Merge commit 'mainstream/master'

124 files changed, 696 insertions, 398 deletions

diff --git a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb
index 9eee5783a0..69e77871b0 100644
--- a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb
+++ b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb
@@ -465,48 +465,48 @@ module ActionMailer #:nodoc:
     def create!(method_name, *parameters) #:nodoc:
       initialize_defaults(method_name)
       __send__(method_name, *parameters)
-
+      
       # If an explicit, textual body has not been set, we check assumptions.
       unless String === @body
         # First, we look to see if there are any likely templates that match,
         # which include the content-type in their file name (i.e.,
         # "the_template_file.text.html.erb", etc.). Only do this if parts
         # have not already been specified manually.
-        if @parts.empty?
-          Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*").each do |path|
-            template = template_root.find_by_parts("#{mailer_name}/#{File.basename(path)}")
-
-            # Skip unless template has a multipart format
-            next unless template && template.multipart?
-
+        # if @parts.empty?
+          template_root.find_all_by_parts(@template, {}, template_path).each do |template|
             @parts << Part.new(
-              :content_type => template.content_type,
+              :content_type => Mime::Type.lookup_by_extension(template.content_type || "text").to_s,
               :disposition => "inline",
               :charset => charset,
               :body => render_template(template, @body)
             )
           end
-          unless @parts.empty?
+          
+          if @parts.size > 1
             @content_type = "multipart/alternative" if @content_type !~ /^multipart/
             @parts = sort_parts(@parts, @implicit_parts_order)
           end
-        end
-
+        # end
+        
         # Then, if there were such templates, we check to see if we ought to
         # also render a "normal" template (without the content type). If a
         # normal template exists (or if there were no implicit parts) we render
         # it.
-        template_exists = @parts.empty?
-        template_exists ||= template_root.find_by_parts("#{mailer_name}/#{@template}")
-        @body = render_message(@template, @body) if template_exists
+        # ====
+        # TODO: Revisit this
+        # template_exists = @parts.empty?
+        # template_exists ||= template_root.find_by_parts("#{mailer_name}/#{@template}")
+        # @body = render_message(@template, @body) if template_exists
 
         # Finally, if there are other message parts and a textual body exists,
         # we shift it onto the front of the parts and set the body to nil (so
         # that create_mail doesn't try to render it in addition to the parts).
-        if !@parts.empty? && String === @body
-          @parts.unshift Part.new(:charset => charset, :body => @body)
-          @body = nil
-        end
+        # ====
+        # TODO: Revisit this
+        # if !@parts.empty? && String === @body
+        #   @parts.unshift Part.new(:charset => charset, :body => @body)
+        #   @body = nil
+        # end
       end
 
       # If this is a multipart e-mail add the mime_version if it is not
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ module ActionMailer #:nodoc:
           
           if file
             prefix = mailer_name unless file =~ /\//
-            template = view_paths.find_by_parts(file, formats, prefix)
+            template = view_paths.find_by_parts(file, {:formats => formats}, prefix)
           end
 
           layout = _pick_layout(layout, 
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ module ActionMailer #:nodoc:
       end
 
       def template_path
-        "#{template_root}/#{mailer_name}"
+        "#{mailer_name}"
       end
 
       def initialize_template_class(assigns)
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ module ActionMailer #:nodoc:
 
       def sort_parts(parts, order = [])
         order = order.collect { |s| s.downcase }
-
+        
         parts = parts.sort do |a, b|
           a_ct = a.content_type.downcase
           b_ct = b.content_type.downcase
@@ -663,10 +663,13 @@ module ActionMailer #:nodoc:
         headers.each { |k, v| m[k] = v }
 
         real_content_type, ctype_attrs = parse_content_type
-
+        
         if @parts.empty?
           m.set_content_type(real_content_type, nil, ctype_attrs)
           m.body = normalize_new_lines(body)
+        elsif @parts.size == 1 && @parts.first.parts.empty?
+          m.set_content_type(real_content_type, nil, ctype_attrs)
+          m.body = normalize_new_lines(@parts.first.body)
         else
           if String === body
             part = TMail::Mail.new
diff --git a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/vendor/tmail-1.2.3/tmail/mail.rb b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/vendor/tmail-1.2.3/tmail/mail.rb
index c3a8803dc4..23a3f75de3 100644
--- a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/vendor/tmail-1.2.3/tmail/mail.rb
+++ b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/vendor/tmail-1.2.3/tmail/mail.rb
@@ -518,6 +518,7 @@ module TMail
 
     def parse_body( f = nil )
       return if @body_parsed
+      
       if f
         parse_body_0 f
       else
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.html.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.html.erb
index 6d73f199c4..6d73f199c4 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.html.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.html.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.plain.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.erb
index f4b91e4031..f4b91e4031 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.plain.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/auto_layout_mailer/multipart.text.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/_subtemplate.text.plain.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/_subtemplate.text.erb
index 3b4ba35f20..3b4ba35f20 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/_subtemplate.text.plain.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/_subtemplate.text.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.html.haml b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.html.haml
index 847d065c37..847d065c37 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.html.haml
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.html.haml
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.plain.haml b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.haml
index 847d065c37..847d065c37 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.plain.haml
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/custom_templating_extension.text.haml
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.html.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.html.erb
index 946d99ede5..946d99ede5 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.html.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.html.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.html.erb~ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.html.erb~
index 946d99ede5..946d99ede5 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.html.erb~
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.html.erb~
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.plain.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.erb
index a6c8d54cf9..a6c8d54cf9 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.plain.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.yaml.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.yaml.erb
index c14348c770..c14348c770 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.text.yaml.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/implicitly_multipart_example.yaml.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/included_subtemplate.text.plain.erb b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/included_subtemplate.text.erb
index a93c30ea1a..a93c30ea1a 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/included_subtemplate.text.plain.erb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/included_subtemplate.text.erb
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/rxml_template.builder b/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/rxml_template.builder
deleted file mode 100644
index d566bd8d7c..0000000000
--- a/actionmailer/test/fixtures/test_mailer/rxml_template.builder
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-xml.instruct!
-xml.test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/mail_service_test.rb b/actionmailer/test/mail_service_test.rb
index b7d5fd5dd3..b27bda49be 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/mail_service_test.rb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/mail_service_test.rb
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@ class ActionMailerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
 
   def test_nested_parts_with_body
     created = nil
+    TestMailer.create_nested_multipart_with_body(@recipient)
     assert_nothing_raised { created = TestMailer.create_nested_multipart_with_body(@recipient)}
     assert_equal 1,created.parts.size
     assert_equal 2,created.parts.first.parts.size
@@ -351,8 +352,8 @@ class ActionMailerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
 
   def test_attachment_with_custom_header
     created = nil
-    assert_nothing_raised { created = TestMailer.create_attachment_with_custom_header(@recipient)}
-    assert_equal "<test@test.com>", created.parts[1].header['content-id'].to_s
+    assert_nothing_raised { created = TestMailer.create_attachment_with_custom_header(@recipient) }
+    assert created.parts.any? { |p| p.header['content-id'].to_s == "<test@test.com>" }
   end
 
   def test_signed_up
@@ -824,7 +825,7 @@ EOF
     assert_equal 3, mail.parts.length
     assert_equal "1.0", mail.mime_version
     assert_equal "multipart/alternative", mail.content_type
-    assert_equal "text/yaml", mail.parts[0].content_type
+    assert_equal "application/x-yaml", mail.parts[0].content_type
     assert_equal "utf-8", mail.parts[0].sub_header("content-type", "charset")
     assert_equal "text/plain", mail.parts[1].content_type
     assert_equal "utf-8", mail.parts[1].sub_header("content-type", "charset")
@@ -835,11 +836,11 @@ EOF
   def test_implicitly_multipart_messages_with_custom_order
     assert ActionView::Template.template_handler_extensions.include?("bak"), "bak extension was not registered"
 
-    mail = TestMailer.create_implicitly_multipart_example(@recipient, nil, ["text/yaml", "text/plain"])
+    mail = TestMailer.create_implicitly_multipart_example(@recipient, nil, ["application/x-yaml", "text/plain"])
     assert_equal 3, mail.parts.length
     assert_equal "text/html", mail.parts[0].content_type
     assert_equal "text/plain", mail.parts[1].content_type
-    assert_equal "text/yaml", mail.parts[2].content_type
+    assert_equal "application/x-yaml", mail.parts[2].content_type
   end
 
   def test_implicitly_multipart_messages_with_charset
@@ -938,8 +939,7 @@ EOF
   def test_multipart_with_template_path_with_dots
     mail = FunkyPathMailer.create_multipart_with_template_path_with_dots(@recipient)
     assert_equal 2, mail.parts.length
-    assert_equal 'text/plain', mail.parts[0].content_type
-    assert_equal 'utf-8', mail.parts[0].charset
+    assert mail.parts.any? {|part| part.content_type == "text/plain" && part.charset == "utf-8"}
   end
 
   def test_custom_content_type_attributes
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/layouts.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/layouts.rb
index 478b301a26..0039e67c5a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/layouts.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/layouts.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module AbstractController
         else
           self.class_eval %{
             def _layout
-              if view_paths.find_by_parts?("#{_implied_layout_name}", formats, "layouts")
+              if view_paths.find_by_parts?("#{_implied_layout_name}", {:formats => formats}, "layouts")
                 "#{_implied_layout_name}"
               else
                 super
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ module AbstractController
         raise ArgumentError, "String, false, or nil expected; you passed #{name.inspect}"
       end
       
-      name && view_paths.find_by_parts(name, formats, "layouts")
+      name && view_paths.find_by_parts(name, {:formats => formats}, "layouts")
     end
     
     def _default_layout(require_layout = false)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/renderer.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/renderer.rb
index a86eef889e..e31accbbfc 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/renderer.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/abstract/renderer.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ module AbstractController
     def render_to_body(options = {})
       name = options[:_template_name] || action_name
       
