Merge remote branch 'mainstream/master'

25 files changed, 764 insertions, 655 deletions

diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/headers.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/headers.rb
index 2a41b4dbad..1e43104f0a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/headers.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/headers.rb
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ module ActionDispatch
       extend ActiveSupport::Memoizable
 
       def initialize(*args)
-         if args.size == 1 && args[0].is_a?(Hash)
-           super()
-           update(args[0])
-         else
-           super
-         end
-       end
+        if args.size == 1 && args[0].is_a?(Hash)
+          super()
+          update(args[0])
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
 
       def [](header_name)
         if include?(header_name)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
index c30897b32a..13c0f2bad0 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/mime_type.rb
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ module Mime
     %w(<< concat shift unshift push pop []= clear compact! collect!
     delete delete_at delete_if flatten! map! insert reject! reverse!
     replace slice! sort! uniq!).each do |method|
-      module_eval <<-CODE
-        def #{method}(*args)
+      module_eval <<-CODE, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+        def #{method}(*)
           @symbols = nil
           super
         end
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ module Mime
 
         SET << Mime.const_get(symbol.to_s.upcase)
 
-        ([string] + mime_type_synonyms).each { |string| LOOKUP[string] = SET.last } unless skip_lookup
+        ([string] + mime_type_synonyms).each { |str| LOOKUP[str] = SET.last } unless skip_lookup
         ([symbol.to_s] + extension_synonyms).each { |ext| EXTENSION_LOOKUP[ext] = SET.last }
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
index 6a52854961..6e8a5dcb8a 100755
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/request.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ require 'active_support/memoizable'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
+require 'action_dispatch/http/headers'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   class Request < Rack::Request
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
         HTTP_ACCEPT HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING
         HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL HTTP_FROM
-        HTTP_NEGOTIATE HTTP_PRAGMA HTTP_REFERER HTTP_USER_AGENT ].each do |env|
+        HTTP_NEGOTIATE HTTP_PRAGMA ].each do |env|
       define_method(env.sub(/^HTTP_/n, '').downcase) do
         @env[env]
       end
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         end
       end
     end
-    
+
     def if_modified_since
       if since = env['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
         Time.rfc2822(since) rescue nil
@@ -464,6 +465,15 @@ EOM
       session['flash'] || {}
     end
 
+    # Returns the authorization header regardless of whether it was specified directly or through one of the
+    # proxy alternatives.
+    def authorization
+      @env['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']   ||
+      @env['X-HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] ||
+      @env['X_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] ||
+      @env['REDIRECT_X_HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']
+    end
+
     # Receives an array of mimes and return the first user sent mime that
     # matches the order array.
     #
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
index b3ed7c9d1a..8524bbd993 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/response.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
   #  end
   class Response < Rack::Response
     attr_accessor :request, :blank
-    attr_reader :cache_control
 
     attr_writer :header, :sending_file
     alias_method :headers=, :header=
@@ -50,6 +49,9 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       @body, @cookie = [], []
       @sending_file = false
 
+      @blank = false
+      @etag = nil
+
       yield self if block_given?
     end
 
@@ -57,14 +59,8 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
       @cache_control ||= {}
     end
 
-    def write(str)
-      s = str.to_s
-      @writer.call s
-      str
-    end
-
     def status=(status)
-      @status = status.to_i
+      @status = Rack::Utils.status_code(status)
     end
 
     # The response code of the request
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
     end
 
     def message
-      StatusCodes::STATUS_CODES[@status]
+      Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES[@status]
     end
     alias_method :status_message, :message
 
@@ -149,18 +145,6 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
 
     cattr_accessor(:default_charset) { "utf-8" }
 
-    def assign_default_content_type_and_charset!
-      return if headers[CONTENT_TYPE].present?
-
-      @content_type ||= Mime::HTML
-      @charset      ||= self.class.default_charset
-
-      type = @content_type.to_s.dup
-      type << "; charset=#{@charset}" unless @sending_file
-
-      headers[CONTENT_TYPE] = type
-    end
-
     def to_a
       assign_default_content_type_and_charset!
       handle_conditional_get!
@@ -263,6 +247,18 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
         !@blank && @body.respond_to?(:all?) && @body.all? { |part| part.is_a?(String) }
       end
 
+      def assign_default_content_type_and_charset!
+        return if headers[CONTENT_TYPE].present?
+
+        @content_type ||= Mime::HTML
+        @charset      ||= self.class.default_charset
+
+        type = @content_type.to_s.dup
+        type << "; charset=#{@charset}" unless @sending_file
+
+        headers[CONTENT_TYPE] = type
+      end
+
       DEFAULT_CACHE_CONTROL = "max-age=0, private, must-revalidate"
 
       def set_conditional_cache_control!
@@ -277,14 +273,13 @@ module ActionDispatch # :nodoc:
           max_age = control[:max_age]
 
           options = []
-          options << "max-age=#{max_age}" if max_age
+          options << "max-age=#{max_age.to_i}" if max_age
           options << (control[:public] ? "public" : "private")
           options << "must-revalidate" if control[:must_revalidate]
           options.concat(extras) if extras
 
           headers["Cache-Control"] = options.join(", ")
         end
-
       end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/status_codes.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/status_codes.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bac842ec1..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/status_codes.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/inflector'
-
-module ActionDispatch
-  module StatusCodes #:nodoc:
-    STATUS_CODES = Rack::Utils::HTTP_STATUS_CODES.merge({
-      102 => "Processing",
-      207 => "Multi-Status",
-      226 => "IM Used",
-      422 => "Unprocessable Entity",
-      423 => "Locked",
-      424 => "Failed Dependency",
-      426 => "Upgrade Required",
-      507 => "Insufficient Storage",
-      510 => "Not Extended"
-    }).freeze
-
-    # Provides a symbol-to-fixnum lookup for converting a symbol (like
-    # :created or :not_implemented) into its corresponding HTTP status
-    # code (like 200 or 501).
-    SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE = STATUS_CODES.inject({}) { |hash, (code, message)|
-      hash[ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(message.gsub(/ /, "")).to_sym] = code
-      hash
-    }.freeze
-
-    private
-      # Given a status parameter, determine whether it needs to be converted
-      # to a string. If it is a fixnum, use the STATUS_CODES hash to lookup
-      # the default message. If it is a symbol, use the SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE
-      # hash to convert it.
-      def interpret_status(status)
-        case status
-        when Fixnum then
-          "#{status} #{STATUS_CODES[status]}".strip
-        when Symbol then
-          interpret_status(SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE[status] ||
-            "500 Unknown Status #{status.inspect}")
-        else
-          status.to_s
-        end
-      end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/utils.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/utils.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index e04a39935e..0000000000
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/utils.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-module ActionDispatch
-  module Utils
-    # TODO: Pull this into rack core
-    # http://github.com/halorgium/rack/commit/feaf071c1de743fbd10bc316830180a9af607278
-    def parse_config(config)
-      if config =~ /\.ru$/
-        cfgfile = ::File.read(config)
-        if cfgfile[/^#\\(.*)/]
-          opts.parse! $1.split(/\s+/)
-        end
-        inner_app = eval "Rack::Builder.new {( " + cfgfile + "\n )}.to_app",
-                         nil, config
-      else
-        require config
-        inner_app = Object.const_get(::File.basename(config, '.rb').capitalize)
-      end
-    end
-    module_function :parse_config
-  end
-end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cascade.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cascade.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f5c9891f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cascade.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+module ActionDispatch
+  class Cascade
+    def self.new(*apps)
+      apps = apps.flatten
+
+      case apps.length
+      when 0
+        raise ArgumentError, "app is required"
+      when 1
+        apps.first
+      else
+        super(apps)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(apps)
+      @apps = apps
+    end
+
+    def call(env)
+      result = nil
+      @apps.each do |app|
+        result = app.call(env)
+        break unless result[1]["X-Cascade"] == "pass"
+      end
+      result
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb
index 32ccb5c931..534390d4aa 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'active_support/json'
+require 'action_dispatch/http/request'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   class ParamsParser
@@ -31,41 +32,39 @@ module ActionDispatch
         return false unless strategy
 
