, true, or false, expected for `layout'; you passed #{name.inspect}"
-        end
-      end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb
index 3026067868..468c5f4fae 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
     included do
-      class_inheritable_reader :mimes_for_respond_to
+      extlib_inheritable_accessor :responder, :mimes_for_respond_to, :instance_writer => false
+      self.responder = ActionController::Responder
       clear_respond_to
     end
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       # Clear all mimes in respond_to.
       #
       def clear_respond_to
-        write_inheritable_attribute(:mimes_for_respond_to, ActiveSupport::OrderedHash.new)
+        self.mimes_for_respond_to = ActiveSupport::OrderedHash.new
       end
     end
 
@@ -221,10 +222,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       end
     end
 
-    def responder
-      ActionController::Responder
-    end
-
   protected
 
     # Collect mimes declared in the class method respond_to valid for the
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb
index a80569c530..131d20114d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_convenience.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module ActionController
       attr_internal :request
     end
 
-    def call(name, env)
+    def dispatch(action, env)
       @_request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
       @_response = ActionDispatch::Response.new
       @_response.request = request
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/redirector.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/redirector.rb
index f79fd54acd..b55f5e7bfc 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/redirector.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/redirector.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ module ActionController
       logger.info("Redirected to #{url}") if logger && logger.info?
       self.status = status
       self.location = url.gsub(/[\r\n]/, '')
-      self.response_body = "<html><body>You are being <a href=\"#{CGI.escapeHTML(url)}\">redirected</a>.</body></html>"
+      self.response_body = "<html><body>You are being <a href=\"#{ERB::Util.h(url)}\">redirected</a>.</body></html>"
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb
index 4da32ca1b3..237299cd30 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering_controller.rb
@@ -1,54 +1,18 @@
 module ActionController
-  class HashKey
-    @hash_keys = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = {} } }
-
-    def self.get(klass, formats, locale)
-      @hash_keys[klass][formats][locale] ||= new(klass, formats, locale)
-    end
-
-    attr_accessor :hash
-    def initialize(klass, formats, locale)
-      @formats, @locale = formats, locale
-      @hash = [formats, locale].hash
-    end
-
-    alias_method :eql?, :equal?
-
-    def inspect
-      "#<HashKey -- formats: #{@formats} locale: #{@locale}>"
-    end
-  end
-
   module RenderingController
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-    include AbstractController::RenderingController
-
-    module ClassMethods
-      def clear_template_caches!
-        ActionView::Partials::PartialRenderer::TEMPLATES.clear
-        template_cache.clear
-        super
-      end
-
-      def template_cache
-        @template_cache ||= Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = {} }
-      end
+    included do
+      include AbstractController::RenderingController
+      include AbstractController::LocalizedCache
     end
 
     def process_action(*)
       self.formats = request.formats.map {|x| x.to_sym}
-
-      super
-    end
-
-    def _determine_template(*)
       super
     end
 
     def render(options)
-      Thread.current[:format_locale_key] = HashKey.get(self.class, formats, I18n.locale)
-
       super
       self.content_type ||= options[:_template].mime_type.to_s
       response_body
@@ -70,29 +34,19 @@ module ActionController
         controller_path
       end
 
-      def with_template_cache(name)
-        self.class.template_cache[Thread.current[:format_locale_key]][name] ||= super
-      end
-
       def _determine_template(options)
-        if options.key?(:text)
-          options[:_template] = ActionView::TextTemplate.new(options[:text], formats.first)
-        elsif options.key?(:inline)
-          handler = ActionView::Template.handler_class_for_extension(options[:type] || "erb")
-          template = ActionView::Template.new(options[:inline], "inline #{options[:inline].inspect}", handler, {})
-          options[:_template] = template
-        elsif options.key?(:template)
-          options[:_template_name] = options[:template]
-        elsif options.key?(:file)
-          options[:_template_name] = options[:file]
-        elsif !options.key?(:partial)
-          options[:_template_name] = (options[:action] || action_name).to_s
+        if (options.keys & [:partial, :file, :template, :text, :inline]).empty?
+          options[:_template_name] ||= options[:action]
           options[:_prefix] = _prefix
         end
 
         super
       end
 
+      def format_for_text
+        formats.first
+      end
+
       def _process_options(options)
         status, content_type, location = options.values_at(:status, :content_type, :location)
         self.status = status if status
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb
index ad06657f86..113c20a758 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   module RequestForgeryProtection
     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-    # TODO : Remove the defined? check when new base is the main base
     include AbstractController::Helpers, Session
 
     included do
@@ -21,26 +20,26 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       helper_method :protect_against_forgery?
     end
     
-    # Protecting controller actions from CSRF attacks by ensuring that all forms are coming from the current web application, not a
-    # forged link from another site, is done by embedding a token based on a random string stored in the session (which an attacker wouldn't know) in all
-    # forms and Ajax requests generated by Rails and then verifying the authenticity of that token in the controller.  Only
-    # HTML/JavaScript requests are checked, so this will not protect your XML API (presumably you'll have a different authentication
-    # scheme there anyway).  Also, GET requests are not protected as these should be idempotent anyway.
+    # Protecting controller actions from CSRF attacks by ensuring that all forms are coming from the current 
+    # web application, not a forged link from another site, is done by embedding a token based on a random 
+    # string stored in the session (which an attacker wouldn't know) in all forms and Ajax requests generated
+    # by Rails and then verifying the authenticity of that token in the controller.  Only HTML/JavaScript 
+    # requests are checked, so this will not protect your XML API (presumably you'll have a different 
+    # authentication scheme there anyway).  Also, GET requests are not protected as these should be 
+    # idempotent anyway.
     #
     # This is turned on with the <tt>protect_from_forgery</tt> method, which will check the token and raise an
-    # ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken if it doesn't match what was expected. You can customize the error message in
-    # production by editing public/422.html.  A call to this method in ApplicationController is generated by default in post-Rails 2.0
-    # applications.
+    # ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken if it doesn't match what was expected. You can customize the 
+    # error message in production by editing public/422.html.  A call to this method in ApplicationController is
+    # generated by default in post-Rails 2.0 applications.
     #
-    # The token parameter is named <tt>authenticity_token</tt> by default. If you are generating an HTML form manually (without the
-    # use of Rails' <tt>form_for</tt>, <tt>form_tag</tt> or other helpers), you have to include a hidden field named like that and
-    # set its value to what is returned by <tt>form_authenticity_token</tt>. Same applies to manually constructed Ajax requests. To
-    # make the token available through a global variable to scripts on a certain page, you could add something like this to a view:
+    # The token parameter is named <tt>authenticity_token</tt> by default. If you are generating an HTML form 
+    # manually (without the use of Rails' <tt>form_for</tt>, <tt>form_tag</tt> or other helpers), you have to 
+    # include a hidden field named like that and set its value to what is returned by 
+    # <tt>form_authenticity_token</tt>.
     #
-    #   <%= javascript_tag "window._token = '#{form_authenticity_token}'" %>
-    #
-    # Request forgery protection is disabled by default in test environment.  If you are upgrading from Rails 1.x, add this to
-    # config/environments/test.rb:
+    # Request forgery protection is disabled by default in test environment. If you are upgrading from Rails 
+    # 1.x, add this to config/environments/test.rb:
     #
     #   # Disable request forgery protection in test environment
     #   config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection = false
@@ -57,7 +56,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     # * Keep your GET requests safe and idempotent.  More reading material:
     #   * http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/04/24/deviant.html
     #   * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html#sec9.1.1
-    # * Make sure the session cookies that Rails creates are non-persistent.  Check in Firefox and look for "Expires: at end of session"
+    #   * Make sure the session cookies that Rails creates are non-persistent.  Check in Firefox and look 
+    #     for "Expires: at end of session"
     #
     module ClassMethods
       # Turn on request forgery protection. Bear in mind that only non-GET, HTML/JavaScript requests are checked.
@@ -76,10 +76,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       # * <tt>:only/:except</tt> - Passed to the <tt>before_filter</tt> call.  Set which actions are verified.
       def protect_from_forgery(options = {})
         self.request_forgery_protection_token ||= :authenticity_token
-        before_filter :verify_authenticity_token, :only => options.delete(:only), :except => options.delete(:except)
-        if options[:secret] || options[:digest]
-          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("protect_from_forgery only takes :only and :except options now. :digest and :secret have no effect", caller)
-        end
+        before_filter :verify_authenticity_token, options
       end
     end
 
@@ -88,31 +85,24 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       def verify_authenticity_token
         verified_request? || raise(ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken)
       end
-      
+
       # Returns true or false if a request is verified.  Checks:
       #
       # * is the format restricted?  By default, only HTML requests are checked.
       # * is it a GET request?  Gets should be safe and idempotent
       # * Does the form_authenticity_token match the given token value from the params?
       def verified_request?
-        !protect_against_forgery?     ||
-          request.method == :get      ||
-          request.xhr?                ||
-          !verifiable_request_format? ||
+        !protect_against_forgery? || request.forgery_whitelisted? || 
           form_authenticity_token == params[request_forgery_protection_token]
       end
-    
-      def verifiable_request_format?
-        !request.content_type.nil? && request.content_type.verify_request?
-      end
-    
+
       # Sets the token value for the current session.
       def form_authenticity_token
         session[:_csrf_token] ||= ActiveSupport::SecureRandom.base64(32)
       end
 
       def protect_against_forgery?
-        allow_forgery_protection && request_forgery_protection_token
+        allow_forgery_protection
       end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/responder.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/responder.rb
index a16ed97131..e8e88e7479 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/responder.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/responder.rb
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
   #
   # When a request comes, for example with format :xml, three steps happen:
   #
-  #   1) respond_with searches for a template at people/index.xml;
+  #   1) responder searches for a template at people/index.xml;
   #
-  #   2) if the template is not available, it will create a responder, passing
-  #      the controller and the resource and invoke :to_xml on it;
+  #   2) if the template is not available, it will invoke :to_xml in the given resource;
   #
-  #   3) if the responder does not respond_to :to_xml, call to_format on it.
+  #   3) if the responder does not respond_to :to_xml, call :to_format on it.
   #
   # === Builtin HTTP verb semantics
   #
@@ -88,14 +87,16 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       @resource = resources.is_a?(Array) ? resources.last : resources
       @resources = resources
       @options = options
+      @action = options.delete(:action)
       @default_response = options.delete(:default_response)
     end
 
     delegate :head, :render, :redirect_to,   :to => :controller
     delegate :get?, :post?, :put?, :delete?, :to => :request
 
-    # Undefine :to_json since it's defined on Object
-    undef_method :to_json
+    # Undefine :to_json and :to_yaml since it's defined on Object
+    undef_method(:to_json) if method_defined?(:to_json)
+    undef_method(:to_yaml) if method_defined?(:to_yaml)
 
     # Initializes a new responder an invoke the proper format. If the format is
     # not defined, call to_format.
@@ -111,14 +112,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     #
     def to_html
       default_render
-    rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate
-      if get?
-        raise
-      elsif has_errors?
-        render :action => default_action
-      else
-        redirect_to resource_location
-      end
+    rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate => e
+      navigation_behavior(e)
     end
 
     # All others formats follow the procedure below. First we try to render a
@@ -127,9 +122,26 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     #
     def to_format
       default_render
-    rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate
+    rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate => e
       raise unless resourceful?
+      api_behavior(e)
+    end
 
+  protected
+
+    # This is the common behavior for "navigation" requests, like :html, :iphone and so forth.
+    def navigation_behavior(error)
+      if get?
+        raise error
+      elsif has_errors?
+        render :action => default_action
+      else
+        redirect_to resource_location
+      end
+    end
+
+    # This is the common behavior for "API" requests, like :xml and :json.
+    def api_behavior(error)
       if get?
         display resource
       elsif has_errors?
@@ -141,8 +153,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       end
     end
 
-  protected
-
     # Checks whether the resource responds to the current format or not.
     #
     def resourceful?
@@ -194,7 +204,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     # the verb is post.
     #
     def default_action
-      request.post? ? :new : :edit
+      @action || (request.post? ? :new : :edit)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/session_management.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/session_management.rb
index 654aa08cd3..d70f40ce7a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/session_management.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/session_management.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 module ActionController #:nodoc:
   module SessionManagement #:nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.class_eval do
-        extend ClassMethods
-      end
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    include ActionController::Configuration
 
     module ClassMethods
       # Set the session store to be used for keeping the session data between requests.
@@ -35,13 +33,6 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
         session_options.merge!(options)
       end
 
-      # Returns the hash used to configure the session. Example use:
-      #
-      #   ActionController::Base.session_options[:secure] = true # session only available over HTTPS
-      def session_options
-        @session_options ||= {}
-      end
-
       def session(*args)
         ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
           "Disabling sessions for a single controller has been deprecated. " +
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
index 4761763a26..43c661bef4 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/bytesize'
-
 module ActionController #:nodoc:
   # Methods for sending arbitrary data and for streaming files to the browser,
   # instead of rendering.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/verification.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/verification.rb
index d3d78e3749..500cced539 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/verification.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/verification.rb
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       #   do not apply this verification to the actions specified in the associated 
       #   array (may also be a single value).
       def verify(options={})
-        before_filter :only => options[:only], :except => options[:except] do |c|
-          c.__send__ :verify_action, options
+        before_filter :only => options[:only], :except => options[:except] do
+          verify_action options
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/middleware.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/middleware.rb
index fac0ed2645..17275793b7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/middleware.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/middleware.rb
@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 module ActionController
   class Middleware < Metal
     class ActionMiddleware
-      def initialize(controller)
-        @controller = controller
+      def initialize(controller, app)
+        @controller, @app = controller, app
       end
 
       def call(env)
-        controller = @controller.allocate
-        controller.send(:initialize)
-        controller.app = @app
-        controller._call(env)
+        @controller.build(@app).dispatch(:index, env)
       end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      alias build new
 
-      def app=(app)
-        @app = app
+      def new(app)
+        ActionMiddleware.new(self, app)
       end
     end
-    
-    def self.new(app)
-      middleware = ActionMiddleware.new(self)
-      middleware.app = app
-      middleware
+
+    attr_internal :app
+
+    def process(action)
+      response = super
+      self.status, self.headers, self.response_body = response if response.is_a?(Array)
+      response
     end
-    
-    def _call(env)
-      @_env = env
-      @_request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
-      @_response = ActionDispatch::Response.new
-      @_response.request = @_request
-      process(:index)
+
+    def initialize(app)
+      super()
+      @_app = app
     end
     
     def index
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/notifications.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/notifications.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a4f29e0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/notifications.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require 'active_support/notifications'
+
+ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/(read|write|cache|expire|exist)_(fragment|page)\??/) do |*args|
+  event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
+
+  if logger = ActionController::Base.logger
+    human_name = event.name.to_s.humanize
+    logger.info("#{human_name} (%.1fms)" % event.duration)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/generation/polymorphic_routes.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb
index 2adf3575a7..eaed00cfb7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/generation/polymorphic_routes.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/polymorphic_routes.rb
@@ -80,9 +80,8 @@ module ActionController
         record_or_hash_or_array = record_or_hash_or_array[0] if record_or_hash_or_array.size == 1
       end
 
-      record    = extract_record(record_or_hash_or_array)
-      record    = record.to_model if record.respond_to?(:to_model)
-      namespace = extract_namespace(record_or_hash_or_array)
+      record = extract_record(record_or_hash_or_array)
+      record = record.to_model if record.respond_to?(:to_model)
 
       args = case record_or_hash_or_array
         when Hash;  [ record_or_hash_or_array ]
@@ -105,8 +104,7 @@ module ActionController
       end
 
       args.delete_if {|arg| arg.is_a?(Symbol) || arg.is_a?(String)}
-
-      named_route = build_named_route_call(record_or_hash_or_array, namespace, inflection, options)
+      named_route = build_named_route_call(record_or_hash_or_array, inflection, options)
 
       url_options = options.except(:action, :routing_type)
       unless url_options.empty?
@@ -138,18 +136,6 @@ module ActionController
       EOT
     end
 
-    def formatted_polymorphic_url(record_or_hash, options = {})
-      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("formatted_polymorphic_url has been deprecated. Please pass :format to the polymorphic_url method instead", caller)
-      options[:format] = record_or_hash.pop if Array === record_or_hash
-      polymorphic_url(record_or_hash, options)
-    end
-
-    def formatted_polymorphic_path(record_or_hash, options = {})
-      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("formatted_polymorphic_path has been deprecated. Please pass :format to the polymorphic_path method instead", caller)
-      options[:format] = record_or_hash.pop if record_or_hash === Array
-      polymorphic_url(record_or_hash, options.merge(:routing_type => :path))
-    end
-
     private
       def action_prefix(options)
         options[:action] ? "#{options[:action]}_" : ''
@@ -159,7 +145,7 @@ module ActionController
         options[:routing_type] || :url
       end
 
-      def build_named_route_call(records, namespace, inflection, options = {})
+      def build_named_route_call(records, inflection, options = {})
         unless records.is_a?(Array)
           record = extract_record(records)
           route  = ''
@@ -169,7 +155,7 @@ module ActionController
             if parent.is_a?(Symbol) || parent.is_a?(String)
               string << "#{parent}_"
             else
-              string << "#{RecordIdentifier.__send__("plural_class_name", parent)}".singularize
+              string << RecordIdentifier.__send__("plural_class_name", parent).singularize
               string << "_"
             end
           end
@@ -178,12 +164,12 @@ module ActionController
         if record.is_a?(Symbol) || record.is_a?(String)
           route << "#{record}_"
         else
-          route << "#{RecordIdentifier.__send__("plural_class_name", record)}"
+          route << RecordIdentifier.__send__("plural_class_name", record)
           route = route.singularize if inflection == :singular
           route << "_"
         end
 
