require 'action_view/helpers/javascript_helper'
require 'active_support/core_ext/array/access'
require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
require 'active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety'
require 'action_dispatch'
module ActionView
# = Action View URL Helpers
module Helpers #:nodoc:
# Provides a set of methods for making links and getting URLs that
# depend on the routing subsystem (see ActionDispatch::Routing).
# This allows you to use the same format for links in views
# and controllers.
module UrlHelper
# This helper may be included in any class that includes the
# URL helpers of a routes (routes.url_helpers). Some methods
# provided here will only work in the context of a request
# (link_to_unless_current, for instance), which must be provided
# as a method called #request on the context.
extend ActiveSupport::Concern
include ActionDispatch::Routing::UrlFor
include TagHelper
def _routes_context
controller
end
# Need to map default url options to controller one.
# def default_url_options(*args) #:nodoc:
# controller.send(:default_url_options, *args)
# end
#
def url_options
return super unless controller.respond_to?(:url_options)
controller.url_options
end
# Returns the URL for the set of +options+ provided. This takes the
# same options as +url_for+ in Action Controller (see the
# documentation for <tt>ActionController::Base#url_for</tt>). Note that by default
# <tt>:only_path</tt> is <tt>true</tt> so you'll get the relative "/controller/action"
# instead of the fully qualified URL like "http://example.com/controller/action".
#
# ==== Options
# * <tt>:anchor</tt> - Specifies the anchor name to be appended to the path.
# * <tt>:only_path</tt> - If true, returns the relative URL (omitting the protocol, host name, and port) (<tt>true</tt> by default unless <tt>:host</tt> is specified).
# * <tt>:trailing_slash</tt> - If true, adds a trailing slash, as in "/archive/2005/". Note that this
# is currently not recommended since it breaks caching.
# * <tt>:host</tt> - Overrides the default (current) host if provided.
# * <tt>:protocol</tt> - Overrides the default (current) protocol if provided.
# * <tt>:user</tt> - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if <tt>:password</tt> is also present).
# * <tt>:password</tt> - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if <tt>:user</tt> is also present).
#
# ==== Relying on named routes
#
# If you instead of a hash pass a record (like an Active Record or Active Resource) as the options parameter,
# you'll trigger the named route for that record. The lookup will happen on the name of the class. So passing
# a Workshop object will attempt to use the +workshop_path+ route. If you have a nested route, such as
# +admin_workshop_path+ you'll have to call that explicitly (it's impossible for +url_for+ to guess that route).
#
# ==== Examples
# <%= url_for(:action => 'index') %>
# # => /blog/
#
# <%= url_for(:action => 'find', :controller => 'books') %>
# # => /books/find
#
# <%= url_for(:action => 'login', :controller => 'members', :only_path => false, :protocol => 'https') %>
# # => https://www.railsapplication.com/members/login/
#
# <%= url_for(:action => 'play', :anchor => 'player') %>
# # => /messages/play/#player
#
# <%= url_for(:action => 'jump', :anchor => 'tax&ship') %>
# # => /testing/jump/#tax&ship
#
# <%= url_for(Workshop.new) %>
# # relies on Workshop answering a persisted? call (and in this case returning false)
# # => /workshops
#
# <%= url_for(@workshop) %>
# # calls @workshop.to_s
# # => /workshops/5
#
# <%= url_for("http://www.example.com") %>
# # => http://www.example.com
#
# <%= url_for(:back) %>
# # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is set to "http://www.example.com"
# # => http://www.example.com
#
# <%= url_for(:back) %>
# # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is not set or is blank
# # => javascript:history.back()
def url_for(options = {})
options ||= {}
case options
when String
options
when Hash
options = options.symbolize_keys.reverse_merge!(:only_path => options[:host].nil?)
super
when :back
controller.request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] || 'javascript:history.back()'
else
polymorphic_path(options)