-      template = options[:_template] || view_paths.find_by_parts(name.to_s, formats, options[:_prefix])
+      template = options[:_template] || view_paths.find_by_parts(name.to_s, {:formats => formats}, options[:_prefix])
       _render_template(template, options)
     end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/layout.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/layout.rb
index 4fcef6c5d9..1ad5191c73 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/layout.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/layout.rb
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ module ActionController #:nodoc:
       def memoized_find_layout(layout, formats) #:nodoc:
         return layout if layout.nil? || layout.respond_to?(:render)
         prefix = layout.to_s =~ /layouts\// ? nil : "layouts"
-        view_paths.find_by_parts(layout.to_s, formats, prefix)
+        view_paths.find_by_parts(layout.to_s, {:formats => formats}, prefix)
       end
 
       def find_layout(*args)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/render.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/render.rb
index 606df58518..33695cd78e 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/render.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/base/render.rb
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ module ActionController
         render_for_text(js)
 
       elsif json = options[:json]
-        json = json.to_json unless json.is_a?(String)
+        json = ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(json) unless json.is_a?(String)
         json = "#{options[:callback]}(#{json})" unless options[:callback].blank?
         response.content_type ||= Mime::JSON
         render_for_text(json)
@@ -374,8 +374,13 @@ module ActionController
         render_for_file(name.sub(/^\//, ''), [layout, true], options)
       end
     end
-  
+
+    # ==== Arguments
+    # parts<Array[String, Array[Symbol*], String, Boolean]>::
+    #     Example: ["show", [:html, :xml], "users", false]
     def render_for_parts(parts, layout, options = {})
+      parts[1] = {:formats => parts[1], :locales => [I18n.locale]}
+      
       tmp = view_paths.find_by_parts(*parts)
       
       layout = _pick_layout(*layout) unless tmp.exempt_from_layout?
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/number_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/number_helper.rb
index dea958deaf..c02692b09a 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/number_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/number_helper.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/float/rounding'
+
 module ActionView
   module Helpers #:nodoc:
     # Provides methods for converting numbers into formatted strings.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/prototype_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/prototype_helper.rb
index 6bad11e354..fb8122af35 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/prototype_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/prototype_helper.rb
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ module ActionView
             def loop_on_multiple_args(method, ids)
               record(ids.size>1 ?
                 "#{javascript_object_for(ids)}.each(#{method})" :
-                "#{method}(#{ids.first.to_json})")
+                "#{method}(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(ids.first)})")
             end
 
             def page
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ module ActionView
             end
 
             def javascript_object_for(object)
-              object.respond_to?(:to_json) ? object.to_json : object.inspect
+              ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(object)
             end
 
             def arguments_for_call(arguments, block = nil)
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ module ActionView
     class JavaScriptElementProxy < JavaScriptProxy #:nodoc:
       def initialize(generator, id)
         @id = id
-        super(generator, "$(#{id.to_json})")
+        super(generator, "$(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(id)})")
       end
 
       # Allows access of element attributes through +attribute+. Examples:
@@ -1184,10 +1184,12 @@ module ActionView
         true
       end
 
-      def to_json(options = nil)
+      def rails_to_json(options = nil)
         @variable
       end
 
+      alias to_json rails_to_json
+
       private
         def append_to_function_chain!(call)
           @generator << @variable if @empty
@@ -1211,7 +1213,7 @@ module ActionView
           enumerate :eachSlice, :variable => variable, :method_args => [number], :yield_args => %w(value index), :return => true, &block
         else
           add_variable_assignment!(variable)
-          append_enumerable_function!("eachSlice(#{number.to_json});")
+          append_enumerable_function!("eachSlice(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(number)});")
         end
       end
 
@@ -1232,7 +1234,7 @@ module ActionView
 
       def pluck(variable, property)
         add_variable_assignment!(variable)
-        append_enumerable_function!("pluck(#{property.to_json});")
+        append_enumerable_function!("pluck(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(property)});")
       end
 
       def zip(variable, *arguments, &block)
@@ -1296,7 +1298,7 @@ module ActionView
 
     class JavaScriptElementCollectionProxy < JavaScriptCollectionProxy #:nodoc:\
       def initialize(generator, pattern)
-        super(generator, "$$(#{pattern.to_json})")
+        super(generator, "$$(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(pattern)})")
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/scriptaculous_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/scriptaculous_helper.rb
index e16935ea87..04af2781d7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/scriptaculous_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/scriptaculous_helper.rb
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ module ActionView
       # You can change the behaviour with various options, see
       # http://script.aculo.us for more documentation.
       def visual_effect(name, element_id = false, js_options = {})
-        element = element_id ? element_id.to_json : "element"
+        element = element_id ? ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(element_id) : "element"
         
         js_options[:queue] = if js_options[:queue].is_a?(Hash)
           '{' + js_options[:queue].map {|k, v| k == :limit ? "#{k}:#{v}" : "#{k}:'#{v}'" }.join(',') + '}'
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ module ActionView
       end
       
       def sortable_element_js(element_id, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        options[:with]     ||= "Sortable.serialize(#{element_id.to_json})"
+        options[:with]     ||= "Sortable.serialize(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(element_id)})"
         options[:onUpdate] ||= "function(){" + remote_function(options) + "}"
         options.delete_if { |key, value| PrototypeHelper::AJAX_OPTIONS.include?(key) }
   
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ module ActionView
         options[:containment] = array_or_string_for_javascript(options[:containment]) if options[:containment]
         options[:only] = array_or_string_for_javascript(options[:only]) if options[:only]
   
-        %(Sortable.create(#{element_id.to_json}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
+        %(Sortable.create(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(element_id)}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
       end
 
       # Makes the element with the DOM ID specified by +element_id+ draggable.
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ module ActionView
       end
       
       def draggable_element_js(element_id, options = {}) #:nodoc:
-        %(new Draggable(#{element_id.to_json}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
+        %(new Draggable(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(element_id)}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
       end
 
       # Makes the element with the DOM ID specified by +element_id+ receive
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ module ActionView
         # Confirmation happens during the onDrop callback, so it can be removed from the options
         options.delete(:confirm) if options[:confirm]
 
-        %(Droppables.add(#{element_id.to_json}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
+        %(Droppables.add(#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(element_id)}, #{options_for_javascript(options)});)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
index 1d0279889c..e48088f344 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/paths.rb
@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
       super(*objs.map { |obj| self.class.type_cast(obj) })
     end
 
-    def find_by_parts(path, extension = nil, prefix = nil, partial = false)
+    def find_by_parts(path, details = {}, prefix = nil, partial = false)
       template_path = path.sub(/^\//, '')
 
       each do |load_path|
-        if template = load_path.find_by_parts(template_path, extension, prefix, partial)
+        if template = load_path.find_by_parts(template_path, details, prefix, partial)
           return template
         end
       end
 
       Template.new(path, self)
     rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate => e
-      extension ||= []
+      extension = details[:formats] || []
       raise ActionView::MissingTemplate.new(self, "#{prefix}/#{path}.{#{extension.join(",")}}")
     end
     
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
index e337dcb63b..43f8a1edf8 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/partials.rb
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ module ActionView
           path = ActionController::RecordIdentifier.partial_path(object, controller_path)
         end
         _, _, prefix, object = parts = partial_parts(path, options)
+        parts[1] = {:formats => parts[1]}
         template = find_by_parts(*parts)
         _render_partial_object(template, options, (object unless object == true))
       end
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ module ActionView
       def _render_partial_with_layout(layout, options)
         if layout
           prefix = controller && !layout.include?("/") ? controller.controller_path : nil
-          layout = find_by_parts(layout, formats, prefix, true)
+          layout = find_by_parts(layout, {:formats => formats}, prefix, true)
         end
         content = _render_partial(options)
         return _render_content_with_layout(content, layout, options[:locals])
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ module ActionView
       def _render_partial_with_layout(layout, options)
         if layout
           prefix = controller && !layout.include?("/") ? controller.controller_path : nil
-          layout = find_by_parts(layout, formats, prefix, true)
+          layout = find_by_parts(layout, {:formats => formats}, prefix, true)
         end
         content = _render_partial(options)
         return _render_content_with_layout(content, layout, options[:locals])
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ module ActionView
 
       def _pick_partial_template(partial_path) #:nodoc:
         prefix = controller_path unless partial_path.include?('/')
-        find_by_parts(partial_path, formats, prefix, true)
+        find_by_parts(partial_path, {:formats => formats}, prefix, true)
       end
       memoize :_pick_partial_template
   end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
index a9b2acecd5..4213b09e48 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ module ActionView
         return _render_partial_with_layout(layout, options) if options.key?(:partial)
         return _render_partial_with_block(layout, block, options) if block_given?
     
-        layout = find_by_parts(layout, formats) if layout
+        layout = find_by_parts(layout, {:formats => formats}) if layout
     
         if file = options[:file]
-          template = find_by_parts(file, formats)
+          template = find_by_parts(file, {:formats => formats})
           _render_template_with_layout(template, layout, :locals => options[:locals])
         elsif inline = options[:inline]
           _render_inline(inline, layout, options)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers.rb
index fb85f28851..448ab6731b 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/handlers.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
 
     @@template_handlers = {}
     @@default_template_handlers = nil
+    
+    def self.extensions
+      @@template_handlers.keys
+    end
 
     # Register a class that knows how to handle template files with the given
     # extension. This can be used to implement new template types.
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/path.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/path.rb
index 9709549b70..660a7e91a2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/path.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/path.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,81 @@
 module ActionView
   class Template
+  # Abstract super class
     class Path
-      attr_reader :path, :paths
-      delegate :hash, :inspect, :to => :path
-      
       def initialize(options)
-        @cache = options[:cache]
+        @cache  = options[:cache]
+        @cached = {}
       end
-
+    
+      # Normalizes the arguments and passes it on to find_template
+      def find_by_parts(*args)
+        find_all_by_parts(*args).first
+      end
+      
+      def find_all_by_parts(name, details = {}, prefix = nil, partial = nil)
+        details[:locales] = [I18n.locale]
+        name = name.to_s.gsub(handler_matcher, '').split("/")
+        find_templates(name.pop, details, [prefix, *name].compact.join("/"), partial)
+      end
+    
+    private
+      
+      # This is what child classes implement. No defaults are needed
+      # because Path guarentees that the arguments are present and
+      # normalized.
+      def find_templates(name, details, prefix, partial)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+  
+      # TODO: Refactor this to abstract out the file system
+      def initialize_template(file)
+        t = Template.new(file.split("#{self}/").last, self)
+        t.load!
+        t
+      end
+      
+      def valid_handlers
+        @valid_handlers ||= TemplateHandlers.extensions
+      end
+      
+      def handler_matcher
+        @handler_matcher ||= begin
+          e = valid_handlers.join('|')
+          /\.(?:#{e})$/
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def handler_glob
+        e = TemplateHandlers.extensions.join(',')
+        ".{#{e}}"
+      end
+      
+      def formats_glob
+        @formats_glob ||= begin
+          formats = Mime::SET.map { |m| m.symbol }
+          '{' + formats.map { |l| ".#{l}," }.join + '}'
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def cached(key)
+        return yield unless @cache
+        return @cached[key] if @cached.key?(key)
+        @cached[key] = yield
+      end
+    end
+  
+    class FileSystemPath < Path
+    
+      def initialize(path, options = {})
+        raise ArgumentError, "path already is a Path class" if path.is_a?(Path)
+        super(options)
+        @path = path
+      end
+    
+      # TODO: This is the currently needed API. Make this suck less
+      # ==== <suck>
+      attr_reader :path
+    
       def to_s
         if defined?(RAILS_ROOT)
           path.to_s.sub(/^#{Regexp.escape(File.expand_path(RAILS_ROOT))}\//, '')
@@ -27,61 +95,36 @@ module ActionView
       def eql?(path)
         to_str == path.to_str
       end
-
-      def find_by_parts(name, extensions = nil, prefix = nil, partial = nil)
-        path = prefix ? "#{prefix}/" : ""
+      # ==== </suck>
     
