path: root/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require "active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator"

module ActiveRecord
  module Batches
    ORDER_IGNORE_MESSAGE = "Scoped order is ignored, it's forced to be batch order."

    # Looping through a collection of records from the database
    # (using the Scoping::Named::ClassMethods.all method, for example)
    # is very inefficient since it will try to instantiate all the objects at once.
    #
    # In that case, batch processing methods allow you to work
    # with the records in batches, thereby greatly reducing memory consumption.
    #
    # The #find_each method uses #find_in_batches with a batch size of 1000 (or as
    # specified by the +:batch_size+ option).
    #
    #   Person.find_each do |person|
    #     person.do_awesome_stuff
    #   end
    #
    #   Person.where("age > 21").find_each do |person|
    #     person.party_all_night!
    #   end
    #
    # If you do not provide a block to #find_each, it will return an Enumerator
    # for chaining with other methods:
    #
    #   Person.find_each.with_index do |person, index|
    #     person.award_trophy(index + 1)
    #   end
    #
    # ==== Options
    # * <tt>:batch_size</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Defaults to 1000.
    # * <tt>:start</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:finish</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:error_on_ignore</tt> - Overrides the application config to specify if an error should be raised when
    #   an order is present in the relation.
    #
    # Limits are honored, and if present there is no requirement for the batch
    # size: it can be less than, equal to, or greater than the limit.
    #
    # The options +start+ and +finish+ are especially useful if you want
    # multiple workers dealing with the same processing queue. You can make
    # worker 1 handle all the records between id 1 and 9999 and worker 2
    # handle from 10000 and beyond by setting the +:start+ and +:finish+
    # option on each worker.
    #
    #   # In worker 1, let's process until 9999 records.
    #   Person.find_each(finish: 9_999) do |person|
    #     person.party_all_night!
    #   end
    #
    #   # In worker 2, let's process from record 10_000 and onwards.
    #   Person.find_each(start: 10_000) do |person|
    #     person.party_all_night!
    #   end
    #
    # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to
    # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering
    # work. This also means that this method only works when the primary key is
    # orderable (e.g. an integer or string).
    #
    # NOTE: By its nature, batch processing is subject to race conditions if
    # other processes are modifying the database.
    def find_each(start: nil, finish: nil, batch_size: 1000, error_on_ignore: nil)
      if block_given?
        find_in_batches(start: start, finish: finish, batch_size: batch_size, error_on_ignore: error_on_ignore) do |records|
          records.each { |record| yield record }
        end
      else
        enum_for(:find_each, start: start, finish: finish, batch_size: batch_size, error_on_ignore: error_on_ignore) do
          relation = self
          apply_limits(relation, start, finish).size
        end
      end
    end

    # Yields each batch of records that was found by the find options as
    # an array.
    #
    #   Person.where("age > 21").find_in_batches do |group|
    #     sleep(50) # Make sure it doesn't get too crowded in there!
    #     group.each { |person| person.party_all_night! }
    #   end
    #
    # If you do not provide a block to #find_in_batches, it will return an Enumerator
    # for chaining with other methods:
    #
    #   Person.find_in_batches.with_index do |group, batch|
    #     puts "Processing group ##{batch}"
    #     group.each(&:recover_from_last_night!)
    #   end
    #
    # To be yielded each record one by one, use #find_each instead.
    #
    # ==== Options
    # * <tt>:batch_size</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Defaults to 1000.
    # * <tt>:start</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:finish</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:error_on_ignore</tt> - Overrides the application config to specify if an error should be raised when
    #   an order is present in the relation.
    #
    # Limits are honored, and if present there is no requirement for the batch
    # size: it can be less than, equal to, or greater than the limit.
    #
    # The options +start+ and +finish+ are especially useful if you want
    # multiple workers dealing with the same processing queue. You can make
    # worker 1 handle all the records between id 1 and 9999 and worker 2
    # handle from 10000 and beyond by setting the +:start+ and +:finish+
    # option on each worker.
    #
    #   # Let's process from record 10_000 on.
    #   Person.find_in_batches(start: 10_000) do |group|
    #     group.each { |person| person.party_all_night! }
    #   end
    #
    # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to
    # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering
    # work. This also means that this method only works when the primary key is
    # orderable (e.g. an integer or string).
    #
    # NOTE: By its nature, batch processing is subject to race conditions if
    # other processes are modifying the database.
    def find_in_batches(start: nil, finish: nil, batch_size: 1000, error_on_ignore: nil)
      relation = self
      unless block_given?
        return to_enum(:find_in_batches, start: start, finish: finish, batch_size: batch_size, error_on_ignore: error_on_ignore) do
          total = apply_limits(relation, start, finish).size
          (total - 1).div(batch_size) + 1
        end
      end

      in_batches(of: batch_size, start: start, finish: finish, load: true, error_on_ignore: error_on_ignore) do |batch|
        yield batch.to_a
      end
    end