         case strategy
-          when Proc
-            strategy.call(request.raw_post)
-          when :xml_simple, :xml_node
-            request.body.size == 0 ? {} : Hash.from_xml(request.body).with_indifferent_access
-          when :yaml
-            YAML.load(request.body)
-          when :json
-            if request.body.size == 0
-              {}
-            else
-              data = ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(request.body)
-              data = {:_json => data} unless data.is_a?(Hash)
-              data.with_indifferent_access
-            end
+        when Proc
+          strategy.call(request.raw_post)
+        when :xml_simple, :xml_node
+          request.body.size == 0 ? {} : Hash.from_xml(request.body).with_indifferent_access
+        when :yaml
+          YAML.load(request.body)
+        when :json
+          if request.body.size == 0
+            {}
           else
-            false
+            data = ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(request.body)
+            data = {:_json => data} unless data.is_a?(Hash)
+            data.with_indifferent_access
+          end
+        else
+          false
         end
       rescue Exception => e # YAML, XML or Ruby code block errors
         logger.debug "Error occurred while parsing request parameters.\nContents:\n\n#{request.raw_post}"
 
         raise
-          { "body" => request.raw_post,
-            "content_type" => request.content_type,
+          { "body"           => request.raw_post,
+            "content_type"   => request.content_type,
             "content_length" => request.content_length,
-            "exception" => "#{e.message} (#{e.class})",
-            "backtrace" => e.backtrace }
+            "exception"      => "#{e.message} (#{e.class})",
+            "backtrace"      => e.backtrace }
       end
 
       def content_type_from_legacy_post_data_format_header(env)
         if x_post_format = env['HTTP_X_POST_DATA_FORMAT']
           case x_post_format.to_s.downcase
-            when 'yaml'
-              return Mime::YAML
-            when 'xml'
-              return Mime::XML
+          when 'yaml' then return Mime::YAML
+          when 'xml'  then return Mime::XML
           end
         end
 
@@ -76,4 +75,4 @@ module ActionDispatch
         defined?(Rails.logger) ? Rails.logger : Logger.new($stderr)
       end
   end
-end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb
index c5c06f74a2..7d4f0998ce 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'rack/utils'
+require 'rack/request'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   module Session
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb
index bd552b458a..04a101dbb2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/cookie_store.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
+require 'rack/request'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   module Session
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         :expire_after => nil,
         :httponly     => true
       }.freeze
-      
+
       class OptionsHash < Hash
         def initialize(by, env, default_options)
           @session_data = env[CookieStore::ENV_SESSION_KEY]
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
           key == :id ? @session_data[:session_id] : super(key)
         end
       end
-      
+
       ENV_SESSION_KEY = "rack.session".freeze
       ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY = "rack.session.options".freeze
       HTTP_SET_COOKIE = "Set-Cookie".freeze
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
       def call(env)
         env[ENV_SESSION_KEY] = AbstractStore::SessionHash.new(self, env)
         env[ENV_SESSION_OPTIONS_KEY] = OptionsHash.new(self, env, @default_options)
-        
+
         status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
 
         session_data = env[ENV_SESSION_KEY]
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
               'cookie containing the session data. Use ' +
               'config.action_controller.session = { :key => ' +
               '"_myapp_session", :secret => "some secret phrase" } in ' +
-              'config/environment.rb'
+              'config/application.rb'
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb
index 036deec6d2..4ebc8a2ab9 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-require "active_support/core_ext/exception"
+require 'active_support/core_ext/exception'
+require 'action_dispatch/http/request'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   class ShowExceptions
-    include StatusCodes
-
     LOCALHOST = '127.0.0.1'.freeze
 
     RESCUES_TEMPLATE_PATH = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'templates')
@@ -12,8 +11,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
     @@rescue_responses = Hash.new(:internal_server_error)
     @@rescue_responses.update({
       'ActionController::RoutingError'             => :not_found,
-      # TODO: Clean this up after the switch
-      ActionController::UnknownAction.name         => :not_found,
+      'AbstractController::ActionNotFound'         => :not_found,
       'ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound'               => :not_found,
       'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError'             => :conflict,
       'ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid'                => :unprocessable_entity,
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ module ActionDispatch
     @@rescue_templates.update({
       'ActionView::MissingTemplate'         => 'missing_template',
       'ActionController::RoutingError'      => 'routing_error',
-      ActionController::UnknownAction.name  => 'unknown_action',
-      'ActionView::TemplateError'           => 'template_error'
+      'AbstractController::ActionNotFound'  => 'unknown_action',
+      'ActionView::Template::Error'         => 'template_error'
     })
 
     FAILSAFE_RESPONSE = [500, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
       end
 
       def status_code(exception)
-        interpret_status(@@rescue_responses[exception.class.name]).to_i
+        Rack::Utils.status_code(@@rescue_responses[exception.class.name])
       end
 
       def render(status, body)
@@ -119,7 +117,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         return unless logger
 
         ActiveSupport::Deprecation.silence do
-          if ActionView::TemplateError === exception
+          if ActionView::Template::Error === exception
             logger.fatal(exception.to_s)
           else
             logger.fatal(
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
index 3b27309f58..24be4fee55 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb
@@ -93,8 +93,9 @@ module ActionDispatch
     alias_method :insert_before, :insert
 
     def insert_after(index, *args, &block)
-      index = self.index(index) unless index.is_a?(Integer)
-      insert(index + 1, *args, &block)
+      i = index.is_a?(Integer) ? index : self.index(index)
+      raise "No such middleware to insert after: #{index.inspect}" unless i
+      insert(i + 1, *args, &block)
     end
 
     def swap(target, *args, &block)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb
index f8f6b424ca..07b4919934 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.erb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   names = traces.collect {|name, trace| name}
 %>
 
-<p><code>RAILS_ROOT: <%= defined?(RAILS_ROOT) ? RAILS_ROOT : "unset" %></code></p>
+<p><code>Rails.root: <%= defined?(Rails) && Rails.respond_to?(:root) ? Rails.root : "unset" %></code></p>
 
 <div id="traces">
   <% names.each do |name| %>
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb
index 5063ab8072..b598d6f7e2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing.rb
@@ -265,118 +265,11 @@ module ActionDispatch
     autoload :RouteSet, 'action_dispatch/routing/route_set'
 
     SEPARATORS = %w( / . ? )
-
     HTTP_METHODS = [:get, :head, :post, :put, :delete, :options]
 