-        name = name.to_s.split("/")
-        name[-1] = "_#{name[-1]}" if partial
-    
-        path << name.join("/")
-
-        template = nil
-
-        Array(extensions).each do |extension|
-          extensioned_path = extension ? "#{path}.#{extension}" : path
-          break if (template = find_template(extensioned_path))
+      def find_templates(name, details, prefix, partial)
+        if glob = parts_to_glob(name, details, prefix, partial)
+          cached(glob) do
+            Dir[glob].map do |path|
+              initialize_template(path) unless File.directory?(path)
+            end.compact
+          end
         end
-        template || find_template(path)
       end
-  
-    private
-      def create_template(file)
-        Template.new(file.split("#{self}/").last, self)
-      end
-    end
-
-    class FileSystemPath < Path
-      def initialize(path, options = {})
-        raise ArgumentError, "path already is a Path class" if path.is_a?(Path)        
-        
-        super(options)
-        @path, @paths = path, {}
-        
-        # **/*/** is a hax for symlinked directories
-        load_templates("#{@path}/{**/*,**}/**") if @cache
-      end
-
-    private
-    
-      def load_template(template)
-        template.load!
-        template.accessible_paths.each do |path|
-          @paths[path] = template
-        end
-      end
-    
-      def find_template(path)
-        load_templates("#{@path}/#{path}{,.*}") unless @cache
-        @paths[path]
-      end    
     
-      def load_templates(glob)
-        Dir[glob].each do |file|
-          load_template(create_template(file)) unless File.directory?(file)
+    private
+  
+      def parts_to_glob(name, details, prefix, partial)
+        path = ""
+        path << "#{prefix}/" unless prefix.empty?
+        path << (partial ? "_#{name}" : name)
+      
+        extensions = ""
+        [:locales, :formats].each do |k|
+          extensions << if exts = details[k]
+            '{' + exts.map {|e| ".#{e},"}.join + '}'
+          else
+            k == :formats ? formats_glob : ''
+          end
         end
+        
+        "#{@path}/#{path}#{extensions}#{handler_glob}"
       end
-      
     end
   end
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
index b6967a2013..e541336613 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/template/template.rb
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ module ActionView #:nodoc:
     end    
     
     def content_type
-      format.gsub('.', '/')
+      format && format.gsub('.', '/')
     end    
     
   private
diff --git a/actionpack/test/abstract_controller/abstract_controller_test.rb b/actionpack/test/abstract_controller/abstract_controller_test.rb
index 918062c7db..f1dcb39ef1 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/abstract_controller/abstract_controller_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/abstract_controller/abstract_controller_test.rb
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ module AbstractController
       private
       def self.layout(formats)
         begin
-          view_paths.find_by_parts(name.underscore, formats, "layouts")
+          view_paths.find_by_parts(name.underscore, {:formats => formats}t, "layouts")
         rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate
           begin
-            view_paths.find_by_parts("application", formats, "layouts")
+            view_paths.find_by_parts("application", {:formats => formats}, "layouts")
           rescue ActionView::MissingTemplate
           end
         end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/controller/render_test.rb b/actionpack/test/controller/render_test.rb
index 9a34bcebe6..bf72730bea 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/controller/render_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/controller/render_test.rb
@@ -194,19 +194,19 @@ class TestController < ActionController::Base
   end
 
   def render_json_hello_world
-    render :json => {:hello => 'world'}.to_json
+    render :json => ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:hello => 'world')
   end
 
   def render_json_hello_world_with_callback
-    render :json => {:hello => 'world'}.to_json, :callback => 'alert'
+    render :json => ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:hello => 'world'), :callback => 'alert'
   end
 
   def render_json_with_custom_content_type
-    render :json => {:hello => 'world'}.to_json, :content_type => 'text/javascript'
+    render :json => ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:hello => 'world'), :content_type => 'text/javascript'
   end
 
   def render_symbol_json
-    render :json => {:hello => 'world'}.to_json
+    render :json => ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:hello => 'world')
   end
 
   def render_json_with_render_to_string
@@ -875,31 +875,31 @@ class RenderTest < ActionController::TestCase
 
   def test_render_json
     get :render_json_hello_world
-    assert_equal '{"hello": "world"}', @response.body
+    assert_equal '{"hello":"world"}', @response.body
     assert_equal 'application/json', @response.content_type
   end
 
   def test_render_json_with_callback
     get :render_json_hello_world_with_callback
-    assert_equal 'alert({"hello": "world"})', @response.body
+    assert_equal 'alert({"hello":"world"})', @response.body
     assert_equal 'application/json', @response.content_type
   end
 
   def test_render_json_with_custom_content_type
     get :render_json_with_custom_content_type
-    assert_equal '{"hello": "world"}', @response.body
+    assert_equal '{"hello":"world"}', @response.body
     assert_equal 'text/javascript', @response.content_type
   end
 
   def test_render_symbol_json
     get :render_symbol_json
-    assert_equal '{"hello": "world"}', @response.body
+    assert_equal '{"hello":"world"}', @response.body
     assert_equal 'application/json', @response.content_type
   end
 
   def test_render_json_with_render_to_string
     get :render_json_with_render_to_string
-    assert_equal '{"hello": "partial html"}', @response.body
+    assert_equal '{"hello":"partial html"}', @response.body
     assert_equal 'application/json', @response.content_type
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/prototype_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/prototype_helper_test.rb
index cd6ee6ea11..28851f113f 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/prototype_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/prototype_helper_test.rb
@@ -328,28 +328,28 @@ class JavaScriptGeneratorTest < PrototypeHelperBaseTest
   def test_remove
     assert_equal 'Element.remove("foo");',
       @generator.remove('foo')
-    assert_equal '["foo", "bar", "baz"].each(Element.remove);',
+    assert_equal '["foo","bar","baz"].each(Element.remove);',
       @generator.remove('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
   end
 
   def test_show
     assert_equal 'Element.show("foo");',
       @generator.show('foo')
-    assert_equal '["foo", "bar", "baz"].each(Element.show);',
+    assert_equal '["foo","bar","baz"].each(Element.show);',
       @generator.show('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
   end
 
   def test_hide
     assert_equal 'Element.hide("foo");',
       @generator.hide('foo')
-    assert_equal '["foo", "bar", "baz"].each(Element.hide);',
+    assert_equal '["foo","bar","baz"].each(Element.hide);',
       @generator.hide('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
   end
 
   def test_toggle
     assert_equal 'Element.toggle("foo");',
       @generator.toggle('foo')
-    assert_equal '["foo", "bar", "baz"].each(Element.toggle);',
+    assert_equal '["foo","bar","baz"].each(Element.toggle);',
       @generator.toggle('foo', 'bar', 'baz')
   end
 
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class JavaScriptGeneratorTest < PrototypeHelperBaseTest
     assert_equal <<-EOS.chomp, @generator.to_s
 Element.insert("element", { top: "\\u003Cp\\u003EThis is a test\\u003C/p\\u003E" });
 Element.insert("element", { bottom: "\\u003Cp\\u003EThis is a test\\u003C/p\\u003E" });
-["foo", "bar"].each(Element.remove);
+["foo","bar"].each(Element.remove);
 Element.update("baz", "\\u003Cp\\u003EThis is a test\\u003C/p\\u003E");
     EOS
   end
@@ -555,8 +555,8 @@ return (value.className == "welcome");
     end
 
     assert_equal <<-EOS.strip, @generator.to_s
-var a = [1, 2, 3].zip([4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]);
-var b = [1, 2, 3].zip([4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], function(array) {
+var a = [1, 2, 3].zip([4,5,6], [7,8,9]);
+var b = [1, 2, 3].zip([4,5,6], [7,8,9], function(array) {
 return array.reverse();
 });
     EOS
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ return value.reverse();
 
   def test_literal
     literal = @generator.literal("function() {}")
-    assert_equal "function() {}", literal.to_json
+    assert_equal "function() {}", ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(literal)
     assert_equal "", @generator.to_s
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
index 8843f6fdd7..7191df0dfd 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/render_test.rb
@@ -29,23 +29,19 @@ module RenderTestCases
   end
 
   def test_render_file_with_localization
-    pending do
-      begin
-        old_locale = I18n.locale
-        I18n.locale = :da
-        assert_equal "Hey verden", @view.render(:file => "test/hello_world")
-      ensure
-        I18n.locale = old_locale
-      end
+    begin
+      old_locale = I18n.locale
+      I18n.locale = :da
+      assert_equal "Hey verden", @view.render(:file => "test/hello_world")
+    ensure
+      I18n.locale = old_locale
     end
   end
 
   def test_render_file_with_dashed_locale
     old_locale = I18n.locale
-    pending do
-      I18n.locale = :"pt-BR"
-      assert_equal "Ola mundo", @view.render(:file => "test/hello_world")
-    end
+    I18n.locale = :"pt-BR"
+    assert_equal "Ola mundo", @view.render(:file => "test/hello_world")
   ensure
     I18n.locale = old_locale
   end
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/core.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/core.rb
index 6b2bee53d9..b4b020defc 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/core.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/core.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 begin
   require 'active_support'
 rescue LoadError
-  activesupport_path = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../../activesupport/lib"
+  activesupport_path = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/../../../activesupport/lib"
   if File.directory?(activesupport_path)
     $:.unshift activesupport_path
     require 'active_support'
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
index c709c3f1eb..e9cb8bfca9 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/serializers/json_serializer.rb
@@ -74,13 +74,17 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
     #                   {"comments": [{"body": "Don't think too hard"}],
     #                    "title": "So I was thinking"}]}
     def to_json(options = {})
+      json = JsonSerializer.new(self, options).to_s
       if include_root_in_json
-        "{#{self.class.json_class_name}: #{JsonSerializer.new(self, options).to_s}}"
+        "{#{self.class.json_class_name}:#{json}}"
       else
-        JsonSerializer.new(self, options).to_s
+        json
       end
     end
 
+    # For compatibility with ActiveSupport::JSON.encode
+    alias rails_to_json to_json
+
     def from_json(json)
       self.attributes = ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(json)
       self
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@ module ActiveRecord #:nodoc:
 
     class JsonSerializer < ActiveRecord::Serialization::Serializer #:nodoc:
       def serialize
-        serializable_record.to_json
+        ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(serializable_record)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/json_serialization_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/json_serialization_test.rb
index 975acde096..0ffbc9bf3b 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/json_serialization_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/json_serialization_test.rb
@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ class JsonSerializationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     NamespacedContact.include_root_in_json = true
     @contact = NamespacedContact.new :name => 'whatever'
     json = @contact.to_json
-    assert_match %r{^\{"namespaced_contact": \{}, json
+    assert_match %r{^\{"namespaced_contact":\{}, json
   end
 
   def test_should_include_root_in_json
     Contact.include_root_in_json = true
     json = @contact.to_json
 