-        action_prefix(options) + namespace + route + routing_type(options).to_s
+        action_prefix(options) + route + routing_type(options).to_s
       end
 
       def extract_record(record_or_hash_or_array)
@@ -193,18 +179,5 @@ module ActionController
           else        record_or_hash_or_array
         end
       end
-
-      # Remove the first symbols from the array and return the url prefix
-      # implied by those symbols.
-      def extract_namespace(record_or_hash_or_array)
-        return "" unless record_or_hash_or_array.is_a?(Array)
-
-        namespace_keys = []
-        while (key = record_or_hash_or_array.first) && key.is_a?(String) || key.is_a?(Symbol)
-          namespace_keys << record_or_hash_or_array.shift
-        end
-
-        namespace_keys.map {|k| "#{k}_"}.join
-      end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/builder.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/builder.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 42ad12e1ea..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/builder.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/except'
-
-module ActionController
-  module Routing
-    class RouteBuilder #:nodoc:
-      attr_reader :separators, :optional_separators
-      attr_reader :separator_regexp, :nonseparator_regexp, :interval_regexp
-
-      def initialize
-        @separators = Routing::SEPARATORS
-        @optional_separators = %w( / )
-
-        @separator_regexp = /[#{Regexp.escape(separators.join)}]/
-        @nonseparator_regexp = /\A([^#{Regexp.escape(separators.join)}]+)/
-        @interval_regexp = /(.*?)(#{separator_regexp}|$)/
-      end
-
-      # Accepts a "route path" (a string defining a route), and returns the array
-      # of segments that corresponds to it. Note that the segment array is only
-      # partially initialized--the defaults and requirements, for instance, need
-      # to be set separately, via the +assign_route_options+ method, and the
-      # <tt>optional?</tt> method for each segment will not be reliable until after
-      # +assign_route_options+ is called, as well.
-      def segments_for_route_path(path)
-        rest, segments = path, []
-
-        until rest.empty?
-          segment, rest = segment_for(rest)
-          segments << segment
-        end
-        segments
-      end
-
-      # A factory method that returns a new segment instance appropriate for the
-      # format of the given string.
-      def segment_for(string)
-        segment =
-          case string
-            when  /\A\.(:format)?\// 
-              OptionalFormatSegment.new
-            when /\A:(\w+)/
-              key = $1.to_sym
-              key == :controller ? ControllerSegment.new(key) : DynamicSegment.new(key)
-            when /\A\*(\w+)/
-              PathSegment.new($1.to_sym, :optional => true)
-            when /\A\?(.*?)\?/
-              StaticSegment.new($1, :optional => true)
-            when nonseparator_regexp
-              StaticSegment.new($1)
-            when separator_regexp
-              DividerSegment.new($&, :optional => optional_separators.include?($&))
-          end
-        [segment, $~.post_match]
-      end
-
-      # Split the given hash of options into requirement and default hashes. The
-      # segments are passed alongside in order to distinguish between default values
-      # and requirements.
-      def divide_route_options(segments, options)
-        options = options.except(:path_prefix, :name_prefix)
-
-        if options[:namespace]
-          options[:controller] = "#{options.delete(:namespace).sub(/\/$/, '')}/#{options[:controller]}"
-        end
-
-        requirements = (options.delete(:requirements) || {}).dup
-        defaults     = (options.delete(:defaults)     || {}).dup
-        conditions   = (options.delete(:conditions)   || {}).dup
-
-        validate_route_conditions(conditions)
-
-        path_keys = segments.collect { |segment| segment.key if segment.respond_to?(:key) }.compact
-        options.each do |key, value|
-          hash = (path_keys.include?(key) && ! value.is_a?(Regexp)) ? defaults : requirements
-          hash[key] = value
-        end
-
-        [defaults, requirements, conditions]
-      end
-
-      # Takes a hash of defaults and a hash of requirements, and assigns them to
-      # the segments. Any unused requirements (which do not correspond to a segment)
-      # are returned as a hash.
-      def assign_route_options(segments, defaults, requirements)
-        route_requirements = {} # Requirements that do not belong to a segment
-
-        segment_named = Proc.new do |key|
-          segments.detect { |segment| segment.key == key if segment.respond_to?(:key) }
-        end
-
-        requirements.each do |key, requirement|
-          segment = segment_named[key]
-          if segment
-            raise TypeError, "#{key}: requirements on a path segment must be regular expressions" unless requirement.is_a?(Regexp)
-            if requirement.source =~ %r{\A(\\A|\^)|(\\Z|\\z|\$)\Z}
-              raise ArgumentError, "Regexp anchor characters are not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
-            end
-            if requirement.multiline?
-              raise ArgumentError, "Regexp multiline option not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
-            end
-            segment.regexp = requirement
-          else
-            route_requirements[key] = requirement
-          end
-        end
-
-        defaults.each do |key, default|
-          segment = segment_named[key]
-          raise ArgumentError, "#{key}: No matching segment exists; cannot assign default" unless segment
-          segment.is_optional = true
-          segment.default = default.to_param if default
-        end
-
-        assign_default_route_options(segments)
-        ensure_required_segments(segments)
-        route_requirements
-      end
-
-      # Assign default options, such as 'index' as a default for <tt>:action</tt>. This
-      # method must be run *after* user supplied requirements and defaults have
-      # been applied to the segments.
-      def assign_default_route_options(segments)
-        segments.each do |segment|
-          next unless segment.is_a? DynamicSegment
-          case segment.key
-            when :action
-              if segment.regexp.nil? || segment.regexp.match('index').to_s == 'index'
-                segment.default ||= 'index'
-                segment.is_optional = true
-              end
-            when :id
-              if segment.default.nil? && segment.regexp.nil? || segment.regexp =~ ''
-                segment.is_optional = true
-              end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Makes sure that there are no optional segments that precede a required
-      # segment. If any are found that precede a required segment, they are
-      # made required.
-      def ensure_required_segments(segments)
-        allow_optional = true
-        segments.reverse_each do |segment|
-          allow_optional &&= segment.optional?
-          if !allow_optional && segment.optional?
-            unless segment.optionality_implied?
-              warn "Route segment \"#{segment.to_s}\" cannot be optional because it precedes a required segment. This segment will be required."
-            end
-            segment.is_optional = false
-          elsif allow_optional && segment.respond_to?(:default) && segment.default
-            # if a segment has a default, then it is optional
-            segment.is_optional = true
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Construct and return a route with the given path and options.
-      def build(path, options)
-        # Wrap the path with slashes
-        path = "/#{path}" unless path[0] == ?/
-        path = "#{path}/" unless path[-1] == ?/
-
-        prefix = options[:path_prefix].to_s.gsub(/^\//,'')
-        path = "/#{prefix}#{path}" unless prefix.blank?
-
-        segments = segments_for_route_path(path)
-        defaults, requirements, conditions = divide_route_options(segments, options)
-        requirements = assign_route_options(segments, defaults, requirements)
-
-        # TODO: Segments should be frozen on initialize
-        segments.each { |segment| segment.freeze }
-
-        route = Route.new(segments, requirements, conditions)
-
-        if !route.significant_keys.include?(:controller)
-          raise ArgumentError, "Illegal route: the :controller must be specified!"
-        end
-
-        route.freeze
-      end
-
-      private
-        def validate_route_conditions(conditions)
-          if method = conditions[:method]
-            [method].flatten.each do |m|
-              if m == :head
-                raise ArgumentError, "HTTP method HEAD is invalid in route conditions. Rails processes HEAD requests the same as GETs, returning just the response headers"
-              end
-
-              unless HTTP_METHODS.include?(m.to_sym)
-                raise ArgumentError, "Invalid HTTP method specified in route conditions: #{conditions.inspect}"
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/optimisations.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/optimisations.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 714cf97861..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/optimisations.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-module ActionController
-  module Routing
-    # Much of the slow performance from routes comes from the
-    # complexity of expiry, <tt>:requirements</tt> matching, defaults providing
-    # and figuring out which url pattern to use.  With named routes
-    # we can avoid the expense of finding the right route.  So if
-    # they've provided the right number of arguments, and have no
-    # <tt>:requirements</tt>, we can just build up a string and return it.
-    #
-    # To support building optimisations for other common cases, the
-    # generation code is separated into several classes
-    module Optimisation
-      def generate_optimisation_block(route, kind)
-        return "" unless route.optimise?
-        OPTIMISERS.inject("") do |memo, klazz|
-          memo << klazz.new(route, kind).source_code
-          memo
-        end
-      end
-
-      class Optimiser
-        attr_reader :route, :kind
-        GLOBAL_GUARD_CONDITIONS = [
-          "(!defined?(default_url_options) || default_url_options.blank?)",
-          "(!defined?(controller.default_url_options) || controller.default_url_options.blank?)",
-          "defined?(request)",
-          "request"
-          ]
-
-        def initialize(route, kind)
-          @route = route
-          @kind  = kind
-        end
-
-        def guard_conditions
-          ["false"]
-        end
-
-        def generation_code
-          'nil'
-        end
-
-        def source_code
-          if applicable?
-            guard_condition = (GLOBAL_GUARD_CONDITIONS + guard_conditions).join(" && ")
-            "return #{generation_code} if #{guard_condition}\n"
-          else
-            "\n"
-          end
-        end
-
-        # Temporarily disabled <tt>:url</tt> optimisation pending proper solution to
-        # Issues around request.host etc.
-        def applicable?
-          true
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Given a route
-      #
-      #   map.person '/people/:id'
-      #
-      # If the user calls <tt>person_url(@person)</tt>, we can simply
-      # return a string like "/people/#{@person.to_param}"
-      # rather than triggering the expensive logic in +url_for+.
-      class PositionalArguments < Optimiser
-        def guard_conditions
-          number_of_arguments = route.required_segment_keys.size
-          # if they're using foo_url(:id=>2) it's one
-          # argument, but we don't want to generate /foos/id2
-          if number_of_arguments == 1
-            ["args.size == 1", "!args.first.is_a?(Hash)"]
-          else
-            ["args.size == #{number_of_arguments}"]
-          end
-        end
-
-        def generation_code
-          elements = []
-          idx = 0
-
-          if kind == :url
-            elements << '#{request.protocol}'
-            elements << '#{request.host_with_port}'
-          end
-
-          elements << '#{ActionController::Base.relative_url_root if ActionController::Base.relative_url_root}'
-
-          # The last entry in <tt>route.segments</tt> appears to *always* be a
-          # 'divider segment' for '/' but we have assertions to ensure that
-          # we don't include the trailing slashes, so skip them.
-          (route.segments.size == 1 ? route.segments : route.segments[0..-2]).each do |segment|
-            if segment.is_a?(DynamicSegment)
-              elements << segment.interpolation_chunk("args[#{idx}].to_param")
-              idx += 1
-            else
-              elements << segment.interpolation_chunk
-            end
-          end
-          %("#{elements * ''}")
-        end
-      end
-
-      # This case is mostly the same as the positional arguments case
-      # above, but it supports additional query parameters as the last
-      # argument
-      class PositionalArgumentsWithAdditionalParams < PositionalArguments
-        def guard_conditions
-          ["args.size == #{route.segment_keys.size + 1}"] +
-          UrlRewriter::RESERVED_OPTIONS.collect{ |key| "!args.last.has_key?(:#{key})" }
-        end
-
-        # This case uses almost the same code as positional arguments,
-        # but add a question mark and args.last.to_query on the end,
-        # unless the last arg is empty
-        def generation_code
-          super.insert(-2, '#{\'?\' + args.last.to_query unless args.last.empty?}')
-        end
-
-        # To avoid generating "http://localhost/?host=foo.example.com" we
-        # can't use this optimisation on routes without any segments
-        def applicable?
-          super && route.segment_keys.size > 0
-        end
-      end
-
-      OPTIMISERS = [PositionalArguments, PositionalArgumentsWithAdditionalParams]
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/recognition_optimisation.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/recognition_optimisation.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bfebff0c0..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/recognition_optimisation.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-module ActionController
-  module Routing
-    # BEFORE:   0.191446860631307 ms/url
-    # AFTER:    0.029847304022858 ms/url
-    # Speed up: 6.4 times
-    #
-    # Route recognition is slow due to one-by-one iterating over
-    # a whole routeset (each map.resources generates at least 14 routes)
-    # and matching weird regexps on each step.
-    #
-    # We optimize this by skipping all URI segments that 100% sure can't
-    # be matched, moving deeper in a tree of routes (where node == segment)
-    # until first possible match is accured. In such case, we start walking
-    # a flat list of routes, matching them with accurate matcher.
-    # So, first step: search a segment tree for the first relevant index.
-    # Second step: iterate routes starting with that index.
-    #
-    # How tree is walked? We can do a recursive tests, but it's smarter:
-    # We just create a tree of if-s and elsif-s matching segments.
-    #
-    # We have segments of 3 flavors:
-    # 1) nil (no segment, route finished)
-    # 2) const-dot-dynamic (like "/posts.:xml", "/preview.:size.jpg")
-    # 3) const (like "/posts", "/comments")
-    # 4) dynamic ("/:id", "file.:size.:extension")
-    #
-    # We split incoming string into segments and iterate over them.
-    # When segment is nil, we drop immediately, on a current node index.
-    # When segment is equal to some const, we step into branch.
-    # If none constants matched, we step into 'dynamic' branch (it's a last).
-    # If we can't match anything, we drop to last index on a level.
-    #
-    # Note: we maintain the original routes order, so we finish building
-    #       steps on a first dynamic segment.
-    #
-    #
-    # Example. Given the routes:
-    #   0 /posts/
-    #   1 /posts/:id
-    #   2 /posts/:id/comments
-    #   3 /posts/blah
-    #   4 /users/
-    #   5 /users/:id
-    #   6 /users/:id/profile
-    #
-    # request_uri = /users/123
-    #
-    # There will be only 4 iterations:
-    #  1) segm test for /posts prefix, skip all /posts/* routes
-    #  2) segm test for /users/
-    #  3) segm test for /users/:id
-    #     (jump to list index = 5)
-    #  4) full test for /users/:id => here we are!
-    class RouteSet
-      def recognize_path(path, environment={})
-        result = recognize_optimized(path, environment) and return result
-
-        # Route was not recognized. Try to find out why (maybe wrong verb).
-        allows = HTTP_METHODS.select { |verb| routes.find { |r| r.recognize(path, environment.merge(:method => verb)) } }
-
-        if environment[:method] && !HTTP_METHODS.include?(environment[:method])
-          raise NotImplemented.new(*allows)
-        elsif !allows.empty?
-          raise MethodNotAllowed.new(*allows)
-        else
-          raise RoutingError, "No route matches #{path.inspect} with #{environment.inspect}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      def segment_tree(routes)
-        tree = [0]
-
-        i = -1
-        routes.each do |route|
-          i += 1
-          # not fast, but runs only once
-          segments = to_plain_segments(route.segments.inject("") { |str,s| str << s.to_s })
-
-          node  = tree
-          segments.each do |seg|
-            seg = :dynamic if seg && seg[0] == ?:
-            node << [seg, [i]] if node.empty? || node[node.size - 1][0] != seg
-            node = node[node.size - 1][1]
-          end
-        end
-        tree
-      end
-
-      def generate_code(list, padding='  ', level = 0)
-        # a digit
-        return padding + "#{list[0]}\n" if list.size == 1 && !(Array === list[0])
-
-        body = padding + "(seg = segments[#{level}]; \n"
-
-        i = 0
-        was_nil = false
-        list.each do |item|
-          if Array === item
-            i += 1
-            start = (i == 1)
-            tag, sub = item
-            if tag == :dynamic
-              body += padding + "#{start ? 'if' : 'elsif'} true\n"
-              body += generate_code(sub, padding + "  ", level + 1)
-              break
-            elsif tag == nil && !was_nil
-              was_nil = true
-              body += padding + "#{start ? 'if' : 'elsif'} seg.nil?\n"
-              body += generate_code(sub, padding + "  ", level + 1)
-            else
-              body += padding + "#{start ? 'if' : 'elsif'} seg == '#{tag}'\n"
-              body += generate_code(sub, padding + "  ", level + 1)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-        body += padding + "else\n"
-        body += padding + "  #{list[0]}\n"
-        body += padding + "end)\n"
-        body
-      end
-
-      # this must be really fast
-      def to_plain_segments(str)
-        str = str.dup
-        str.sub!(/^\/+/,'')
-        str.sub!(/\/+$/,'')
-        segments = str.split(/\.[^\/]+\/+|\/+|\.[^\/]+\Z/) # cut off ".format" also
-        segments << nil
-        segments
-      end
-
-      private
-        def write_recognize_optimized!
-          tree = segment_tree(routes)
-          body = generate_code(tree)
-
-          remove_recognize_optimized!
-
-          instance_eval %{
-            def recognize_optimized(path, env)
-              segments = to_plain_segments(path)
-              index = #{body}
-              return nil unless index
-              while index < routes.size
-                result = routes[index].recognize(path, env) and return result
-                index += 1
-              end
-              nil
-            end
-          }, '(recognize_optimized)', 1
-        end
-
-        def clear_recognize_optimized!
-          remove_recognize_optimized!
-          write_recognize_optimized!
-        end
-
-        def remove_recognize_optimized!
-          if respond_to?(:recognize_optimized)
-            class << self
-              remove_method :recognize_optimized
-            end
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/resources.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/resources.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 06506435a2..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/resources.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,685 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'
-
-module ActionController
-  # == Overview
-  #
-  # ActionController::Resources are a way of defining RESTful \resources.  A RESTful \resource, in basic terms,
-  # is something that can be pointed at and it will respond with a representation of the data requested.
-  # In real terms this could mean a user with a browser requests an HTML page, or that a desktop application
-  # requests XML data.
-  #
-  # RESTful design is based on the assumption that there are four generic verbs that a user of an
-  # application can request from a \resource (the noun).
-  #
-  # \Resources can be requested using four basic HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), the method used
-  # denotes the type of action that should take place.
-  #
-  # === The Different Methods and their Usage
-  #
-  # * GET    - Requests for a \resource, no saving or editing of a \resource should occur in a GET request.
-  # * POST   - Creation of \resources.
-  # * PUT    - Editing of attributes on a \resource.
-  # * DELETE - Deletion of a \resource.
-  #
-  # === Examples
-  #
-  #   # A GET request on the Posts resource is asking for all Posts
-  #   GET /posts
-  #
-  #   # A GET request on a single Post resource is asking for that particular Post
-  #   GET /posts/1
-  #
-  #   # A POST request on the Posts resource is asking for a Post to be created with the supplied details
-  #   POST /posts # with => { :post => { :title => "My Whizzy New Post", :body => "I've got a brand new combine harvester" } }
-  #
-  #   # A PUT request on a single Post resource is asking for a Post to be updated
-  #   PUT /posts # with => { :id => 1, :post => { :title => "Changed Whizzy Title" } }
-  #
-  #   # A DELETE request on a single Post resource is asking for it to be deleted
-  #   DELETE /posts # with => { :id => 1 }
-  #
-  # By using the REST convention, users of our application can assume certain things about how the data
-  # is requested and how it is returned.  Rails simplifies the routing part of RESTful design by
-  # supplying you with methods to create them in your routes.rb file.
-  #
-  # Read more about REST at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer
-  module Resources
-    INHERITABLE_OPTIONS = :namespace, :shallow
-
-    class Resource #:nodoc:
-      DEFAULT_ACTIONS = :index, :create, :new, :edit, :show, :update, :destroy
-
-      attr_reader :collection_methods, :member_methods, :new_methods
-      attr_reader :path_prefix, :name_prefix, :path_segment
-      attr_reader :plural, :singular
-      attr_reader :options
-
-      def initialize(entities, options)
-        @plural   ||= entities
-        @singular ||= options[:singular] || plural.to_s.singularize
-        @path_segment = options.delete(:as) || @plural
-
-        @options = options
-
-        arrange_actions
-        add_default_actions
-        set_allowed_actions
-        set_prefixes
-      end
-
-      def controller
-        @controller ||= "#{options[:namespace]}#{(options[:controller] || plural).to_s}"
-      end
-
-      def requirements(with_id = false)
-        @requirements   ||= @options[:requirements] || {}
-        @id_requirement ||= { :id => @requirements.delete(:id) || /[^#{Routing::SEPARATORS.join}]+/ }
-
-        with_id ? @requirements.merge(@id_requirement) : @requirements
-      end
-
-      def conditions
-        @conditions ||= @options[:conditions] || {}
-      end
-
-      def path
-        @path ||= "#{path_prefix}/#{path_segment}"
-      end
-
-      def new_path
-        new_action   = self.options[:path_names][:new] if self.options[:path_names]
-        new_action ||= Base.resources_path_names[:new]
-        @new_path  ||= "#{path}/#{new_action}"
-      end
-
-      def shallow_path_prefix
-        @shallow_path_prefix ||= @options[:shallow] ? @options[:namespace].try(:sub, /\/$/, '') : path_prefix
-      end
-
-      def member_path
-        @member_path ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:id"
-      end
-
-      def nesting_path_prefix
-        @nesting_path_prefix ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:#{singular}_id"
-      end
-
-      def shallow_name_prefix
-        @shallow_name_prefix ||= @options[:shallow] ? @options[:namespace].try(:gsub, /\//, '_') : name_prefix
-      end
-
-      def nesting_name_prefix
-        "#{shallow_name_prefix}#{singular}_"
-      end
-
-      def action_separator
-        @action_separator ||= Base.resource_action_separator
-      end
-
-      def uncountable?
-        @singular.to_s == @plural.to_s
-      end
-
-      def has_action?(action)
-        !DEFAULT_ACTIONS.include?(action) || action_allowed?(action)
-      end
-
-      protected
-        def arrange_actions
-          @collection_methods = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:collection))
-          @member_methods     = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:member))
-          @new_methods        = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:new))
-        end
-
-        def add_default_actions
-          add_default_action(member_methods, :get, :edit)
-          add_default_action(new_methods, :get, :new)
-        end
-
-        def set_allowed_actions
-          only, except = @options.values_at(:only, :except)
-          @allowed_actions ||= {}
-
-          if only == :all || except == :none
-            only = nil
-            except = []
-          elsif only == :none || except == :all
-            only = []
-            except = nil
-          end
-
-          if only
-            @allowed_actions[:only] = Array(only).map {|a| a.to_sym }
-          elsif except
-            @allowed_actions[:except] = Array(except).map {|a| a.to_sym }
-          end
-        end
-
-        def action_allowed?(action)
-          only, except = @allowed_actions.values_at(:only, :except)
-          (!only || only.include?(action)) && (!except || !except.include?(action))
-        end
-
-        def set_prefixes
-          @path_prefix = options.delete(:path_prefix)
-          @name_prefix = options.delete(:name_prefix)
-        end
-
-        def arrange_actions_by_methods(actions)
-          (actions || {}).inject({}) do |flipped_hash, (key, value)|
-            (flipped_hash[value] ||= []) << key
-            flipped_hash
-          end
-        end
-
-        def add_default_action(collection, method, action)
-          (collection[method] ||= []).unshift(action)
-        end
-    end
-
-    class SingletonResource < Resource #:nodoc:
-      def initialize(entity, options)
-        @singular = @plural = entity
-        options[:controller] ||= @singular.to_s.pluralize
-        super
-      end
-
-      alias_method :shallow_path_prefix, :path_prefix
-      alias_method :shallow_name_prefix, :name_prefix
-      alias_method :member_path,         :path
-      alias_method :nesting_path_prefix, :path
-    end
-
-    # Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers
-    # for a collection \resource.
-    #
-    # For example:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages
-    #
-    # will map the following actions in the corresponding controller:
-    #
-    #   class MessagesController < ActionController::Base
-    #     # GET messages_url
-    #     def index
-    #       # return all messages
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # GET new_message_url
-    #     def new
-    #       # return an HTML form for describing a new message
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # POST messages_url
-    #     def create
-    #       # create a new message
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # GET message_url(:id => 1)
-    #     def show
-    #       # find and return a specific message
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # GET edit_message_url(:id => 1)
-    #     def edit
-    #       # return an HTML form for editing a specific message
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # PUT message_url(:id => 1)
-    #     def update
-    #       # find and update a specific message
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # DELETE message_url(:id => 1)
-    #     def destroy
-    #       # delete a specific message
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Along with the routes themselves, +resources+ generates named routes for use in
-    # controllers and views. <tt>map.resources :messages</tt> produces the following named routes and helpers:
-    #
-    #   Named Route   Helpers
-    #   ============  =====================================================
-    #   messages      messages_url, hash_for_messages_url,
-    #                 messages_path, hash_for_messages_path
-    #
-    #   message       message_url(id), hash_for_message_url(id),
-    #                 message_path(id), hash_for_message_path(id)
-    #
-    #   new_message   new_message_url, hash_for_new_message_url,
-    #                 new_message_path, hash_for_new_message_path
-    #
-    #   edit_message  edit_message_url(id), hash_for_edit_message_url(id),
-    #                 edit_message_path(id), hash_for_edit_message_path(id)
-    #
-    # You can use these helpers instead of +url_for+ or methods that take +url_for+ parameters. For example:
-    #
-    #   redirect_to :controller => 'messages', :action => 'index'
-    #   # and
-    #   <%= link_to "edit this message", :controller => 'messages', :action => 'edit', :id => @message.id %>
-    #
-    # now become:
-    #
-    #   redirect_to messages_url
-    #   # and
-    #   <%= link_to "edit this message", edit_message_url(@message) # calls @message.id automatically
-    #
-    # Since web browsers don't support the PUT and DELETE verbs, you will need to add a parameter '_method' to your
-    # form tags. The form helpers make this a little easier. For an update form with a <tt>@message</tt> object:
-    #
-    #   <%= form_tag message_path(@message), :method => :put %>
-    #
-    # or
-    #
-    #   <% form_for :message, @message, :url => message_path(@message), :html => {:method => :put} do |f| %>
-    #
-    # or
-    #
-    #   <% form_for @message do |f| %>
-    #
-    # which takes into account whether <tt>@message</tt> is a new record or not and generates the
-    # path and method accordingly.
-    #
-    # The +resources+ method accepts the following options to customize the resulting routes:
-    # * <tt>:collection</tt> - Add named routes for other actions that operate on the collection.
-    #   Takes a hash of <tt>#{action} => #{method}</tt>, where method is <tt>:get</tt>/<tt>:post</tt>/<tt>:put</tt>/<tt>:delete</tt>,
-    #   an array of any of the previous, or <tt>:any</tt> if the method does not matter.
-    #   These routes map to a URL like /messages/rss, with a route of +rss_messages_url+.
-    # * <tt>:member</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on a specific member.
-    # * <tt>:new</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on the new \resource action.
-    # * <tt>:controller</tt> - Specify the controller name for the routes.
-    # * <tt>:singular</tt> - Specify the singular name used in the member routes.
-    # * <tt>:requirements</tt> - Set custom routing parameter requirements; this is a hash of either 
-    #     regular expressions (which must match for the route to match) or extra parameters. For example:
-    #
-    #       map.resource :profile, :path_prefix => ':name', :requirements => { :name => /[a-zA-Z]+/, :extra => 'value' }
-    #
-    #     will only match if the first part is alphabetic, and will pass the parameter :extra to the controller.
-    # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - Specify custom routing recognition conditions.  \Resources sets the <tt>:method</tt> value for the method-specific routes.
-    # * <tt>:as</tt> - Specify a different \resource name to use in the URL path. For example:
-    #     # products_path == '/productos'
-    #     map.resources :products, :as => 'productos' do |product|
-    #       # product_reviews_path(product) == '/productos/1234/comentarios'
-    #       product.resources :product_reviews, :as => 'comentarios'
-    #     end
-    #
-    # * <tt>:has_one</tt> - Specify nested \resources, this is a shorthand for mapping singleton \resources beneath the current.
-    # * <tt>:has_many</tt> - Same has <tt>:has_one</tt>, but for plural \resources.
-    #
-    #   You may directly specify the routing association with +has_one+ and +has_many+ like:
-    #
-    #     map.resources :notes, :has_one => :author, :has_many => [:comments, :attachments]
-    #
-    #   This is the same as:
-    #
-    #     map.resources :notes do |notes|
-    #       notes.resource  :author
-    #       notes.resources :comments
-    #       notes.resources :attachments
-    #     end
-    #
-    # * <tt>:path_names</tt> - Specify different path names for the actions. For example:
-    #     # new_products_path == '/productos/nuevo'
-    #     # bids_product_path(1) == '/productos/1/licitacoes'
-    #     map.resources :products, :as => 'productos', :member => { :bids => :get }, :path_names => { :new => 'nuevo', :bids => 'licitacoes' }
-    #
-    #   You can also set default action names from an environment, like this:
-    #     config.action_controller.resources_path_names = { :new => 'nuevo', :edit => 'editar' }
-    #
-    # * <tt>:path_prefix</tt> - Set a prefix to the routes with required route variables.
-    #
-    #   Weblog comments usually belong to a post, so you might use +resources+ like:
-    #
-    #     map.resources :articles
-    #     map.resources :comments, :path_prefix => '/articles/:article_id'
-    #
-    #   You can nest +resources+ calls to set this automatically:
-    #
-    #     map.resources :articles do |article|
-    #       article.resources :comments
-    #     end
-    #
-    #   The comment \resources work the same, but must now include a value for <tt>:article_id</tt>.
-    #
-    #     article_comments_url(@article)
-    #     article_comment_url(@article, @comment)
-    #
-    #     article_comments_url(:article_id => @article)
-    #     article_comment_url(:article_id => @article, :id => @comment)
-    #
-    #   If you don't want to load all objects from the database you might want to use the <tt>article_id</tt> directly:
-    #
-    #     articles_comments_url(@comment.article_id, @comment)
-    #
-    # * <tt>:name_prefix</tt> - Define a prefix for all generated routes, usually ending in an underscore.
-    #   Use this if you have named routes that may clash.
-    #
-    #     map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/books/:book_id', :name_prefix => 'book_'
-    #     map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/toys/:toy_id',   :name_prefix => 'toy_'
-    #
-    # You may also use <tt>:name_prefix</tt> to override the generic named routes in a nested \resource:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :articles do |article|
-    #     article.resources :comments, :name_prefix => nil
-    #   end
-    #
-    # This will yield named \resources like so:
-    #
-    #   comments_url(@article)
-    #   comment_url(@article, @comment)
-    #
-    # * <tt>:shallow</tt> - If true, paths for nested resources which reference a specific member
-    #   (ie. those with an :id parameter) will not use the parent path prefix or name prefix.
-    #
-    # The <tt>:shallow</tt> option is inherited by any nested resource(s).
-    #
-    # For example, 'users', 'posts' and 'comments' all use shallow paths with the following nested resources:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :users, :shallow => true do |user|