-    ALLOWED_REQUIREMENTS_FOR_OPTIMISATION = [:controller, :action].to_set
-
-    # The root paths which may contain controller files
-    mattr_accessor :controller_paths
-    self.controller_paths = []
-
     # A helper module to hold URL related helpers.
     module Helpers
       include ActionController::PolymorphicRoutes
     end
-
-    class << self
-      # Expects an array of controller names as the first argument.
-      # Executes the passed block with only the named controllers named available.
-      # This method is used in internal Rails testing.
-      def with_controllers(names)
-        prior_controllers = @possible_controllers
-        use_controllers! names
-        yield
-      ensure
-        use_controllers! prior_controllers
-      end
-
-      # Returns an array of paths, cleaned of double-slashes and relative path references.
-      # * "\\\" and "//"  become "\\" or "/".
-      # * "/foo/bar/../config" becomes "/foo/config".
-      # The returned array is sorted by length, descending.
-      def normalize_paths(paths)
-        # do the hokey-pokey of path normalization...
-        paths = paths.collect do |path|
-          path = path.
-            gsub("//", "/").           # replace double / chars with a single
-            gsub("\\\\", "\\").        # replace double \ chars with a single
-            gsub(%r{(.)[\\/]$}, '\1')  # drop final / or \ if path ends with it
-
-          # eliminate .. paths where possible
-          re = %r{[^/\\]+[/\\]\.\.[/\\]}
-          path.gsub!(re, "") while path.match(re)
-          path
-        end
-
-        # start with longest path, first
-        paths = paths.uniq.sort_by { |path| - path.length }
-      end
-
-      # Returns the array of controller names currently available to ActionController::Routing.
-      def possible_controllers
-        unless @possible_controllers
-          @possible_controllers = []
-
-          paths = controller_paths.select { |path| File.directory?(path) && path != "." }
-
-          seen_paths = Hash.new {|h, k| h[k] = true; false}
-          normalize_paths(paths).each do |load_path|
-            Dir["#{load_path}/**/*_controller.rb"].collect do |path|
-              next if seen_paths[path.gsub(%r{^\.[/\\]}, "")]
-
-              controller_name = path[(load_path.length + 1)..-1]
-
-              controller_name.gsub!(/_controller\.rb\Z/, '')
-              @possible_controllers << controller_name
-            end
-          end
-
-          # remove duplicates
-          @possible_controllers.uniq!
-        end
-        @possible_controllers
-      end
-
-      # Replaces the internal list of controllers available to ActionController::Routing with the passed argument.
-      #   ActionController::Routing.use_controllers!([ "posts", "comments", "admin/comments" ])
-      def use_controllers!(controller_names)
-        @possible_controllers = controller_names
-      end
-
-      # Returns a controller path for a new +controller+ based on a +previous+ controller path.
-      # Handles 4 scenarios:
-      #
-      # * stay in the previous controller:
-      #     controller_relative_to( nil, "groups/discussion" ) # => "groups/discussion"
-      #
-      # * stay in the previous namespace:
-      #     controller_relative_to( "posts", "groups/discussion" ) # => "groups/posts"
-      #
-      # * forced move to the root namespace:
-      #     controller_relative_to( "/posts", "groups/discussion" ) # => "posts"
-      #
-      # * previous namespace is root:
-      #     controller_relative_to( "posts", "anything_with_no_slashes" ) # =>"posts"
-      #
-      def controller_relative_to(controller, previous)
-        if controller.nil?           then previous
-        elsif controller[0] == ?/    then controller[1..-1]
-        elsif %r{^(.*)/} =~ previous then "#{$1}/#{controller}"
-        else controller
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    ActiveSupport::Inflector.module_eval do
-      # Ensures that routes are reloaded when Rails inflections are updated.
-      def inflections_with_route_reloading(&block)
-        returning(inflections_without_route_reloading(&block)) {
-          ActionDispatch::Routing::Routes.reload! if block_given?
-        }
-      end
-
-      alias_method_chain :inflections, :route_reloading
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb
index 0564ba9797..8ce6b2f6d5 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/deprecated_mapper.rb
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
           end
         end
 
-        possible_names = Routing.possible_controllers.collect { |n| Regexp.escape(n) }
-        requirements[:controller] ||= Regexp.union(*possible_names)
+        requirements[:controller] ||= @set.controller_constraints
 
         if defaults[:controller]
           defaults[:action] ||= 'index'
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
               optional = false
             elsif segment =~ /^:(\w+)$/
               if defaults.has_key?($1.to_sym)
-                defaults.delete($1.to_sym)
+                defaults.delete($1.to_sym) if defaults[$1.to_sym].nil?
               else
                 optional = false
               end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
index 7d770dedd0..8f33346a4f 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
@@ -1,143 +1,261 @@
 module ActionDispatch
   module Routing
     class Mapper
-      module Resources
-        def resource(*resources, &block)
-          options = resources.last.is_a?(Hash) ? resources.pop : {}
-
-          if resources.length > 1
-            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
-            resources.each { |r| resource(r, options) }
-            return self
+      class Constraints
+        def self.new(app, constraints = [])
+          if constraints.any?
+            super(app, constraints)
+          else
+            app
           end
+        end
 
-          resource = resources.pop
+        def initialize(app, constraints = [])
+          @app, @constraints = app, constraints
+        end
 
-          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
-            member do
-              resource(resource, options, &block)
+        def call(env)
+          req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+
+          @constraints.each { |constraint|
+            if constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)
+              return [ 404, {'X-Cascade' => 'pass'}, [] ]
+            elsif constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(req)
+              return [ 404, {'X-Cascade' => 'pass'}, [] ]
             end
-            return self
-          end
+          }
 
-          singular = resource.to_s
-          plural   = singular.pluralize
+          @app.call(env)
+        end
+      end
 
-          controller(plural) do
-            namespace(resource) do
-              with_scope_level(:resource) do
-                yield if block_given?
+      class Mapping
+        def initialize(set, scope, args)
+          @set, @scope    = set, scope
+          @path, @options = extract_path_and_options(args)
+        end
 
-                get "", :to => :show, :as => "#{singular}"
-                post "", :to => :create
-                put "", :to => :update
-                delete "", :to => :destroy
-                get "new", :to => :new, :as => "new_#{singular}"
-                get "edit", :to => :edit, :as => "edit_#{singular}"
-              end
+        def to_route
+          [ app, conditions, requirements, defaults, @options[:as] ]
+        end
+
+        private
+          def extract_path_and_options(args)
+            options = args.extract_options!
+
+            case
+            when using_to_shorthand?(args, options)
+              path, to = options.find { |name, value| name.is_a?(String) }
+              options.merge!(:to => to).delete(path) if path
+            when using_match_shorthand?(args, options)
+              path = args.first
+              options = { :to => path.gsub("/", "#"), :as => path.gsub("/", "_") }
+            else
+              path = args.first
             end
+
+            [ normalize_path(path), options ]
           end
 
-          self
-        end
+          # match "account" => "account#index"
+          def using_to_shorthand?(args, options)
+            args.empty? && options.present?
+          end
 
-        def resources(*resources, &block)
-          options = resources.last.is_a?(Hash) ? resources.pop : {}
+          # match "account/overview"
+          def using_match_shorthand?(args, options)
+            args.present? && options.except(:via).empty? && !args.first.include?(':')
+          end
 
-          if resources.length > 1
-            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
-            resources.each { |r| resources(r, options) }
-            return self
+          def normalize_path(path)
+            path = nil if path == ""
+            path = "#{@scope[:path]}#{path}" if @scope[:path]
+            path = Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path) if path
+
+            raise ArgumentError, "path is required" unless path
+
+            path
           end
 
-          resource = resources.pop
 
-          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
-            member do
-              resources(resource, options, &block)
-            end
-            return self
+          def app
+            Constraints.new(
+              to.respond_to?(:call) ? to : Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher.new(:defaults => defaults),
+              blocks
+            )
           end
 
-          plural   = resource.to_s
-          singular = plural.singularize
+          def conditions
+            { :path_info => @path }.merge(constraints).merge(request_method_condition)
+          end
 
