path: root/activerecord/test/cases/finder_test.rb

require "cases/helper"
require 'models/post'
require 'models/author'
require 'models/categorization'
require 'models/comment'
require 'models/company'
require 'models/topic'
require 'models/reply'
require 'models/entrant'
require 'models/project'
require 'models/developer'
require 'models/customer'
require 'models/toy'

class FinderTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
  fixtures :companies, :topics, :entrants, :developers, :developers_projects, :posts, :comments, :accounts, :authors, :customers, :categories, :categorizations

  def test_find_by_id_with_hash
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
      Post.find_by_id(:limit => 1)
    end
  end

  def test_find_by_title_and_id_with_hash
    assert_raises(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) do
      Post.find_by_title_and_id('foo', :limit => 1)
    end
  end

  def test_find
    assert_equal(topics(:first).title, Topic.find(1).title)
  end

  # find should handle strings that come from URLs
  # (example: Category.find(params[:id]))
  def test_find_with_string
    assert_equal(Topic.find(1).title,Topic.find("1").title)
  end

  def test_exists
    assert Topic.exists?(1)
    assert Topic.exists?("1")
    assert Topic.exists?(:author_name => "David")
    assert Topic.exists?(:author_name => "Mary", :approved => true)
    assert Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1])
    assert !Topic.exists?(45)
    assert !Topic.exists?(Topic.new)

    begin
      assert !Topic.exists?("foo")
    rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
      # PostgreSQL complains about string comparison with integer field
    rescue Exception
      flunk
    end

    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.exists?([1,2]) }
  end

  def test_exists_does_not_select_columns_without_alias
    assert_sql(/SELECT\W+1 AS one FROM ["`]topics["`]/i) do
      Topic.exists?
    end
  end

  def test_exists_returns_true_with_one_record_and_no_args
    assert Topic.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_returns_false_with_false_arg
    assert !Topic.exists?(false)
  end

  # exists? should handle nil for id's that come from URLs and always return false
  # (example: Topic.exists?(params[:id])) where params[:id] is nil
  def test_exists_with_nil_arg
    assert !Topic.exists?(nil)
    assert Topic.exists?
    assert !Topic.first.replies.exists?(nil)
    assert Topic.first.replies.exists?
  end

  # ensures +exists?+ runs valid SQL by excluding order value
  def test_exists_with_order
    assert Topic.order(:id).uniq.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_includes_limit_and_empty_result
    assert !Topic.includes(:replies).limit(0).exists?
    assert !Topic.includes(:replies).limit(1).where('0 = 1').exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_empty_table_and_no_args_given
    Topic.delete_all
    assert !Topic.exists?
  end

  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
    existing_address = customers(:david).address
    assert Customer.exists?(:address => existing_address)
  end

  def test_exists_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings_with_one_difference
    existing_address = customers(:david).address
    assert !Customer.exists?(:address =>
      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city, existing_address.country + "1"))
    assert !Customer.exists?(:address =>
      Address.new(existing_address.street, existing_address.city + "1", existing_address.country))
    assert !Customer.exists?(:address =>
      Address.new(existing_address.street + "1", existing_address.city, existing_address.country))
  end

  def test_exists_does_not_instantiate_records
    Developer.expects(:instantiate).never
    Developer.exists?
  end

  def test_find_by_array_of_one_id
    assert_kind_of(Array, Topic.find([ 1 ]))
    assert_equal(1, Topic.find([ 1 ]).length)
  end

  def test_find_by_ids
    assert_equal 2, Topic.find(1, 2).size
    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.find([2]).first.title
  end

  def test_find_by_ids_with_limit_and_offset
    assert_equal 2, Entrant.all.merge!(:limit => 2).find([1,3,2]).size
    assert_equal 1, Entrant.all.merge!(:limit => 3, :offset => 2).find([1,3,2]).size