-    #     user.resources :posts do |post|
-    #       post.resources :comments
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #   # --> GET /users/1/posts (maps to the PostsController#index action as usual)
-    #   #     also adds the usual named route called "user_posts"
-    #   # --> GET /posts/2 (maps to the PostsController#show action as if it were not nested)
-    #   #     also adds the named route called "post"
-    #   # --> GET /posts/2/comments (maps to the CommentsController#index action)
-    #   #     also adds the named route called "post_comments"
-    #   # --> GET /comments/2 (maps to the CommentsController#show action as if it were not nested)
-    #   #     also adds the named route called "comment"
-    #
-    # You may also use <tt>:shallow</tt> in combination with the +has_one+ and +has_many+ shorthand notations like:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :users, :has_many => { :posts => :comments }, :shallow => true
-    #
-    # * <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> - Specify which of the seven default actions should be routed to.
-    #
-    # <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> may be set to <tt>:all</tt>, <tt>:none</tt>, an action name or a
-    # list of action names. By default, routes are generated for all seven actions.
-    #
-    # For example:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :posts, :only => [:index, :show] do |post|
-    #     post.resources :comments, :except => [:update, :destroy]
-    #   end
-    #   # --> GET /posts (maps to the PostsController#index action)
-    #   # --> POST /posts (fails)
-    #   # --> GET /posts/1 (maps to the PostsController#show action)
-    #   # --> DELETE /posts/1 (fails)
-    #   # --> POST /posts/1/comments (maps to the CommentsController#create action)
-    #   # --> PUT /posts/1/comments/1 (fails)
-    #
-    # If <tt>map.resources</tt> is called with multiple resources, they all get the same options applied.
-    #
-    # Examples:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :path_prefix => "/thread/:thread_id"
-    #   # --> GET /thread/7/messages/1
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :collection => { :rss => :get }
-    #   # --> GET /messages/rss (maps to the #rss action)
-    #   #     also adds a named route called "rss_messages"
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :member => { :mark => :post }
-    #   # --> POST /messages/1/mark (maps to the #mark action)
-    #   #     also adds a named route called "mark_message"
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :new => { :preview => :post }
-    #   # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
-    #   #     also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :new => { :new => :any, :preview => :post }
-    #   # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
-    #   #     also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
-    #   # --> /messages/new can be invoked via any request method
-    #
-    #   map.resources :messages, :controller => "categories",
-    #         :path_prefix => "/category/:category_id",
-    #         :name_prefix => "category_"
-    #   # --> GET /categories/7/messages/1
-    #   #     has named route "category_message"
-    #
-    # The +resources+ method sets HTTP method restrictions on the routes it generates. For example, making an
-    # HTTP POST on <tt>new_message_url</tt> will raise a RoutingError exception. The default route in
-    # <tt>config/routes.rb</tt> overrides this and allows invalid HTTP methods for \resource routes.
-    def resources(*entities, &block)
-      options = entities.extract_options!
-      entities.each { |entity| map_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
-    end
-
-    # Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers for a singleton \resource.
-    # A singleton \resource is global to its current context.  For unnested singleton \resources,
-    # the \resource is global to the current user visiting the application, such as a user's
-    # <tt>/account</tt> profile.  For nested singleton \resources, the \resource is global to its parent
-    # \resource, such as a <tt>projects</tt> \resource that <tt>has_one :project_manager</tt>.
-    # The <tt>project_manager</tt> should be mapped as a singleton \resource under <tt>projects</tt>:
-    #
-    #   map.resources :projects do |project|
-    #     project.resource :project_manager
-    #   end
-    #
-    # See +resources+ for general conventions.  These are the main differences:
-    # * A singular name is given to <tt>map.resource</tt>.  The default controller name is still taken from the plural name.
-    # * To specify a custom plural name, use the <tt>:plural</tt> option.  There is no <tt>:singular</tt> option.
-    # * No default index route is created for the singleton \resource controller.
-    # * When nesting singleton \resources, only the singular name is used as the path prefix (example: 'account/messages/1')
-    #
-    # For example:
-    #
-    #   map.resource :account
-    #
-    # maps these actions in the Accounts controller:
-    #
-    #   class AccountsController < ActionController::Base
-    #     # GET new_account_url
-    #     def new
-    #       # return an HTML form for describing the new account
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # POST account_url
-    #     def create
-    #       # create an account
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # GET account_url
-    #     def show
-    #       # find and return the account
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # GET edit_account_url
-    #     def edit
-    #       # return an HTML form for editing the account
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # PUT account_url
-    #     def update
-    #       # find and update the account
-    #     end
-    #
-    #     # DELETE account_url
-    #     def destroy
-    #       # delete the account
-    #     end
-    #   end
-    #
-    # Along with the routes themselves, +resource+ generates named routes for
-    # use in controllers and views. <tt>map.resource :account</tt> produces
-    # these named routes and helpers:
-    #
-    #   Named Route   Helpers
-    #   ============  =============================================
-    #   account       account_url, hash_for_account_url,
-    #                 account_path, hash_for_account_path
-    #
-    #   new_account   new_account_url, hash_for_new_account_url,
-    #                 new_account_path, hash_for_new_account_path
-    #
-    #   edit_account  edit_account_url, hash_for_edit_account_url,
-    #                 edit_account_path, hash_for_edit_account_path
-    def resource(*entities, &block)
-      options = entities.extract_options!
-      entities.each { |entity| map_singleton_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
-    end
-
-    private
-      def map_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
-        resource = Resource.new(entities, options)
-
-        with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
-          map_associations(resource, options)
-
-          if block_given?
-            with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
-          end
-
-          map_collection_actions(map, resource)
-          map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
-          map_new_actions(map, resource)
-          map_member_actions(map, resource)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_singleton_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
-        resource = SingletonResource.new(entities, options)
-
-        with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
-          map_associations(resource, options)
-
-          if block_given?
-            with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
-          end
-
-          map_collection_actions(map, resource)
-          map_new_actions(map, resource)
-          map_member_actions(map, resource)
-          map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_associations(resource, options)
-        map_has_many_associations(resource, options.delete(:has_many), options) if options[:has_many]
-
-        path_prefix = "#{options.delete(:path_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_path_prefix}"
-        name_prefix = "#{options.delete(:name_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_name_prefix}"
-
-        Array(options[:has_one]).each do |association|
-          resource(association, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => path_prefix, :name_prefix => name_prefix))
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_has_many_associations(resource, associations, options)
-        case associations
-        when Hash
-          associations.each do |association,has_many|
-            map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options.merge(:has_many => has_many))
-          end
-        when Array
-          associations.each do |association|
-            map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options)
-          end
-        when Symbol, String
-          resources(associations, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix, :has_many => options[:has_many]))
-        else
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_collection_actions(map, resource)
-        resource.collection_methods.each do |method, actions|
-          actions.each do |action|
-            [method].flatten.each do |m|
-              action_path = resource.options[:path_names][action] if resource.options[:path_names].is_a?(Hash)
-              action_path ||= action
-
-              map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action_path}", "#{action}_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}", m)
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
-        index_route_name = "#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}"
-
-        if resource.uncountable?
-          index_route_name << "_index"
-        end
-
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :index, resource.path, index_route_name)
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, index_route_name)
-      end
-
-      def map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}")
-      end
-
-      def map_new_actions(map, resource)
-        resource.new_methods.each do |method, actions|
-          actions.each do |action|
-            route_path = resource.new_path
-            route_name = "new_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
-
-            unless action == :new
-              route_path = "#{route_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action}"
-              route_name = "#{action}_#{route_name}"
-            end
-
-            map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name, method)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def map_member_actions(map, resource)
-        resource.member_methods.each do |method, actions|
-          actions.each do |action|
-            [method].flatten.each do |m|
-              action_path = resource.options[:path_names][action] if resource.options[:path_names].is_a?(Hash)
-              action_path ||= Base.resources_path_names[action] || action
-
-              map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.member_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action_path}", "#{action}_#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}", m, { :force_id => true })
-            end
-          end
-        end
-
-        route_path = "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :show, resource.member_path, route_path)
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :update, resource.member_path, route_path)
-        map_resource_routes(map, resource, :destroy, resource.member_path, route_path)
-      end
-
-      def map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name = nil, method = nil, resource_options = {} )
-        if resource.has_action?(action)
-          action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method, resource_options)
-          formatted_route_path = "#{route_path}.:format"
-
-          if route_name && @set.named_routes[route_name.to_sym].nil?
-            map.named_route(route_name, formatted_route_path, action_options)
-          else
-            map.connect(formatted_route_path, action_options)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def add_conditions_for(conditions, method)
-        returning({:conditions => conditions.dup}) do |options|
-          options[:conditions][:method] = method unless method == :any
-        end
-      end
-
-      def action_options_for(action, resource, method = nil, resource_options = {})
-        default_options = { :action => action.to_s }
-        require_id = !resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource)
-        force_id = resource_options[:force_id] && !resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource)
-
-        case default_options[:action]
-          when "index", "new"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements)
-          when "create";       default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :post)).merge(resource.requirements)
-          when "show", "edit"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
-          when "update";       default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :put)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
-          when "destroy";      default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :delete)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
-          else                 default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method)).merge(resource.requirements(force_id))
-        end
-      end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/route.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/route.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index eba05a3c5a..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/route.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/misc'
-
-module ActionController
-  module Routing
-    class Route #:nodoc:
-      attr_accessor :segments, :requirements, :conditions, :optimise
-
-      def initialize(segments = [], requirements = {}, conditions = {})
-        @segments = segments
-        @requirements = requirements
-        @conditions = conditions
-
-        if !significant_keys.include?(:action) && !requirements[:action]
-          @requirements[:action] = "index"
-          @significant_keys << :action
-        end
-
-        # Routes cannot use the current string interpolation method
-        # if there are user-supplied <tt>:requirements</tt> as the interpolation
-        # code won't raise RoutingErrors when generating
-        has_requirements = @segments.detect { |segment| segment.respond_to?(:regexp) && segment.regexp }
-        if has_requirements || @requirements.keys.to_set != Routing::ALLOWED_REQUIREMENTS_FOR_OPTIMISATION
-          @optimise = false
-        else
-          @optimise = true
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Indicates whether the routes should be optimised with the string interpolation
-      # version of the named routes methods.
-      def optimise?
-        @optimise && ActionController::Base::optimise_named_routes
-      end
-
-      def segment_keys
-        segments.collect do |segment|
-          segment.key if segment.respond_to? :key
-        end.compact
-      end
-      
-      def required_segment_keys
-        required_segments = segments.select {|seg| (!seg.optional? && !seg.is_a?(DividerSegment)) || seg.is_a?(PathSegment) }
-        required_segments.collect { |seg| seg.key if seg.respond_to?(:key)}.compact
-      end
-
-      # Build a query string from the keys of the given hash. If +only_keys+
-      # is given (as an array), only the keys indicated will be used to build
-      # the query string. The query string will correctly build array parameter
-      # values.
-      def build_query_string(hash, only_keys = nil)
-        elements = []
-
-        (only_keys || hash.keys).each do |key|
-          if value = hash[key]
-            elements << value.to_query(key)
-          end
-        end
-
-        elements.empty? ? '' : "?#{elements.sort * '&'}"
-      end
-
-      # A route's parameter shell contains parameter values that are not in the
-      # route's path, but should be placed in the recognized hash.
-      #
-      # For example, +{:controller => 'pages', :action => 'show'} is the shell for the route:
-      #
-      #   map.connect '/page/:id', :controller => 'pages', :action => 'show', :id => /\d+/
-      #
-      def parameter_shell
-        @parameter_shell ||= {}.tap do |shell|
-          requirements.each do |key, requirement|
-            shell[key] = requirement unless requirement.is_a? Regexp
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Return an array containing all the keys that are used in this route. This
-      # includes keys that appear inside the path, and keys that have requirements
-      # placed upon them.
-      def significant_keys
-        @significant_keys ||= [].tap do |sk|
-          segments.each { |segment| sk << segment.key if segment.respond_to? :key }
-          sk.concat requirements.keys
-          sk.uniq!
-        end
-      end
-
-      # Return a hash of key/value pairs representing the keys in the route that
-      # have defaults, or which are specified by non-regexp requirements.
-      def defaults
-        @defaults ||= {}.tap do |hash|
-          segments.each do |segment|
-            next unless segment.respond_to? :default
-            hash[segment.key] = segment.default unless segment.default.nil?
-          end
-          requirements.each do |key,req|
-            next if Regexp === req || req.nil?
-            hash[key] = req
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      def matches_controller_and_action?(controller, action)
-        prepare_matching!
-        (@controller_requirement.nil? || @controller_requirement === controller) &&
-        (@action_requirement.nil? || @action_requirement === action)
-      end
-
-      def to_s
-        @to_s ||= begin
-          segs = segments.inject("") { |str,s| str << s.to_s }
-          "%-6s %-40s %s" % [(conditions[:method] || :any).to_s.upcase, segs, requirements.inspect]
-        end
-      end
-
-      # TODO: Route should be prepared and frozen on initialize
-      def freeze
-        unless frozen?
-          write_generation!
-          write_recognition!
-          prepare_matching!
-
-          parameter_shell
-          significant_keys
-          defaults
-          to_s
-        end
-
-        super
-      end
-
-      def generate(options, hash, expire_on = {})
-        path, hash = generate_raw(options, hash, expire_on)
-        append_query_string(path, hash, extra_keys(options))
-      end
-
-      def generate_extras(options, hash, expire_on = {})
-        path, hash = generate_raw(options, hash, expire_on)
-        [path, extra_keys(options)]
-      end
-
-      private
-        def requirement_for(key)
-          return requirements[key] if requirements.key? key
-          segments.each do |segment|
-            return segment.regexp if segment.respond_to?(:key) && segment.key == key
-          end
-          nil
-        end
-
-        # Write and compile a +generate+ method for this Route.
-        def write_generation!
-          # Build the main body of the generation
-          body = "expired = false\n#{generation_extraction}\n#{generation_structure}"
-
-          # If we have conditions that must be tested first, nest the body inside an if
-          body = "if #{generation_requirements}\n#{body}\nend" if generation_requirements
-          args = "options, hash, expire_on = {}"
-
-          # Nest the body inside of a def block, and then compile it.
-          raw_method = method_decl = "def generate_raw(#{args})\npath = begin\n#{body}\nend\n[path, hash]\nend"
-          instance_eval method_decl, "generated code (#{__FILE__}:#{__LINE__})"
-
-          # expire_on.keys == recall.keys; in other words, the keys in the expire_on hash
-          # are the same as the keys that were recalled from the previous request. Thus,
-          # we can use the expire_on.keys to determine which keys ought to be used to build
-          # the query string. (Never use keys from the recalled request when building the
-          # query string.)
-
-          raw_method
-        end
-
-        # Build several lines of code that extract values from the options hash. If any
-        # of the values are missing or rejected then a return will be executed.
-        def generation_extraction
-          segments.collect do |segment|
-            segment.extraction_code
-          end.compact * "\n"
-        end
-
-        # Produce a condition expression that will check the requirements of this route
-        # upon generation.
-        def generation_requirements
-          requirement_conditions = requirements.collect do |key, req|
-            if req.is_a? Regexp
-              value_regexp = Regexp.new "\\A#{req.to_s}\\Z"
-              "hash[:#{key}] && #{value_regexp.inspect} =~ options[:#{key}]"
-            else
-              "hash[:#{key}] == #{req.inspect}"
-            end
-          end
-          requirement_conditions * ' && ' unless requirement_conditions.empty?
-        end
-
-        def generation_structure
-          segments.last.string_structure segments[0..-2]
-        end
-
-        # Write and compile a +recognize+ method for this Route.
-        def write_recognition!
-          # Create an if structure to extract the params from a match if it occurs.
-          body = "params = parameter_shell.dup\n#{recognition_extraction * "\n"}\nparams"
-          body = "if #{recognition_conditions.join(" && ")}\n#{body}\nend"
-
-          # Build the method declaration and compile it
-          method_decl = "def recognize(path, env = {})\n#{body}\nend"
-          instance_eval method_decl, "generated code (#{__FILE__}:#{__LINE__})"
-          method_decl
-        end
-
-        # Plugins may override this method to add other conditions, like checks on
-        # host, subdomain, and so forth. Note that changes here only affect route
-        # recognition, not generation.
-        def recognition_conditions
-          result = ["(match = #{Regexp.new(recognition_pattern).inspect}.match(path))"]
-          result << "[conditions[:method]].flatten.include?(env[:method])" if conditions[:method]
-          result
-        end
-
-        # Build the regular expression pattern that will match this route.
-        def recognition_pattern(wrap = true)
-          pattern = ''
-          segments.reverse_each do |segment|
-            pattern = segment.build_pattern pattern
-          end
-          wrap ? ("\\A" + pattern + "\\Z") : pattern
-        end
-
-        # Write the code to extract the parameters from a matched route.
-        def recognition_extraction
-          next_capture = 1
-          extraction = segments.collect do |segment|
-            x = segment.match_extraction(next_capture)
-            next_capture += segment.number_of_captures
-            x
-          end
-          extraction.compact
-        end
-
-        # Generate the query string with any extra keys in the hash and append
-        # it to the given path, returning the new path.
-        def append_query_string(path, hash, query_keys = nil)
-          return nil unless path
-          query_keys ||= extra_keys(hash)
-          "#{path}#{build_query_string(hash, query_keys)}"
-        end
-
-        # Determine which keys in the given hash are "extra". Extra keys are
-        # those that were not used to generate a particular route. The extra
-        # keys also do not include those recalled from the prior request, nor
-        # do they include any keys that were implied in the route (like a
-        # <tt>:controller</tt> that is required, but not explicitly used in the
-        # text of the route.)
-        def extra_keys(hash, recall = {})
-          (hash || {}).keys.map { |k| k.to_sym } - (recall || {}).keys - significant_keys
-        end
-
-        def prepare_matching!
-          unless defined? @matching_prepared
-            @controller_requirement = requirement_for(:controller)
-            @action_requirement = requirement_for(:action)
-            @matching_prepared = true
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/routing_ext.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/routing_ext.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e5b22b6c2..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/routing_ext.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/boolean/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/nil/conversions'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/segments.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/segments.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2603855476..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/segments.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-module ActionController
-  module Routing
-    class Segment #:nodoc:
-      RESERVED_PCHAR = ':@&=+$,;%'
-      SAFE_PCHAR = "#{URI::REGEXP::PATTERN::UNRESERVED}#{RESERVED_PCHAR}"
-      if RUBY_VERSION >= '1.9'
-        UNSAFE_PCHAR = Regexp.new("[^#{SAFE_PCHAR}]", false).freeze
-      else
-        UNSAFE_PCHAR = Regexp.new("[^#{SAFE_PCHAR}]", false, 'N').freeze
-      end
-
-      # TODO: Convert :is_optional accessor to read only
-      attr_accessor :is_optional
-      alias_method :optional?, :is_optional
-
-      def initialize
-        @is_optional = false
-      end
-
-      def number_of_captures
-        Regexp.new(regexp_chunk).number_of_captures
-      end
-
-      def extraction_code
-        nil
-      end
-
-      # Continue generating string for the prior segments.
-      def continue_string_structure(prior_segments)
-        if prior_segments.empty?
-          interpolation_statement(prior_segments)
-        else
-          new_priors = prior_segments[0..-2]
-          prior_segments.last.string_structure(new_priors)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def interpolation_chunk
-        URI.escape(value, UNSAFE_PCHAR)
-      end
-
-      # Return a string interpolation statement for this segment and those before it.
-      def interpolation_statement(prior_segments)
-        chunks = prior_segments.collect { |s| s.interpolation_chunk }
-        chunks << interpolation_chunk
-        "\"#{chunks * ''}\"#{all_optionals_available_condition(prior_segments)}"
-      end
-
-      def string_structure(prior_segments)
-        optional? ? continue_string_structure(prior_segments) : interpolation_statement(prior_segments)
-      end
-
-      # Return an if condition that is true if all the prior segments can be generated.
-      # If there are no optional segments before this one, then nil is returned.
-      def all_optionals_available_condition(prior_segments)
-        optional_locals = prior_segments.collect { |s| s.local_name if s.optional? && s.respond_to?(:local_name) }.compact
-        optional_locals.empty? ? nil : " if #{optional_locals * ' && '}"
-      end
-
-      # Recognition
-
-      def match_extraction(next_capture)
-        nil
-      end
-
-      # Warning
-
-      # Returns true if this segment is optional? because of a default. If so, then
-      # no warning will be emitted regarding this segment.
-      def optionality_implied?
-        false
-      end
-    end
-
-    class StaticSegment < Segment #:nodoc:
-      attr_reader :value, :raw
-      alias_method :raw?, :raw
-
-      def initialize(value = nil, options = {})
-        super()
-        @value = value
-        @raw = options[:raw] if options.key?(:raw)
-        @is_optional = options[:optional] if options.key?(:optional)
-      end
-
-      def interpolation_chunk
-        raw? ? value : super
-      end
-
-      def regexp_chunk
-        chunk = Regexp.escape(value)
-        optional? ? Regexp.optionalize(chunk) : chunk
-      end
-
-      def number_of_captures
-        0
-      end
-
-      def build_pattern(pattern)
-        escaped = Regexp.escape(value)
-        if optional? && ! pattern.empty?
-          "(?:#{Regexp.optionalize escaped}\\Z|#{escaped}#{Regexp.unoptionalize pattern})"
-        elsif optional?
-          Regexp.optionalize escaped
-        else
-          escaped + pattern
-        end
-      end
-
-      def to_s
-        value
-      end
-    end
-
-    class DividerSegment < StaticSegment #:nodoc:
-      def initialize(value = nil, options = {})
-        super(value, {:raw => true, :optional => true}.merge(options))
-      end
-
-      def optionality_implied?
-        true
-      end
-    end
-
-    class DynamicSegment < Segment #:nodoc:
-      attr_reader :key
-
-      # TODO: Convert these accessors to read only
-      attr_accessor :default, :regexp
-
-      def initialize(key = nil, options = {})
-        super()
-        @key = key
-        @default = options[:default] if options.key?(:default)
-        @regexp = options[:regexp] if options.key?(:regexp)
-        @is_optional = true if options[:optional] || options.key?(:default)
-      end
-
-      def to_s
-        ":#{key}"
-      end
-
-      # The local variable name that the value of this segment will be extracted to.
-      def local_name
-        "#{key}_value"
-      end
-
-      def extract_value
-        "#{local_name} = hash[:#{key}] && hash[:#{key}].to_param #{"|| #{default.inspect}" if default}"
-      end
-
-      def value_check
-        if default # Then we know it won't be nil
-          "#{value_regexp.inspect} =~ #{local_name}" if regexp
-        elsif optional?
-          # If we have a regexp check that the value is not given, or that it matches.
-          # If we have no regexp, return nil since we do not require a condition.
-          "#{local_name}.nil? || #{value_regexp.inspect} =~ #{local_name}" if regexp
-        else # Then it must be present, and if we have a regexp, it must match too.
-          "#{local_name} #{"&& #{value_regexp.inspect} =~ #{local_name}" if regexp}"
-        end
-      end
-
-      def expiry_statement
-        "expired, hash = true, options if !expired && expire_on[:#{key}]"
-      end
-
-      def extraction_code
-        s = extract_value
-        vc = value_check
-        s << "\nreturn [nil,nil] unless #{vc}" if vc
-        s << "\n#{expiry_statement}"
-      end
-
-      def interpolation_chunk(value_code = local_name)
-        "\#{URI.escape(#{value_code}.to_s, ActionController::Routing::Segment::UNSAFE_PCHAR)}"
-      end
-
-      def string_structure(prior_segments)
-        if optional? # We have a conditional to do...
-          # If we should not appear in the url, just write the code for the prior
-          # segments. This occurs if our value is the default value, or, if we are
-          # optional, if we have nil as our value.
-          "if #{local_name} == #{default.inspect}\n" +
-            continue_string_structure(prior_segments) +
-          "\nelse\n" + # Otherwise, write the code up to here
-            "#{interpolation_statement(prior_segments)}\nend"
-        else
-          interpolation_statement(prior_segments)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def value_regexp
-        Regexp.new "\\A#{regexp.to_s}\\Z" if regexp
-      end
-
-      def regexp_chunk
-        regexp ? regexp_string : default_regexp_chunk
-      end
-
-      def regexp_string
-        regexp_has_modifiers? ? "(#{regexp.to_s})" : "(#{regexp.source})"
-      end
-
-      def default_regexp_chunk
-        "([^#{Routing::SEPARATORS.join}]+)"
-      end
-
-      def number_of_captures
-        regexp ? regexp.number_of_captures + 1 : 1
-      end
-
-      def build_pattern(pattern)
-        pattern = "#{regexp_chunk}#{pattern}"
-        optional? ? Regexp.optionalize(pattern) : pattern
-      end
-
-      def match_extraction(next_capture)
-        # All non code-related keys (such as :id, :slug) are URI-unescaped as
-        # path parameters.
-        default_value = default ? default.inspect : nil
-        %[
-          value = if (m = match[#{next_capture}])
-            URI.unescape(m)
-          else
-            #{default_value}
-          end
-          params[:#{key}] = value if value
-        ]
-      end
-
-      def optionality_implied?
-        [:action, :id].include? key
-      end
-
-      def regexp_has_modifiers?
-        regexp.options & (Regexp::IGNORECASE | Regexp::EXTENDED) != 0
-      end
-    end
-
-    class ControllerSegment < DynamicSegment #:nodoc:
-      def regexp_chunk
-        possible_names = Routing.possible_controllers.collect { |name| Regexp.escape name }
-        "(?i-:(#{(regexp || Regexp.union(*possible_names)).source}))"
-      end
-
-      # Don't URI.escape the controller name since it may contain slashes.
-      def interpolation_chunk(value_code = local_name)
-        "\#{#{value_code}.to_s}"
-      end
-
-      # Make sure controller names like Admin/Content are correctly normalized to
-      # admin/content
-      def extract_value
-        "#{local_name} = (hash[:#{key}] #{"|| #{default.inspect}" if default}).downcase"
-      end
-
-      def match_extraction(next_capture)
-        if default
-          "params[:#{key}] = match[#{next_capture}] ? match[#{next_capture}].downcase : '#{default}'"
-        else
-          "params[:#{key}] = match[#{next_capture}].downcase if match[#{next_capture}]"
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    class PathSegment < DynamicSegment #:nodoc:
-      def interpolation_chunk(value_code = local_name)
-        "\#{#{value_code}}"
-      end
-
-      def extract_value
-        "#{local_name} = hash[:#{key}] && Array(hash[:#{key}]).collect { |path_component| URI.escape(path_component.to_param, ActionController::Routing::Segment::UNSAFE_PCHAR) }.to_param #{"|| #{default.inspect}" if default}"
-      end
-
-      def default
-        ''
-      end
-
-      def default=(path)
-        raise RoutingError, "paths cannot have non-empty default values" unless path.blank?
-      end
-
-      def match_extraction(next_capture)
-        "params[:#{key}] = PathSegment::Result.new_escaped((match[#{next_capture}]#{" || " + default.inspect if default}).split('/'))#{" if match[" + next_capture + "]" if !default}"
-      end
-
-      def default_regexp_chunk
-        "(.*)"
-      end
-
-      def number_of_captures
-        regexp ? regexp.number_of_captures : 1
-      end
-
-      def optionality_implied?
-        true
-      end
-
-      class Result < ::Array #:nodoc:
-        def to_s() join '/' end
-        def self.new_escaped(strings)
-          new strings.collect {|str| URI.unescape str}
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    
-    # The OptionalFormatSegment allows for any resource route to have an optional
-    # :format, which decreases the amount of routes created by 50%.
-    class OptionalFormatSegment < DynamicSegment
-    
-      def initialize(key = nil, options = {})
-        super(:format, {:optional => true}.merge(options))            
-      end
-    
-      def interpolation_chunk
-        "." + super
-      end
-    
-      def regexp_chunk
-        '/|(\.[^/?\.]+)?'
-      end
-    
-      def to_s
-        '(.:format)?'
-      end
-
-      def extract_value
-        "#{local_name} = options[:#{key}] && options[:#{key}].to_s.downcase"
-      end
-
-      #the value should not include the period (.)
-      def match_extraction(next_capture)
-        %[
-          if (m = match[#{next_capture}])
-            params[:#{key}] = URI.unescape(m.from(1))
-          end
-        ]
-      end
-    end
-    
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
index bbc7f3c8f9..323cce6a2f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/process.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
     end
 