-    assert_match %r{^\{"contact": \{}, json
-    assert_match %r{"name": "Konata Izumi"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"age": 16}, json
-    assert json.include?(%("created_at": #{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
-    assert_match %r{"awesome": true}, json
-    assert_match %r{"preferences": \{"shows": "anime"\}}, json
+    assert_match %r{^\{"contact":\{}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"Konata Izumi"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"age":16}, json
+    assert json.include?(%("created_at":#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
+    assert_match %r{"awesome":true}, json
+    assert_match %r{"preferences":\{"shows":"anime"\}}, json
   ensure
     Contact.include_root_in_json = false
   end
@@ -46,31 +46,31 @@ class JsonSerializationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   def test_should_encode_all_encodable_attributes
     json = @contact.to_json
 
-    assert_match %r{"name": "Konata Izumi"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"age": 16}, json
-    assert json.include?(%("created_at": #{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
-    assert_match %r{"awesome": true}, json
-    assert_match %r{"preferences": \{"shows": "anime"\}}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"Konata Izumi"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"age":16}, json
+    assert json.include?(%("created_at":#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
+    assert_match %r{"awesome":true}, json
+    assert_match %r{"preferences":\{"shows":"anime"\}}, json
   end
 
   def test_should_allow_attribute_filtering_with_only
     json = @contact.to_json(:only => [:name, :age])
 
-    assert_match %r{"name": "Konata Izumi"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"age": 16}, json
-    assert_no_match %r{"awesome": true}, json
-    assert !json.include?(%("created_at": #{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
-    assert_no_match %r{"preferences": \{"shows": "anime"\}}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"Konata Izumi"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"age":16}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"awesome":true}, json
+    assert !json.include?(%("created_at":#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
+    assert_no_match %r{"preferences":\{"shows":"anime"\}}, json
   end
 
   def test_should_allow_attribute_filtering_with_except
     json = @contact.to_json(:except => [:name, :age])
 
-    assert_no_match %r{"name": "Konata Izumi"}, json
-    assert_no_match %r{"age": 16}, json
-    assert_match %r{"awesome": true}, json
-    assert json.include?(%("created_at": #{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
-    assert_match %r{"preferences": \{"shows": "anime"\}}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"name":"Konata Izumi"}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"age":16}, json
+    assert_match %r{"awesome":true}, json
+    assert json.include?(%("created_at":#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.utc(2006, 8, 1))}))
+    assert_match %r{"preferences":\{"shows":"anime"\}}, json
   end
 
   def test_methods_are_called_on_object
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ class JsonSerializationTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     def @contact.favorite_quote; "Constraints are liberating"; end
 
     # Single method.
-    assert_match %r{"label": "Has cheezburger"}, @contact.to_json(:only => :name, :methods => :label)
+    assert_match %r{"label":"Has cheezburger"}, @contact.to_json(:only => :name, :methods => :label)
 
     # Both methods.
     methods_json = @contact.to_json(:only => :name, :methods => [:label, :favorite_quote])
-    assert_match %r{"label": "Has cheezburger"}, methods_json
-    assert_match %r{"favorite_quote": "Constraints are liberating"}, methods_json
+    assert_match %r{"label":"Has cheezburger"}, methods_json
+    assert_match %r{"favorite_quote":"Constraints are liberating"}, methods_json
   end
 end
 
@@ -99,42 +99,42 @@ class DatabaseConnectedJsonEncodingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   def test_includes_uses_association_name
     json = @david.to_json(:include => :posts)
 
-    assert_match %r{"posts": \[}, json
+    assert_match %r{"posts":\[}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"id": 1}, json
-    assert_match %r{"name": "David"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"id":1}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"David"}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"author_id": 1}, json
-    assert_match %r{"title": "Welcome to the weblog"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"body": "Such a lovely day"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"author_id":1}, json
+    assert_match %r{"title":"Welcome to the weblog"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"body":"Such a lovely day"}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"title": "So I was thinking"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"body": "Like I hopefully always am"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"title":"So I was thinking"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"body":"Like I hopefully always am"}, json
   end
 
   def test_includes_uses_association_name_and_applies_attribute_filters
     json = @david.to_json(:include => { :posts => { :only => :title } })
 
-    assert_match %r{"name": "David"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"posts": \[}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"David"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"posts":\[}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"title": "Welcome to the weblog"}, json
-    assert_no_match %r{"body": "Such a lovely day"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"title":"Welcome to the weblog"}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"body":"Such a lovely day"}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"title": "So I was thinking"}, json
-    assert_no_match %r{"body": "Like I hopefully always am"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"title":"So I was thinking"}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"body":"Like I hopefully always am"}, json
   end
 
   def test_includes_fetches_second_level_associations
     json = @david.to_json(:include => { :posts => { :include => { :comments => { :only => :body } } } })
 
-    assert_match %r{"name": "David"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"posts": \[}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"David"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"posts":\[}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"comments": \[}, json
-    assert_match %r{\{"body": "Thank you again for the welcome"\}}, json
-    assert_match %r{\{"body": "Don't think too hard"\}}, json
-    assert_no_match %r{"post_id": }, json
+    assert_match %r{"comments":\[}, json
+    assert_match %r{\{"body":"Thank you again for the welcome"\}}, json
+    assert_match %r{\{"body":"Don't think too hard"\}}, json
+    assert_no_match %r{"post_id":}, json
   end
 
   def test_includes_fetches_nth_level_associations
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ class DatabaseConnectedJsonEncodingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
         }
     })
 
-    assert_match %r{"name": "David"}, json
-    assert_match %r{"posts": \[}, json
+    assert_match %r{"name":"David"}, json
+    assert_match %r{"posts":\[}, json
 
-    assert_match %r{"taggings": \[}, json
-    assert_match %r{"tag": \{"name": "General"\}}, json
+    assert_match %r{"taggings":\[}, json
+    assert_match %r{"tag":\{"name":"General"\}}, json
   end
 
   def test_should_not_call_methods_on_associations_that_dont_respond
@@ -163,20 +163,20 @@ class DatabaseConnectedJsonEncodingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
     json = @david.to_json(:include => :posts, :methods => :favorite_quote)
 
     assert !@david.posts.first.respond_to?(:favorite_quote)
-    assert_match %r{"favorite_quote": "Constraints are liberating"}, json
-    assert_equal %r{"favorite_quote": }.match(json).size, 1
+    assert_match %r{"favorite_quote":"Constraints are liberating"}, json
+    assert_equal %r{"favorite_quote":}.match(json).size, 1
   end
 
   def test_should_allow_only_option_for_list_of_authors
     authors = [@david, @mary]
 
-    assert_equal %([{"name": "David"}, {"name": "Mary"}]), authors.to_json(:only => :name)
+    assert_equal %([{"name":"David"},{"name":"Mary"}]), authors.to_json(:only => :name)
   end
 
   def test_should_allow_except_option_for_list_of_authors
     authors = [@david, @mary]
 
-    assert_equal %([{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]), authors.to_json(:except => [:name, :author_address_id, :author_address_extra_id])
+    assert_equal %([{"id":1},{"id":2}]), authors.to_json(:except => [:name, :author_address_id, :author_address_extra_id])
   end
 
   def test_should_allow_includes_for_list_of_authors
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ class DatabaseConnectedJsonEncodingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       }
     )
 
-    ['"name": "David"', '"posts": [', '{"id": 1}', '{"id": 2}', '{"id": 4}',
-     '{"id": 5}', '{"id": 6}', '"name": "Mary"', '"posts": [{"id": 7}]'].each do |fragment|
+    ['"name":"David"', '"posts":[', '{"id":1}', '{"id":2}', '{"id":4}',
+     '{"id":5}', '{"id":6}', '"name":"Mary"', '"posts":[{"id":7}]'].each do |fragment|
       assert json.include?(fragment), json
      end
   end
@@ -200,6 +200,6 @@ class DatabaseConnectedJsonEncodingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
       2 => @mary
     }
 
-    assert_equal %({"1": {"name": "David"}}), authors_hash.to_json(:only => [1, :name])
+    assert_equal %({"1":{"name":"David"}}), authors_hash.to_json(:only => [1, :name])
   end
 end
diff --git a/activeresource/lib/active_resource/base.rb b/activeresource/lib/active_resource/base.rb
index 6cb5beb789..2e742267ba 100644
--- a/activeresource/lib/active_resource/base.rb
+++ b/activeresource/lib/active_resource/base.rb
@@ -887,9 +887,12 @@ module ActiveResource
     #   person.to_json(:except => ["first_name"])
     #   # => {"last_name": "Smith"}
     def to_json(options={})
-      attributes.to_json(options)
+      ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(attributes, options)
     end
 
+    # For compatibility with ActiveSupport::JSON.encode
+    alias rails_to_json to_json
+
     # Returns the serialized string representation of the resource in the configured
     # serialization format specified in ActiveResource::Base.format. The options
     # applicable depend on the configured encoding format.
diff --git a/activesupport/CHANGELOG b/activesupport/CHANGELOG
index cd7b47d780..ca5ab13a46 100644
--- a/activesupport/CHANGELOG
+++ b/activesupport/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 *Edge*
 
+* Add ActiveSupport.parse_json_times to disable time parsing in JSON backends that don't support it or don't need it. [rick]
+
+* Add pluggable JSON backends with support for the JSON gem. [rick]
+    Example: ActiveSupport::JSON.backend = "JSONGem"
+
+ All internal Rails JSON encoding is now handled by ActiveSupport::JSON.encode().  Use of #to_json is not recommended, as it may clash with other libraries that overwrite it.  However, you can recover Rails specific functionality
+ if you really want to use #to_json.
+
+    gem 'json'
+    ActiveSupport::JSON.backend = "JSONGem"
+
+    class ActiveRecord::Base
+      alias to_json rails_to_json
+    end
+
 * require 'active_support' no longer orders the whole menu of core extensions. Ask for just what you need: e.g. require 'active_support/core/time' to use timezones, durations, and stdlib date/time extensions. [Jeremy Kemper]
 
 * Removed rarely-used DRb cache store.  [Jeremy Kemper]
diff --git a/activesupport/Rakefile b/activesupport/Rakefile
index f7fd52c7d8..a4e8200a43 100644
--- a/activesupport/Rakefile
+++ b/activesupport/Rakefile
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ Rake::TestTask.new { |t|
   t.verbose = true
   t.warning = true
 }
+task :isolated_test do 
+  Dir['test/**/*_test.rb'].all? do |file|
+    ruby = File.join(*RbConfig::CONFIG.values_at('bindir', 'RUBY_INSTALL_NAME'))
+    system(ruby, '-Ilib:test', file)
+  end or raise "Failures"
+end
 
 # Create compressed packages
 dist_dirs = [ "lib", "test"]
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
index 4b2eebb007..feb6b1f2cf 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ require 'benchmark'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/benchmark'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/exception'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors'
+require 'active_support/core_ext' # FIXME: pulling in all to_param extensions
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # See ActiveSupport::Cache::Store for documentation.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
index 84d9a0e6d8..4bbcd8e4c4 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache
     module Strategy
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
index 4bac8292e2..f049189b9a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   # Callbacks are hooks into the lifecycle of an object that allow you to trigger logic
   # before or after an alteration of the object state.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
index 81e466779e..5f1ce4142f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+
 class Array
   # Converts the array to a comma-separated sentence where the last element is joined by the connector word. Options:
   # * <tt>:words_connector</tt> - The sign or word used to join the elements in arrays with two or more elements (default: ", ")
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ class Array
     raise "Not all elements respond to to_xml" unless all? { |e| e.respond_to? :to_xml }
     require 'builder' unless defined?(Builder)
 