    # Also test an edge case: If you have 11 results, and you set a
    #   limit of 3 and offset of 9, then you should find that there
    #   will be only 2 results, regardless of the limit.
    devs = Developer.all
    last_devs = Developer.all.merge!(:limit => 3, :offset => 9).find devs.map(&:id)
    assert_equal 2, last_devs.size
  end

  def test_find_an_empty_array
    assert_equal [], Topic.find([])
  end

  def test_find_doesnt_have_implicit_ordering
    assert_sql(/^((?!ORDER).)*$/) { Topic.find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_by_ids_missing_one
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find(1, 2, 45) }
  end

  def test_find_with_group_and_sanitized_having_method
    developers = Developer.group(:salary).having("sum(salary) > ?", 10000).select('salary').to_a
    assert_equal 3, developers.size
    assert_equal 3, developers.map(&:salary).uniq.size
    assert developers.all? { |developer| developer.salary > 10000 }
  end

  def test_find_with_entire_select_statement
    topics = Topic.find_by_sql "SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = 'Mary'"

    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
  end

  def test_find_with_prepared_select_statement
    topics = Topic.find_by_sql ["SELECT * FROM topics WHERE author_name = ?", "Mary"]

    assert_equal(1, topics.size)
    assert_equal(topics(:second).title, topics.first.title)
  end

  def test_find_by_sql_with_sti_on_joined_table
    accounts = Account.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM accounts INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = accounts.firm_id")
    assert_equal [Account], accounts.collect(&:class).uniq
  end

  def test_take
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.take
  end

  def test_take_failing
    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take
  end

  def test_take_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").take!
    end
  end

  def test_take_bang_missing
    assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").take!
    end
  end

  def test_first
    assert_equal topics(:second).title, Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first.title
  end

  def test_first_failing
    assert_nil Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day!'").first
  end

  def test_first_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").first!
    end
  end

  def test_first_bang_missing
    assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").first!
    end
  end

  def test_first_have_primary_key_order_by_default
    expected = topics(:first)
    expected.touch # PostgreSQL changes the default order if no order clause is used
    assert_equal expected, Topic.first
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_first_bang
    assert Topic.first!
    Topic.delete_all
    assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
      Topic.first!
    end
  end

  def test_last_bang_present
    assert_nothing_raised do
      assert_equal topics(:second), Topic.where("title = 'The Second Topic of the day'").last!
    end
  end

  def test_last_bang_missing
    assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
      Topic.where("title = 'This title does not exist'").last!
    end
  end

  def test_model_class_responds_to_last_bang
    assert_equal topics(:fourth), Topic.last!
    assert_raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do
      Topic.delete_all
      Topic.last!
    end
  end

  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_use_sql_limit
    assert_sql(/LIMIT 3|ROWNUM <= 3/) { Topic.take(3).entries }
    assert_sql(/LIMIT 2|ROWNUM <= 2/) { Topic.first(2).entries }
    assert_sql(/LIMIT 5|ROWNUM <= 5/) { Topic.last(5).entries }
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_keep_the_order
    assert_equal Topic.order("title").to_a.last(2), Topic.order("title").last(2)
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_order_should_not_use_sql_limit
    query = assert_sql { Topic.order("title").last(5).entries }
    assert_equal 1, query.length
    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
  end

  def test_last_with_integer_and_reorder_should_not_use_sql_limit
    query = assert_sql { Topic.reorder("title").last(5).entries }
    assert_equal 1, query.length
    assert_no_match(/LIMIT/, query.first)
  end

  def test_take_and_first_and_last_with_integer_should_return_an_array
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.take(5)
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.first(5)
    assert_kind_of Array, Topic.last(5)
  end

  def test_unexisting_record_exception_handling
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
      Topic.find(1).parent
    }

    Topic.find(2).topic
  end

  def test_find_only_some_columns
    topic = Topic.all.merge!(:select => "author_name").find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title}
    assert_raise(ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError) {topic.title?}
    assert_nil topic.read_attribute("title")
    assert_equal "David", topic.author_name
    assert !topic.attribute_present?("title")
    assert !topic.attribute_present?(:title)
    assert topic.attribute_present?("author_name")
    assert_respond_to topic, "author_name"
  end