     def cookies
-      @response.cookies
+      @request.cookies.merge(@response.cookies)
     end
 
     def redirect_to_url
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
index 178e3477a6..01a55fe930 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/testing/test_case.rb
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ module ActionController
       self.session_options = TestSession::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(:id => ActiveSupport::SecureRandom.hex(16))
     end
 
+    class Result < ::Array #:nodoc:
+      def to_s() join '/' end
+      def self.new_escaped(strings)
+        new strings.collect {|str| URI.unescape str}
+      end
+    end
+
     def assign_parameters(controller_path, action, parameters = {})
       parameters = parameters.symbolize_keys.merge(:controller => controller_path, :action => action)
       extra_keys = ActionController::Routing::Routes.extra_keys(parameters)
@@ -18,7 +25,7 @@ module ActionController
         if value.is_a? Fixnum
           value = value.to_s
         elsif value.is_a? Array
-          value = ActionController::Routing::PathSegment::Result.new(value)
+          value = Result.new(value)
         end
 
         if extra_keys.include?(key.to_sym)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/translation.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/translation.rb
index 9bb63cdb15..65e9eddb0a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/translation.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/translation.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 module ActionController
   module Translation
     def translate(*args)
-      I18n.translate *args
+      I18n.translate(*args)
     end
     alias :t :translate
 
     def localize(*args)
-      I18n.localize *args
+      I18n.localize(*args)
     end
     alias :l :localize
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/generation/url_rewriter.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/url_rewriter.rb
index 52b66c9303..52b66c9303 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/generation/url_rewriter.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/url_rewriter.rb
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch.rb
index 11cd812695..259814a322 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch.rb
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ module ActionDispatch
   autoload :Static, 'action_dispatch/middleware/static'
   autoload :StringCoercion, 'action_dispatch/middleware/string_coercion'
 