-    options[:root]     ||= all? { |e| e.is_a?(first.class) && first.class.to_s != "Hash" } ? first.class.to_s.underscore.pluralize : "records"
+    options[:root]     ||= all? { |e| e.is_a?(first.class) && first.class.to_s != "Hash" } ? ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(first.class.name)) : "records"
     options[:children] ||= options[:root].singularize
     options[:indent]   ||= 2
     options[:builder]  ||= Builder::XmlMarkup.new(:indent => options[:indent])
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
index 75e481fc54..74ce85a1c2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
+
 # Extends the class object with class and instance accessors for class attributes,
 # just like the native attr* accessors for instance attributes.
 #
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
index b0784d8416..fd029544c3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/delegating_attributes.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 
 class Class
   def superclass_delegating_reader(*names)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes.rb
index 2f18666ab9..cca93a0b9f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
+
 # Retain for backward compatibility.  Methods are now included in Class.
 module ClassInheritableAttributes # :nodoc:
 end
@@ -216,4 +218,4 @@ class Class
     extlib_inheritable_reader(*syms)
     extlib_inheritable_writer(*syms)
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/removal.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/removal.rb
index 10660edb2c..2dea3c24d5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/removal.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/removal.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/extending'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/introspection'
+
 class Class #:nodoc:
   
   # Unassociates the class with its subclasses and removes the subclasses
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
index 59efdbd1b6..04a32edefd 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/duration'
+
 class Date
   class << self
     # Returns a new Date representing the date 1 day ago (i.e. yesterday's date).
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
index f6c870035b..54facf4430 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 require 'active_support/inflector'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions'
 
 class Date
   DATE_FORMATS = {
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
index 83a11da1c7..004fd0ad29 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-require 'date'
-
+require 'active_support/core_ext/time'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/acts_like'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time/conversions'
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
index fa171720f9..f9dddec687 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 require 'date'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/conversions'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class Hash
   # This module exists to decorate files deserialized using Hash.from_xml with
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
index 858da7aa07..22749229a3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-# Adds the 'around_level' method to Logger.
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors'
 
-class Logger
+# Adds the 'around_level' method to Logger.
+class Logger #:nodoc:
   def self.define_around_helper(level)
     module_eval <<-end_eval
       def around_#{level}(before_message, after_message, &block)  # def around_debug(before_message, after_message, &block)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
index b66c0d7500..d052bfed2d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ class Module
 
   alias_method :attr_internal, :attr_internal_accessor
 
-  private
-    mattr_accessor :attr_internal_naming_format
-    self.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
+  class << self; attr_accessor :attr_internal_naming_format end
+  self.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
 
+  private
     def attr_internal_ivar_name(attr)
-      attr_internal_naming_format % attr
+      Module.attr_internal_naming_format % attr
     end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
index 7708d573fa..23a1063901 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+
 class Module
   # Returns the name of the module containing this one.
   #
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ class Module
   #   p Module.new.parent # => Object
   #
   def parent
-    parent_name ? parent_name.constantize : Object
+    parent_name ? ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parent_name) : Object
   end
 
   # Returns all the parents of this module according to its name, ordered from
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class Module
     if parent_name
       parts = parent_name.split('::')
       until parts.empty?
-        parents << (parts * '::').constantize
+        parents << ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parts * '::')
         parts.pop
       end
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/model_naming.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/model_naming.rb
index 004b96a3c1..36fde87b23 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/model_naming.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/model_naming.rb
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   class ModelName < String
     attr_reader :singular, :plural, :cache_key, :partial_path
 
     def initialize(name)
       super
-      @singular = underscore.tr('/', '_').freeze
-      @plural = @singular.pluralize.freeze
+      @singular = ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(self).tr('/', '_').freeze
+      @plural = ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(@singular).freeze
       @cache_key = tableize.freeze
-      @partial_path = "#{@cache_key}/#{demodulize.underscore}".freeze
+      @partial_path = "#{@cache_key}/#{ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(ActiveSupport::Inflector.demodulize(self))}".freeze
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/synchronization.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/synchronization.rb
index 069db3fed0..f72d512340 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/synchronization.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/synchronization.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
+
 class Module
   # Synchronize access around a method, delegating synchronization to a
   # particular mutex. A mutex (either a Mutex, or any object that responds to 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
index 2955e8ff1d..d1062805c5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/numeric/time.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/duration'
+
 class Numeric
   # Enables the use of time calculations and declarations, like 45.minutes + 2.hours + 4.years.
   #
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
index 96385d2b87..04e8f06b3d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range/blockless_step.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range/blockless_step.rb
index f4792d03b7..db42ef5c47 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range/blockless_step.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/range/blockless_step.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
+
 class Range
   begin
     (1..2).step
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
index 39c2b1b8ed..3f05db62c3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'date'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/time/calculations'
 
 class String
   # 'a'.ord == 'a'[0] for Ruby 1.9 forward compatibility.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
index 0f0dfb2443..13208c6ee2 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
+require 'active_support/multibyte'
 
 class String
   unless '1.9'.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
index 1804c14618..855b720ef1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 require 'set'
 require 'thread'
-require 'active_support/inflector'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/name_error'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/introspection'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/load_error'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/name_error'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with'
+require 'active_support/inflector'
 
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Dependencies #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
index b35d4daf9a..b9eb539aa7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/method_wrappers.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing'
 
 module ActiveSupport
   class << Deprecation
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
index 1c268d0d9c..ec54efe08e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/deprecation/proxy_wrappers.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   module Deprecation
     class DeprecationProxy #:nodoc:
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
 
       private
         def target
-          @new_const.to_s.constantize
+          ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(@new_const.to_s)
         end
 
         def warn(callstack, called, args)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
index f64661c5b1..a33586f77f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'active_support/basic_object'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # Provides accurate date and time measurements using Date#advance and 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
index 614afa1bd6..ff70d6d76e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/inflector.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # encoding: utf-8
 require 'iconv'
-
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte'
 
 module ActiveSupport
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
index 91f19f8a70..fc433de582 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,37 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # If true, use ISO 8601 format for dates and times. Otherwise, fall back to the Active Support legacy format.
   mattr_accessor :use_standard_json_time_format
+  # Look for and parse json strings that look like ISO 8601 times.
+  mattr_accessor :parse_json_times
+
+  module JSON
+    # matches YAML-formatted dates
+    DATE_REGEX = /^(?:\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}|\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}[ \t]+\d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(\.[0-9]*)?(([ \t]*)Z|[-+]\d{2}?(:\d{2})?))$/
+
+    class << self
+      attr_reader :backend
+      delegate :decode, :to => :backend
+    
+      def backend=(name)
+        if name.is_a?(Module)
+          @backend = name
+        else
+          require "active_support/json/backends/#{name.to_s.downcase}.rb"
+          @backend = ActiveSupport::JSON::Backends::const_get(name)
+        end
+      end
+    
+      def with_backend(name)
+        old_backend, self.backend = backend, name
+        yield
+      ensure
+        self.backend = old_backend
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
   class << self
     def escape_html_entities_in_json
@@ -19,7 +48,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       @escape_html_entities_in_json = value
     end
   end
+
+  JSON.backend = 'Yaml'
 end
 