-          controller(resource) do
-            namespace(resource) do
-              with_scope_level(:resources) do
-                yield if block_given?
+          def requirements
+            @requirements ||= returning(@options[:constraints] || {}) do |requirements|
+              requirements.reverse_merge!(@scope[:constraints]) if @scope[:constraints]
+              @options.each { |k, v| requirements[k] = v if v.is_a?(Regexp) }
+              requirements[:controller] ||= @set.controller_constraints
+            end
+          end
 
-                member do
-                  get "", :to => :show, :as => "#{singular}"
-                  put "", :to => :update
-                  delete "", :to => :destroy
-                  get "edit", :to => :edit, :as => "edit_#{singular}"
-                end
+          def defaults
+            @defaults ||= if to.respond_to?(:call)
+              { }
+            else
+              defaults = case to
+              when String
+                controller, action = to.split('#')
+                { :controller => controller, :action => action }
+              when Symbol
+                { :action => to.to_s }.merge(default_controller ? { :controller => default_controller } : {})
+              else
+                default_controller ? { :controller => default_controller } : {}
+              end
 
-                collection do
-                  get "", :to => :index, :as => "#{plural}"
-                  post "", :to => :create
-                  get "new", :to => :new, :as => "new_#{singular}"
-                end
+              if defaults[:controller].blank? && segment_keys.exclude?("controller")
+                raise ArgumentError, "missing :controller"
               end
+
+              if defaults[:action].blank? && segment_keys.exclude?("action")
+                raise ArgumentError, "missing :action"
+              end
+
+              defaults
             end
           end
 
-          self
-        end
 
-        def collection
-          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
-            raise ArgumentError, "can't use collection outside resources scope"
-          end
+          def blocks
+            if @options[:constraints].present? && !@options[:constraints].is_a?(Hash)
+              block = @options[:constraints]
+            else
+              block = nil
+            end
 
-          with_scope_level(:collection) do
-            yield
+            ((@scope[:blocks] || []) + [ block ]).compact
           end
-        end
 
-        def member
-          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
-            raise ArgumentError, "can't use member outside resources scope"
+          def constraints
+            @constraints ||= requirements.reject { |k, v| segment_keys.include?(k.to_s) || k == :controller }
           end
 
-          with_scope_level(:member) do
-            scope(":id") do
-              yield
+          def request_method_condition
+            if via = @options[:via]
+              via = Array(via).map { |m| m.to_s.upcase }
+              { :request_method => Regexp.union(*via) }
+            else
+              { }
             end
           end
+
+          def segment_keys
+            @segment_keys ||= Rack::Mount::RegexpWithNamedGroups.new(
+                Rack::Mount::Strexp.compile(@path, requirements, SEPARATORS)
+              ).names
+          end
+
+          def to
+            @options[:to]
+          end
+
+          def default_controller
+            @scope[:controller].to_s if @scope[:controller]
+          end
+      end
+
+      module Base
+        def initialize(set)
+          @set = set
+        end
+
+        def root(options = {})
+          match '/', options.reverse_merge(:as => :root)
         end
 
         def match(*args)
+          @set.add_route(*Mapping.new(@set, @scope, args).to_route)
+          self
+        end
+      end
+
+      module HttpHelpers
+        def get(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:get, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        def post(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:post, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        def put(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:put, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        def delete(*args, &block)
+          map_method(:delete, *args, &block)
+        end
+
+        def redirect(*args, &block)
           options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-          args.push(options)
 
-          case options.delete(:on)
-          when :collection
-            return collection { match(*args) }
-          when :member
-            return member { match(*args) }
-          end
+          path      = args.shift || block
+          path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc { |params| path % params }
+          status    = options[:status] || 301
 
-          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
-            raise ArgumentError, "can't define route directly in resources scope"
-          end
+          lambda do |env|
+            req    = Rack::Request.new(env)
+            params = path_proc.call(env["action_dispatch.request.path_parameters"])
+            url    = req.scheme + '://' + req.host + params
 
-          super
+            [ status, {'Location' => url, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Moved Permanently'] ]
+          end
         end
 
         private
-          def with_scope_level(kind)
-            old, @scope[:scope_level] = @scope[:scope_level], kind
-            yield
-          ensure
-            @scope[:scope_level] = old
+          def map_method(method, *args, &block)
+            options = args.extract_options!
+            options[:via] = method
+            args.push(options)
+            match(*args, &block)
+            self
           end
       end
 
       module Scoping
+        def initialize(*args)
+          @scope = {}
+          super
+        end
+
         def scope(*args)
-          options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+          options = args.extract_options!
+
+          case args.first
+          when String
+            options[:path] = args.first
+          when Symbol
+            options[:controller] = args.first
+          end
+
+          if path = options.delete(:path)
+            path_set = true
+            path, @scope[:path] = @scope[:path], Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(@scope[:path].to_s + path.to_s)
+          else
+            path_set = false
+          end
+
+          if name_prefix = options.delete(:name_prefix)
+            name_prefix_set = true
+            name_prefix, @scope[:name_prefix] = @scope[:name_prefix], (@scope[:name_prefix] ? "#{@scope[:name_prefix]}_#{name_prefix}" : name_prefix)
+          else
+            name_prefix_set = false
+          end
+
+          if controller = options.delete(:controller)
+            controller_set = true
+            controller, @scope[:controller] = @scope[:controller], controller
+          else
+            controller_set = false
+          end
 
           constraints = options.delete(:constraints) || {}
           unless constraints.is_a?(Hash)
@@ -148,27 +266,15 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
           options, @scope[:options] = @scope[:options], (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
 
-          path_set = controller_set = false
-
-          case args.first
-          when String
-            path_set = true
-            path = args.first
-            path, @scope[:path] = @scope[:path], "#{@scope[:path]}#{Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path)}"
-          when Symbol
-            controller_set = true
-            controller = args.first
-            controller, @scope[:controller] = @scope[:controller], controller
-          end
-
           yield
 
           self
         ensure
-          @scope[:path] = path if path_set
-          @scope[:controller] = controller if controller_set
-          @scope[:options] = options
-          @scope[:blocks] = blocks
+          @scope[:path]        = path        if path_set
+          @scope[:name_prefix] = name_prefix if name_prefix_set
+          @scope[:controller]  = controller  if controller_set
+          @scope[:options]     = options
+          @scope[:blocks]      = blocks
           @scope[:constraints] = constraints
         end
 
@@ -177,151 +283,255 @@ module ActionDispatch
         end
 
         def namespace(path)
-          scope(path.to_s) { yield }
+          scope("/#{path}") { yield }
         end
 
         def constraints(constraints = {})
           scope(:constraints => constraints) { yield }
         end
-      end
 
-      class Constraints
-        def initialize(app, constraints = [])
-          @app, @constraints = app, constraints
-        end
+        def match(*args)
+          options = args.extract_options!
 