  def test_find_on_array_conditions
    assert Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["approved = ?", false]).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["approved = ?", true]).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions
    assert Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :approved => false }).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :approved => true }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name
    assert Topic.all.merge!(:where => { 'topics.approved' => false }).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { 'topics.approved' => true }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_hashed_table_name
    assert Topic.all.merge!(:where => {:topics => { :approved => false }}).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => {:topics => { :approved => true }}).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table
    firms = Firm.joins(:account).where(:accounts => { :credit_limit => 50 })
    assert_equal 1, firms.size
    assert_equal companies(:first_firm), firms.first
  end

  def test_find_with_hash_conditions_on_joined_table_and_with_range
    firms = DependentFirm.all.merge!(:joins => :account, :where => {:name => 'RailsCore', :accounts => { :credit_limit => 55..60 }})
    assert_equal 1, firms.size
    assert_equal companies(:rails_core), firms.first
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_explicit_table_name_and_aggregate
    david = customers(:david)
    assert Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name, :address => david.address).find(david.id)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) {
      Customer.where('customers.name' => david.name + "1", :address => david.address).find(david.id)
    }
  end

  def test_find_on_association_proxy_conditions
    assert_equal [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12], Comment.where(post_id: authors(:david).posts).map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_range
    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 1..2 }).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 2..3 }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_end_exclusive_range
    assert_equal [1,2,3], Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 1..3 }).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_equal [1,2], Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 1...3 }).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 2...3 }).find(3) }
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_multiple_ranges
    assert_equal [1,2,3], Comment.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 1..3, :post_id => 1..2 }).to_a.map(&:id).sort
    assert_equal [1], Comment.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 1..1, :post_id => 1..10 }).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_hash_conditions_with_array_of_integers_and_ranges
    assert_equal [1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9], Comment.all.merge!(:where => {:id => [1..2, 3, 5, 6..8, 9]}).to_a.map(&:id).sort
  end

  def test_find_on_multiple_hash_conditions
    assert Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :author_name => "David", :title => "The First Topic", :replies_count => 1, :approved => false }).find(1)
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :author_name => "David", :title => "The First Topic", :replies_count => 1, :approved => true }).find(1) }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :author_name => "David", :title => "HHC", :replies_count => 1, :approved => false }).find(1) }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :author_name => "David", :title => "The First Topic", :replies_count => 1, :approved => true }).find(1) }
  end

  def test_condition_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.where("name = '%s'", "37signals").first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
  end

  def test_condition_array_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = '%s'", "37signals"]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = '%s'", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = '%s'", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["id = %d", 1]).first.written_on
  end

  def test_condition_hash_interpolation
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.all.merge!(:where => { :name => "37signals"}).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => { :name => "37signals!"}).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.all.merge!(:where => {:id => 1}).first.written_on
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_malformed
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) {
      Company.all.merge!(:where => { :id => 2, :dhh => true }).first
    }
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_escaped_characters
    Company.create("name" => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff")
    assert Company.all.merge!(:where => { :name => "Ain't noth'n like' \#stuff" }).first
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_array
    p1, p2 = Post.all.merge!(:limit => 2, :order => 'id asc').to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.all.merge!(:where => { :id => [p1, p2] }, :order => 'id asc').to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.all.merge!(:where => { :id => [p1, p2.id] }, :order => 'id asc').to_a
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_nil
    topic = Topic.all.merge!(:where => { :last_read => nil } ).first
    assert_not_nil topic
    assert_nil topic.last_read
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_aggregate
    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_one_mapping_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.where(:balance => balance.amount).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_attribute_having_same_name_as_field_and_key_value_being_attribute_value
    gps_location = customers(:david).gps_location
    assert_kind_of GpsLocation, gps_location
    found_customer = Customer.where(:gps_location => gps_location.gps_location).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_aggregate_having_three_mappings
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_hash_condition_find_with_one_condition_being_aggregate_and_another_not
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.where(:address => address, :name => customers(:david).name).first
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
      with_active_record_default_timezone :local do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getutc]).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_hash_condition_utc_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_local
    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
      with_active_record_default_timezone :local do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.all.merge!(:where => {:written_on => topic.written_on.getutc}).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
      with_active_record_default_timezone :utc do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ['written_on = ?', topic.written_on.getlocal]).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_hash_condition_local_time_interpolation_with_default_timezone_utc
    with_env_tz 'America/New_York' do
      with_active_record_default_timezone :utc do
        topic = Topic.first
        assert_equal topic, Topic.all.merge!(:where => {:written_on => topic.written_on.getlocal}).first
      end
    end
  end