+  autoload :Routing, 'action_dispatch/routing'
+
   autoload :Assertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions'
   autoload :Integration, 'action_dispatch/testing/integration'
   autoload :IntegrationTest, 'action_dispatch/testing/integration'
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
index e85823d8db..c30897b32a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ module Mime
   LOOKUP           = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = Type.new(k) unless k.blank? }
 
   def self.[](type)
+    return type if type.is_a?(Type)
     Type.lookup_by_extension(type.to_s)
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
index bff030f0e4..6a52854961 100755
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'strscan'
 require 'active_support/memoizable'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/tap'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   class Request < Rack::Request
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ module ActionDispatch
       end
     end
 
+    def forgery_whitelisted?
+      method == :get || xhr? || content_type.nil? || !content_type.verify_request?
+    end
+
     def media_type
       content_type.to_s
     end
@@ -136,19 +140,16 @@ module ActionDispatch
     # If-Modified-Since and If-None-Match conditions. If both headers are
     # supplied, both must match, or the request is not considered fresh.
     def fresh?(response)
-      case
-      when if_modified_since && if_none_match
-        not_modified?(response.last_modified) && etag_matches?(response.etag)
-      when if_modified_since
-        not_modified?(response.last_modified)
-      when if_none_match
-        etag_matches?(response.etag)
-      else
-        false
-      end
-    end
+      last_modified = if_modified_since
+      etag          = if_none_match
 
-    ONLY_ALL = [Mime::ALL].freeze
+      return false unless last_modified || etag
+
+      success = true
+      success &&= not_modified?(response.last_modified) if last_modified
+      success &&= etag_matches?(response.etag) if etag
+      success
+    end
 
     # Returns the Mime type for the \format used in the request.
     #
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
       @env["action_dispatch.request.formats"] ||=
         if parameters[:format]
-          [Mime[parameters[:format]]]
+          Array.wrap(Mime[parameters[:format]])
         elsif xhr? || (accept && !accept.include?(?,))
           accepts
         else
@@ -204,10 +205,6 @@ module ActionDispatch
       end
     end
 
-    def cache_format
-      parameters[:format]
-    end
-
     # Returns true if the request's "X-Requested-With" header contains
     # "XMLHttpRequest". (The Prototype Javascript library sends this header with
     # every Ajax request.)
@@ -492,7 +489,7 @@ EOM
         def self.extended(object)
           object.class_eval do
             attr_accessor :original_path, :content_type
-            alias_method :local_path, :path
+            alias_method :local_path, :path if method_defined?(:path)
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
index 3e3b473178..b3ed7c9d1a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
@@ -270,6 +270,8 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
 
         if control.empty?
           headers["Cache-Control"] = DEFAULT_CACHE_CONTROL
+        elsif @cache_control[:no_cache]
+          headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
         else
           extras  = control[:extras]
           max_age = control[:max_age]
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb
index 56d6da1706..49bc20f11f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module ActionDispatch
   class Callbacks
-    include ActiveSupport::NewCallbacks
+    include ActiveSupport::Callbacks
 
     define_callbacks :call, :terminator => "result == false", :rescuable => true
     define_callbacks :prepare, :scope => :name
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
     def initialize(app, prepare_each_request = false)
       @app, @prepare_each_request = app, prepare_each_request
-      _run_prepare_callbacks
+      run_callbacks(:prepare)
     end
 
     def call(env)
-      _run_call_callbacks do
-        _run_prepare_callbacks if @prepare_each_request
+      run_callbacks(:call) do
+        run_callbacks(:prepare) if @prepare_each_request
         @app.call(env)
       end
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
index 4f71ea6165..3b27309f58 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require "active_support/inflector/methods"
+
 module ActionDispatch
   class MiddlewareStack < Array
     class Middleware
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         elsif @klass.respond_to?(:call)
           @klass.call
         else
-          @klass.to_s.constantize
+          ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(@klass.to_s)
         end
       end
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         when Class
           klass == middleware
         else
-          klass == middleware.to_s.constantize
+          klass == ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(middleware.to_s)
         end
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb
index 5b9ded83dd..68ed1e3340 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
-require 'cgi'
-require 'uri'
-require 'set'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_param'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/regexp'
 
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
-require 'action_controller/routing/optimisations'
-require 'action_controller/routing/routing_ext'
-require 'action_controller/routing/route'
-require 'action_controller/routing/segments'
-require 'action_controller/routing/builder'
-require 'action_controller/routing/route_set'
-require 'action_controller/routing/recognition_optimisation'
-
-module ActionController
+module ActionDispatch
   # == Routing
   #
   # The routing module provides URL rewriting in native Ruby. It's a way to
@@ -197,7 +186,7 @@ module ActionController
   #
   #   map.connect '*path' , :controller => 'blog' , :action => 'unrecognized?'
   #
-  # will glob all remaining parts of the route that were not recognized earlier. 
+  # will glob all remaining parts of the route that were not recognized earlier.
   # The globbed values are in <tt>params[:path]</tt> as an array of path segments.
   #
   # == Route conditions
@@ -269,6 +258,11 @@ module ActionController
   # Run <tt>rake routes</tt>.
   #
   module Routing
+    autoload :DeprecatedMapper, 'action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper'
+    autoload :Mapper, 'action_dispatch/routing/mapper'
+    autoload :Route, 'action_dispatch/routing/route'
+    autoload :RouteSet, 'action_dispatch/routing/route_set'
+
     SEPARATORS = %w( / . ? )
 
     HTTP_METHODS = [:get, :head, :post, :put, :delete, :options]
@@ -281,7 +275,7 @@ module ActionController
 
     # A helper module to hold URL related helpers.
     module Helpers
-      include PolymorphicRoutes
+      include ActionController::PolymorphicRoutes
     end
 