-        def call(env)
-          req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+          options = (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
 
-          @constraints.each { |constraint|
-            if constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)
-              return [417, {}, []]
-            elsif constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(req)
-              return [417, {}, []]
-            end
-          }
+          if @scope[:name_prefix] && !options[:as].blank?
+            options[:as] = "#{@scope[:name_prefix]}_#{options[:as]}"
+          elsif @scope[:name_prefix] && options[:as] == ""
+            options[:as] = @scope[:name_prefix].to_s
+          end
 
-          @app.call(env)
+          args.push(options)
+          super(*args)
         end
       end
 
-      def initialize(set)
-        @set = set
-        @scope = {}
-
-        extend Scoping
-        extend Resources
-      end
+      module Resources
+        class Resource #:nodoc:
+          attr_reader :plural, :singular
 
-      def get(*args, &block)
-        map_method(:get, *args, &block)
-      end
+          def initialize(entities, options = {})
+            entities = entities.to_s
 
-      def post(*args, &block)
-        map_method(:post, *args, &block)
-      end
+            @plural   = entities.pluralize
+            @singular = entities.singularize
+          end
 
-      def put(*args, &block)
-        map_method(:put, *args, &block)
-      end
+          def name
+            plural
+          end
 
-      def delete(*args, &block)
-        map_method(:delete, *args, &block)
-      end
+          def controller
+            plural
+          end
 
-      def root(options = {})
-        match '/', options.merge(:as => :root)
-      end
+          def member_name
+            singular
+          end
 
-      def match(*args)
-        options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+          def collection_name
+            plural
+          end
 
-        if args.length > 1
-          args.each { |path| match(path, options) }
-          return self
+          def id_segment
+            ":#{singular}_id"
+          end
         end
 
-        if args.first.is_a?(Symbol)
-          return match(args.first.to_s, options.merge(:to => args.first.to_sym))
+        class SingletonResource < Resource #:nodoc:
+          def initialize(entity, options = {})
+            super
+          end
+
+          def name
+            singular
+          end
         end
 
-        path = args.first
+        def resource(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.extract_options!
 
-        options = (@scope[:options] || {}).merge(options)
-        conditions, defaults = {}, {}
+          if resources.length > 1
+            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
+            resources.each { |r| resource(r, options) }
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource = SingletonResource.new(resources.pop)
 
-        path = nil if path == ""
-        path = Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path) if path
-        path = "#{@scope[:path]}#{path}" if @scope[:path]
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            nested do
+              resource(resource.name, options, &block)
+            end
+            return self
+          end
 
-        raise ArgumentError, "path is required" unless path
+          scope(:path => "/#{resource.name}", :controller => resource.controller) do
+            with_scope_level(:resource, resource) do
+              yield if block_given?
 
-        constraints = options[:constraints] || {}
-        unless constraints.is_a?(Hash)
-          block, constraints = constraints, {}
+              get    "(.:format)",      :to => :show, :as => resource.member_name
+              post   "(.:format)",      :to => :create
+              put    "(.:format)",      :to => :update
+              delete "(.:format)",      :to => :destroy
+              get    "/new(.:format)",  :to => :new,  :as => "new_#{resource.singular}"
+              get    "/edit(.:format)", :to => :edit, :as => "edit_#{resource.singular}"
+            end
+          end
+
+          self
         end
-        blocks = ((@scope[:blocks] || []) + [block]).compact
-        constraints = (@scope[:constraints] || {}).merge(constraints)
-        options.each { |k, v| constraints[k] = v if v.is_a?(Regexp) }
 
-        conditions[:path_info] = path
-        requirements = constraints.dup
+        def resources(*resources, &block)
+          options = resources.extract_options!
+
+          if resources.length > 1
+            raise ArgumentError if block_given?
+            resources.each { |r| resources(r, options) }
+            return self
+          end
+
+          resource = Resource.new(resources.pop)
+
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            nested do
+              resources(resource.name, options, &block)
+            end
+            return self
+          end
+
+          scope(:path => "/#{resource.name}", :controller => resource.controller) do
+            with_scope_level(:resources, resource) do
+              yield if block_given?
+
+              with_scope_level(:collection) do
+                get  "(.:format)", :to => :index, :as => resource.collection_name
+                post "(.:format)", :to => :create
+
+                with_exclusive_name_prefix :new do
+                  get "/new(.:format)", :to => :new, :as => resource.singular
+                end
+              end
+
+              with_scope_level(:member) do
+                scope("/:id") do
+                  get    "(.:format)", :to => :show, :as => resource.member_name
+                  put    "(.:format)", :to => :update
+                  delete "(.:format)", :to => :destroy
+
+                  with_exclusive_name_prefix :edit do
+                    get "/edit(.:format)", :to => :edit, :as => resource.singular
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
 
-        path_regexp = Rack::Mount::Strexp.compile(path, constraints, SEPARATORS)
-        segment_keys = Rack::Mount::RegexpWithNamedGroups.new(path_regexp).names
-        constraints.reject! { |k, v| segment_keys.include?(k.to_s) }
-        conditions.merge!(constraints)
+          self
+        end
 
-        if via = options[:via]
-          via = Array(via).map { |m| m.to_s.upcase }
-          conditions[:request_method] = Regexp.union(*via)
+        def collection
+          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use collection outside resources scope"
+          end
+
+          with_scope_level(:collection) do
+            scope(:name_prefix => parent_resource.collection_name, :as => "") do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
         end
 
-        defaults[:controller] = @scope[:controller].to_s if @scope[:controller]
+        def member
+          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use member outside resources scope"
+          end
 
-        if options[:to].respond_to?(:call)
-          app = options[:to]
-          defaults.delete(:controller)
-          defaults.delete(:action)
-        elsif options[:to].is_a?(String)
-          defaults[:controller], defaults[:action] = options[:to].split('#')
-        elsif options[:to].is_a?(Symbol)
-          defaults[:action] = options[:to].to_s
+          with_scope_level(:member) do
+            scope("/:id", :name_prefix => parent_resource.member_name, :as => "") do
+              yield
+            end
+          end
         end
-        app ||= Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher.new(:defaults => defaults)
 
-        if app.is_a?(Routing::RouteSet::Dispatcher)
-          unless defaults.include?(:controller) || segment_keys.include?("controller")
-            raise ArgumentError, "missing :controller"
+        def nested
+          unless @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't use nested outside resources scope"
           end
-          unless defaults.include?(:action) || segment_keys.include?("action")
-            raise ArgumentError, "missing :action"
+
+          with_scope_level(:nested) do
+            scope("/#{parent_resource.id_segment}", :name_prefix => parent_resource.member_name) do
+              yield
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        app = Constraints.new(app, blocks) if blocks.any?
-        @set.add_route(app, conditions, requirements, defaults, options[:as])
+        def match(*args)
+          options = args.extract_options!
 
-        self
-      end
+          if args.length > 1
+            args.each { |path| match(path, options) }
+            return self
+          end
 
-      def redirect(path, options = {})
-        status = options[:status] || 301
-        lambda { |env|
-          req = Rack::Request.new(env)
-          url = req.scheme + '://' + req.host + path
-          [status, {'Location' => url, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Moved Permanently']]
-        }
-      end
+          if args.first.is_a?(Symbol)
+            with_exclusive_name_prefix(args.first) do
+              return match("/#{args.first}(.:format)", options.merge(:to => args.first.to_sym))
+            end
+          end
 
-      private
-        def map_method(method, *args, &block)
-          options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
-          options[:via] = method
           args.push(options)
-          match(*args, &block)
-          self
+
+          case options.delete(:on)
+          when :collection
+            return collection { match(*args) }
+          when :member
+            return member { match(*args) }
+          end
+
+          if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources
+            raise ArgumentError, "can't define route directly in resources scope"
+          end
+
+          super
         end
+
+        protected
+          def parent_resource
+            @scope[:scope_level_resource]
+          end
+
+        private
+          def with_exclusive_name_prefix(prefix)
+            begin
+              old_name_prefix = @scope[:name_prefix]
+
+              if !old_name_prefix.blank?
+                @scope[:name_prefix] = "#{prefix}_#{@scope[:name_prefix]}"
+              else
+                @scope[:name_prefix] = prefix.to_s
+              end
+
+              yield
+            ensure
+              @scope[:name_prefix] = old_name_prefix
+            end
+          end
+
+          def with_scope_level(kind, resource = parent_resource)
+            old, @scope[:scope_level] = @scope[:scope_level], kind
+            old_resource, @scope[:scope_level_resource] = @scope[:scope_level_resource], resource
+            yield
+          ensure
+            @scope[:scope_level] = old
+            @scope[:scope_level_resource] = old_resource
+          end
+      end
+
+      include Base
+      include HttpHelpers
+      include Scoping
+      include Resources
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
index c28df76f3f..bd397432ce 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
   module Routing
     class RouteSet #:nodoc:
       NotFound = lambda { |env|
-        raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{env['PATH_INFO'].inspect} with #{env.inspect}"
+        raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{env['PATH_INFO'].inspect}"
       }
 