-require 'active_support/json/encoding'
-require 'active_support/json/decoding'
+require 'active_support/json/encoding'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/jsongem.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/jsongem.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de847e30a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/jsongem.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module ActiveSupport
+  module JSON
+    ParseError = ::JSON::ParserError
+
+    module Backends
+      module JSONGem
+        extend self
+
+        # Converts a JSON string into a Ruby object.
+        def decode(json)
+          data = ::JSON.parse(json)
+          if ActiveSupport.parse_json_times
+            convert_dates_from(data)
+          else
+            data
+          end
+        end
+
+      private
+        def convert_dates_from(data)
+          case data
+            when DATE_REGEX
+              DateTime.parse(data)
+            when Array
+              data.map! { |d| convert_dates_from(d) }
+            when Hash
+              data.each do |key, value|
+                data[key] = convert_dates_from(value)
+              end
+            else data
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/yaml.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/yaml.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7db508c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/backends/yaml.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with'
+
+module ActiveSupport
+  module JSON
+    class ParseError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    module Backends
+      module Yaml
+        extend self
+
+        # Converts a JSON string into a Ruby object.
+        def decode(json)
+          YAML.load(convert_json_to_yaml(json))
+        rescue ArgumentError => e
+          raise ParseError, "Invalid JSON string"
+        end
+    
+        protected
+          # Ensure that ":" and "," are always followed by a space
+          def convert_json_to_yaml(json) #:nodoc:
+            require 'strscan' unless defined? ::StringScanner
+            scanner, quoting, marks, pos, times = ::StringScanner.new(json), false, [], nil, []
+            while scanner.scan_until(/(\\['"]|['":,\\]|\\.)/)
+              case char = scanner[1]
+              when '"', "'"
+                if !quoting
+                  quoting = char
+                  pos = scanner.pos
+                elsif quoting == char
+                  if json[pos..scanner.pos-2] =~ DATE_REGEX
+                    # found a date, track the exact positions of the quotes so we can remove them later.
+                    # oh, and increment them for each current mark, each one is an extra padded space that bumps
+                    # the position in the final YAML output
+                    total_marks = marks.size
+                    times << pos+total_marks << scanner.pos+total_marks
+                  end
+                  quoting = false
+                end
+              when ":",","
+                marks << scanner.pos - 1 unless quoting
+              end
+            end
+
+            if marks.empty?
+              json.gsub(/\\([\\\/]|u[[:xdigit:]]{4})/) do
+                ustr = $1
+                if ustr.start_with?('u')
+                  [ustr[1..-1].to_i(16)].pack("U")
+                elsif ustr == '\\'
+                  '\\\\'
+                else
+                  ustr
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              left_pos  = [-1].push(*marks)
+              right_pos = marks << scanner.pos + scanner.rest_size
+              output    = []
+              left_pos.each_with_index do |left, i|
+                scanner.pos = left.succ
+                output << scanner.peek(right_pos[i] - scanner.pos + 1).gsub(/\\([\\\/]|u[[:xdigit:]]{4})/) do
+                  ustr = $1
+                  if ustr.start_with?('u')
+                    [ustr[1..-1].to_i(16)].pack("U")
+                  elsif ustr == '\\'
+                    '\\\\'
+                  else
+                    ustr
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+              output = output * " "
+
+              times.each { |i| output[i-1] = ' ' }
+              output.gsub!(/\\\//, '/')
+              output
+            end
+          end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 70e9f40fc7..0000000000
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/decoding.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-require 'active_support/core_ext/string/starts_ends_with'
-
-module ActiveSupport
-  module JSON
-    class ParseError < StandardError
-    end
-    
-    class << self
-      # Converts a JSON string into a Ruby object.
-      def decode(json)
-        YAML.load(convert_json_to_yaml(json))
-      rescue ArgumentError => e
-        raise ParseError, "Invalid JSON string"
-      end
-      
-      protected
-        # matches YAML-formatted dates
-        DATE_REGEX = /^(?:\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}|\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}[ \t]+\d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(\.[0-9]*)?(([ \t]*)Z|[-+]\d{2}?(:\d{2})?)?)$/
-
-        # Ensure that ":" and "," are always followed by a space
-        def convert_json_to_yaml(json) #:nodoc:
-          require 'strscan' unless defined? ::StringScanner
-          scanner, quoting, marks, pos, times = ::StringScanner.new(json), false, [], nil, []
-          while scanner.scan_until(/(\\['"]|['":,\\]|\\.)/)
-            case char = scanner[1]
-            when '"', "'"
-              if !quoting
-                quoting = char
-                pos = scanner.pos
-              elsif quoting == char
-                if json[pos..scanner.pos-2] =~ DATE_REGEX
-                  # found a date, track the exact positions of the quotes so we can remove them later.
-                  # oh, and increment them for each current mark, each one is an extra padded space that bumps
-                  # the position in the final YAML output
-                  total_marks = marks.size
-                  times << pos+total_marks << scanner.pos+total_marks
-                end
-                quoting = false
-              end
-            when ":",","
-              marks << scanner.pos - 1 unless quoting
-            end
-          end
-
-          if marks.empty?
-            json.gsub(/\\([\\\/]|u[[:xdigit:]]{4})/) do
-              ustr = $1
-              if ustr.start_with?('u')
-                [ustr[1..-1].to_i(16)].pack("U")
-              elsif ustr == '\\'
-                '\\\\'
-              else
-                ustr
-              end
-            end
-          else
-            left_pos  = [-1].push(*marks)
-            right_pos = marks << scanner.pos + scanner.rest_size
-            output    = []
-            left_pos.each_with_index do |left, i|
-              scanner.pos = left.succ
-              output << scanner.peek(right_pos[i] - scanner.pos + 1).gsub(/\\([\\\/]|u[[:xdigit:]]{4})/) do
-                ustr = $1
-                if ustr.start_with?('u')
-                  [ustr[1..-1].to_i(16)].pack("U")
-                elsif ustr == '\\'
-                  '\\\\'
-                else
-                  ustr
-                end
-              end
-            end
-            output = output * " "
-            
-            times.each { |i| output[i-1] = ' ' }
-            output.gsub!(/\\\//, '/')
-            output
-          end
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date.rb
index cc84de1388..79c3957362 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date.rb
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ class Date
   #   # With ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = false
   #   Date.new(2005,2,1).to_json
   #   # => "2005/02/01"
-  def to_json(options = nil)
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil)
     if ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format
       %("#{strftime("%Y-%m-%d")}")
     else
       %("#{strftime("%Y/%m/%d")}")
     end
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date_time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date_time.rb
index 6c85824105..cdfc39b9f3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date_time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/date_time.rb
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ class DateTime
   #   # With ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = false
   #   DateTime.civil(2005,2,1,15,15,10).to_json
   #   # => "2005/02/01 15:15:10 +0000"
-  def to_json(options = nil)
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil)
     if ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format
       xmlschema.inspect
     else
       strftime('"%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S %z"')
     end
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/enumerable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/enumerable.rb
index 881b1d62c1..e1c3ec249d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/enumerable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/enumerable.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ module Enumerable
   #   # => users.to_json(:only => :name)
   #
   # will pass the <tt>:only => :name</tt> option to each user.
-  def to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
-    "[#{map { |value| ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(value, options) } * ', '}]"
+  def rails_to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
+    "[#{map { |value| ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(value, options) } * ','}]"
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/false_class.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/false_class.rb
index bf0844334b..a7657cca37 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/false_class.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/false_class.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class FalseClass
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     'false'
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/hash.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/hash.rb
index d87b880743..19b97d7b8c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/hash.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/hash.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Hash
   # would pass the <tt>:include => :posts</tt> option to <tt>users</tt>,
   # allowing the posts association in the User model to be converted to JSON
   # as well.
-  def to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
     hash_keys = self.keys
 
     if except = options[:except]
@@ -41,8 +41,10 @@ class Hash
 
     result = '{'
     result << hash_keys.map do |key|
-      "#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(key.to_s)}: #{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(self[key], options)}"
-    end * ', '
+      "#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(key.to_s)}:#{ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(self[key], options)}"
+    end * ','
     result << '}'
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/nil_class.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/nil_class.rb
index 4763471ac4..b31e1dd249 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/nil_class.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/nil_class.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class NilClass
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     'null'
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/numeric.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/numeric.rb
index 38713fb369..491b330c39 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/numeric.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/numeric.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class Numeric
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     to_s
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/object.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/object.rb
index 0475967aee..d68f50562e 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/object.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/object.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ require 'active_support/core_ext/object/instance_variables'
 
 class Object
   # Dumps object in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). See www.json.org for more info.
-  def to_json(options = {})
+  def rails_to_json(options = {})
     ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(instance_values, options)
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/regexp.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/regexp.rb
index b6116b70b5..63ccd7c490 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/regexp.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/regexp.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class Regexp
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     inspect
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/string.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/string.rb
index 5ef797955a..27bef3b9cc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/string.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/string.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ end
 ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json = true
 
 class String
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     json = '"' + gsub(ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.escape_regex) { |s|
       ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding::ESCAPED_CHARS[s]
     }
@@ -33,4 +33,6 @@ class String
       s.unpack("U*").pack("n*").unpack("H*")[0].gsub(/.{4}/, '\\\\u\&')
     } + '"'
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/symbol.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/symbol.rb
index 485112f97c..6487bf8cb7 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/symbol.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/symbol.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class Symbol
-  def to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = {}) #:nodoc:
     ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(to_s, options)
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/time.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/time.rb
index f45a0059e8..2699672949 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/time.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/time.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/time/conversions'
+
 class Time
   # Returns a JSON string representing the time. If ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format is set to true, the
   # ISO 8601 format is used.
@@ -11,11 +13,13 @@ class Time
   #   # With ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = false
   #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).to_json
   #   # => "2005/02/01 15:15:10 +0000"
-  def to_json(options = nil)
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil)
     if ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format
       xmlschema.inspect
     else
       %("#{strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false)}")
     end
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/true_class.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/true_class.rb
index 037d812b3f..ac7c7d1e87 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/true_class.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoders/true_class.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 class TrueClass
-  def to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
+  def rails_to_json(options = nil) #:nodoc:
     'true'
   end
+
+  alias to_json rails_to_json
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
index aaaa3cdfd2..42a217cedc 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/encoding.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
       seen = (options[:seen] ||= [])
       raise CircularReferenceError, 'object references itself' if seen.include?(value)
       seen << value
-      value.send(:to_json, options)
+      value.send(:rails_to_json, options)
     ensure
       seen.pop
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/variable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/variable.rb
index 7fd23b0a9e..3ee152ee3c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/variable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/json/variable.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   module JSON
     # A string that returns itself as its JSON-encoded form.
     class Variable < String
-      def to_json(options=nil)
+      def rails_to_json(options=nil)
         self
       end
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/memoizable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/memoizable.rb
index 2b85fd7be4..edf626802a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/memoizable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/memoizable.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/metaclass'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   module SafelyMemoizable
     def safely_memoize(*symbols)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
index 65a96af49a..d8d58f3bce 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/multibyte.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ require 'active_support/multibyte/chars'
 require 'active_support/multibyte/exceptions'
 require 'active_support/multibyte/unicode_database'
 
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
+
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Multibyte
     # A list of all available normalization forms. See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-29.html for more
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/new_callbacks.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/new_callbacks.rb
index 356d70b650..7a48dbac04 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/new_callbacks.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/new_callbacks.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   # Callbacks are hooks into the lifecycle of an object that allow you to trigger logic
   # before or after an alteration of the object state.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/assertions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/assertions.rb
index ca51adba1e..c529b92240 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/assertions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/assertions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   module Testing
     module Assertions
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
index aa448debda..1949ce0ad3 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb
@@ -130,14 +130,16 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   # With ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = false
     #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone.to_json
     #   # => "2005/02/01 15:15:10 +0000"
-    def to_json(options = nil)
-      if ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format
+    def rails_to_json(options = nil)
+      if !ActiveSupport.respond_to?(:use_standard_json_time_format) || ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format
         xmlschema.inspect
       else
         %("#{time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false)}")
       end
     end
 
+    alias to_json rails_to_json
+
     def to_yaml(options = {})
       if options.kind_of?(YAML::Emitter)
         utc.to_yaml(options)
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
index ccd1349491..f22fbcc0e1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+
 module ActiveSupport
   # = XmlMini
   #
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
index 771109514c..5033210aae 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/xml_mini/rexml.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
+
 # = XmlMini ReXML implementation
 module ActiveSupport
   module XmlMini_REXML #:nodoc:
diff --git a/activesupport/test/buffered_logger_test.rb b/activesupport/test/buffered_logger_test.rb
index d48c7fcc54..7a0ec2e910 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/buffered_logger_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/buffered_logger_test.rb
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ require 'fileutils'
 require 'active_support/buffered_logger'
 
 class BufferedLoggerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  Logger = ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger
+
   def setup
     @message = "A debug message"
     @integer_message = 12345
     @output  = StringIO.new
-    @logger  = ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger.new(@output)
+    @logger  = Logger.new(@output)
   end
 
   def test_should_log_debugging_message_when_debugging
@@ -76,9 +78,9 @@ class BufferedLoggerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
 
     define_method "test_disabling_auto_flush_with_#{disable.inspect}_should_flush_at_max_buffer_size_as_failsafe" do
       @logger.auto_flushing = disable
-      assert_equal ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, @logger.auto_flushing
+      assert_equal Logger::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, @logger.auto_flushing
 