     class << self
@@ -373,13 +367,11 @@ module ActionController
       end
     end
 
-    Routes = RouteSet.new
-
     ActiveSupport::Inflector.module_eval do
       # Ensures that routes are reloaded when Rails inflections are updated.
       def inflections_with_route_reloading(&block)
         returning(inflections_without_route_reloading(&block)) {
-          ActionController::Routing::Routes.reload! if block_given?
+          ActionDispatch::Routing::Routes.reload! if block_given?
         }
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0564ba9797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+module ActionDispatch
+  module Routing
+    # Mapper instances are used to build routes. The object passed to the draw
+    # block in config/routes.rb is a Mapper instance.
+    #
+    # Mapper instances have relatively few instance methods, in order to avoid
+    # clashes with named routes.
+    #
+    # == Overview
+    #
+    # ActionController::Resources are a way of defining RESTful \resources.  A RESTful \resource, in basic terms,
+    # is something that can be pointed at and it will respond with a representation of the data requested.
+    # In real terms this could mean a user with a browser requests an HTML page, or that a desktop application
+    # requests XML data.
+    #
+    # RESTful design is based on the assumption that there are four generic verbs that a user of an
+    # application can request from a \resource (the noun).
+    #
+    # \Resources can be requested using four basic HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), the method used
+    # denotes the type of action that should take place.
+    #
+    # === The Different Methods and their Usage
+    #
+    # * GET    - Requests for a \resource, no saving or editing of a \resource should occur in a GET request.
+    # * POST   - Creation of \resources.
+    # * PUT    - Editing of attributes on a \resource.
+    # * DELETE - Deletion of a \resource.
+    #
+    # === Examples
+    #
+    #   # A GET request on the Posts resource is asking for all Posts
+    #   GET /posts
+    #
+    #   # A GET request on a single Post resource is asking for that particular Post
+    #   GET /posts/1
+    #
+    #   # A POST request on the Posts resource is asking for a Post to be created with the supplied details
+    #   POST /posts # with => { :post => { :title => "My Whizzy New Post", :body => "I've got a brand new combine harvester" } }
+    #
+    #   # A PUT request on a single Post resource is asking for a Post to be updated
+    #   PUT /posts # with => { :id => 1, :post => { :title => "Changed Whizzy Title" } }
+    #
+    #   # A DELETE request on a single Post resource is asking for it to be deleted
+    #   DELETE /posts # with => { :id => 1 }
+    #
+    # By using the REST convention, users of our application can assume certain things about how the data
+    # is requested and how it is returned.  Rails simplifies the routing part of RESTful design by
+    # supplying you with methods to create them in your routes.rb file.
+    #
+    # Read more about REST at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer
+    class DeprecatedMapper #:doc:
+      def initialize(set) #:nodoc:
+        @set = set
+      end
+
+      # Create an unnamed route with the provided +path+ and +options+. See
+      # ActionDispatch::Routing for an introduction to routes.
+      def connect(path, options = {})
+        options = options.dup
+
+        if conditions = options.delete(:conditions)
+          conditions = conditions.dup
+          method = [conditions.delete(:method)].flatten.compact
+          method.map! { |m|
+            m = m.to_s.upcase
+
+            if m == "HEAD"
+              raise ArgumentError, "HTTP method HEAD is invalid in route conditions. Rails processes HEAD requests the same as GETs, returning just the response headers"
+            end
+
+            unless HTTP_METHODS.include?(m.downcase.to_sym)
+              raise ArgumentError, "Invalid HTTP method specified in route conditions"
+            end
+
+            m
+          }
+
+          if method.length > 1
+            method = Regexp.union(*method)
+          elsif method.length == 1
+            method = method.first
+          else
+            method = nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        path_prefix = options.delete(:path_prefix)
+        name_prefix = options.delete(:name_prefix)
+        namespace  = options.delete(:namespace)
+
+        name = options.delete(:_name)
+        name = "#{name_prefix}#{name}" if name_prefix
+
+        requirements = options.delete(:requirements) || {}
+        defaults = options.delete(:defaults) || {}
+        options.each do |k, v|
+          if v.is_a?(Regexp)
+            if value = options.delete(k)
+              requirements[k.to_sym] = value
+            end
+          else
+            value = options.delete(k)
+            defaults[k.to_sym] = value.is_a?(Symbol) ? value : value.to_param
+          end
+        end
+
+        requirements.each do |_, requirement|
+          if requirement.source =~ %r{\A(\\A|\^)|(\\Z|\\z|\$)\Z}
+            raise ArgumentError, "Regexp anchor characters are not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
+          end
+          if requirement.multiline?
+            raise ArgumentError, "Regexp multiline option not allowed in routing requirements: #{requirement.inspect}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        possible_names = Routing.possible_controllers.collect { |n| Regexp.escape(n) }
+        requirements[:controller] ||= Regexp.union(*possible_names)
+
+        if defaults[:controller]
+          defaults[:action] ||= 'index'
+          defaults[:controller] = defaults[:controller].to_s
+          defaults[:controller] = "#{namespace}#{defaults[:controller]}" if namespace
+        end
+
+        if defaults[:action]
+          defaults[:action] = defaults[:action].to_s
+        end
+
+        if path.is_a?(String)
+          path = "#{path_prefix}/#{path}" if path_prefix
+          path = path.gsub('.:format', '(.:format)')
+          path = optionalize_trailing_dynamic_segments(path, requirements, defaults)
+          glob = $1.to_sym if path =~ /\/\*(\w+)$/
+          path = ::Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path)
+
+          if glob && !defaults[glob].blank?
+            raise ActionController::RoutingError, "paths cannot have non-empty default values"
+          end
+        end
+
+        app = Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher.new(:defaults => defaults, :glob => glob)
+
+        conditions = {}
+        conditions[:request_method] = method if method
+        conditions[:path_info] = path if path
+
+        @set.add_route(app, conditions, requirements, defaults, name)
+      end
+
+      def optionalize_trailing_dynamic_segments(path, requirements, defaults) #:nodoc:
+        path = (path =~ /^\//) ? path.dup : "/#{path}"
+        optional, segments = true, []
+
+        required_segments = requirements.keys
+        required_segments -= defaults.keys.compact
+
+        old_segments = path.split('/')
+        old_segments.shift
+        length = old_segments.length
+
+        old_segments.reverse.each_with_index do |segment, index|
+          required_segments.each do |required|
+            if segment =~ /#{required}/
+              optional = false
+              break
+            end
+          end
+
+          if optional
+            if segment == ":id" && segments.include?(":action")
+              optional = false
+            elsif segment == ":controller" || segment == ":action" || segment == ":id"
+              # Ignore
+            elsif !(segment =~ /^:\w+$/) &&
+                !(segment =~ /^:\w+\(\.:format\)$/)
+              optional = false
+            elsif segment =~ /^:(\w+)$/
+              if defaults.has_key?($1.to_sym)
+                defaults.delete($1.to_sym)
+              else
+                optional = false
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          if optional && index < length - 1
+            segments.unshift('(/', segment)
+            segments.push(')')
+          elsif optional
+            segments.unshift('/(', segment)
+            segments.push(')')
+          else
+            segments.unshift('/', segment)
+          end
+        end
+
+        segments.join
+      end
+      private :optionalize_trailing_dynamic_segments
+
+      # Creates a named route called "root" for matching the root level request.
+      def root(options = {})
+        if options.is_a?(Symbol)
+          if source_route = @set.named_routes.routes[options]
+            options = source_route.defaults.merge({ :conditions => source_route.conditions })
+          end
+        end
+        named_route("root", '', options)
+      end
+
+      def named_route(name, path, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        options[:_name] = name
+        connect(path, options)
+      end
+
+      # Enables the use of resources in a module by setting the name_prefix, path_prefix, and namespace for the model.
+      # Example:
+      #
+      #   map.namespace(:admin) do |admin|
+      #     admin.resources :products,
+      #       :has_many => [ :tags, :images, :variants ]
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This will create +admin_products_url+ pointing to "admin/products", which will look for an Admin::ProductsController.
+      # It'll also create +admin_product_tags_url+ pointing to "admin/products/#{product_id}/tags", which will look for
+      # Admin::TagsController.
+      def namespace(name, options = {}, &block)
+        if options[:namespace]
+          with_options({:path_prefix => "#{options.delete(:path_prefix)}/#{name}", :name_prefix => "#{options.delete(:name_prefix)}#{name}_", :namespace => "#{options.delete(:namespace)}#{name}/" }.merge(options), &block)
+        else
+          with_options({:path_prefix => name, :name_prefix => "#{name}_", :namespace => "#{name}/" }.merge(options), &block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(route_name, *args, &proc) #:nodoc:
+        super unless args.length >= 1 && proc.nil?
+        named_route(route_name, *args)
+      end
+
+      INHERITABLE_OPTIONS = :namespace, :shallow
+
+      class Resource #:nodoc:
+        DEFAULT_ACTIONS = :index, :create, :new, :edit, :show, :update, :destroy
+
+        attr_reader :collection_methods, :member_methods, :new_methods
+        attr_reader :path_prefix, :name_prefix, :path_segment
+        attr_reader :plural, :singular
+        attr_reader :options
+
+        def initialize(entities, options)
+          @plural   ||= entities
+          @singular ||= options[:singular] || plural.to_s.singularize
+          @path_segment = options.delete(:as) || @plural
+
+          @options = options
+
+          arrange_actions
+          add_default_actions
+          set_allowed_actions
+          set_prefixes
+        end
+
+        def controller
+          @controller ||= "#{options[:namespace]}#{(options[:controller] || plural).to_s}"
+        end
+
+        def requirements(with_id = false)
+          @requirements   ||= @options[:requirements] || {}
+          @id_requirement ||= { :id => @requirements.delete(:id) || /[^#{Routing::SEPARATORS.join}]+/ }
+
+          with_id ? @requirements.merge(@id_requirement) : @requirements
+        end
+
+        def conditions
+          @conditions ||= @options[:conditions] || {}
+        end
+
+        def path
+          @path ||= "#{path_prefix}/#{path_segment}"
+        end
+
+        def new_path
+          new_action   = self.options[:path_names][:new] if self.options[:path_names]
+          new_action ||= ActionController::Base.resources_path_names[:new]
+          @new_path  ||= "#{path}/#{new_action}"
+        end
+
+        def shallow_path_prefix
+          @shallow_path_prefix ||= @options[:shallow] ? @options[:namespace].try(:sub, /\/$/, '') : path_prefix
+        end
+
+        def member_path
+          @member_path ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:id"
+        end
+
+        def nesting_path_prefix
+          @nesting_path_prefix ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:#{singular}_id"
+        end
+
+        def shallow_name_prefix
+          @shallow_name_prefix ||= @options[:shallow] ? @options[:namespace].try(:gsub, /\//, '_') : name_prefix
+        end
+
+        def nesting_name_prefix
+          "#{shallow_name_prefix}#{singular}_"
+        end
+
+        def action_separator
+          @action_separator ||= ActionController::Base.resource_action_separator
+        end
+
+        def uncountable?
+          @singular.to_s == @plural.to_s
+        end
+
+        def has_action?(action)
+          !DEFAULT_ACTIONS.include?(action) || action_allowed?(action)
+        end
+
+        protected
+          def arrange_actions
+            @collection_methods = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:collection))
+            @member_methods     = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:member))
+            @new_methods        = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:new))
+          end
+
+          def add_default_actions
+            add_default_action(member_methods, :get, :edit)
+            add_default_action(new_methods, :get, :new)
+          end
+
+          def set_allowed_actions
+            only, except = @options.values_at(:only, :except)
+            @allowed_actions ||= {}
+
+            if only == :all || except == :none
+              only = nil
+              except = []
+            elsif only == :none || except == :all
+              only = []
+              except = nil
+            end
+
+            if only
+              @allowed_actions[:only] = Array(only).map {|a| a.to_sym }
+            elsif except
+              @allowed_actions[:except] = Array(except).map {|a| a.to_sym }
+            end
+          end
+
+          def action_allowed?(action)
+            only, except = @allowed_actions.values_at(:only, :except)
+            (!only || only.include?(action)) && (!except || !except.include?(action))
+          end
+
+          def set_prefixes
+            @path_prefix = options.delete(:path_prefix)
+            @name_prefix = options.delete(:name_prefix)
+          end
+
+          def arrange_actions_by_methods(actions)
+            (actions || {}).inject({}) do |flipped_hash, (key, value)|
+              (flipped_hash[value] ||= []) << key
+              flipped_hash
+            end
+          end
+
+          def add_default_action(collection, method, action)
+            (collection[method] ||= []).unshift(action)
+          end
+      end
+
+      class SingletonResource < Resource #:nodoc:
+        def initialize(entity, options)
+          @singular = @plural = entity
+          options[:controller] ||= @singular.to_s.pluralize
+          super
+        end
+
+        alias_method :shallow_path_prefix, :path_prefix
+        alias_method :shallow_name_prefix, :name_prefix
+        alias_method :member_path,         :path
+        alias_method :nesting_path_prefix, :path
+      end
+
+      # Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers
+      # for a collection \resource.
+      #
+      # For example:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages
+      #
+      # will map the following actions in the corresponding controller:
+      #
+      #   class MessagesController < ActionController::Base
+      #     # GET messages_url
+      #     def index
+      #       # return all messages
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # GET new_message_url
+      #     def new
+      #       # return an HTML form for describing a new message
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # POST messages_url
+      #     def create
+      #       # create a new message
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # GET message_url(:id => 1)
+      #     def show
+      #       # find and return a specific message
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # GET edit_message_url(:id => 1)
+      #     def edit
+      #       # return an HTML form for editing a specific message
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # PUT message_url(:id => 1)
+      #     def update
+      #       # find and update a specific message
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # DELETE message_url(:id => 1)
+      #     def destroy
+      #       # delete a specific message
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Along with the routes themselves, +resources+ generates named routes for use in
+      # controllers and views. <tt>map.resources :messages</tt> produces the following named routes and helpers:
+      #
+      #   Named Route   Helpers
+      #   ============  =====================================================
+      #   messages      messages_url, hash_for_messages_url,
+      #                 messages_path, hash_for_messages_path
+      #
+      #   message       message_url(id), hash_for_message_url(id),
+      #                 message_path(id), hash_for_message_path(id)
+      #
+      #   new_message   new_message_url, hash_for_new_message_url,
+      #                 new_message_path, hash_for_new_message_path
+      #
+      #   edit_message  edit_message_url(id), hash_for_edit_message_url(id),
+      #                 edit_message_path(id), hash_for_edit_message_path(id)
+      #
+      # You can use these helpers instead of +url_for+ or methods that take +url_for+ parameters. For example:
+      #
+      #   redirect_to :controller => 'messages', :action => 'index'
+      #   # and
+      #   <%= link_to "edit this message", :controller => 'messages', :action => 'edit', :id => @message.id %>
+      #
+      # now become:
+      #
+      #   redirect_to messages_url
+      #   # and
+      #   <%= link_to "edit this message", edit_message_url(@message) # calls @message.id automatically
+      #
+      # Since web browsers don't support the PUT and DELETE verbs, you will need to add a parameter '_method' to your
+      # form tags. The form helpers make this a little easier. For an update form with a <tt>@message</tt> object:
+      #
+      #   <%= form_tag message_path(@message), :method => :put %>
+      #
+      # or
+      #
+      #   <% form_for :message, @message, :url => message_path(@message), :html => {:method => :put} do |f| %>
+      #
+      # or
+      #
+      #   <% form_for @message do |f| %>
+      #
+      # which takes into account whether <tt>@message</tt> is a new record or not and generates the
+      # path and method accordingly.
+      #
+      # The +resources+ method accepts the following options to customize the resulting routes:
+      # * <tt>:collection</tt> - Add named routes for other actions that operate on the collection.
+      #   Takes a hash of <tt>#{action} => #{method}</tt>, where method is <tt>:get</tt>/<tt>:post</tt>/<tt>:put</tt>/<tt>:delete</tt>,
+      #   an array of any of the previous, or <tt>:any</tt> if the method does not matter.
+      #   These routes map to a URL like /messages/rss, with a route of +rss_messages_url+.
+      # * <tt>:member</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on a specific member.
+      # * <tt>:new</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on the new \resource action.
+      # * <tt>:controller</tt> - Specify the controller name for the routes.
+      # * <tt>:singular</tt> - Specify the singular name used in the member routes.
+      # * <tt>:requirements</tt> - Set custom routing parameter requirements; this is a hash of either
+      #     regular expressions (which must match for the route to match) or extra parameters. For example:
+      #
+      #       map.resource :profile, :path_prefix => ':name', :requirements => { :name => /[a-zA-Z]+/, :extra => 'value' }
+      #
+      #     will only match if the first part is alphabetic, and will pass the parameter :extra to the controller.
+      # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - Specify custom routing recognition conditions.  \Resources sets the <tt>:method</tt> value for the method-specific routes.
+      # * <tt>:as</tt> - Specify a different \resource name to use in the URL path. For example:
+      #     # products_path == '/productos'
+      #     map.resources :products, :as => 'productos' do |product|
+      #       # product_reviews_path(product) == '/productos/1234/comentarios'
+      #       product.resources :product_reviews, :as => 'comentarios'
+      #     end
+      #
+      # * <tt>:has_one</tt> - Specify nested \resources, this is a shorthand for mapping singleton \resources beneath the current.
+      # * <tt>:has_many</tt> - Same has <tt>:has_one</tt>, but for plural \resources.
+      #
+      #   You may directly specify the routing association with +has_one+ and +has_many+ like:
+      #
+      #     map.resources :notes, :has_one => :author, :has_many => [:comments, :attachments]
+      #
+      #   This is the same as:
+      #
+      #     map.resources :notes do |notes|
+      #       notes.resource  :author
+      #       notes.resources :comments
+      #       notes.resources :attachments
+      #     end
+      #
+      # * <tt>:path_names</tt> - Specify different path names for the actions. For example:
+      #     # new_products_path == '/productos/nuevo'
+      #     # bids_product_path(1) == '/productos/1/licitacoes'
+      #     map.resources :products, :as => 'productos', :member => { :bids => :get }, :path_names => { :new => 'nuevo', :bids => 'licitacoes' }
+      #
+      #   You can also set default action names from an environment, like this:
+      #     config.action_controller.resources_path_names = { :new => 'nuevo', :edit => 'editar' }
+      #
+      # * <tt>:path_prefix</tt> - Set a prefix to the routes with required route variables.
+      #
+      #   Weblog comments usually belong to a post, so you might use +resources+ like:
+      #
+      #     map.resources :articles
+      #     map.resources :comments, :path_prefix => '/articles/:article_id'
+      #
+      #   You can nest +resources+ calls to set this automatically:
+      #
+      #     map.resources :articles do |article|
+      #       article.resources :comments
+      #     end
+      #
+      #   The comment \resources work the same, but must now include a value for <tt>:article_id</tt>.
+      #
+      #     article_comments_url(@article)
+      #     article_comment_url(@article, @comment)
+      #
+      #     article_comments_url(:article_id => @article)
+      #     article_comment_url(:article_id => @article, :id => @comment)
+      #
+      #   If you don't want to load all objects from the database you might want to use the <tt>article_id</tt> directly:
+      #
+      #     articles_comments_url(@comment.article_id, @comment)
+      #
+      # * <tt>:name_prefix</tt> - Define a prefix for all generated routes, usually ending in an underscore.
+      #   Use this if you have named routes that may clash.
+      #
+      #     map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/books/:book_id', :name_prefix => 'book_'
+      #     map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/toys/:toy_id',   :name_prefix => 'toy_'
+      #
+      # You may also use <tt>:name_prefix</tt> to override the generic named routes in a nested \resource:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :articles do |article|
+      #     article.resources :comments, :name_prefix => nil
+      #   end
+      #
+      # This will yield named \resources like so:
+      #
+      #   comments_url(@article)
+      #   comment_url(@article, @comment)
+      #
+      # * <tt>:shallow</tt> - If true, paths for nested resources which reference a specific member
+      #   (ie. those with an :id parameter) will not use the parent path prefix or name prefix.
+      #
+      # The <tt>:shallow</tt> option is inherited by any nested resource(s).
+      #
+      # For example, 'users', 'posts' and 'comments' all use shallow paths with the following nested resources:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :users, :shallow => true do |user|
+      #     user.resources :posts do |post|
+      #       post.resources :comments
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #   # --> GET /users/1/posts (maps to the PostsController#index action as usual)
+      #   #     also adds the usual named route called "user_posts"
+      #   # --> GET /posts/2 (maps to the PostsController#show action as if it were not nested)
+      #   #     also adds the named route called "post"
+      #   # --> GET /posts/2/comments (maps to the CommentsController#index action)
+      #   #     also adds the named route called "post_comments"
+      #   # --> GET /comments/2 (maps to the CommentsController#show action as if it were not nested)
+      #   #     also adds the named route called "comment"
+      #
+      # You may also use <tt>:shallow</tt> in combination with the +has_one+ and +has_many+ shorthand notations like:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :users, :has_many => { :posts => :comments }, :shallow => true
+      #
+      # * <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> - Specify which of the seven default actions should be routed to.
+      #
+      # <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> may be set to <tt>:all</tt>, <tt>:none</tt>, an action name or a
+      # list of action names. By default, routes are generated for all seven actions.
+      #
+      # For example:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :posts, :only => [:index, :show] do |post|
+      #     post.resources :comments, :except => [:update, :destroy]
+      #   end
+      #   # --> GET /posts (maps to the PostsController#index action)
+      #   # --> POST /posts (fails)
+      #   # --> GET /posts/1 (maps to the PostsController#show action)
+      #   # --> DELETE /posts/1 (fails)
+      #   # --> POST /posts/1/comments (maps to the CommentsController#create action)
+      #   # --> PUT /posts/1/comments/1 (fails)
+      #
+      # If <tt>map.resources</tt> is called with multiple resources, they all get the same options applied.
+      #
+      # Examples:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :path_prefix => "/thread/:thread_id"
+      #   # --> GET /thread/7/messages/1
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :collection => { :rss => :get }
+      #   # --> GET /messages/rss (maps to the #rss action)
+      #   #     also adds a named route called "rss_messages"
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :member => { :mark => :post }
+      #   # --> POST /messages/1/mark (maps to the #mark action)
+      #   #     also adds a named route called "mark_message"
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :new => { :preview => :post }
+      #   # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
+      #   #     also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :new => { :new => :any, :preview => :post }
+      #   # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
+      #   #     also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
+      #   # --> /messages/new can be invoked via any request method
+      #
+      #   map.resources :messages, :controller => "categories",
+      #         :path_prefix => "/category/:category_id",
+      #         :name_prefix => "category_"
+      #   # --> GET /categories/7/messages/1
+      #   #     has named route "category_message"
+      #
+      # The +resources+ method sets HTTP method restrictions on the routes it generates. For example, making an
+      # HTTP POST on <tt>new_message_url</tt> will raise a RoutingError exception. The default route in
+      # <tt>config/routes.rb</tt> overrides this and allows invalid HTTP methods for \resource routes.
+      def resources(*entities, &block)
+        options = entities.extract_options!
+        entities.each { |entity| map_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
+      end
+
+      # Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers for a singleton \resource.
+      # A singleton \resource is global to its current context.  For unnested singleton \resources,
+      # the \resource is global to the current user visiting the application, such as a user's
+      # <tt>/account</tt> profile.  For nested singleton \resources, the \resource is global to its parent
+      # \resource, such as a <tt>projects</tt> \resource that <tt>has_one :project_manager</tt>.
+      # The <tt>project_manager</tt> should be mapped as a singleton \resource under <tt>projects</tt>:
+      #
+      #   map.resources :projects do |project|
+      #     project.resource :project_manager
+      #   end
+      #
+      # See +resources+ for general conventions.  These are the main differences:
+      # * A singular name is given to <tt>map.resource</tt>.  The default controller name is still taken from the plural name.
+      # * To specify a custom plural name, use the <tt>:plural</tt> option.  There is no <tt>:singular</tt> option.
+      # * No default index route is created for the singleton \resource controller.
+      # * When nesting singleton \resources, only the singular name is used as the path prefix (example: 'account/messages/1')
+      #
+      # For example:
+      #
+      #   map.resource :account
+      #
+      # maps these actions in the Accounts controller:
+      #
+      #   class AccountsController < ActionController::Base
+      #     # GET new_account_url
+      #     def new
+      #       # return an HTML form for describing the new account
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # POST account_url
+      #     def create
+      #       # create an account
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # GET account_url
+      #     def show
+      #       # find and return the account
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # GET edit_account_url
+      #     def edit
+      #       # return an HTML form for editing the account
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # PUT account_url
+      #     def update
+      #       # find and update the account
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # DELETE account_url
+      #     def destroy
+      #       # delete the account
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      # Along with the routes themselves, +resource+ generates named routes for
+      # use in controllers and views. <tt>map.resource :account</tt> produces
+      # these named routes and helpers:
+      #
+      #   Named Route   Helpers
+      #   ============  =============================================
+      #   account       account_url, hash_for_account_url,
+      #                 account_path, hash_for_account_path
+      #
+      #   new_account   new_account_url, hash_for_new_account_url,
+      #                 new_account_path, hash_for_new_account_path
+      #
+      #   edit_account  edit_account_url, hash_for_edit_account_url,
+      #                 edit_account_path, hash_for_edit_account_path
+      def resource(*entities, &block)
+        options = entities.extract_options!
+        entities.each { |entity| map_singleton_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
+      end
+
+      private
+        def map_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
+          resource = Resource.new(entities, options)
+
+          with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
+            map_associations(resource, options)
+
+            if block_given?
+              with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
+            end
+
+            map_collection_actions(map, resource)
+            map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
+            map_new_actions(map, resource)
+            map_member_actions(map, resource)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_singleton_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
+          resource = SingletonResource.new(entities, options)
+
+          with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
+            map_associations(resource, options)
+
+            if block_given?
+              with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
+            end
+
+            map_collection_actions(map, resource)
+            map_new_actions(map, resource)
+            map_member_actions(map, resource)
+            map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_associations(resource, options)
+          map_has_many_associations(resource, options.delete(:has_many), options) if options[:has_many]
+
+          path_prefix = "#{options.delete(:path_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_path_prefix}"
+          name_prefix = "#{options.delete(:name_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_name_prefix}"
+
+          Array(options[:has_one]).each do |association|
+            resource(association, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => path_prefix, :name_prefix => name_prefix))
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_has_many_associations(resource, associations, options)
+          case associations
+          when Hash
+            associations.each do |association,has_many|
+              map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options.merge(:has_many => has_many))
+            end
+          when Array
+            associations.each do |association|
+              map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options)
+            end
+          when Symbol, String
+            resources(associations, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix, :has_many => options[:has_many]))
+          else
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_collection_actions(map, resource)
+          resource.collection_methods.each do |method, actions|
+            actions.each do |action|
+              [method].flatten.each do |m|
+                action_path = resource.options[:path_names][action] if resource.options[:path_names].is_a?(Hash)
+                action_path ||= action
+
+                map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action_path}", "#{action}_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}", m)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
+          index_route_name = "#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}"
+
+          if resource.uncountable?
+            index_route_name << "_index"
+          end
+
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :index, resource.path, index_route_name)
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, index_route_name)
+        end
+
+        def map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}")
+        end
+
+        def map_new_actions(map, resource)
+          resource.new_methods.each do |method, actions|
+            actions.each do |action|
+              route_path = resource.new_path
+              route_name = "new_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
+
+              unless action == :new
+                route_path = "#{route_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action}"
+                route_name = "#{action}_#{route_name}"
+              end
+
+              map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name, method)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def map_member_actions(map, resource)
+          resource.member_methods.each do |method, actions|
+            actions.each do |action|
+              [method].flatten.each do |m|
+                action_path = resource.options[:path_names][action] if resource.options[:path_names].is_a?(Hash)
+                action_path ||= ActionController::Base.resources_path_names[action] || action
+
+                map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.member_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action_path}", "#{action}_#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}", m, { :force_id => true })
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          route_path = "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :show, resource.member_path, route_path)
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :update, resource.member_path, route_path)
+          map_resource_routes(map, resource, :destroy, resource.member_path, route_path)
+        end
+
+        def map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name = nil, method = nil, resource_options = {} )
+          if resource.has_action?(action)
+            action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method, resource_options)
+            formatted_route_path = "#{route_path}.:format"
+
+            if route_name && @set.named_routes[route_name.to_sym].nil?
+              map.named_route(route_name, formatted_route_path, action_options)
+            else
+              map.connect(formatted_route_path, action_options)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def add_conditions_for(conditions, method)
+          returning({:conditions => conditions.dup}) do |options|
+            options[:conditions][:method] = method unless method == :any
+          end
+        end
+
+        def action_options_for(action, resource, method = nil, resource_options = {})
+          default_options = { :action => action.to_s }
+          require_id = !resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource)
+          force_id = resource_options[:force_id] && !resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource)
+
+          case default_options[:action]
+            when "index", "new"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements)
+            when "create";       default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :post)).merge(resource.requirements)
+            when "show", "edit"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
+            when "update";       default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :put)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
+            when "destroy";      default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :delete)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
+            else                 default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method)).merge(resource.requirements(force_id))
+          end
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d770dedd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+module ActionDispatch
+  module Routing
+    class Mapper
+      module Resources
+        def resource(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.last.is_a?(Hash) ? resources.pop : {}
+
+          if resources.length > 1
+            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
+            resources.each { |r| resource(r, options) }
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource = resources.pop
+
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            member do
+              resource(resource, options, &block)
+            end
+            return self
+          end
+
+          singular = resource.to_s
+          plural   = singular.pluralize
+
+          controller(plural) do
+            namespace(resource) do
+              with_scope_level(:resource) do
+                yield if block_given?
+
+                get "", :to => :show, :as => "#{singular}"
+                post "", :to => :create
+                put "", :to => :update
+                delete "", :to => :destroy
+                get "new", :to => :new, :as => "new_#{singular}"
+                get "edit", :to => :edit, :as => "edit_#{singular}"
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          self
+        end
+
+        def resources(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.last.is_a?(Hash) ? resources.pop : {}
+
+          if resources.length > 1
+            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
+            resources.each { |r| resources(r, options) }
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource = resources.pop
+
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            member do
+              resources(resource, options, &block)
+            end
+            return self
+          end
+
+          plural   = resource.to_s
+          singular = plural.singularize
+
+          controller(resource) do
+            namespace(resource) do
+              with_scope_level(:resources) do
+                yield if block_given?
+
+                member do
+                  get "", :to => :show, :as => "#{singular}"
+                  put "", :to => :update
+                  delete "", :to => :destroy
+                  get "edit", :to => :edit, :as => "edit_#{singular}"
+                end
+
+                collection do
+                  get "", :to => :index, :as => "#{plural}"
+                  post "", :to => :create
+                  get "new", :to => :new, :as => "new_#{singular}"
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          self
+        end
+
+        def collection
+          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use collection outside resources scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:collection) do
+            yield
+          end
+        end
+
+        def member
+          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use member outside resources scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:member) do
+            scope(":id") do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def match(*args)
+          options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+          args.push(options)
+
+          case options.delete(:on)
+          when :collection
+            return collection { match(*args) }
+          when :member
+            return member { match(*args) }
+          end
+
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't define route directly in resources scope"
+          end
+
+          super
+        end
+
+        private
+          def with_scope_level(kind)
+            old, @scope[:scope_level] = @scope[:scope_level], kind
+            yield
+          ensure
+            @scope[:scope_level] = old
+          end
+      end
+
+      module Scoping
+        def scope(*args)
+          options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+
+          constraints = options.delete(:constraints) || {}
+          unless constraints.is_a?(Hash)
+            block, constraints = constraints, {}
+          end
+          constraints, @scope[:constraints] = @scope[:constraints], (@scope[:constraints] || {}).merge(constraints)
+          blocks, @scope[:blocks] = @scope[:blocks], (@scope[:blocks] || []) + [block]
+
+          options, @scope[:options] = @scope[:options], (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
+
+          path_set = controller_set = false
+
+          case args.first
+          when String
+            path_set = true
+            path = args.first
+            path, @scope[:path] = @scope[:path], "#{@scope[:path]}#{Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path)}"
+          when Symbol
+            controller_set = true
+            controller = args.first
+            controller, @scope[:controller] = @scope[:controller], controller
+          end
+
+          yield
+
+          self
+        ensure
+          @scope[:path] = path if path_set
+          @scope[:controller] = controller if controller_set
+          @scope[:options] = options
+          @scope[:blocks] = blocks
+          @scope[:constraints] = constraints
+        end
+
+        def controller(controller)
+          scope(controller.to_sym) { yield }
+        end
+
+        def namespace(path)
+          scope(path.to_s) { yield }
+        end
+
+        def constraints(constraints = {})
+          scope(:constraints => constraints) { yield }
+        end
+      end
+
+      class Constraints
+        def initialize(app, constraints = [])
+          @app, @constraints = app, constraints
+        end
+
+        def call(env)
+          req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+
+          @constraints.each { |constraint|
+            if constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)
+              return [417, {}, []]
+            elsif constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(req)
+              return [417, {}, []]
+            end
+          }
+
+          @app.call(env)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def initialize(set)
+        @set = set
+        @scope = {}
+
+        extend Scoping
+        extend Resources
+      end
+
+      def get(*args, &block)
+        map_method(:get, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def post(*args, &block)
+        map_method(:post, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def put(*args, &block)
+        map_method(:put, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def delete(*args, &block)
+        map_method(:delete, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def root(options = {})
+        match '/', options.merge(:as => :root)
+      end
+
+      def match(*args)
+        options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+
+        if args.length > 1
+          args.each { |path| match(path, options) }
+          return self
+        end
+
+        if args.first.is_a?(Symbol)
+          return match(args.first.to_s, options.merge(:to => args.first.to_sym))
+        end
+
+        path = args.first
+
+        options = (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
+        conditions, defaults = {}, {}
+
+        path = nil if path == ""
+        path = Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path) if path
+        path = "#{@scope[:path]}#{path}" if @scope[:path]
+
+        raise ArgumentError, "path is required" unless path
+
+        constraints = options[:constraints] || {}
+        unless constraints.is_a?(Hash)
+          block, constraints = constraints, {}
+        end
+        blocks = ((@scope[:blocks] || []) + [block]).compact
+        constraints = (@scope[:constraints] || {}).merge(constraints)
+        options.each { |k, v| constraints[k] = v if v.is_a?(Regexp) }
+
+        conditions[:path_info] = path
+        requirements = constraints.dup
+
+        path_regexp = Rack::Mount::Strexp.compile(path, constraints, SEPARATORS)
+        segment_keys = Rack::Mount::RegexpWithNamedGroups.new(path_regexp).names
+        constraints.reject! { |k, v| segment_keys.include?(k.to_s) }
+        conditions.merge!(constraints)
+
+        if via = options[:via]
+          via = Array(via).map { |m| m.to_s.upcase }
+          conditions[:request_method] = Regexp.union(*via)
+        end
+
+        defaults[:controller] = @scope[:controller].to_s if @scope[:controller]
+
+        if options[:to].respond_to?(:call)
+          app = options[:to]
+          defaults.delete(:controller)
+          defaults.delete(:action)
+        elsif options[:to].is_a?(String)
+          defaults[:controller], defaults[:action] = options[:to].split('#')
+        elsif options[:to].is_a?(Symbol)
+          defaults[:action] = options[:to].to_s
+        end
+        app ||= Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher.new(:defaults => defaults)
+
+        if app.is_a?(Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher)
+          unless defaults.include?(:controller) || segment_keys.include?("controller")
+            raise ArgumentError, "missing :controller"
+          end
+          unless defaults.include?(:action) || segment_keys.include?("action")
+            raise ArgumentError, "missing :action"
+          end
+        end
+
+        app = Constraints.new(app, blocks) if blocks.any?
+        @set.add_route(app, conditions, requirements, defaults, options[:as])
+
+        self
+      end
+
+      def redirect(path, options = {})
+        status = options[:status] || 301
+        lambda { |env|
+          req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+          url = req.scheme + '://' + req.host + path
+          [status, {'Location' => url, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Moved Permanently']]
+        }
+      end
+
+      private
+        def map_method(method, *args, &block)
+          options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+          options[:via] = method
+          args.push(options)
+          match(*args, &block)
+          self
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1431e7a37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+module ActionDispatch
+  module Routing
+    class Route #:nodoc:
+      attr_reader :app, :conditions, :defaults, :name
+      attr_reader :path, :requirements
+
+      def initialize(app, conditions = {}, requirements = {}, defaults = {}, name = nil)
+        @app = app
+        @defaults = defaults
+        @name = name
+
+        @requirements = requirements.merge(defaults)
+        @requirements.delete(:controller) if @requirements[:controller].is_a?(Regexp)
+        @requirements.delete_if { |k, v|
+          v == Regexp.compile("[^#{SEPARATORS.join}]+")
+        }
+
+        if path = conditions[:path_info]
+          @path = path
+          conditions[:path_info] = ::Rack::Mount::Strexp.compile(path, requirements, SEPARATORS)
+        end
+
+        @conditions = conditions.inject({}) { |h, (k, v)|
+          h[k] = Rack::Mount::RegexpWithNamedGroups.new(v)
+          h
+        }
+      end
+
+      def verb
+        if method = conditions[:request_method]
+          case method
+          when Regexp
+            method.source.upcase
+          else
+            method.to_s.upcase
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def segment_keys
+        @segment_keys ||= conditions[:path_info].names.compact.map { |key| key.to_sym }
+      end
+
+      def to_a
+        [@app, @conditions, @defaults, @name]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/route_set.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
index 25fdbf480e..c28df76f3f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/routing/route_set.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
@@ -1,69 +1,63 @@
-module ActionController
+require 'rack/mount'
+require 'forwardable'
+
+module ActionDispatch
   module Routing
     class RouteSet #:nodoc:
-      # Mapper instances are used to build routes. The object passed to the draw
-      # block in config/routes.rb is a Mapper instance.
-      #
-      # Mapper instances have relatively few instance methods, in order to avoid
-      # clashes with named routes.
-      class Mapper #:doc:
-        include ActionController::Resources
-
-        def initialize(set) #:nodoc:
-          @set = set
-        end
+      NotFound = lambda { |env|
+        raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{env['PATH_INFO'].inspect} with #{env.inspect}"
+      }
+
+      PARAMETERS_KEY = 'action_dispatch.request.path_parameters'
 