       PARAMETERS_KEY = 'action_dispatch.request.path_parameters'
@@ -18,31 +18,37 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
         def call(env)
           params = env[PARAMETERS_KEY]
+          prepare_params!(params)
+
+          unless controller = controller(params)
+            return [404, {'X-Cascade' => 'pass'}, []]
+          end
+
+          controller.action(params[:action]).call(env)
+        end
+
+        def prepare_params!(params)
           merge_default_action!(params)
           split_glob_param!(params) if @glob_param
+
           params.each do |key, value|
             if value.is_a?(String)
               value = value.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY) if value.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
               params[key] = URI.unescape(value)
             end
           end
+        end
 
-          if env['action_controller.recognize']
-            [200, {}, params]
-          else
-            controller = controller(params)
-            controller.action(params[:action]).call(env)
+        def controller(params)
+          if params && params.has_key?(:controller)
+            controller = "#{params[:controller].camelize}Controller"
+            ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(controller)
           end
+        rescue NameError
+          nil
         end
 
         private
-          def controller(params)
-            if params && params.has_key?(:controller)
-              controller = "#{params[:controller].camelize}Controller"
-              ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(controller)
-            end
-          end
-
           def merge_default_action!(params)
             params[:action] ||= 'index'
           end
@@ -197,26 +203,40 @@ module ActionDispatch
           end
       end
 
-      attr_accessor :routes, :named_routes, :configuration_files
+      attr_accessor :routes, :named_routes
+      attr_accessor :disable_clear_and_finalize
 
       def initialize
-        self.configuration_files = []
-
         self.routes = []
         self.named_routes = NamedRouteCollection.new
 
-        clear!
+        @disable_clear_and_finalize = false
       end
 
       def draw(&block)
-        clear!
-        Mapper.new(self).instance_exec(DeprecatedMapper.new(self), &block)
+        clear! unless @disable_clear_and_finalize
+
+        mapper = Mapper.new(self)
+        if block.arity == 1
+          mapper.instance_exec(DeprecatedMapper.new(self), &block)
+        else
+          mapper.instance_exec(&block)
+        end
+
+        finalize! unless @disable_clear_and_finalize
+
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def finalize!
         @set.add_route(NotFound)
         install_helpers
         @set.freeze
       end
 
       def clear!
+        # Clear the controller cache so we may discover new ones
+        @controller_constraints = nil
         routes.clear
         named_routes.clear
         @set = ::Rack::Mount::RouteSet.new(:parameters_key => PARAMETERS_KEY)
@@ -231,63 +251,38 @@ module ActionDispatch
         routes.empty?
       end
 
-      def add_configuration_file(path)
-        self.configuration_files << path
-      end
-
-      # Deprecated accessor
-      def configuration_file=(path)
-        add_configuration_file(path)
-      end
-
-      # Deprecated accessor
-      def configuration_file
-        configuration_files
-      end
+      CONTROLLER_REGEXP = /[_a-zA-Z0-9]+/
 
-      def load!
-        Routing.use_controllers!(nil) # Clear the controller cache so we may discover new ones
-        load_routes!
-      end
-
-      # reload! will always force a reload whereas load checks the timestamp first
-      alias reload! load!
-
-      def reload
-        if configuration_files.any? && @routes_last_modified
-          if routes_changed_at == @routes_last_modified
-            return # routes didn't change, don't reload
-          else
-            @routes_last_modified = routes_changed_at
-          end
+      def controller_constraints
+        @controller_constraints ||= begin
+          source = controller_namespaces.map { |ns| "#{Regexp.escape(ns)}/#{CONTROLLER_REGEXP.source}" }
+          source << CONTROLLER_REGEXP.source
+          Regexp.compile(source.sort.reverse.join('|'))
         end
-
-        load!
       end
 
-      def load_routes!
-        if configuration_files.any?
-          configuration_files.each { |config| load(config) }
-          @routes_last_modified = routes_changed_at
-        else
-          draw do |map|
-            map.connect ":controller/:action/:id"
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      def controller_namespaces
+        namespaces = Set.new
 
-      def routes_changed_at
-        routes_changed_at = nil
-
-        configuration_files.each do |config|
-          config_changed_at = File.stat(config).mtime
+        # Find any nested controllers already in memory
+        ActionController::Base.subclasses.each do |klass|
+          controller_name = klass.underscore
+          namespaces << controller_name.split('/')[0...-1].join('/')
+        end
 
-          if routes_changed_at.nil? || config_changed_at > routes_changed_at
-            routes_changed_at = config_changed_at
+        # TODO: Move this into Railties
+        if defined?(Rails.application)
+          # Find namespaces in controllers/ directory
+          Rails.application.config.controller_paths.each do |load_path|
+            load_path = File.expand_path(load_path)
+            Dir["#{load_path}/**/*_controller.rb"].collect do |path|
+              namespaces << File.dirname(path).sub(/#{load_path}\/?/, '')
+            end
           end
         end
 
-        routes_changed_at
+        namespaces.delete('')
+        namespaces
       end
 
       def add_route(app, conditions = {}, requirements = {}, defaults = {}, name = nil)
@@ -372,14 +367,34 @@ module ActionDispatch
         end
         recall[:action] = options.delete(:action) if options[:action] == 'index'
 
-        path = _uri(named_route, options, recall)
+        opts = {}
+        opts[:parameterize] = lambda { |name, value|
+          if name == :controller
+            value
+          elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+            value.map { |v| Rack::Mount::Utils.escape_uri(v.to_param) }.join('/')
+          else
+            Rack::Mount::Utils.escape_uri(value.to_param)
+          end
+        }
+
+        unless result = @set.generate(:path_info, named_route, options, recall, opts)
+          raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{options.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        path, params = result
+        params.each do |k, v|
+          if v
+            params[k] = v
+          else
+            params.delete(k)
+          end
+        end
+
         if path && method == :generate_extras
-          uri = URI(path)
-          extras = uri.query ?
-            Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query(uri.query).keys.map { |k| k.to_sym } :
-            []
-          [uri.path, extras]
+          [path, params.keys]
         elsif path
+          path << "?#{params.to_query}" if params.any?
           path
         else
           raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{options.inspect}"
@@ -390,37 +405,11 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
       def call(env)
         @set.call(env)
-      rescue ActionController::RoutingError => e
-        raise e if env['action_controller.rescue_error'] == false
-
-        method, path = env['REQUEST_METHOD'].downcase.to_sym, env['PATH_INFO']
-
-        # Route was not recognized. Try to find out why (maybe wrong verb).
-        allows = HTTP_METHODS.select { |verb|
-          begin
-            recognize_path(path, {:method => verb}, false)
-          rescue ActionController::RoutingError
-            nil
-          end
-        }
-
-        if !HTTP_METHODS.include?(method)
-          raise ActionController::NotImplemented.new(*allows)
-        elsif !allows.empty?
-          raise ActionController::MethodNotAllowed.new(*allows)
-        else
-          raise e
-        end
-      end
-
-      def recognize(request)
-        params = recognize_path(request.path, extract_request_environment(request))
-        request.path_parameters = params.with_indifferent_access
-        "#{params[:controller].to_s.camelize}Controller".constantize
       end
 
