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authorJeremy Kemper <jeremy@bitsweat.net>2013-12-17 02:31:57 -0700
committerJeremy Kemper <jeremy@bitsweat.net>2013-12-17 02:31:57 -0700
commit1eee0ca6de975b42524105a59e0521d18b38ab81 (patch)
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parentc28d0f2031d31aeb5289b73acbb5c1adb7bd71d4 (diff)
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Introduce Module#concerning
A natural, low-ceremony way to separate responsibilities within a class. Imported from https://github.com/37signals/concerning#readme
-rw-r--r--activesupport/CHANGELOG.md47
-rw-r--r--activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb1
-rw-r--r--activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb136
-rw-r--r--activesupport/test/core_ext/module/concerning_test.rb35
4 files changed, 219 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md b/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md
index 994e44db00..1945572bf7 100644
--- a/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activesupport/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,50 @@
+* Introduce Module#concerning: a natural, low-ceremony way to separate
+ responsibilities within a class.
+
+ Imported from https://github.com/37signals/concerning#readme
+
+ class Todo < ActiveRecord::Base
+ concerning :EventTracking do
+ included do
+ has_many :events
+ end
+
+ def latest_event
+ ...
+ end
+
+ private
+ def some_internal_method
+ ...
+ end
+ end
+
+ concerning :Trashable do
+ def trashed?
+ ...
+ end
+
+ def latest_event
+ super some_option: true
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ is equivalent to defining these modules inline, extending them into
+ concerns, then mixing them in to the class.
+
+ Inline concerns tame "junk drawer" classes that intersperse many unrelated
+ class-level declarations, public instance methods, and private
+ implementation. Coalesce related bits and give them definition.
+ These are a stepping stone toward future growth & refactoring.
+
+ When to move on from an inline concern:
+ * Encapsulating state? Extract collaborator object.
+ * Encompassing more public behavior or implementation? Move to separate file.
+ * Sharing behavior among classes? Move to separate file.
+
+ *Jeremy Kemper*
+
* Fix file descriptor being leaked on each call to `Kernel.silence_stream`.
*Mario Visic*
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
index f2d4887df6..b4efff8b24 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ require 'active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/reachable'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/concerning'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation'
require 'active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method'
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e151e0ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/concerning.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+require 'active_support/concern'
+
+class Module
+ # = Bite-sized separation of concerns
+ #
+ # We often find ourselves with a medium-sized chunk of behavior that we'd
+ # like to extract, but only mix in to a single class.
+ #
+ # Extracting a plain old Ruby object to encapsulate it and collaborate or
+ # delegate to the original object is often a good choice, but when there's
+ # no additional state to encapsulate or we're making DSL-style declarations
+ # about the parent class, introducing new collaborators can obfuscate rather
+ # than simplify.
+ #
+ # The typical route is to just dump everything in a monolithic class, perhaps
+ # with a comment, as a least-bad alternative. Using modules in separate files
+ # means tedious sifting to get a big-picture view.
+ #
+ # = Dissatisfying ways to separate small concerns
+ #
+ # == Using comments:
+ #
+ # class Todo
+ # # Other todo implementation
+ # # ...
+ #
+ # ## Event tracking
+ # has_many :events
+ #
+ # before_create :track_creation
+ # after_destroy :track_deletion
+ #
+ # private
+ # def track_creation
+ # # ...
+ # end
+ # end
+ #
+ # == With an inline module:
+ #
+ # Noisy syntax.
+ #
+ # class Todo
+ # # Other todo implementation
+ # # ...
+ #
+ # module EventTracking
+ # extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+ #
+ # included do
+ # has_many :events
+ # before_create :track_creation
+ # after_destroy :track_deletion
+ # end
+ #
+ # private
+ # def track_creation
+ # # ...
+ # end
+ # end
+ # include EventTracking
+ # end
+ #
+ # == Mix-in noise exiled to its own file:
+ #
+ # Once our chunk of behavior starts pushing the scroll-to-understand it
+ # boundary, we give in and move it to a separate file. At this size, the
+ # overhead feels in good proportion to the size of our extraction, despite
+ # diluting our at-a-glance sense of how things really work.
+ #
+ # class Todo
+ # # Other todo implementation
+ # # ...
+ #
+ # include TodoEventTracking
+ # end
+ #
+ # = Introducing Module#concerning
+ #
+ # By quieting the mix-in noise, we arrive at a natural, low-ceremony way to
+ # separate bite-sized concerns.
+ #
+ # class Todo
+ # # Other todo implementation
+ # # ...
+ #
+ # concerning :EventTracking do
+ # included do
+ # has_many :events
+ # before_create :track_creation
+ # after_destroy :track_deletion
+ # end
+ #
+ # private
+ # def track_creation
+ # # ...
+ # end
+ # end
+ # end
+ #
+ # Todo.ancestors
+ # # => Todo, Todo::EventTracking, Object
+ #
+ # This small step has some wonderful ripple effects. We can
+ # * grok the behavior of our class in one glance,
+ # * clean up monolithic junk-drawer classes by separating their concerns, and
+ # * stop leaning on protected/private for crude "this is internal stuff" modularity.
+ module Concerning
+ # Define a new concern and mix it in.
+ def concerning(topic, &block)
+ include concern(topic, &block)
+ end
+
+ # A low-cruft shortcut to define a concern.
+ #
+ # concern :EventTracking do
+ # ...
+ # end
+ #
+ # is equivalent to
+ #
+ # module EventTracking
+ # extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+ #
+ # ...
+ # end
+ # include EventTracking
+ def concern(topic, &module_definition)
+ const_set topic, Module.new {
+ extend ::ActiveSupport::Concern
+ module_eval(&module_definition)
+ }
+ end
+ end
+ include Concerning
+end
diff --git a/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/concerning_test.rb b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/concerning_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6863b24a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activesupport/test/core_ext/module/concerning_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/concerning'
+
+class ConcerningTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+ def test_concern_shortcut_creates_a_module_but_doesnt_include_it
+ mod = Module.new { concern(:Foo) { } }
+ assert_kind_of Module, mod::Foo
+ assert mod::Foo.respond_to?(:included)
+ assert !mod.ancestors.include?(mod::Foo), mod.ancestors.inspect
+ end
+
+ def test_concern_creates_a_module_extended_with_active_support_concern
+ klass = Class.new do
+ concern :Foo do
+ included { @foo = 1 }
+ def should_be_public; end
+ end
+ end
+
+ # Declares a concern but doesn't include it
+ assert_kind_of Module, klass::Foo
+ assert !klass.ancestors.include?(klass::Foo), klass.ancestors.inspect
+
+ # Public method visibility by default
+ assert klass::Foo.public_instance_methods.map(&:to_s).include?('should_be_public')
+
+ # Calls included hook
+ assert_equal 1, Class.new { include klass::Foo }.instance_variable_get('@foo')
+ end
+
+ def test_concerning_declares_a_concern_and_includes_it_immediately
+ klass = Class.new { concerning(:Foo) { } }
+ assert klass.ancestors.include?(klass::Foo), klass.ancestors.inspect
+ end
+end