-        # Create an unnamed route with the provided +path+ and +options+. See
-        # ActionController::Routing for an introduction to routes.
-        def connect(path, options = {})
-          @set.add_route(path, options)
+      class Dispatcher
+        def initialize(options = {})
+          defaults = options[:defaults]
+          @glob_param = options.delete(:glob)
         end
 
-        # Creates a named route called "root" for matching the root level request.
-        def root(options = {})
-          if options.is_a?(Symbol)
-            if source_route = @set.named_routes.routes[options]
-              options = source_route.defaults.merge({ :conditions => source_route.conditions })
+        def call(env)
+          params = env[PARAMETERS_KEY]
+          merge_default_action!(params)
+          split_glob_param!(params) if @glob_param
+          params.each do |key, value|
+            if value.is_a?(String)
+              value = value.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if value.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+              params[key] = URI.unescape(value)
             end
           end
-          named_route("root", '', options)
-        end
-
-        def named_route(name, path, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-          @set.add_named_route(name, path, options)
-        end
 
-        # Enables the use of resources in a module by setting the name_prefix, path_prefix, and namespace for the model.
-        # Example:
-        #
-        #   map.namespace(:admin) do |admin|
-        #     admin.resources :products,
-        #       :has_many => [ :tags, :images, :variants ]
-        #   end
-        #
-        # This will create +admin_products_url+ pointing to "admin/products", which will look for an Admin::ProductsController.
-        # It'll also create +admin_product_tags_url+ pointing to "admin/products/#{product_id}/tags", which will look for
-        # Admin::TagsController.
-        def namespace(name, options = {}, &block)
-          if options[:namespace]
-            with_options({:path_prefix => "#{options.delete(:path_prefix)}/#{name}", :name_prefix => "#{options.delete(:name_prefix)}#{name}_", :namespace => "#{options.delete(:namespace)}#{name}/" }.merge(options), &block)
+          if env['action_controller.recognize']
+            [200, {}, params]
           else
-            with_options({:path_prefix => name, :name_prefix => "#{name}_", :namespace => "#{name}/" }.merge(options), &block)
+            controller = controller(params)
+            controller.action(params[:action]).call(env)
           end
         end
 
-        def method_missing(route_name, *args, &proc) #:nodoc:
-          super unless args.length >= 1 && proc.nil?
-          @set.add_named_route(route_name, *args)
-        end
+        private
+          def controller(params)
+            if params && params.has_key?(:controller)
+              controller = "#{params[:controller].camelize}Controller"
+              ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(controller)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def merge_default_action!(params)
+            params[:action] ||= 'index'
+          end
+
+          def split_glob_param!(params)
+            params[@glob_param] = params[@glob_param].split('/').map { |v| URI.unescape(v) }
+          end
       end
 
+
       # A NamedRouteCollection instance is a collection of named routes, and also
       # maintains an anonymous module that can be used to install helpers for the
       # named routes.
       class NamedRouteCollection #:nodoc:
         include Enumerable
-        include ActionController::Routing::Optimisation
         attr_reader :routes, :helpers
 
         def initialize
@@ -175,8 +169,6 @@ module ActionController
             named_helper_module_eval <<-end_eval # We use module_eval to avoid leaks
               def #{selector}(*args)                                                        # def users_url(*args)
                                                                                             #
-                #{generate_optimisation_block(route, kind)}                                 #   #{generate_optimisation_block(route, kind)}
-                                                                                            #
                 opts = if args.empty? || Hash === args.first                                #   opts = if args.empty? || Hash === args.first
                   args.first || {}                                                          #     args.first || {}
                 else                                                                        #   else
@@ -216,28 +208,18 @@ module ActionController
         clear!
       end
 
-      # Subclasses and plugins may override this method to specify a different
-      # RouteBuilder instance, so that other route DSL's can be created.
-      def builder
-        @builder ||= RouteBuilder.new
-      end
-
-      def draw
+      def draw(&block)
         clear!
-        yield Mapper.new(self)
+        Mapper.new(self).instance_exec(DeprecatedMapper.new(self), &block)
+        @set.add_route(NotFound)
         install_helpers
+        @set.freeze
       end
 
       def clear!
         routes.clear
         named_routes.clear
-
-        @combined_regexp = nil
-        @routes_by_controller = nil
-
-        # This will force routing/recognition_optimization.rb
-        # to refresh optimisations.
-        clear_recognize_optimized!
+        @set = ::Rack::Mount::RouteSet.new(:parameters_key => PARAMETERS_KEY)
       end
 
       def install_helpers(destinations = [ActionController::Base, ActionView::Base], regenerate_code = false)
@@ -257,7 +239,7 @@ module ActionController
       def configuration_file=(path)
         add_configuration_file(path)
       end
-      
+
       # Deprecated accessor
       def configuration_file
         configuration_files
@@ -296,31 +278,26 @@ module ActionController
 
       def routes_changed_at
         routes_changed_at = nil
-        
+
         configuration_files.each do |config|
           config_changed_at = File.stat(config).mtime
 
           if routes_changed_at.nil? || config_changed_at > routes_changed_at
-            routes_changed_at = config_changed_at 
+            routes_changed_at = config_changed_at
           end
         end
-        
+
         routes_changed_at
       end
 
-      def add_route(path, options = {})
-        options.each { |k, v| options[k] = v.to_s if [:controller, :action].include?(k) && v.is_a?(Symbol) }
-        route = builder.build(path, options)
+      def add_route(app, conditions = {}, requirements = {}, defaults = {}, name = nil)
+        route = Route.new(app, conditions, requirements, defaults, name)
+        @set.add_route(*route)
+        named_routes[name] = route if name
         routes << route
         route
       end
 
-      def add_named_route(name, path, options = {})
-        # TODO - is options EVER used?
-        name = options[:name_prefix] + name.to_s if options[:name_prefix]
-        named_routes[name.to_sym] = add_route(path, options)
-      end
-
       def options_as_params(options)
         # If an explicit :controller was given, always make :action explicit
         # too, so that action expiry works as expected for things like
@@ -356,24 +333,29 @@ module ActionController
         generate(options, recall, :generate_extras)
       end
 
-      def generate(options, recall = {}, method=:generate)
-        named_route_name = options.delete(:use_route)
-        generate_all = options.delete(:generate_all)
-        if named_route_name
-          named_route = named_routes[named_route_name]
-          options = named_route.parameter_shell.merge(options)
-        end
+      def generate(options, recall = {}, method = :generate)
+        options, recall = options.dup, recall.dup
+        named_route = options.delete(:use_route)
 
         options = options_as_params(options)
         expire_on = build_expiry(options, recall)
 
-        if options[:controller]
-          options[:controller] = options[:controller].to_s
+        recall[:action] ||= 'index' if options[:controller] || recall[:controller]
+
+        if recall[:controller] && (!options.has_key?(:controller) || options[:controller] == recall[:controller])
+          options[:controller] = recall.delete(:controller)
+
+          if recall[:action] && (!options.has_key?(:action) || options[:action] == recall[:action])
+            options[:action] = recall.delete(:action)
+
+            if recall[:id] && (!options.has_key?(:id) || options[:id] == recall[:id])
+              options[:id] = recall.delete(:id)
+            end
+          end
         end
-        # if the controller has changed, make sure it changes relative to the
-        # current controller module, if any. In other words, if we're currently
-        # on admin/get, and the new controller is 'set', the new controller
-        # should really be admin/set.
+
+        options[:controller] = options[:controller].to_s if options[:controller]
+
         if !named_route && expire_on[:controller] && options[:controller] && options[:controller][0] != ?/
           old_parts = recall[:controller].split('/')
           new_parts = options[:controller].split('/')
@@ -381,63 +363,54 @@ module ActionController
           options[:controller] = parts.join('/')
         end
 
-        # drop the leading '/' on the controller name
         options[:controller] = options[:controller][1..-1] if options[:controller] && options[:controller][0] == ?/
-        merged = recall.merge(options)
-
-        if named_route
-          path = named_route.generate(options, merged, expire_on)
-          if path.nil?
-            raise_named_route_error(options, named_route, named_route_name)
-          else
-            return path
-          end
-        else
-          merged[:action] ||= 'index'
-          options[:action] ||= 'index'
-
-          controller = merged[:controller]
-          action = merged[:action]
 
-          raise RoutingError, "Need controller and action!" unless controller && action
-
-          if generate_all
-            # Used by caching to expire all paths for a resource
-            return routes.collect do |route|
-              route.__send__(method, options, merged, expire_on)
-            end.compact
-          end
-
-          # don't use the recalled keys when determining which routes to check
-          routes = routes_by_controller[controller][action][options.reject {|k,v| !v}.keys.sort_by { |x| x.object_id }]
-
-          routes.each_with_index do |route, index|
-            results = route.__send__(method, options, merged, expire_on)
-            if results && (!results.is_a?(Array) || results.first)
-              return results
-            end
-          end
+        merged = options.merge(recall)
+        if options.has_key?(:action) && options[:action].nil?
+          options.delete(:action)
+          recall[:action] = 'index'
         end
-
-        raise RoutingError, "No route matches #{options.inspect}"
-      end
-
-      # try to give a helpful error message when named route generation fails
-      def raise_named_route_error(options, named_route, named_route_name)
-        diff = named_route.requirements.diff(options)
-        unless diff.empty?
-          raise RoutingError, "#{named_route_name}_url failed to generate from #{options.inspect}, expected: #{named_route.requirements.inspect}, diff: #{named_route.requirements.diff(options).inspect}"
+        recall[:action] = options.delete(:action) if options[:action] == 'index'
+
+        path = _uri(named_route, options, recall)
+        if path && method == :generate_extras
+          uri = URI(path)
+          extras = uri.query ?
+            Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query(uri.query).keys.map { |k| k.to_sym } :
+            []
+          [uri.path, extras]
+        elsif path
+          path
         else
-          required_segments = named_route.segments.select {|seg| (!seg.optional?) && (!seg.is_a?(DividerSegment)) }
-          required_keys_or_values = required_segments.map { |seg| seg.key rescue seg.value } # we want either the key or the value from the segment
-          raise RoutingError, "#{named_route_name}_url failed to generate from #{options.inspect} - you may have ambiguous routes, or you may need to supply additional parameters for this route.  content_url has the following required parameters: #{required_keys_or_values.inspect} - are they all satisfied?"
+          raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{options.inspect}"
         end
+      rescue Rack::Mount::RoutingError
+        raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{options.inspect}"
       end
 
       def call(env)
-        request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env)
-        app = Routing::Routes.recognize(request)
-        app.action(request.parameters[:action] || 'index').call(env)
+        @set.call(env)
+      rescue ActionController::RoutingError => e
+        raise e if env['action_controller.rescue_error'] == false
+
+        method, path = env['REQUEST_METHOD'].downcase.to_sym, env['PATH_INFO']
+
+        # Route was not recognized. Try to find out why (maybe wrong verb).
+        allows = HTTP_METHODS.select { |verb|
+          begin
+            recognize_path(path, {:method => verb}, false)
+          rescue ActionController::RoutingError
+            nil
+          end
+        }
+
+        if !HTTP_METHODS.include?(method)
+          raise ActionController::NotImplemented.new(*allows)
+        elsif !allows.empty?
+          raise ActionController::MethodNotAllowed.new(*allows)
+        else
+          raise e
+        end
       end
 
       def recognize(request)
@@ -446,33 +419,19 @@ module ActionController
         "#{params[:controller].to_s.camelize}Controller".constantize
       end
 
-      def recognize_path(path, environment={})
-        raise "Not optimized! Check that routing/recognition_optimisation overrides RouteSet#recognize_path."
-      end
+      def recognize_path(path, environment = {}, rescue_error = true)
+        method = (environment[:method] || "GET").to_s.upcase
 
-      def routes_by_controller
-        @routes_by_controller ||= Hash.new do |controller_hash, controller|
-          controller_hash[controller] = Hash.new do |action_hash, action|
-            action_hash[action] = Hash.new do |key_hash, keys|
-              key_hash[keys] = routes_for_controller_and_action_and_keys(controller, action, keys)
-            end
-          end
+        begin
+          env = Rack::MockRequest.env_for(path, {:method => method})
+        rescue URI::InvalidURIError => e
+          raise ActionController::RoutingError, e.message
         end
-      end
-
-      def routes_for(options, merged, expire_on)
-        raise "Need controller and action!" unless controller && action
-        controller = merged[:controller]
-        merged = options if expire_on[:controller]
-        action = merged[:action] || 'index'
 
-        routes_by_controller[controller][action][merged.keys][1]
-      end
-
-      def routes_for_controller_and_action_and_keys(controller, action, keys)
-        routes.select do |route|
-          route.matches_controller_and_action? controller, action
-        end
+        env['action_controller.recognize'] = true
+        env['action_controller.rescue_error'] = rescue_error
+        status, headers, body = call(env)
+        body
       end
 
       # Subclasses and plugins may override this method to extract further attributes
@@ -480,6 +439,59 @@ module ActionController
       def extract_request_environment(request)
         { :method => request.method }
       end
+
+      private
+        def _uri(named_route, params, recall)
+          params = URISegment.wrap_values(params)
+          recall = URISegment.wrap_values(recall)
+
+          unless result = @set.generate(:path_info, named_route, params, recall)
+            return
+          end
+
+          uri, params = result
+          params.each do |k, v|
+            if v._value
+              params[k] = v._value
+            else
+              params.delete(k)
+            end
+          end
+
+          uri << "?#{Rack::Mount::Utils.build_nested_query(params)}" if uri && params.any?
+          uri
+        end
+
+        class URISegment < Struct.new(:_value, :_escape)
+          EXCLUDED = [:controller]
+
+          def self.wrap_values(hash)
+            hash.inject({}) { |h, (k, v)|
+              h[k] = new(v, !EXCLUDED.include?(k.to_sym))
+              h
+            }
+          end
+
+          extend Forwardable
+          def_delegators :_value, :==, :eql?, :hash
+
+          def to_param
+            @to_param ||= begin
+              if _value.is_a?(Array)
+                _value.map { |v| _escaped(v) }.join('/')
+              else
+                _escaped(_value)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          alias_method :to_s, :to_param
+
+          private
+            def _escaped(value)
+              v = value.respond_to?(:to_param) ? value.to_param : value
+              _escape ? Rack::Mount::Utils.escape_uri(v) : v.to_s
+            end
+        end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions.rb
index 96f08f2355..0e4a92048f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
 module ActionDispatch
   module Assertions
-    %w(response selector tag dom routing model).each do |kind|
-      require "action_dispatch/testing/assertions/#{kind}"
-      include const_get("#{kind.camelize}Assertions")
+    autoload :DomAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom'
+    autoload :ModelAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/model'
+    autoload :ResponseAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/response'
+    autoload :RoutingAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/routing'
+    autoload :SelectorAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/selector'
+    autoload :TagAssertions, 'action_dispatch/testing/assertions/tag'
+
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    included do
+      include DomAssertions
+      include ModelAssertions
+      include ResponseAssertions
+      include RoutingAssertions
+      include SelectorAssertions
+      include TagAssertions
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
index 2c4a3a356d..40d6f97b2a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
@@ -396,8 +396,12 @@ module ActionDispatch
       # Delegate unhandled messages to the current session instance.
       def method_missing(sym, *args, &block)
         reset! unless @integration_session
-        returning @integration_session.__send__(sym, *args, &block) do
-          copy_session_variables!
+        if @integration_session.respond_to?(sym)
+          returning @integration_session.__send__(sym, *args, &block) do
+            copy_session_variables!
+          end
+        else
+          super
         end
       end
     end
@@ -486,7 +490,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
     def self.app
       # DEPRECATE Rails application fallback
       # This should be set by the initializer
-      @@app || (defined?(Rails.application) && Rails.application.new) || nil
+      @@app || (defined?(Rails.application) && Rails.application) || nil
     end
 
     def self.app=(app)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
index 31e9c5ef9d..c33695770f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/base.rb
@@ -169,6 +169,15 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
 
     include Helpers, Rendering, Partials, ::ERB::Util
 
+    def config
+      self.config = DEFAULT_CONFIG unless @config
+      @config
+    end
+
+    def config=(config)
+      @config = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new.merge(config)
+    end
+
     extend ActiveSupport::Memoizable
 
     attr_accessor :base_path, :assigns, :template_extension, :formats
@@ -178,11 +187,11 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     def reset_formats(formats)
       @formats = formats
 