-      def recognize_path(path, environment = {}, rescue_error = true)
+      def recognize_path(path, environment = {})
         method = (environment[:method] || "GET").to_s.upcase
+        path = Rack::Mount::Utils.normalize_path(path)
 
         begin
           env = Rack::MockRequest.env_for(path, {:method => method})
@@ -428,70 +417,17 @@ module ActionDispatch
           raise ActionController::RoutingError, e.message
         end
 
-        env['action_controller.recognize'] = true
-        env['action_controller.rescue_error'] = rescue_error
-        status, headers, body = call(env)
-        body
-      end
-
-      # Subclasses and plugins may override this method to extract further attributes
-      # from the request, for use by route conditions and such.
-      def extract_request_environment(request)
-        { :method => request.method }
-      end
-
-      private
-        def _uri(named_route, params, recall)
-          params = URISegment.wrap_values(params)
-          recall = URISegment.wrap_values(recall)
-
-          unless result = @set.generate(:path_info, named_route, params, recall)
-            return
+        req = Rack::Request.new(env)
+        @set.recognize(req) do |route, params|
+          dispatcher = route.app
+          if dispatcher.is_a?(Dispatcher) && dispatcher.controller(params)
+            dispatcher.prepare_params!(params)
+            return params
           end
-
-          uri, params = result
-          params.each do |k, v|
-            if v._value
-              params[k] = v._value
-            else
-              params.delete(k)
-            end
-          end
-
-          uri << "?#{Rack::Mount::Utils.build_nested_query(params)}" if uri && params.any?
-          uri
         end
 
-        class URISegment < Struct.new(:_value, :_escape)
-          EXCLUDED = [:controller]
-
-          def self.wrap_values(hash)
-            hash.inject({}) { |h, (k, v)|
-              h[k] = new(v, !EXCLUDED.include?(k.to_sym))
-              h
-            }
-          end
-
-          extend Forwardable
-          def_delegators :_value, :==, :eql?, :hash
-
-          def to_param
-            @to_param ||= begin
-              if _value.is_a?(Array)
-                _value.map { |v| _escaped(v) }.join('/')
-              else
-                _escaped(_value)
-              end
-            end
-          end
-          alias_method :to_s, :to_param
-
-          private
-            def _escaped(value)
-              v = value.respond_to?(:to_param) ? value.to_param : value
-              _escape ? Rack::Mount::Utils.escape_uri(v) : v.to_s
-            end
-        end
+        raise ActionController::RoutingError, "No route matches #{path.inspect}"
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom.rb
index 9a917f704a..9c215de743 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/dom.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'action_controller/vendor/html-scanner'
+
 module ActionDispatch
   module Assertions
     module DomAssertions
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
 
         assert_block(full_message) { expected_dom == actual_dom }
       end
-      
+
       # The negated form of +assert_dom_equivalent+.
       #
       # ==== Examples
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/response.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/response.rb
index 501a7c4dfb..5686bbdbde 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/response.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/response.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
           assert_block("") { true } # to count the assertion
         elsif type.is_a?(Fixnum) && @response.response_code == type
           assert_block("") { true } # to count the assertion
-        elsif type.is_a?(Symbol) && @response.response_code == ActionDispatch::StatusCodes::SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE[type]
+        elsif type.is_a?(Symbol) && @response.response_code == Rack::Utils::SYMBOL_TO_STATUS_CODE[type]
           assert_block("") { true } # to count the assertion
         else
           assert_block(build_message(message, "Expected response to be a <?>, but was <?>", type, @response.response_code)) { false }
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/routing.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/routing.rb
index f0cca9a5f2..0c33539b4a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/routing.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/routing.rb
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ module ActionDispatch
           request_method = nil
         end
 
-        ActionController::Routing::Routes.reload if ActionController::Routing::Routes.empty?
         request = recognized_request_for(path, request_method)
 
         expected_options = expected_options.clone
@@ -80,7 +79,6 @@ module ActionDispatch
       def assert_generates(expected_path, options, defaults={}, extras = {}, message=nil)
         expected_path = "/#{expected_path}" unless expected_path[0] == ?/
         # Load routes.rb if it hasn't been loaded.
-        ActionController::Routing::Routes.reload if ActionController::Routing::Routes.empty?
 
         generated_path, extra_keys = ActionController::Routing::Routes.generate_extras(options, defaults)
         found_extras = options.reject {|k, v| ! extra_keys.include? k}
@@ -126,6 +124,46 @@ module ActionDispatch
         assert_generates(path.is_a?(Hash) ? path[:path] : path, options, defaults, extras, message)
       end
 
+      # A helper to make it easier to test different route configurations.
+      # This method temporarily replaces ActionController::Routing::Routes
+      # with a new RouteSet instance.
+      #
+      # The new instance is yielded to the passed block. Typically the block
+      # will create some routes using <tt>map.draw { map.connect ... }</tt>:
+      #
+      #   with_routing do |set|
+      #     set.draw do |map|
+      #       map.connect ':controller/:action/:id'
+      #         assert_equal(
+      #           ['/content/10/show', {}],
+      #           map.generate(:controller => 'content', :id => 10, :action => 'show')
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #   end
+      #
+      def with_routing
+        real_routes = ActionController::Routing::Routes
+        ActionController::Routing.module_eval { remove_const :Routes }
+
+        temporary_routes = ActionController::Routing::RouteSet.new
+        ActionController::Routing.module_eval { const_set :Routes, temporary_routes }
+
+        yield temporary_routes
+      ensure
+        if ActionController::Routing.const_defined? :Routes
+          ActionController::Routing.module_eval { remove_const :Routes }
+        end
+        ActionController::Routing.const_set(:Routes, real_routes) if real_routes
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(selector, *args, &block)
+        if @controller && ActionController::Routing::Routes.named_routes.helpers.include?(selector)
+          @controller.send(selector, *args, &block)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
       private
         # Recognizes the route for a given path.
         def recognized_request_for(path, request_method = nil)
@@ -134,9 +172,11 @@ module ActionDispatch
           # Assume given controller
           request = ActionController::TestRequest.new
           request.env["REQUEST_METHOD"] = request_method.to_s.upcase if request_method
-          request.path   = path
+          request.path = path
+
+          params = ActionController::Routing::Routes.recognize_path(path, { :method => request.method })
+          request.path_parameters = params.with_indifferent_access
 