-      (ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - 1).times do
+      (Logger::MAX_BUFFER_SIZE - 1).times do
         @logger.info 'wait for it..'
         assert @output.string.empty?, @output.string
       end
@@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ class BufferedLoggerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_should_know_if_its_loglevel_is_below_a_given_level
-    ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger::Severity.constants.each do |level|
-      @logger.level = ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger::Severity.const_get(level) - 1
+    Logger::Severity.constants.each do |level|
+      @logger.level = Logger::Severity.const_get(level) - 1
       assert @logger.send("#{level.downcase}?"), "didn't know if it was #{level.downcase}? or below"
     end
   end
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ class BufferedLoggerTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
     tmp_directory = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "tmp")
     log_file = File.join(tmp_directory, "development.log")
     assert !File.exist?(tmp_directory)
-    @logger  = ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger.new(log_file)
+    @logger  = Logger.new(log_file)
     assert File.exist?(tmp_directory)
   ensure
     FileUtils.rm_rf(tmp_directory)
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/array_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/array_ext_test.rb
index 112cb998b1..24d33896ce 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/array_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/array_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/array'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/conversions'
+
+require 'active_support/core_ext' # FIXME: pulling in all to_xml extensions
 
 class ArrayExtAccessTests < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_from
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/blank_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/blank_test.rb
index 00fea74639..1dbbf3ff30 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/blank_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/blank_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 
 class EmptyTrue
   def empty?() true; end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/attribute_accessor_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/attribute_accessor_test.rb
index 85d0dd89e2..2214ba9894 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/attribute_accessor_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/attribute_accessor_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors'
 
 class ClassAttributeAccessorTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/class_inheritable_attributes_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/class_inheritable_attributes_test.rb
index 7f859772e7..eeda468d9c 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/class_inheritable_attributes_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/class/class_inheritable_attributes_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/inheritable_attributes'
 
 class ClassInheritableAttributesTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/date_time_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/date_time_ext_test.rb
index 45eb52c720..a7b179b2be 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/date_time_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/date_time_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/date_time'
 
 class DateTimeExtCalculationsTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_to_s
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/duplicable_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/duplicable_test.rb
index 8b6127f31e..6e1f876959 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/duplicable_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/duplicable_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'bigdecimal'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
 
 class DuplicableTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   NO  = [nil, false, true, :symbol, 1, 2.3, BigDecimal.new('4.56'), Class.new]
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/duration_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/duration_test.rb
index d4a4627e3e..ea6979bc6b 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/duration_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/duration_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class DurationTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   def test_inspect
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/exception_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/exception_test.rb
index dabd8c7c06..e63842c0bd 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/exception_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/exception_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/exception'
 
 class ExceptionExtTests < Test::Unit::TestCase
 
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/hash_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/hash_ext_test.rb
index bbb1c631f9..d65a5323bf 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/hash_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/hash_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash'
+require 'bigdecimal'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/access'
 
 class HashExtTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_accessor_with_default_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_accessor_with_default_test.rb
index 7c59348af9..7c0d0bb242 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_accessor_with_default_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_accessor_with_default_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attr_accessor_with_default'
 
 class AttrAccessorWithDefaultTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_internal_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_internal_test.rb
index 52833019e7..93578c9610 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_internal_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attr_internal_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal'
 
 class AttrInternalTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
@@ -37,8 +38,8 @@ class AttrInternalTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_naming_format
-    assert_equal '@_%s', @target.attr_internal_naming_format
-    assert_nothing_raised { @target.attr_internal_naming_format = '@abc%sdef' }
+    assert_equal '@_%s', Module.attr_internal_naming_format
+    assert_nothing_raised { Module.attr_internal_naming_format = '@abc%sdef' }
     @target.attr_internal :foo
 
     assert !@instance.instance_variable_defined?('@_foo')
@@ -47,6 +48,6 @@ class AttrInternalTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
     assert !@instance.instance_variable_defined?('@_foo')
     assert @instance.instance_variable_defined?('@abcfoodef')
   ensure
-    @target.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
+    Module.attr_internal_naming_format = '@_%s'
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attribute_accessor_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attribute_accessor_test.rb
index 96975085cf..bd9461e62c 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attribute_accessor_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/attribute_accessor_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
 
 class ModuleAttributeAccessorTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/model_naming_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/model_naming_test.rb
index d08349dd97..da3b6c4932 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/model_naming_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/model_naming_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/model_naming'
 
 class ModelNamingTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/name_error_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/name_error_test.rb
index bae004809f..10913e2ade 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/name_error_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/name_error_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/name_error'
 
 class NameErrorTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_name_error_should_set_missing_name
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/numeric_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/numeric_ext_test.rb
index 9cca4d3aaf..74b086fa9c 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/numeric_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/numeric_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
-
-require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/numeric'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/integer'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class NumericExtTimeAndDateTimeTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/object_and_class_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/object_and_class_ext_test.rb
index c919698c0f..8869b053e6 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/object_and_class_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/object_and_class_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/class/removal'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class ClassA; end
 class ClassB < ClassA; end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/proc_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/proc_test.rb
index 29f85371de..dc7b2c957d 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/proc_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/proc_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/proc'
 
 class ProcTests < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_bind_returns_method_with_changed_self
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/range_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/range_ext_test.rb
index 76e05e9954..2565c56b8a 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/range_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/range_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/range'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/date/conversions'
 
 class RangeTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_to_s_from_dates
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/string_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/string_ext_test.rb
index a357ba5852..237a843f9a 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/string_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/string_ext_test.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'inflector_test_cases'
 
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/time'
 
 class StringInflectionsTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   include InflectorTestCases
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_ext_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_ext_test.rb
index 8ee4904036..3bf7b789ce 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_ext_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_ext_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class TimeExtCalculationsTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_seconds_since_midnight
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_with_zone_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_with_zone_test.rb
index 3dec4c95f4..0380c28c17 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_with_zone_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/time_with_zone_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/time_with_zone'
+require 'active_support/json'
 
 class TimeWithZoneTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
 
@@ -56,12 +57,12 @@ class TimeWithZoneTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_to_json
-    assert_equal "\"1999/12/31 19:00:00 -0500\"", @twz.to_json
+    assert_equal "\"1999/12/31 19:00:00 -0500\"", ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(@twz)
   end
 
   def test_to_json_with_use_standard_json_time_format_config_set_to_true
     old, ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format, true
-    assert_equal "\"1999-12-31T19:00:00-05:00\"", @twz.to_json
+    assert_equal "\"1999-12-31T19:00:00-05:00\"", ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(@twz)
   ensure
     ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = old
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb b/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
index 01c1d67f4c..99c53924c2 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'pp'
 require 'active_support/dependencies'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/loading'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
 
 module ModuleWithMissing
   mattr_accessor :missing_count
diff --git a/activesupport/test/i18n_test.rb b/activesupport/test/i18n_test.rb
index 7535f4ad7a..2a08abfb3e 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/i18n_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/i18n_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/conversions'
 
 class I18nTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/inflector_test.rb b/activesupport/test/inflector_test.rb
index 6b9fbd3156..8c4d831a39 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/inflector_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/inflector_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/inflector'
+
 require 'inflector_test_cases'
 
 module Ace
diff --git a/activesupport/test/json/decoding_test.rb b/activesupport/test/json/decoding_test.rb
index 9b4b207c88..7e1bfcca84 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/json/decoding_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/json/decoding_test.rb
@@ -1,49 +1,75 @@
 # encoding: UTF-8
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/json'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
 
 class TestJSONDecoding < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   TESTS = {
     %q({"returnTo":{"\/categories":"\/"}})        => {"returnTo" => {"/categories" => "/"}},
-    %q({returnTo:{"\/categories":"\/"}})          => {"returnTo" => {"/categories" => "/"}},
     %q({"return\\"To\\":":{"\/categories":"\/"}}) => {"return\"To\":" => {"/categories" => "/"}},
     %q({"returnTo":{"\/categories":1}})          => {"returnTo" => {"/categories" => 1}},
     %({"returnTo":[1,"a"]})                    => {"returnTo" => [1, "a"]},
     %({"returnTo":[1,"\\"a\\",", "b"]})        => {"returnTo" => [1, "\"a\",", "b"]},
-    %({a: "'", "b": "5,000"})                  => {"a" => "'", "b" => "5,000"},
-    %({a: "a's, b's and c's", "b": "5,000"})   => {"a" => "a's, b's and c's", "b" => "5,000"},
+    %({"a": "'", "b": "5,000"})                  => {"a" => "'", "b" => "5,000"},
+    %({"a": "a's, b's and c's", "b": "5,000"})   => {"a" => "a's, b's and c's", "b" => "5,000"},
     # multibyte
     %({"matzue": "松江", "asakusa": "浅草"}) => {"matzue" => "松江", "asakusa" => "浅草"},
-    %({a: "2007-01-01"})                       => {'a' => Date.new(2007, 1, 1)}, 
-    %({a: "2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z"})            => {'a' => Time.utc(2007, 1, 1, 1, 12, 34)}, 
+    %({"a": "2007-01-01"})                       => {'a' => Date.new(2007, 1, 1)}, 
+    %({"a": "2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z"})            => {'a' => Time.utc(2007, 1, 1, 1, 12, 34)}, 
     # no time zone
-    %({a: "2007-01-01 01:12:34"})              => {'a' => "2007-01-01 01:12:34"}, 
+    %({"a": "2007-01-01 01:12:34"})              => {'a' => "2007-01-01 01:12:34"}, 
     # needs to be *exact*
-    %({a: " 2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z "})          => {'a' => " 2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z "},
-    %({a: "2007-01-01 : it's your birthday"})  => {'a' => "2007-01-01 : it's your birthday"},
+    %({"a": " 2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z "})          => {'a' => " 2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z "},
+    %({"a": "2007-01-01 : it's your birthday"})  => {'a' => "2007-01-01 : it's your birthday"},
     %([])    => [],
     %({})    => {},
-    %(1)     => 1,
-    %("")    => "",
-    %("\\"") => "\"",
-    %(null)  => nil,
-    %(true)  => true,
-    %(false) => false,
-    %q("http:\/\/test.host\/posts\/1") => "http://test.host/posts/1",
-    %q("\u003cunicode\u0020escape\u003e") => "<unicode escape>",
-    %q("\\\\u0020skip double backslashes") => "\\u0020skip double backslashes",
-    %q({a: "\u003cbr /\u003e"}) => {'a' => "<br />"},
-    %q({b:["\u003ci\u003e","\u003cb\u003e","\u003cu\u003e"]}) => {'b' => ["<i>","<b>","<u>"]}
+    %({"a":1})     => {"a" => 1},
+    %({"a": ""})    => {"a" => ""},
+    %({"a":"\\""}) => {"a" => "\""},
+    %({"a": null})  => {"a" => nil},
+    %({"a": true})  => {"a" => true},
+    %({"a": false}) => {"a" => false},
+    %q({"a": "http:\/\/test.host\/posts\/1"}) => {"a" => "http://test.host/posts/1"},
+    %q({"a": "\u003cunicode\u0020escape\u003e"}) => {"a" => "<unicode escape>"},
+    %q({"a": "\\\\u0020skip double backslashes"}) => {"a" => "\\u0020skip double backslashes"},
+    %q({"a": "\u003cbr /\u003e"}) => {'a' => "<br />"},
+    %q({"b":["\u003ci\u003e","\u003cb\u003e","\u003cu\u003e"]}) => {'b' => ["<i>","<b>","<u>"]}
   }
-  
-  TESTS.each do |json, expected|
-    test "json decodes #{json}" do
-      assert_nothing_raised do
-        assert_equal expected, ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(json)
+
+  backends = %w(Yaml)
+  begin
+    gem 'json', '>= 1.1'
+    require 'json'
+    backends << "JSONGem"
+  rescue Gem::LoadError
+    # Skip JSON gem tests
+  end
+
+  backends.each do |backend|
+    TESTS.each do |json, expected|
+      test "json decodes #{json} with the #{backend} backend" do
+        ActiveSupport.parse_json_times = true
+        silence_warnings do
+          ActiveSupport::JSON.with_backend backend do
+            assert_nothing_raised do
+              assert_equal expected, ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(json)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  if backends.include?("JSONGem")
+    test "json decodes time json with time parsing disabled" do
+      ActiveSupport.parse_json_times = false
+      expected = {"a" => "2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z"}
+      ActiveSupport::JSON.with_backend "JSONGem" do
+        assert_equal expected, ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(%({"a": "2007-01-01 01:12:34 Z"}))
       end
     end
   end
-  
+
   def test_failed_json_decoding
     assert_raise(ActiveSupport::JSON::ParseError) { ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(%({: 1})) }
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/json/encoding_test.rb b/activesupport/test/json/encoding_test.rb
index 9e6b4fa501..db24b3d96a 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/json/encoding_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/json/encoding_test.rb
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ class TestJSONEncoding < Test::Unit::TestCase
                    [ 'a "string" with quotes & an ampersand', %("a \\"string\\" with quotes \\u0026 an ampersand") ],
                    [ 'http://test.host/posts/1', %("http://test.host/posts/1")]]
 