end
end
# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set
# of +options+. See the valid options in the documentation for
# +url_for+. It's also possible to pass a string instead
# of an options hash to get a link tag that uses the value of the string as the
# href for the link, or use <tt>:back</tt> to link to the referrer - a JavaScript back
# link will be used in place of a referrer if none exists. If +nil+ is passed as
# a name, the link itself will become the name.
#
# ==== Signatures
#
# link_to(body, url, html_options = {})
# # url is a String; you can use URL helpers like
# # posts_path
#
# link_to(body, url_options = {}, html_options = {})
# # url_options, except :confirm or :method,
# # is passed to url_for
#
# link_to(options = {}, html_options = {}) do
# # name
# end
#
# link_to(url, html_options = {}) do
# # name
# end
#
# ==== Options
# * <tt>:confirm => 'question?'</tt> - This will allow the unobtrusive JavaScript
# driver to prompt with the question specified. If the user accepts, the link is
# processed normally, otherwise no action is taken.
# * <tt>:method => symbol of HTTP verb</tt> - This modifier will dynamically
# create an HTML form and immediately submit the form for processing using
# the HTTP verb specified. Useful for having links perform a POST operation
# in dangerous actions like deleting a record (which search bots can follow
# while spidering your site). Supported verbs are <tt>:post</tt>, <tt>:delete</tt> and <tt>:put</tt>.
# Note that if the user has JavaScript disabled, the request will fall back
# to using GET. If <tt>:href => '#'</tt> is used and the user has JavaScript
# disabled clicking the link will have no effect. If you are relying on the
# POST behavior, you should check for it in your controller's action by using
# the request object's methods for <tt>post?</tt>, <tt>delete?</tt> or <tt>put?</tt>.
# * <tt>:remote => true</tt> - This will allow the unobtrusive JavaScript
# driver to make an Ajax request to the URL in question instead of following
# the link. The drivers each provide mechanisms for listening for the
# completion of the Ajax request and performing JavaScript operations once
# they're complete
#
# ==== Examples
# Because it relies on +url_for+, +link_to+ supports both older-style controller/action/id arguments
# and newer RESTful routes. Current Rails style favors RESTful routes whenever possible, so base
# your application on resources and use
#
# link_to "Profile", profile_path(@profile)
# # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
#
# or the even pithier
#
# link_to "Profile", @profile
# # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
#
# in place of the older more verbose, non-resource-oriented
#
# link_to "Profile", :controller => "profiles", :action => "show", :id => @profile
# # => <a href="/profiles/show/1">Profile</a>
#
# Similarly,
#
# link_to "Profiles", profiles_path
# # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
#
# is better than
#
# link_to "Profiles", :controller => "profiles"
# # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
#
# You can use a block as well if your link target is hard to fit into the name parameter. ERb example:
#
# <%= link_to(@profile) do %>
# <strong><%= @profile.name %></strong> -- <span>Check it out!</span>
# <% end %>
# # => <a href="/profiles/1">
# <strong>David</strong> -- <span>Check it out!</span>
# </a>
#
# Classes and ids for CSS are easy to produce:
#
# link_to "Articles", articles_path, :id => "news", :class => "article"
# # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
#
# Be careful when using the older argument style, as an extra literal hash is needed:
#
# link_to "Articles", { :controller => "articles" }, :id => "news", :class => "article"
# # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
#
# Leaving the hash off gives the wrong link:
#
# link_to "WRONG!", :controller => "articles", :id => "news", :class => "article"
# # => <a href="/articles/index/news?class=article">WRONG!</a>
#
# +link_to+ can also produce links with anchors or query strings:
#
# link_to "Comment wall", profile_path(@profile, :anchor => "wall")
# # => <a href="/profiles/1#wall">Comment wall</a>
#
# link_to "Ruby on Rails search", :controller => "searches", :query => "ruby on rails"
# # => <a href="/searches?query=ruby+on+rails">Ruby on Rails search</a>
#
# link_to "Nonsense search", searches_path(:foo => "bar", :baz => "quux")
# # => <a href="/searches?foo=bar&baz=quux">Nonsense search</a>
#
# The two options specific to +link_to+ (<tt>:confirm</tt> and <tt>:method</tt>) are used as follows:
#
# link_to "Visit Other Site", "http://www.rubyonrails.org/", :confirm => "Are you sure?"
# # => <a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/" data-confirm="Are you sure?"">Visit Other Site</a>
#
# link_to("Destroy", "http://www.example.com", :method => :delete, :confirm => "Are you sure?")
# # => <a href='http://www.example.com' rel="nofollow" data-method="delete" data-confirm="Are you sure?">Destroy</a>
def link_to(*args, &block)
if block_given?