    # Yields ActiveRecord::Relation objects to work with a batch of records.
    #
    #   Person.where("age > 21").in_batches do |relation|
    #     relation.delete_all
    #     sleep(10) # Throttle the delete queries
    #   end
    #
    # If you do not provide a block to #in_batches, it will return a
    # BatchEnumerator which is enumerable.
    #
    #   Person.in_batches.each_with_index do |relation, batch_index|
    #     puts "Processing relation ##{batch_index}"
    #     relation.delete_all
    #   end
    #
    # Examples of calling methods on the returned BatchEnumerator object:
    #
    #   Person.in_batches.delete_all
    #   Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true)
    #   Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
    #
    # ==== Options
    # * <tt>:of</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Defaults to 1000.
    # * <tt>:load</tt> - Specifies if the relation should be loaded. Defaults to false.
    # * <tt>:start</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:finish</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value.
    # * <tt>:error_on_ignore</tt> - Overrides the application config to specify if an error should be raised when
    #   an order is present in the relation.
    #
    # Limits are honored, and if present there is no requirement for the batch
    # size, it can be less than, equal, or greater than the limit.
    #
    # The options +start+ and +finish+ are especially useful if you want
    # multiple workers dealing with the same processing queue. You can make
    # worker 1 handle all the records between id 1 and 9999 and worker 2
    # handle from 10000 and beyond by setting the +:start+ and +:finish+
    # option on each worker.
    #
    #   # Let's process from record 10_000 on.
    #   Person.in_batches(start: 10_000).update_all(awesome: true)
    #
    # An example of calling where query method on the relation:
    #
    #   Person.in_batches.each do |relation|
    #     relation.update_all('age = age + 1')
    #     relation.where('age > 21').update_all(should_party: true)
    #     relation.where('age <= 21').delete_all
    #   end
    #
    # NOTE: If you are going to iterate through each record, you should call
    # #each_record on the yielded BatchEnumerator:
    #
    #   Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!)
    #
    # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to
    # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering
    # consistent. Therefore the primary key must be orderable, e.g. an integer
    # or a string.
    #
    # NOTE: By its nature, batch processing is subject to race conditions if
    # other processes are modifying the database.
    def in_batches(of: 1000, start: nil, finish: nil, load: false, error_on_ignore: nil)
      relation = self
      unless block_given?
        return BatchEnumerator.new(of: of, start: start, finish: finish, relation: self)
      end

      if arel.orders.present?
        act_on_ignored_order(error_on_ignore)
      end

      batch_limit = of
      if limit_value
        remaining   = limit_value
        batch_limit = remaining if remaining < batch_limit
      end

      relation = relation.reorder(batch_order).limit(batch_limit)
      relation = apply_limits(relation, start, finish)
      relation.skip_query_cache! # Retaining the results in the query cache would undermine the point of batching
      batch_relation = relation

      loop do
        if load
          records = batch_relation.records
          ids = records.map(&:id)
          yielded_relation = where(primary_key => ids)
          yielded_relation.load_records(records)
        else
          ids = batch_relation.pluck(primary_key)
          yielded_relation = where(primary_key => ids)
        end

        break if ids.empty?

        primary_key_offset = ids.last
        raise ArgumentError.new("Primary key not included in the custom select clause") unless primary_key_offset

        yield yielded_relation

        break if ids.length < batch_limit

        if limit_value
          remaining -= ids.length

          if remaining == 0
            # Saves a useless iteration when the limit is a multiple of the
            # batch size.
            break
          elsif remaining < batch_limit
            relation = relation.limit(remaining)
          end
        end

        batch_relation = relation.where(
          bind_attribute(primary_key, primary_key_offset) { |attr, bind| attr.gt(bind) }
        )
      end
    end

    private

      def apply_limits(relation, start, finish)
        relation = apply_start_limit(relation, start) if start
        relation = apply_finish_limit(relation, finish) if finish
        relation
      end

      def apply_start_limit(relation, start)
        relation.where(bind_attribute(primary_key, start) { |attr, bind| attr.gteq(bind) })
      end

      def apply_finish_limit(relation, finish)
        relation.where(bind_attribute(primary_key, finish) { |attr, bind| attr.lteq(bind) })
      end

      def batch_order
        arel_attribute(primary_key).asc
      end

      def act_on_ignored_order(error_on_ignore)
        raise_error = (error_on_ignore.nil? ? klass.error_on_ignored_order : error_on_ignore)

        if raise_error
          raise ArgumentError.new(ORDER_IGNORE_MESSAGE)
        elsif logger
          logger.warn(ORDER_IGNORE_MESSAGE)
        end
      end
  end
end