-  ArrayTests    = [[ ['a', 'b', 'c'],          %([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])          ],
-                   [ [1, 'a', :b, nil, false], %([1, \"a\", \"b\", null, false]) ]]
+  ArrayTests    = [[ ['a', 'b', 'c'],          %([\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"])          ],
+                   [ [1, 'a', :b, nil, false], %([1,\"a\",\"b\",null,false]) ]]
 
   SymbolTests   = [[ :a,     %("a")    ],
                    [ :this,  %("this") ],
                    [ :"a b", %("a b")  ]]
 
-  ObjectTests   = [[ Foo.new(1, 2), %({\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}) ]]
+  ObjectTests   = [[ Foo.new(1, 2), %({\"a\":1,\"b\":2}) ]]
 
   VariableTests = [[ ActiveSupport::JSON::Variable.new('foo'), 'foo'],
                    [ ActiveSupport::JSON::Variable.new('alert("foo")'), 'alert("foo")']]
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class TestJSONEncoding < Test::Unit::TestCase
         ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json  = class_tests !~ /^Standard/
         ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = class_tests =~ /^Standard/
         self.class.const_get(class_tests).each do |pair|
-          assert_equal pair.last, pair.first.to_json
+          assert_equal pair.last, ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(pair.first)
         end
       ensure
         ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json  = false
@@ -57,45 +57,45 @@ class TestJSONEncoding < Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_hash_encoding
-    assert_equal %({\"a\": \"b\"}), { :a => :b }.to_json
-    assert_equal %({\"a\": 1}), { 'a' => 1  }.to_json
-    assert_equal %({\"a\": [1, 2]}), { 'a' => [1,2] }.to_json
-    assert_equal %({"1": 2}), { 1 => 2 }.to_json
+    assert_equal %({\"a\":\"b\"}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:a => :b)
+    assert_equal %({\"a\":1}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode('a' => 1)
+    assert_equal %({\"a\":[1,2]}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode('a' => [1,2])
+    assert_equal %({"1":2}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(1 => 2)
 
-    sorted_json = '{' + {:a => :b, :c => :d}.to_json[1..-2].split(', ').sort.join(', ') + '}'
-    assert_equal %({\"a\": \"b\", \"c\": \"d\"}), sorted_json
+    sorted_json = '{' + ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(:a => :b, :c => :d)[1..-2].split(',').sort.join(',') + '}'
+    assert_equal %({\"a\":\"b\",\"c\":\"d\"}), sorted_json
   end
 
   def test_utf8_string_encoded_properly_when_kcode_is_utf8
     with_kcode 'UTF8' do
-      assert_equal '"\\u20ac2.99"', '€2.99'.to_json
-      assert_equal '"\\u270e\\u263a"', '✎☺'.to_json
+      assert_equal '"\\u20ac2.99"', ActiveSupport::JSON.encode('€2.99')
+      assert_equal '"\\u270e\\u263a"', ActiveSupport::JSON.encode('✎☺')
     end
   end
 
   def test_exception_raised_when_encoding_circular_reference
     a = [1]
     a << a
-    assert_raise(ActiveSupport::JSON::CircularReferenceError) { a.to_json }
+    assert_raise(ActiveSupport::JSON::CircularReferenceError) { ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(a) }
   end
 
   def test_hash_key_identifiers_are_always_quoted
     values = {0 => 0, 1 => 1, :_ => :_, "$" => "$", "a" => "a", :A => :A, :A0 => :A0, "A0B" => "A0B"}
-    assert_equal %w( "$" "A" "A0" "A0B" "_" "a" "0" "1" ).sort, object_keys(values.to_json)
+    assert_equal %w( "$" "A" "A0" "A0B" "_" "a" "0" "1" ).sort, object_keys(ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(values))
   end
 
   def test_hash_should_allow_key_filtering_with_only
-    assert_equal %({"a": 1}), { 'a' => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3 }.to_json(:only => 'a')
+    assert_equal %({"a":1}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode({'a' => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3}, :only => 'a')
   end
 
   def test_hash_should_allow_key_filtering_with_except
-    assert_equal %({"b": 2}), { 'foo' => 'bar', :b => 2, :c => 3 }.to_json(:except => ['foo', :c])
+    assert_equal %({"b":2}), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode({'foo' => 'bar', :b => 2, :c => 3}, :except => ['foo', :c])
   end
   
   def test_time_to_json_includes_local_offset
     ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = true
     with_env_tz 'US/Eastern' do
-      assert_equal %("2005-02-01T15:15:10-05:00"), Time.local(2005,2,1,15,15,10).to_json
+      assert_equal %("2005-02-01T15:15:10-05:00"), ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(Time.local(2005,2,1,15,15,10))
     end
   ensure
     ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = false
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TestJSONEncoding < Test::Unit::TestCase
           :latitude => 123.234
         }
       }
-      result = hash.to_json
+      result = ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(hash)
     end
   end
 
@@ -134,6 +134,6 @@ class JsonOptionsTests < Test::Unit::TestCase
     ActiveSupport::JSON.expects(:encode).with(2, json_options)
     ActiveSupport::JSON.expects(:encode).with('foo', json_options)
 
-    [1, 2, 'foo'].to_json(json_options)
+    [1, 2, 'foo'].rails_to_json(json_options)
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/new_callbacks_test.rb b/activesupport/test/new_callbacks_test.rb
index 5cde078b65..abe7790ebf 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/new_callbacks_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/new_callbacks_test.rb
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ module NewCallbacksTest
 
     class << self
       def callback_symbol(callback_method)
-        returning(:"#{callback_method}_method") do |method_name|
-          define_method(method_name) do
-            history << [callback_method, :symbol]
-          end
+        method_name = :"#{callback_method}_method"
+        define_method(method_name) do
+          history << [callback_method, :symbol]
         end
+        method_name
       end
 
       def callback_string(callback_method)
@@ -381,4 +381,4 @@ module NewCallbacksTest
       assert_equal ["first", "second", "third", "second", "first"], terminator.history
     end
   end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/test_test.rb b/activesupport/test/test_test.rb
index d250b10822..40d3d612e7 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/test_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/test_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
 
 class AssertDifferenceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   def setup
diff --git a/activesupport/test/time_zone_test.rb b/activesupport/test/time_zone_test.rb
index 7e8047566e..87d6ccc30d 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/time_zone_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/time_zone_test.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core/time'
 
 class TimeZoneTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_utc_to_local
diff --git a/activesupport/test/xml_mini/nokogiri_engine_test.rb b/activesupport/test/xml_mini/nokogiri_engine_test.rb
index e5174a0b57..886a9d1aba 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/xml_mini/nokogiri_engine_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/xml_mini/nokogiri_engine_test.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/xml_mini'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions'
 
 begin
   gem 'nokogiri', '>= 1.1.1'
diff --git a/railties/test/gem_dependency_test.rb b/railties/test/gem_dependency_test.rb
index 189ad02b76..d9cd5148a3 100644
--- a/railties/test/gem_dependency_test.rb
+++ b/railties/test/gem_dependency_test.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class GemDependencyTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   def test_configuration_adds_gem_dependency
     config = Rails::Configuration.new
     config.gem "xaws-s3x", :lib => "aws/s3", :version => "0.4.0"
-    assert_equal [["install", "xaws-s3x", "--version", '"= 0.4.0"']], config.gems.collect(&:install_command)
+    assert_equal [["install", "xaws-s3x", "--version", '"= 0.4.0"']], config.gems.collect { |g| g.install_command }
   end
 
   def test_gem_creates_install_command
diff --git a/railties/test/plugin_locator_test.rb b/railties/test/plugin_locator_test.rb
index 471d9fc7c3..855ac7d82f 100644
--- a/railties/test/plugin_locator_test.rb
+++ b/railties/test/plugin_locator_test.rb
@@ -42,15 +42,15 @@ class PluginFileSystemLocatorTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
   end
 
   def test_should_return_all_plugins_found_under_the_set_plugin_paths
-    assert_equal ["a", "acts_as_chunky_bacon", "engine", "gemlike", "plugin_with_no_lib_dir", "stubby"].sort, @locator.plugins.map(&:name).sort
+    assert_equal ["a", "acts_as_chunky_bacon", "engine", "gemlike", "plugin_with_no_lib_dir", "stubby"].sort, @locator.plugins.map { |p| p.name }.sort
   end
 
   def test_should_find_plugins_only_under_the_plugin_paths_set_in_configuration
     @configuration.plugin_paths = [File.join(plugin_fixture_root_path, "default")]
-    assert_equal ["acts_as_chunky_bacon", "gemlike", "plugin_with_no_lib_dir", "stubby"].sort, @locator.plugins.map(&:name).sort
+    assert_equal ["acts_as_chunky_bacon", "gemlike", "plugin_with_no_lib_dir", "stubby"].sort, @locator.plugins.map { |p| p.name }.sort
   
     @configuration.plugin_paths = [File.join(plugin_fixture_root_path, "alternate")]
-    assert_equal ["a"], @locator.plugins.map(&:name)
+    assert_equal ["a"], @locator.plugins.map { |p| p.name }
   end
 
   def test_should_not_raise_any_error_and_return_no_plugins_if_the_plugin_path_value_does_not_exist
diff --git a/railties/test/plugin_test_helper.rb b/railties/test/plugin_test_helper.rb
index f8c094d19f..93d50dc07f 100644
--- a/railties/test/plugin_test_helper.rb
+++ b/railties/test/plugin_test_helper.rb
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ class Test::Unit::TestCase
     end
     
     def assert_plugins(list_of_names, array_of_plugins, message=nil)
-      assert_equal list_of_names.map(&:to_s), array_of_plugins.map(&:name), message
+      assert_equal list_of_names.map { |n| n.to_s }, array_of_plugins.map { |p| p.name }, message
     end    
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end