options = args.first || {}
html_options = args.second
link_to(capture(&block), options, html_options)
else
name = args[0]
options = args[1] || {}
html_options = args[2]
html_options = convert_options_to_data_attributes(options, html_options)
url = url_for(options)
href = html_options['href']
tag_options = tag_options(html_options)
href_attr = "href=\"#{ERB::Util.html_escape(url)}\"" unless href
"<a #{href_attr}#{tag_options}>#{ERB::Util.html_escape(name || url)}</a>".html_safe
end
end
# Generates a form containing a single button that submits to the URL created
# by the set of +options+. This is the safest method to ensure links that
# cause changes to your data are not triggered by search bots or accelerators.
# If the HTML button does not work with your layout, you can also consider
# using the +link_to+ method with the <tt>:method</tt> modifier as described in
# the +link_to+ documentation.
#
# The generated form element has a class name of <tt>button_to</tt>
# to allow styling of the form itself and its children. You can control
# the form submission and input element behavior using +html_options+.
# This method accepts the <tt>:method</tt> and <tt>:confirm</tt> modifiers
# described in the +link_to+ documentation. If no <tt>:method</tt> modifier
# is given, it will default to performing a POST operation. You can also
# disable the button by passing <tt>:disabled => true</tt> in +html_options+.
# If you are using RESTful routes, you can pass the <tt>:method</tt>
# to change the HTTP verb used to submit the form.
#
# ==== Options
# The +options+ hash accepts the same options as url_for.
#
# There are a few special +html_options+:
# * <tt>:method</tt> - Symbol of HTTP verb. Supported verbs are <tt>:post</tt>, <tt>:get</tt>,
# <tt>:delete</tt> and <tt>:put</tt>. By default it will be <tt>:post</tt>.
# * <tt>:disabled</tt> - If set to true, it will generate a disabled button.
# * <tt>:confirm</tt> - This will use the unobtrusive JavaScript driver to
# prompt with the question specified. If the user accepts, the link is
# processed normally, otherwise no action is taken.
# * <tt>:remote</tt> - If set to true, will allow the Unobtrusive JavaScript drivers to control the
# submit behaviour. By default this behaviour is an ajax submit.
#
# ==== Examples
# <%= button_to "New", :action => "new" %>
# # => "<form method="post" action="/controller/new" class="button_to">
# # <div><input value="New" type="submit" /></div>
# # </form>"
#
#
# <%= button_to "Delete Image", { :action => "delete", :id => @image.id },
# :confirm => "Are you sure?", :method => :delete %>
# # => "<form method="post" action="/images/delete/1" class="button_to">
# # <div>
# # <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete" />
# # <input data-confirm='Are you sure?' value="Delete" type="submit" />
# # </div>
# # </form>"
#
#
# <%= button_to('Destroy', 'http://www.example.com', :confirm => 'Are you sure?',
# :method => "delete", :remote => true, :disable_with => 'loading...') %>
# # => "<form class='button_to' method='post' action='http://www.example.com' data-remote='true'>
# # <div>
# # <input name='_method' value='delete' type='hidden' />
# # <input value='Destroy' type='submit' disable_with='loading...' data-confirm='Are you sure?' />
# # </div>
# # </form>"
# #
def button_to(name, options = {}, html_options = {})
html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
convert_boolean_attributes!(html_options, %w( disabled ))
method_tag = ''
if (method = html_options.delete('method')) && %w{put delete}.include?(method.to_s)
method_tag = tag('input', :type => 'hidden', :name => '_method', :value => method.to_s)
end
form_method = method.to_s == 'get' ? 'get' : 'post'
remote = html_options.delete('remote')
request_token_tag = ''
if form_method == 'post' && protect_against_forgery?
request_token_tag = tag(:input, :type => "hidden", :name => request_forgery_protection_token.to_s, :value => form_authenticity_token)
end
url = options.is_a?(String) ? options : self.url_for(options)
name ||= url
html_options = convert_options_to_data_attributes(options, html_options)
html_options.merge!("type" => "submit", "value" => name)
("<form method=\"#{form_method}\" action=\"#{ERB::Util.html_escape(url)}\" #{"data-remote=\"true\"" if remote} class=\"button_to\"><div>" +
method_tag + tag("input", html_options) + request_token_tag + "</div></form>").html_safe