-          ActionController::Routing::Routes.recognize(request)
           request
         end
     end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/selector.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/selector.rb
index d22adfa749..c2dc591ff7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/selector.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/selector.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'action_controller/vendor/html-scanner'
+
 #--
 # Copyright (c) 2006 Assaf Arkin (http://labnotes.org)
 # Under MIT and/or CC By license.
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
     #
     # Use +css_select+ to select elements without making an assertions, either
     # from the response HTML or elements selected by the enclosing assertion.
-    # 
+    #
     # In addition to HTML responses, you can make the following assertions:
     # * +assert_select_rjs+ - Assertions on HTML content of RJS update and insertion operations.
     # * +assert_select_encoded+ - Assertions on HTML encoded inside XML, for example for dealing with feed item descriptions.
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@ module ActionDispatch
       #   end
       #
       #   # Selects all list items in unordered lists
-      #   items = css_select("ul>li") 
-      #      
+      #   items = css_select("ul>li")
+      #
       #   # Selects all form tags and then all inputs inside the form
       #   forms = css_select("form")
       #   forms.each do |form|
@@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
           # Otherwise just operate on the response document.
           root = response_from_page_or_rjs
         end
-        
+
         # First or second argument is the selector: string and we pass
         # all remaining arguments. Array and we pass the argument. Also
         # accepts selector itself.
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
             selector = arg
           else raise ArgumentError, "Expecting a selector as the first argument"
         end
-        
+
         # Next argument is used for equality tests.
         equals = {}
         case arg = args.shift
@@ -315,10 +317,10 @@ module ActionDispatch
         # Returns all matches elements.
         matches
       end
-      
+
       def count_description(min, max) #:nodoc:
         pluralize = lambda {|word, quantity| word << (quantity == 1 ? '' : 's')}
-        
+
         if min && max && (max != min)
           "between #{min} and #{max} elements"
         elsif min && !(min == 1 && max == 1)
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
           "at most #{max} #{pluralize['element', max]}"
         end
       end
-      
+
       # :call-seq:
       #   assert_select_rjs(id?) { |elements| ... }
       #   assert_select_rjs(statement, id?) { |elements| ... }
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
       # that update or insert an element with that identifier.
       #
       # Use the first argument to narrow down assertions to only statements
-      # of that type. Possible values are <tt>:replace</tt>, <tt>:replace_html</tt>, 
+      # of that type. Possible values are <tt>:replace</tt>, <tt>:replace_html</tt>,
       # <tt>:show</tt>, <tt>:hide</tt>, <tt>:toggle</tt>, <tt>:remove</tta>,
       # <tt>:insert_html</tt> and <tt>:redirect</tt>.
       #
@@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
       #       end
       #     end
       #   end
-      #   
+      #
       #
       #   # Selects all paragraph tags from within the description of an RSS feed
       #   assert_select_feed :rss, 2.0 do
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/tag.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/tag.rb
index ef6867576e..5c735e61b2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/tag.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/assertions/tag.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'action_controller/vendor/html-scanner'
+
 module ActionDispatch
   module Assertions
     # Pair of assertions to testing elements in the HTML output of the response.
@@ -76,10 +78,10 @@ module ActionDispatch
       #   # Assert that there is a "span" containing between 2 and 4 "em" tags
       #   # as immediate children
       #   assert_tag :tag => "span",
-      #              :children => { :count => 2..4, :only => { :tag => "em" } } 
+      #              :children => { :count => 2..4, :only => { :tag => "em" } }
       #
       #   # Get funky: assert that there is a "div", with an "ul" ancestor
-      #   # and an "li" parent (with "class" = "enum"), and containing a 
+      #   # and an "li" parent (with "class" = "enum"), and containing a
       #   # "span" descendant that contains text matching /hello world/
       #   assert_tag :tag => "div",
       #              :ancestor => { :tag => "ul" },
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
         tag = find_tag(opts)
         assert tag, "expected tag, but no tag found matching #{opts.inspect} in:\n#{@response.body.inspect}"
       end
-      
+
       # Identical to +assert_tag+, but asserts that a matching tag does _not_
       # exist. (See +assert_tag+ for a full discussion of the syntax.)
       #
@@ -118,6 +120,19 @@ module ActionDispatch
         tag = find_tag(opts)
         assert !tag, "expected no tag, but found tag matching #{opts.inspect} in:\n#{@response.body.inspect}"
       end
+
+      def find_tag(conditions)
+        html_document.find(conditions)
+      end
+
+      def find_all_tag(conditions)
+        html_document.find_all(conditions)
+      end
+
+      def html_document
+        xml = @response.content_type =~ /xml$/
+        @html_document ||= HTML::Document.new(@response.body, false, xml)
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
index 40d6f97b2a..2a5f5dcd5c 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/integration.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ require 'stringio'
 require 'uri'
 require 'active_support/test_case'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/metaclass'
-
-# TODO: Remove circular dependency on ActionController
-require 'action_controller/testing/process'
+require 'rack/test'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   module Integration #:nodoc:
@@ -128,9 +126,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
       DEFAULT_HOST = "www.example.com"
 
       include Test::Unit::Assertions
-      include ActionDispatch::Assertions
-      include ActionController::TestProcess
-      include RequestHelpers
+      include TestProcess, RequestHelpers, Assertions
 
       %w( status status_message headers body redirect? ).each do |method|
         delegate method, :to => :response, :allow_nil => true
@@ -415,7 +411,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
   # At its simplest, you simply extend IntegrationTest and write your tests
   # using the get/post methods:
   #
-  #   require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/test_helper"
+  #   require "test_helper"
   #
   #   class ExampleTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
   #     fixtures :people
@@ -439,7 +435,7 @@ module ActionDispatch
   # powerful testing DSL that is specific for your application. You can even
   # reference any named routes you happen to have defined!
   #
-  #   require "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/test_helper"
+  #   require "test_helper"
   #
   #   class AdvancedTest < ActionController::IntegrationTest
   #     fixtures :people, :rooms
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/performance_test.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/performance_test.rb
index b1ed9d31f4..1b9a6c18b7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/performance_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/performance_test.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 require 'active_support/testing/performance'
 require 'active_support/testing/default'
 
-module ActionDispatch
-  # An integration test that runs a code profiler on your test methods.
-  # Profiling output for combinations of each test method, measurement, and
-  # output format are written to your tmp/performance directory.
-  #
-  # By default, process_time is measured and both flat and graph_html output
-  # formats are written, so you'll have two output files per test method.
-  class PerformanceTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
-    include ActiveSupport::Testing::Performance
-    include ActiveSupport::Testing::Default
+if defined?(ActiveSupport::Testing::Performance)
+  module ActionDispatch
+    # An integration test that runs a code profiler on your test methods.
+    # Profiling output for combinations of each test method, measurement, and
+    # output format are written to your tmp/performance directory.
+    #
+    # By default, process_time is measured and both flat and graph_html output
+    # formats are written, so you'll have two output files per test method.
+    class PerformanceTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+      include ActiveSupport::Testing::Performance
+      include ActiveSupport::Testing::Default
+    end
   end
-end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eae703e1b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+module ActionDispatch
+  module TestProcess
+    def assigns(key = nil)
+      assigns = {}
+      @controller.instance_variable_names.each do |ivar|
+        next if ActionController::Base.protected_instance_variables.include?(ivar)
+        assigns[ivar[1..-1]] = @controller.instance_variable_get(ivar)
+      end
+
+      key.nil? ? assigns : assigns[key.to_s]
+    end
+
+    def session
+      @request.session
+    end
+
+    def flash
+      @request.flash
+    end
+
+    def cookies
+      @request.cookies.merge(@response.cookies)
+    end
+
+    def redirect_to_url
+      @response.redirect_url
+    end
+
+    # Shortcut for <tt>ARack::Test::UploadedFile.new(ActionController::TestCase.fixture_path + path, type)</tt>:
+    #
+    #   post :change_avatar, :avatar => fixture_file_upload('/files/spongebob.png', 'image/png')
+    #
+    # To upload binary files on Windows, pass <tt>:binary</tt> as the last parameter.
+    # This will not affect other platforms:
+    #
+    #   post :change_avatar, :avatar => fixture_file_upload('/files/spongebob.png', 'image/png', :binary)
+    def fixture_file_upload(path, mime_type = nil, binary = false)
+      fixture_path = ActionController::TestCase.send(:fixture_path) if ActionController::TestCase.respond_to?(:fixture_path)
+      Rack::Test::UploadedFile.new("#{fixture_path}#{path}", mime_type, binary)
+    end
+  end
+end