-      if defined?(ActionController)
+      if defined?(AbstractController::HashKey)
         # This is expensive, but we need to reset this when the format is updated,
         # which currently only happens
         Thread.current[:format_locale_key] =
-          ActionController::HashKey.get(self.class, formats, I18n.locale)
+          AbstractController::HashKey.get(self.class, formats, I18n.locale)
       end
     end
 
@@ -203,6 +212,11 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     @@cache_template_loading = nil
     cattr_accessor :cache_template_loading
 
+    # :nodoc:
+    def self.xss_safe?
+      true
+    end
+
     def self.cache_template_loading?
       ActionController::Base.allow_concurrency || (cache_template_loading.nil? ? !ActiveSupport::Dependencies.load? : cache_template_loading)
     end
@@ -236,16 +250,16 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       # they are in AC.
       if controller.class.respond_to?(:_helper_serial)
         klass = @views[controller.class._helper_serial] ||= Class.new(self) do
-          const_set(:CONTROLLER_CLASS, controller.class)
-
           # Try to make stack traces clearer
-          def self.name
-            "ActionView for #{CONTROLLER_CLASS}"
-          end
-
-          def inspect
-            "#<#{self.class.name}>"
-          end
+          class_eval <<-ruby_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            def self.name
+              "ActionView for #{controller.class}"
+            end
+
+            def inspect
+              "#<#{self.class.name}>"
+            end
+          ruby_eval
 
           if controller.respond_to?(:_helpers)
             include controller._helpers
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/erb/util.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/erb/util.rb
index f767a5e27e..aef859b3ac 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/erb/util.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/erb/util.rb
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class ERB
       end
     end
 
+    undef :h
     alias h html_escape
 
     module_function :html_escape
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers.rb
index d63e8602f1..3d088678fc 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+require 'active_support/benchmarkable'
+
 module ActionView #:nodoc:
   module Helpers #:nodoc:
     autoload :ActiveModelHelper, 'action_view/helpers/active_model_helper'
     autoload :AjaxHelper, 'action_view/helpers/ajax_helper'
     autoload :AssetTagHelper, 'action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper'
     autoload :AtomFeedHelper, 'action_view/helpers/atom_feed_helper'
-    autoload :BenchmarkHelper, 'action_view/helpers/benchmark_helper'
     autoload :CacheHelper, 'action_view/helpers/cache_helper'
     autoload :CaptureHelper, 'action_view/helpers/capture_helper'
     autoload :DateHelper, 'action_view/helpers/date_helper'
@@ -33,10 +34,11 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       include SanitizeHelper::ClassMethods
     end
 
+    include ActiveSupport::Benchmarkable
+
     include ActiveModelHelper
     include AssetTagHelper
     include AtomFeedHelper
-    include BenchmarkHelper
     include CacheHelper
     include CaptureHelper
     include DateHelper
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/active_model_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/active_model_helper.rb
index 7cc1e48572..c70f29f098 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/active_model_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/active_model_helper.rb
@@ -191,19 +191,19 @@ module ActionView
         options = params.extract_options!.symbolize_keys
 
         objects = Array.wrap(options.delete(:object) || params).map do |object|
-          unless object.respond_to?(:to_model)
-            object = instance_variable_get("@#{object}")
-            object = convert_to_model(object)
-          else
-            object = object.to_model
-            options[:object_name] ||= object.class.model_name.human
+          object = instance_variable_get("@#{object}") unless object.respond_to?(:to_model)
+          object = convert_to_model(object)
+
+          if object.class.respond_to?(:model_name)
+            options[:object_name] ||= object.class.model_name.human.downcase
           end
+
           object
         end
 
         objects.compact!
-
         count = objects.inject(0) {|sum, object| sum + object.errors.count }
+
         unless count.zero?
           html = {}
           [:id, :class].each do |key|
@@ -216,16 +216,20 @@ module ActionView
           end
           options[:object_name] ||= params.first
 
-          I18n.with_options :locale => options[:locale], :scope => [:activerecord, :errors, :template] do |locale|
+          I18n.with_options :locale => options[:locale], :scope => [:activemodel, :errors, :template] do |locale|
             header_message = if options.include?(:header_message)
               options[:header_message]
             else
-              object_name = options[:object_name].to_s.gsub('_', ' ')
-              object_name = I18n.t(options[:object_name].to_s, :default => object_name, :scope => [:activerecord, :models], :count => 1)
-              locale.t :header, :count => count, :model => object_name
+              locale.t :header, :count => count, :model => options[:object_name].to_s.gsub('_', ' ')
             end
+
             message = options.include?(:message) ? options[:message] : locale.t(:body)
-            error_messages = objects.sum {|object| object.errors.full_messages.map {|msg| content_tag(:li, ERB::Util.html_escape(msg)) } }.join
+
+            error_messages = objects.sum do |object|
+              object.errors.full_messages.map do |msg|
+                content_tag(:li, ERB::Util.html_escape(msg))
+              end
+            end.join
 
             contents = ''
             contents << content_tag(options[:header_tag] || :h2, header_message) unless header_message.blank?
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb
index faa7f2e2e9..15b70ecff5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb
@@ -133,9 +133,13 @@ module ActionView
     # change. You can use something like Live HTTP Headers for Firefox to verify
     # that the cache is indeed working.
     module AssetTagHelper
-      ASSETS_DIR      = defined?(Rails.public_path) ? Rails.public_path : "public"
-      JAVASCRIPTS_DIR = "#{ASSETS_DIR}/javascripts"
-      STYLESHEETS_DIR = "#{ASSETS_DIR}/stylesheets"
+      assets_dir = defined?(Rails.public_path) ? Rails.public_path : "public"
+      ActionView::DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
+        :assets_dir => assets_dir,
+        :javascripts_dir => "#{assets_dir}/javascripts",
+        :stylesheets_dir => "#{assets_dir}/stylesheets",
+      }
+
       JAVASCRIPT_DEFAULT_SOURCES = ['prototype', 'effects', 'dragdrop', 'controls'].freeze unless const_defined?(:JAVASCRIPT_DEFAULT_SOURCES)
 
       # Returns a link tag that browsers and news readers can use to auto-detect
@@ -280,7 +284,7 @@ module ActionView
 
         if concat || (ActionController::Base.perform_caching && cache)
           joined_javascript_name = (cache == true ? "all" : cache) + ".js"
-          joined_javascript_path = File.join(joined_javascript_name[/^#{File::SEPARATOR}/] ? ASSETS_DIR : JAVASCRIPTS_DIR, joined_javascript_name)
+          joined_javascript_path = File.join(joined_javascript_name[/^#{File::SEPARATOR}/] ? config.assets_dir : config.javascripts_dir, joined_javascript_name)
 
           unless ActionController::Base.perform_caching && File.exists?(joined_javascript_path)
             write_asset_file_contents(joined_javascript_path, compute_javascript_paths(sources, recursive))
@@ -431,7 +435,7 @@ module ActionView
 
         if concat || (ActionController::Base.perform_caching && cache)
           joined_stylesheet_name = (cache == true ? "all" : cache) + ".css"
-          joined_stylesheet_path = File.join(joined_stylesheet_name[/^#{File::SEPARATOR}/] ? ASSETS_DIR : STYLESHEETS_DIR, joined_stylesheet_name)
+          joined_stylesheet_path = File.join(joined_stylesheet_name[/^#{File::SEPARATOR}/] ? config.assets_dir : config.stylesheets_dir, joined_stylesheet_name)
 
           unless ActionController::Base.perform_caching && File.exists?(joined_stylesheet_path)
             write_asset_file_contents(joined_stylesheet_path, compute_stylesheet_paths(sources, recursive))
@@ -630,11 +634,11 @@ module ActionView
         # Prefix with <tt>/dir/</tt> if lacking a leading +/+. Account for relative URL
         # roots. Rewrite the asset path for cache-busting asset ids. Include
         # asset host, if configured, with the correct request protocol.
-        def compute_public_path(source, dir, ext = nil, include_host = true)
+        def compute_public_path(source, dir, ext = nil, include_host = true)          
           has_request = @controller.respond_to?(:request)
 
           source_ext = File.extname(source)[1..-1]
-          if ext && !is_uri?(source) && (source_ext.blank? || (ext != source_ext && File.exist?(File.join(ASSETS_DIR, dir, "#{source}.#{ext}"))))
+          if ext && !is_uri?(source) && (source_ext.blank? || (ext != source_ext && File.exist?(File.join(config.assets_dir, dir, "#{source}.#{ext}"))))
             source += ".#{ext}"
           end
 
@@ -700,7 +704,7 @@ module ActionView
             if @@cache_asset_timestamps && (asset_id = @@asset_timestamps_cache[source])
               asset_id
             else
-              path = File.join(ASSETS_DIR, source)
+              path = File.join(config.assets_dir, source)
               asset_id = File.exist?(path) ? File.mtime(path).to_i.to_s : ''
 
               if @@cache_asset_timestamps
@@ -743,20 +747,20 @@ module ActionView
 
         def expand_javascript_sources(sources, recursive = false)
           if sources.include?(:all)
-            all_javascript_files = collect_asset_files(JAVASCRIPTS_DIR, ('**' if recursive), '*.js')
+            all_javascript_files = collect_asset_files(config.javascripts_dir, ('**' if recursive), '*.js')
             ((determine_source(:defaults, @@javascript_expansions).dup & all_javascript_files) + all_javascript_files).uniq
           else
             expanded_sources = sources.collect do |source|
               determine_source(source, @@javascript_expansions)
             end.flatten
-            expanded_sources << "application" if sources.include?(:defaults) && File.exist?(File.join(JAVASCRIPTS_DIR, "application.js"))
+            expanded_sources << "application" if sources.include?(:defaults) && File.exist?(File.join(config.javascripts_dir, "application.js"))
             expanded_sources
           end
         end
 
         def expand_stylesheet_sources(sources, recursive)
           if sources.first == :all
-            collect_asset_files(STYLESHEETS_DIR, ('**' if recursive), '*.css')
+            collect_asset_files(config.stylesheets_dir, ('**' if recursive), '*.css')
           else
             sources.collect do |source|
               determine_source(source, @@stylesheet_expansions)
@@ -803,7 +807,7 @@ module ActionView
         end
 
         def asset_file_path(path)
-          File.join(ASSETS_DIR, path.split('?').first)
+          File.join(config.assets_dir, path.split('?').first)
         end
 
         def asset_file_path!(path)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/benchmark_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/benchmark_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c13a069a35..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/benchmark_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/benchmark'
-
-module ActionView
-  module Helpers
-    # This helper offers a method to measure the execution time of a block 
-    # in a template.
-    module BenchmarkHelper
-      # Allows you to measure the execution time of a block 
-      # in a template and records the result to the log. Wrap this block around
-      # expensive operations or possible bottlenecks to get a time reading
-      # for the operation.  For example, let's say you thought your file 
-      # processing method was taking too long; you could wrap it in a benchmark block.
-      #
-      #  <% benchmark "Process data files" do %>
-      #    <%= expensive_files_operation %>
-      #  <% end %>
-      #
-      # That would add something like "Process data files (345.2ms)" to the log,
-      # which you can then use to compare timings when optimizing your code.
-      #
-      # You may give an optional logger level as the :level option.
-      # (:debug, :info, :warn, :error); the default value is :info.
-      #
-      #  <% benchmark "Low-level files", :level => :debug do %>
-      #    <%= lowlevel_files_operation %>
-      #  <% end %>
-      #
-      # Finally, you can pass true as the third argument to silence all log activity 
-      # inside the block. This is great for boiling down a noisy block to just a single statement:
-      #
-      #  <% benchmark "Process data files", :level => :info, :silence => true do %>
-      #    <%= expensive_and_chatty_files_operation %>
-      #  <% end %>
-      def benchmark(message = "Benchmarking", options = {})
-        if controller.logger
-          if options.is_a?(Symbol)
-            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("use benchmark('#{message}', :level => :#{options}) instead", caller)
-            options = { :level => options, :silence => false }
-          else
-            options.assert_valid_keys(:level, :silence)
-            options[:level] ||= :info
-          end
-          
-          result = nil
-          ms = Benchmark.ms { result = options[:silence] ? controller.logger.silence { yield } : yield }
-          controller.logger.send(options[:level], '%s (%.1fms)' % [ message, ms ])
-          result
-        else
-          yield
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
index c46b39fc23..d0c66eda60 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ module ActionView
         end
       end
 
-      (field_helpers - %w(label check_box radio_button fields_for)).each do |selector|
+      (field_helpers - %w(label check_box radio_button fields_for hidden_field)).each do |selector|
         src = <<-end_src
           def #{selector}(method, options = {})  # def text_field(method, options = {})
             @template.send(                      #   @template.send(
@@ -1022,6 +1022,11 @@ module ActionView
       def radio_button(method, tag_value, options = {})
         @template.radio_button(@object_name, method, tag_value, objectify_options(options))
       end
+      
+      def hidden_field(method, options = {})
+        @emitted_hidden_id = true if method == :id
+        @template.hidden_field(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options))
+      end
 
       def error_message_on(method, *args)
         @template.error_message_on(@object, method, *args)
@@ -1035,6 +1040,10 @@ module ActionView
         @template.submit_tag(value, options.reverse_merge(:id => "#{object_name}_submit"))
       end
 
+      def emitted_hidden_id?
+        @emitted_hidden_id
+      end
+
       private
         def objectify_options(options)
           @default_options.merge(options.merge(:object => @object))
@@ -1069,8 +1078,8 @@ module ActionView
             @template.fields_for(name, object, *args, &block)
           else
             @template.fields_for(name, object, *args) do |builder|
-              @template.concat builder.hidden_field(:id)
               block.call(builder)
+              @template.concat builder.hidden_field(:id) unless builder.emitted_hidden_id?
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
index 4aed10f640..564f12c955 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module ActionView
 
       # Delegates to I18n.localize with no additional functionality.
       def localize(*args)
-        I18n.localize *args
+        I18n.localize(*args)
       end
       alias :l :localize
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb
index e651bc17a9..5b136d4f54 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ module ActionView
           options
         when Hash
           options = { :only_path => options[:host].nil? }.update(options.symbolize_keys)
-          escape  = options.key?(:escape) ? options.delete(:escape) : true
+          escape  = options.key?(:escape) ? options.delete(:escape) : false
           @controller.send(:url_for, options)
         when :back
           escape = false
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ module ActionView
           polymorphic_path(options)
         end
 
-        (escape ? escape_once(url) : url).html_safe!
+        escape ? escape_once(url).html_safe! : url
       end
 
       # Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml b/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml
index 84d94fd700..5e2a92b89a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/locale/en.yml
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
       minute: "Minute"
       second: "Seconds"
 
-  activerecord:
+  activemodel:
     errors:
       template:
         header:
@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@
   support:
     select:
       # default value for :prompt => true in FormOptionsHelper
-      prompt: "Please select"
\ No newline at end of file
+      prompt: "Please select"
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
index b6f5b9b6d1..7006a5b968 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
@@ -71,12 +71,10 @@ module ActionView
     # In this case, the layout would receive the block passed into <tt>render :layout</tt>,
     # and the Struct specified in the layout would be passed into the block. The result
     # would be <html>Hello David</html>.
-    def _layout_for(name = nil)
+    def _layout_for(name = nil, &block)
       return @_content_for[name || :layout] if !block_given? || name
 
-      with_output_buffer do
-        return yield
-      end
+      capture(&block)
     end
 
     def _render_inline(inline, layout, options)
@@ -123,7 +121,6 @@ module ActionView
         template.render(self, locals)
       end
 
-      @cached_content_for_layout = content
       @_content_for[:layout] = content
 
       if layout
@@ -134,4 +131,4 @@ module ActionView
       content
     end
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/safe_buffer.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/safe_buffer.rb
index 8ba9cd80d6..09f44ab26f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/safe_buffer.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/safe_buffer.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       if value.html_safe?
         super(value)
       else
-        super(CGI.escapeHTML(value))
+        super(ERB::Util.h(value))
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb
index a780ab8d85..88aeb4b053 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers/erb.rb
@@ -37,11 +37,16 @@ module ActionView
       self.erb_trim_mode = '-'
 
       self.default_format = Mime::HTML
+      
+      cattr_accessor :erubis_implementation
+      self.erubis_implementation = Erubis
 
       def compile(template)
-        magic = $1 if template.source =~ /\A(<%#.*coding[:=]\s*(\S+)\s*-?%>)/
-        erb = "#{magic}<% __in_erb_template=true %>#{template.source}"
-        Erubis.new(erb, :trim=>(self.class.erb_trim_mode == "-")).src
+        source = template.source.gsub(/\A(<%(#.*coding[:=]\s*(\S+)\s*)-?%>)\s*\n?/, '')
+        erb = "<% __in_erb_template=true %>#{source}"
+        result = self.class.erubis_implementation.new(erb, :trim=>(self.class.erb_trim_mode == "-")).src
+        result = "#{$2}\n#{result}" if $2
+        result
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
index f5591ead09..7336114e1b 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ module ActionView
     # # :api: plugin
     def path_to_details(path)
       # [:erb, :format => :html, :locale => :en, :partial => true/false]
-      if m = path.match(%r'(?:^|/)(_)?[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*\.(\w+)$')
+      if m = path.match(%r'(?:^|/)(_)?[\w-]+((?:\.[\w-]+)*)\.(\w+)$')
         partial = m[1] == '_'
         details = (m[2]||"").split('.').reject { |e| e.empty? }
         handler = Template.handler_class_for_extension(m[3])
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
index 0f64c23649..d1970ca3c7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ module ActionView
     end
 
     def render(view, locals, &block)
-      ActiveSupport::Orchestra.instrument(:render_template, :identifier => identifier) do
+      ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument(:render_template, :identifier => identifier) do
         method_name = compile(locals, view)
         view.send(method_name, locals, &block)
-      end.result
+      end
     rescue Exception => e
       if e.is_a?(TemplateError)
         e.sub_template_of(self)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/text.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/text.rb
index f7d0df5ba0..f6e011a5ab 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/text.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/text.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 module ActionView #:nodoc:
   class TextTemplate < String #:nodoc:
-    def initialize(string, content_type = Mime[:html])
+    HTML = Mime[:html]
+
+    def initialize(string, content_type = HTML)
       super(string.to_s)
       @content_type = Mime[content_type] || content_type
     end
@@ -14,11 +16,11 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     end
 
     def inspect
-      'inline template'
+      'text template'
     end
 
     def render(*args)
-      self
+      to_s
     end
 
     def mime_type
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
index 8beda24aba..86bbad822d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/test_case.rb
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ module ActionView
       def _view
         view = ActionView::Base.new(ActionController::Base.view_paths, _assigns, @controller)
         view.class.send :include, _helpers
+        view.output_buffer = self.output_buffer
         view
       end