  def test_bind_variables
    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = ?", "37signals"]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = ?", "37signals!"]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = ?", "37signals!' OR 1=1"]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["id = ?", 1]).first.written_on
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
      Company.all.merge!(:where => ["id=? AND name = ?", 2]).first
    }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) {
     Company.all.merge!(:where => ["id=?", 2, 3, 4]).first
    }
  end

  def test_bind_variables_with_quotes
    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
    assert Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = ?", "37signals' go'es agains"]).first
  end

  def test_named_bind_variables_with_quotes
    Company.create("name" => "37signals' go'es agains")
    assert Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = :name", {:name => "37signals' go'es agains"}]).first
  end

  def test_bind_arity
    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '' }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '', 1 }

    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?' }
    assert_nothing_raised                                 { bind '?', 1 }
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::PreparedStatementInvalid) { bind '?', 1, 1  }
  end

  def test_named_bind_variables
    assert_equal '1', bind(':a', :a => 1) # ' ruby-mode
    assert_equal '1 1', bind(':a :a', :a => 1)  # ' ruby-mode

    assert_nothing_raised { bind("'+00:00'", :foo => "bar") }

    assert_kind_of Firm, Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = :name", { :name => "37signals" }]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = :name", { :name => "37signals!" }]).first
    assert_nil Company.all.merge!(:where => ["name = :name", { :name => "37signals!' OR 1=1" }]).first
    assert_kind_of Time, Topic.all.merge!(:where => ["id = :id", { :id => 1 }]).first.written_on
  end

  class SimpleEnumerable
    include Enumerable

    def initialize(ary)
      @ary = ary
    end

    def each(&b)
      @ary.each(&b)
    end
  end

  def test_bind_enumerable
    quoted_abc = %(#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('a')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('b')},#{ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('c')})

    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', [1, 2, 3])
    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', %w(a b c))

    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => [1, 2, 3])
    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => %w(a b c)) # '

    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind('?', SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c)))

    assert_equal '1,2,3', bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new([1, 2, 3]))
    assert_equal quoted_abc, bind(':a', :a => SimpleEnumerable.new(%w(a b c))) # '
  end

  def test_bind_empty_enumerable
    quoted_nil = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(nil)
    assert_equal quoted_nil, bind('?', [])
    assert_equal " in (#{quoted_nil})", bind(' in (?)', [])
    assert_equal "foo in (#{quoted_nil})", bind('foo in (?)', [])
  end

  def test_bind_empty_string
    quoted_empty = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote('')
    assert_equal quoted_empty, bind('?', '')
  end

  def test_bind_chars
    quoted_bambi = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi")
    quoted_bambi_and_thumper = ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote("Bambi\nand\nThumper")
    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi")
    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper")
    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi}", bind('name=?', "Bambi".mb_chars)
    assert_equal "name=#{quoted_bambi_and_thumper}", bind('name=?', "Bambi\nand\nThumper".mb_chars)
  end

  def test_bind_record
    o = Struct.new(:quoted_id).new(1)
    assert_equal '1', bind('?', o)

    os = [o] * 3
    assert_equal '1,1,1', bind('?', os)
  end

  def test_named_bind_with_postgresql_type_casts
    l = Proc.new { bind(":a::integer '2009-01-01'::date", :a => '10') }
    assert_nothing_raised(&l)
    assert_equal "#{ActiveRecord::Base.quote_value('10')}::integer '2009-01-01'::date", l.call
  end

  def test_string_sanitation
    assert_not_equal "'something ' 1=1'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something ' 1=1")
    assert_equal "'something; select table'", ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize("something; select table")
  end