end
# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
# +options+ unless the current request URI is the same as the links, in
# which case only the name is returned (or the given block is yielded, if
# one exists). You can give +link_to_unless_current+ a block which will
# specialize the default behavior (e.g., show a "Start Here" link rather
# than the link's text).
#
# ==== Examples
# Let's say you have a navigation menu...
#
# <ul id="navbar">
# <li><%= link_to_unless_current("Home", { :action => "index" }) %></li>
# <li><%= link_to_unless_current("About Us", { :action => "about" }) %></li>
# </ul>
#
# If in the "about" action, it will render...
#
# <ul id="navbar">
# <li><a href="/controller/index">Home</a></li>
# <li>About Us</li>
# </ul>
#
# ...but if in the "index" action, it will render:
#
# <ul id="navbar">
# <li>Home</li>
# <li><a href="/controller/about">About Us</a></li>
# </ul>
#
# The implicit block given to +link_to_unless_current+ is evaluated if the current
# action is the action given. So, if we had a comments page and wanted to render a
# "Go Back" link instead of a link to the comments page, we could do something like this...
#
# <%=
# link_to_unless_current("Comment", { :controller => "comments", :action => "new" }) do
# link_to("Go back", { :controller => "posts", :action => "index" })
# end
# %>
def link_to_unless_current(name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
link_to_unless current_page?(options), name, options, html_options, &block
end
# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
# +options+ unless +condition+ is true, in which case only the name is
# returned. To specialize the default behavior (i.e., show a login link rather
# than just the plaintext link text), you can pass a block that
# accepts the name or the full argument list for +link_to_unless+.
#
# ==== Examples
# <%= link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) %>
# # If the user is logged in...
# # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a>
#
# <%=
# link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) do |name|
# link_to(name, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "signup" })
# end
# %>
# # If the user is logged in...
# # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a>
# # If not...
# # => <a href="/accounts/signup">Reply</a>
def link_to_unless(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
if condition
if block_given?
block.arity <= 1 ? capture(name, &block) : capture(name, options, html_options, &block)
else
name
end
else
link_to(name, options, html_options)
end
end
# Creates a link tag of the given +name+ using a URL created by the set of
# +options+ if +condition+ is true, in which case only the name is
# returned. To specialize the default behavior, you can pass a block that
# accepts the name or the full argument list for +link_to_unless+ (see the examples
# in +link_to_unless+).
#
# ==== Examples
# <%= link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) %>
# # If the user isn't logged in...
# # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a>
#
# <%=
# link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) do
# link_to(@current_user.login, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "show", :id => @current_user })
# end
# %>
# # If the user isn't logged in...
# # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a>
# # If they are logged in...
# # => <a href="/accounts/show/3">my_username</a>
def link_to_if(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block)
link_to_unless !condition, name, options, html_options, &block
end
# Creates a mailto link tag to the specified +email_address+, which is
# also used as the name of the link unless +name+ is specified. Additional
# HTML attributes for the link can be passed in +html_options+.
#
# +mail_to+ has several methods for hindering email harvesters and customizing
# the email itself by passing special keys to +html_options+.
#
# ==== Options
# * <tt>:encode</tt> - This key will accept the strings "javascript" or "hex".
# Passing "javascript" will dynamically create and encode the mailto link then
# eval it into the DOM of the page. This method will not show the link on
# the page if the user has JavaScript disabled. Passing "hex" will hex
# encode the +email_address+ before outputting the mailto link.
# * <tt>:replace_at</tt> - When the link +name+ isn't provided, the
# +email_address+ is used for the link label. You can use this option to
# obfuscate the +email_address+ by substituting the @ sign with the string
# given as the value.
# * <tt>:replace_dot</tt> - When the link +name+ isn't provided, the
# +email_address+ is used for the link label. You can use this option to
# obfuscate the +email_address+ by substituting the . in the email with the
# string given as the value.
# * <tt>:subject</tt> - Preset the subject line of the email.
# * <tt>:body</tt> - Preset the body of the email.
# * <tt>:cc</tt> - Carbon Copy addition recipients on the email.
# * <tt>:bcc</tt> - Blind Carbon Copy additional recipients on the email.
#
# ==== Examples
# mail_to "me@domain.com"
# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com">me@domain.com</a>
#
# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "javascript"
# # => <script type="text/javascript">eval(decodeURIComponent('%64%6f%63...%27%29%3b'))</script>
#
# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "hex"
# # => <a href="mailto:%6d%65@%64%6f%6d%61%69%6e.%63%6f%6d">My email</a>
#
# mail_to "me@domain.com", nil, :replace_at => "_at_", :replace_dot => "_dot_", :class => "email"
# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com" class="email">me_at_domain_dot_com</a>
#
# mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :cc => "ccaddress@domain.com",
# :subject => "This is an example email"
# # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com?cc=ccaddress@domain.com&subject=This%20is%20an%20example%20email">My email</a>
def mail_to(email_address, name = nil, html_options = {})
email_address = ERB::Util.html_escape(email_address)
html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
encode = html_options.delete("encode").to_s
extras = %w{ cc bcc body subject }.map { |item|
option = html_options.delete(item) || next
"#{item}=#{Rack::Utils.escape(option).gsub("+", "%20")}"
}.compact
extras = extras.empty? ? '' : '?' + ERB::Util.html_escape(extras.join('&'))
email_address_obfuscated = email_address.dup
email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/@/, html_options.delete("replace_at")) if html_options.key?("replace_at")
email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/\./, html_options.delete("replace_dot")) if html_options.key?("replace_dot")
case encode
when "javascript"
string =
"document.write('#{content_tag("a", name || email_address_obfuscated.html_safe, html_options.merge("href" => "mailto:#{email_address}#{extras}".html_safe))}');".unpack('C*').map { |c|
sprintf("%%%x", c)
}.join
"<script type=\"#{Mime::JS}\">eval(decodeURIComponent('#{string}'))</script>".html_safe
when "hex"
email_address_encoded = email_address_obfuscated.unpack('C*').map {|c|
sprintf("&#%d;", c)
}.join
string = 'mailto:'.unpack('C*').map { |c|
sprintf("&#%d;", c)
}.join + email_address.unpack('C*').map { |c|
char = c.chr
char =~ /\w/ ? sprintf("%%%x", c) : char
}.join
content_tag "a", name || email_address_encoded.html_safe, html_options.merge("href" => "#{string}#{extras}".html_safe)
else
content_tag "a", name || email_address_obfuscated.html_safe, html_options.merge("href" => "mailto:#{email_address}#{extras}".html_safe)
