Handle up/down for multiple databases

This change adds the ability to run up/down for a database in a multi-db
environment.

If you have an app with a primary and animals database the following
tasks will be generated:

```
VERSION=123 rake db:migrate:up:primary
VERSION=123 rake db:migrate:up:primary

VERSION=123 rake db:migrate:down:primary
VERSION=123 rake db:migrate:up:animals
```

I didn't generate descriptions with them since we don't generate a
description for a single database application.

In addition to this change I've made it so if your application has
multiple databases Rails will raise if you try to run `up` or `down`
without a namespace. This is because we don't know which DB you want to
run `up` or `down` against unless the app tells us, so it's safer to
just block it and recommend using namespaced versions of up/down
respectively.

The output for the raise looks like:

```
You're using a multiple database application. To use `db:migrate:down`
you must run the namespaced task with a VERSION. Available tasks are
db:migrate:down:primary and db:migrate:down:animals.
```

3 files changed, 115 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake b/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
index 64a4cb0886..450054bc85 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ db_namespace = namespace :db do
 
     # desc 'Runs the "up" for a given migration VERSION.'
     task up: :load_config do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.raise_for_multi_db(command: "db:migrate:up")
+
       raise "VERSION is required" if !ENV["VERSION"] || ENV["VERSION"].empty?
 
       ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.check_target_version
@@ -139,8 +141,30 @@ db_namespace = namespace :db do
       db_namespace["_dump"].invoke
     end
 
+    namespace :up do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.for_each do |spec_name|
+        desc "up for #{spec_name}"
+        task spec_name => :load_config do
+          raise "VERSION is required" if !ENV["VERSION"] || ENV["VERSION"].empty?
+
+          db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: Rails.env, spec_name: spec_name)
+
+          ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config.config)
+          ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.check_target_version
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.run(
+            :up,
+            ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.target_version
+          )
+
+          db_namespace["_dump"].invoke
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     # desc 'Runs the "down" for a given migration VERSION.'
     task down: :load_config do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.raise_for_multi_db(command: "db:migrate:down")
+
       raise "VERSION is required - To go down one migration, use db:rollback" if !ENV["VERSION"] || ENV["VERSION"].empty?
 
       ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.check_target_version
@@ -152,6 +176,25 @@ db_namespace = namespace :db do
       db_namespace["_dump"].invoke
     end
 
+    namespace :down do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.for_each do |spec_name|
+        task spec_name => :load_config do
+          raise "VERSION is required" if !ENV["VERSION"] || ENV["VERSION"].empty?
+
+          db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: Rails.env, spec_name: spec_name)
+
+          ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config.config)
+          ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.check_target_version
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection.migration_context.run(
+            :down,
+            ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.target_version
+          )
+
+          db_namespace["_dump"].invoke
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     desc "Display status of migrations"
     task status: :load_config do
       ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.env).each do |db_config|
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb
index 53e7e1e6d7..c79ed8db60 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb
@@ -155,6 +155,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      def raise_for_multi_db(environment = env, command:)
+        db_configs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: environment)
+
+        if db_configs.count > 1
+          dbs_list = []
+
+          db_configs.each do |db|
+            dbs_list << "#{command}:#{db.spec_name}"
+          end
+
+          raise "You're using a multiple database application. To use `#{command}` you must run the namespaced task with a VERSION. Available tasks are #{dbs_list.to_sentence}."
+        end
+      end
+
       def create_current(environment = env)
         each_current_configuration(environment) { |configuration|
           create configuration
diff --git a/railties/test/application/rake/multi_dbs_test.rb b/railties/test/application/rake/multi_dbs_test.rb
index 147b8f94e1..31ea2246a9 100644
--- a/railties/test/application/rake/multi_dbs_test.rb
+++ b/railties/test/application/rake/multi_dbs_test.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ module ApplicationTests
           assert_no_match(/already exists/, output)
           assert File.exist?(expected_database)
 
-
           output = rails("db:drop")
           assert_match(/Dropped database/, output)
           assert_match_namespace(namespace, output)
@@ -137,6 +136,36 @@ module ApplicationTests
         end
       end
 
+      def db_up_and_down(version, namespace = nil)
+        Dir.chdir(app_path) do
+          generate_models_for_animals
+          rails("db:migrate")
+
+          if namespace
+            down_output = rails("db:migrate:down:#{namespace}", "VERSION=#{version}")
+            up_output = rails("db:migrate:up:#{namespace}", "VERSION=#{version}")
+          else
+            assert_raises RuntimeError, /You're using a multiple database application/ do
+              down_output = rails("db:migrate:down", "VERSION=#{version}")
+            end
+
+            assert_raises RuntimeError, /You're using a multiple database application/ do
+              up_output = rails("db:migrate:up", "VERSION=#{version}")
+            end
+          end
+
+          case namespace
+          when "primary"
+            assert_match(/OneMigration: reverting/, down_output)
+            assert_match(/OneMigration: migrated/, up_output)
+          when nil
+          else
+            assert_match(/TwoMigration: reverting/, down_output)
+            assert_match(/TwoMigration: migrated/, up_output)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
       def db_prepare
         Dir.chdir(app_path) do
           generate_models_for_animals
@@ -219,6 +248,34 @@ module ApplicationTests
         end
       end
 
+      test "db:migrate:down and db:migrate:up without a namespace raises in a multi-db application" do
+        require "#{app_path}/config/environment"
+
+        app_file "db/migrate/01_one_migration.rb", <<-MIGRATION
+          class OneMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration::Current
+          end
+        MIGRATION
+
+        db_up_and_down "01"
+      end
+
+      test "db:migrate:down:namespace and db:migrate:up:namespace works" do
+        require "#{app_path}/config/environment"
+
+        app_file "db/migrate/01_one_migration.rb", <<-MIGRATION
+          class OneMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration::Current
+          end
+        MIGRATION
+
+        app_file "db/animals_migrate/02_two_migration.rb", <<-MIGRATION
+          class TwoMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration::Current
+          end
+        MIGRATION
+
+        db_up_and_down "01", "primary"
+        db_up_and_down "02", "animals"
+      end
+
       test "db:migrate:status works on all databases" do
         require "#{app_path}/config/environment"
         db_migrate_and_migrate_status