  def test_count_by_sql
    assert_equal(0, Entrant.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > 3"))
    assert_equal(1, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 2]))
    assert_equal(2, Entrant.count_by_sql(["SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entrants WHERE id > ?", 1]))
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic!")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic")
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound) { Topic.find_by_title!("The First Topic!") }
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_alias
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_heading("The First Topic!")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_bang_with_blank_defined
    blank_topic = BlankTopic.create(title: "The Blank One")
    assert_equal blank_topic, BlankTopic.find_by_title!("The Blank One")
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_conditions
    assert_equal accounts(:rails_core_account), Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_address(address)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_that_is_an_aggregate_with_one_attribute_difference
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city, address.country + "1")
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street, address.city + "1", address.country)
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
    missing_address = Address.new(address.street + "1", address.city, address.country)
    assert_nil Customer.find_by_address(missing_address)
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_that_are_both_aggregates
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    address = customers(:david).address
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    assert_kind_of Address, address
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_address(balance, address)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_with_one_being_an_aggregate
    balance = customers(:david).balance
    assert_kind_of Money, balance
    found_customer = Customer.find_by_balance_and_name(balance, customers(:david).name)
    assert_equal customers(:david), found_customer
  end

  def test_dynamic_finder_on_one_attribute_with_conditions_returns_same_results_after_caching
    # ensure this test can run independently of order
    class << Account; self; end.send(:remove_method, :find_by_credit_limit) if Account.public_methods.include?(:find_by_credit_limit)
    a = Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50)
    assert_equal a, Account.where('firm_id = ?', 6).find_by_credit_limit(50) # find_by_credit_limit has been cached
  end

  def test_find_by_one_attribute_with_several_options
    assert_equal accounts(:unknown), Account.order('id DESC').where('id != ?', 3).find_by_credit_limit(50)
  end

  def test_find_by_one_missing_attribute
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_undertitle("The First Topic!") }
  end

  def test_find_by_invalid_method_syntax
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_by_title("The First Topic") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_by_title?("The First Topic") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.fail_to_find_or_create_by_title("Nonexistent Title") }
    assert_raise(NoMethodError) { Topic.find_or_create_by_title?("Nonexistent Title") }
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes
    assert_equal topics(:first), Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
    assert_nil Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "Mary")
  end

  def test_find_by_two_attributes_but_passing_only_one
    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic") }
  end

  def test_find_by_nil_attribute
    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read nil
    assert_not_nil topic
    assert_nil topic.last_read
  end

  def test_find_by_nil_and_not_nil_attributes
    topic = Topic.find_by_last_read_and_author_name nil, "Mary"
    assert_equal "Mary", topic.author_name
  end

  def test_find_with_bad_sql
    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.find_by_sql "select 1 from badtable" }
  end

  def test_find_all_with_join
    developers_on_project_one = Developer.all.merge!(
      :joins => 'LEFT JOIN developers_projects ON developers.id = developers_projects.developer_id',
      :where => 'project_id=1'
    ).to_a
    assert_equal 3, developers_on_project_one.length
    developer_names = developers_on_project_one.map { |d| d.name }
    assert developer_names.include?('David')
    assert developer_names.include?('Jamis')
  end

  def test_joins_dont_clobber_id
    first = Firm.all.merge!(
      :joins => 'INNER JOIN companies clients ON clients.firm_id = companies.id',
      :where => 'companies.id = 1'
    ).first
    assert_equal 1, first.id
  end

  def test_joins_with_string_array
    person_with_reader_and_post = Post.all.merge!(
      :joins => [
        "INNER JOIN categorizations ON categorizations.post_id = posts.id",
        "INNER JOIN categories ON categories.id = categorizations.category_id AND categories.type = 'SpecialCategory'"
      ]
    )
    assert_equal 1, person_with_reader_and_post.size
  end

  def test_find_by_id_with_conditions_with_or
    assert_nothing_raised do
      Post.where("posts.id <= 3 OR posts.#{QUOTED_TYPE} = 'Post'").find([1,2,3])
    end
  end