end
end
# True if the current request URI was generated by the given +options+.
#
# ==== Examples
# Let's say we're in the <tt>/shop/checkout?order=desc</tt> action.
#
# current_page?(:action => 'process')
# # => false
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout')
# # => true
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'asc')
# # => false
#
# current_page?(:action => 'checkout')
# # => true
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout')
# # => false
#
# Let's say we're in the <tt>/shop/checkout?order=desc&page=1</tt> action.
#
# current_page?(:action => 'process')
# # => false
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout')
# # => true
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'1')
# # => true
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'2')
# # => false
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc')
# # => false
#
# current_page?(:action => 'checkout')
# # => true
#
# current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout')
# # => false
def current_page?(options)
unless request
raise "You cannot use helpers that need to determine the current " \
"page unless your view context provides a Request object " \
"in a #request method"
end
url_string = url_for(options)
# We ignore any extra parameters in the request_uri if the
# submitted url doesn't have any either. This lets the function
# work with things like ?order=asc
if url_string.index("?")
request_uri = request.fullpath
else
request_uri = request.path
end
if url_string =~ /^\w+:\/\//
url_string == "#{request.protocol}#{request.host_with_port}#{request_uri}"
else
url_string == request_uri
end
end
private
def convert_options_to_data_attributes(options, html_options)
if html_options.nil?
link_to_remote_options?(options) ? {'data-remote' => 'true'} : {}
else
html_options = html_options.stringify_keys
html_options['data-remote'] = 'true' if link_to_remote_options?(options) || link_to_remote_options?(html_options)
disable_with = html_options.delete("disable_with")
confirm = html_options.delete('confirm')
method = html_options.delete('method')
html_options["data-disable-with"] = disable_with if disable_with
html_options["data-confirm"] = confirm if confirm
add_method_to_attributes!(html_options, method) if method
html_options
end
end
def link_to_remote_options?(options)
options.is_a?(Hash) && options.key?('remote') && options.delete('remote')
end
def add_method_to_attributes!(html_options, method)
html_options["rel"] = "nofollow" if method.to_s.downcase != "get"
html_options["data-method"] = method
end
def options_for_javascript(options)
if options.empty?
'{}'
else
"{#{options.keys.map { |k| "#{k}:#{options[k]}" }.sort.join(', ')}}"
end
end
def array_or_string_for_javascript(option)
if option.kind_of?(Array)
"['#{option.join('\',\'')}']"
elsif !option.nil?
"'#{option}'"
end
end
# Processes the +html_options+ hash, converting the boolean
# attributes from true/false form into the form required by
# HTML/XHTML. (An attribute is considered to be boolean if
# its name is listed in the given +bool_attrs+ array.)
#
# More specifically, for each boolean attribute in +html_options+
# given as:
#
# "attr" => bool_value
#
# if the associated +bool_value+ evaluates to true, it is
# replaced with the attribute's name; otherwise the attribute is
# removed from the +html_options+ hash. (See the XHTML 1.0 spec,
# section 4.5 "Attribute Minimization" for more:
# http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#h-4.5)
#
# Returns the updated +html_options+ hash, which is also modified
# in place.
#
# Example:
#
# convert_boolean_attributes!( html_options,
# %w( checked disabled readonly ) )
def convert_boolean_attributes!(html_options, bool_attrs)
bool_attrs.each { |x| html_options[x] = x if html_options.delete(x) }
html_options
end
end
end
end