  # http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/6778
  def test_find_ignores_previously_inserted_record
    Post.create!(:title => 'test', :body => 'it out')
    assert_equal [], Post.where(id: nil)
  end

  def test_find_by_empty_ids
    assert_equal [], Post.find([])
  end

  def test_find_by_empty_in_condition
    assert_equal [], Post.where('id in (?)', [])
  end

  def test_find_by_records
    p1, p2 = Post.all.merge!(:limit => 2, :order => 'id asc').to_a
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.all.merge!(:where => ['id in (?)', [p1, p2]], :order => 'id asc')
    assert_equal [p1, p2], Post.all.merge!(:where => ['id in (?)', [p1, p2.id]], :order => 'id asc')
  end

  def test_select_value
    assert_equal "37signals", Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = 1")
    assert_nil Company.connection.select_value("SELECT name FROM companies WHERE id = -1")
    # make sure we didn't break count...
    assert_equal 0, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = 'Halliburton'")
    assert_equal 1, Company.count_by_sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM companies WHERE name = '37signals'")
  end

  def test_select_values
    assert_equal ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9", "10"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT id FROM companies ORDER BY id").map! { |i| i.to_s }
    assert_equal ["37signals","Summit","Microsoft", "Flamboyant Software", "Ex Nihilo", "RailsCore", "Leetsoft", "Jadedpixel", "Odegy", "Ex Nihilo Part Deux"], Company.connection.select_values("SELECT name FROM companies ORDER BY id")
  end

  def test_select_rows
    assert_equal(
      [["1", "1", nil, "37signals"],
       ["2", "1", "2", "Summit"],
       ["3", "1", "1", "Microsoft"]],
      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, firm_id, client_of, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}})
    assert_equal [["1", "37signals"], ["2", "Summit"], ["3", "Microsoft"]],
      Company.connection.select_rows("SELECT id, name FROM companies WHERE id IN (1,2,3) ORDER BY id").map! {|i| i.map! {|j| j.to_s unless j.nil?}}
  end

  def test_find_with_order_on_included_associations_with_construct_finder_sql_for_association_limiting_and_is_distinct
    assert_equal 2, Post.all.merge!(:includes => { :authors => :author_address }, :order => 'author_addresses.id DESC ', :limit => 2).to_a.size

    assert_equal 3, Post.all.merge!(:includes => { :author => :author_address, :authors => :author_address},
                              :order => 'author_addresses_authors.id DESC ', :limit => 3).to_a.size
  end

  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_one_attribute
    client_of = Company.all.merge!(
      :where => {
        :client_of => [2, 1, nil],
        :name => ['37signals', 'Summit', 'Microsoft'] },
      :order => 'client_of DESC'
    ).map { |x| x.client_of }

    assert client_of.include?(nil)
    assert_equal [2, 1].sort, client_of.compact.sort
  end

  def test_find_with_nil_inside_set_passed_for_attribute
    client_of = Company.all.merge!(
      :where => { :client_of => [nil] },
      :order => 'client_of DESC'
    ).map { |x| x.client_of }

    assert_equal [], client_of.compact
  end

  def test_with_limiting_with_custom_select
    posts = Post.references(:authors).merge(
      :includes => :author, :select => ' posts.*, authors.id as "author_id"',
      :limit => 3, :order => 'posts.id'
    ).to_a
    assert_equal 3, posts.size
    assert_equal [0, 1, 1], posts.map(&:author_id).sort
  end

  def test_find_one_message_with_custom_primary_key
    Toy.primary_key = :name
    begin
      Toy.find 'Hello World!'
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound => e
      assert_equal 'Couldn\'t find Toy with name=Hello World!', e.message
    end
  end

  def test_finder_with_offset_string
    assert_nothing_raised(ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid) { Topic.all.merge!(:offset => "3").to_a }
  end

  protected
    def bind(statement, *vars)
      if vars.first.is_a?(Hash)
        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_named_bind_variables, statement, vars.first)
      else
        ActiveRecord::Base.send(:replace_bind_variables, statement, vars)
      end
    end

    def with_env_tz(new_tz = 'US/Eastern')
      old_tz, ENV['TZ'] = ENV['TZ'], new_tz
      yield
    ensure
      old_tz ? ENV['TZ'] = old_tz : ENV.delete('TZ')
    end

    def with_active_record_default_timezone(zone)
      old_zone, ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone, zone
      yield
    ensure
      ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = old_zone
    end
end