module ActionController
# == Overview
#
# ActionController::Resources are a way of defining RESTful \resources. A RESTful \resource, in basic terms,
# is something that can be pointed at and it will respond with a representation of the data requested.
# In real terms this could mean a user with a browser requests an HTML page, or that a desktop application
# requests XML data.
#
# RESTful design is based on the assumption that there are four generic verbs that a user of an
# application can request from a \resource (the noun).
#
# \Resources can be requested using four basic HTTP verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), the method used
# denotes the type of action that should take place.
#
# === The Different Methods and their Usage
#
# * GET - Requests for a \resource, no saving or editing of a \resource should occur in a GET request.
# * POST - Creation of \resources.
# * PUT - Editing of attributes on a \resource.
# * DELETE - Deletion of a \resource.
#
# === Examples
#
# # A GET request on the Posts resource is asking for all Posts
# GET /posts
#
# # A GET request on a single Post resource is asking for that particular Post
# GET /posts/1
#
# # A POST request on the Posts resource is asking for a Post to be created with the supplied details
# POST /posts # with => { :post => { :title => "My Whizzy New Post", :body => "I've got a brand new combine harvester" } }
#
# # A PUT request on a single Post resource is asking for a Post to be updated
# PUT /posts # with => { :id => 1, :post => { :title => "Changed Whizzy Title" } }
#
# # A DELETE request on a single Post resource is asking for it to be deleted
# DELETE /posts # with => { :id => 1 }
#
# By using the REST convention, users of our application can assume certain things about how the data
# is requested and how it is returned. Rails simplifies the routing part of RESTful design by
# supplying you with methods to create them in your routes.rb file.
#
# Read more about REST at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer
module Resources
INHERITABLE_OPTIONS = :namespace, :shallow, :actions
class Resource #:nodoc:
DEFAULT_ACTIONS = :index, :create, :new, :edit, :show, :update, :destroy
attr_reader :collection_methods, :member_methods, :new_methods
attr_reader :path_prefix, :name_prefix, :path_segment
attr_reader :plural, :singular
attr_reader :options
def initialize(entities, options)
@plural ||= entities
@singular ||= options[:singular] || plural.to_s.singularize
@path_segment = options.delete(:as) || @plural
@options = options
arrange_actions
add_default_actions
set_allowed_actions
set_prefixes
end
def controller
@controller ||= "#{options[:namespace]}#{(options[:controller] || plural).to_s}"
end
def requirements(with_id = false)
@requirements ||= @options[:requirements] || {}
@id_requirement ||= { :id => @requirements.delete(:id) || /[^#{Routing::SEPARATORS.join}]+/ }
with_id ? @requirements.merge(@id_requirement) : @requirements
end
def conditions
@conditions ||= @options[:conditions] || {}
end
def path
@path ||= "#{path_prefix}/#{path_segment}"
end
def new_path
new_action = self.options[:path_names][:new] if self.options[:path_names]
new_action ||= Base.resources_path_names[:new]
@new_path ||= "#{path}/#{new_action}"
end
def shallow_path_prefix
@shallow_path_prefix ||= "#{path_prefix unless @options[:shallow]}"
end
def member_path
@member_path ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:id"
end
def nesting_path_prefix
@nesting_path_prefix ||= "#{shallow_path_prefix}/#{path_segment}/:#{singular}_id"
end
def shallow_name_prefix
@shallow_name_prefix ||= "#{name_prefix unless @options[:shallow]}"
end
def nesting_name_prefix
"#{shallow_name_prefix}#{singular}_"
end
def action_separator
@action_separator ||= Base.resource_action_separator
end
def uncountable?
@singular.to_s == @plural.to_s
end
def has_action?(action)
!DEFAULT_ACTIONS.include?(action) || @options[:actions].nil? || @options[:actions].include?(action)
end
protected
def arrange_actions
@collection_methods = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:collection))
@member_methods = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:member))
@new_methods = arrange_actions_by_methods(options.delete(:new))
end
def add_default_actions
add_default_action(member_methods, :get, :edit)
add_default_action(new_methods, :get, :new)
end
def set_allowed_actions
only = @options.delete(:only)
except = @options.delete(:except)
if only && except
raise ArgumentError, 'Please supply either :only or :except, not both.'
elsif only == :all || except == :none
options[:actions] = DEFAULT_ACTIONS
elsif only == :none || except == :all
options[:actions] = []
elsif only
options[:actions] = DEFAULT_ACTIONS & Array(only).map(&:to_sym)
elsif except
options[:actions] = DEFAULT_ACTIONS - Array(except).map(&:to_sym)
else
# leave options[:actions] alone
end
end
def set_prefixes
@path_prefix = options.delete(:path_prefix)
@name_prefix = options.delete(:name_prefix)
end
def arrange_actions_by_methods(actions)
(actions || {}).inject({}) do |flipped_hash, (key, value)|
(flipped_hash[value] ||= []) << key
flipped_hash
end
end
def add_default_action(collection, method, action)
(collection[method] ||= []).unshift(action)
end
end
class SingletonResource < Resource #:nodoc:
def initialize(entity, options)
@singular = @plural = entity
options[:controller] ||= @singular.to_s.pluralize
super
end
alias_method :shallow_path_prefix, :path_prefix
alias_method :shallow_name_prefix, :name_prefix
alias_method :member_path, :path
alias_method :nesting_path_prefix, :path
end
# Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers
# for a collection \resource.
#
# For example:
#
# map.resources :messages
#
# will map the following actions in the corresponding controller:
#
# class MessagesController < ActionController::Base
# # GET messages_url
# def index
# # return all messages
# end
#
# # GET new_message_url
# def new
# # return an HTML form for describing a new message
# end
#
# # POST messages_url
# def create
# # create a new message
# end
#
# # GET message_url(:id => 1)
# def show
# # find and return a specific message
# end
#
# # GET edit_message_url(:id => 1)
# def edit
# # return an HTML form for editing a specific message
# end
#
# # PUT message_url(:id => 1)
# def update
# # find and update a specific message
# end
#
# # DELETE message_url(:id => 1)
# def destroy
# # delete a specific message
# end
# end
#
# Along with the routes themselves, +resources+ generates named routes for use in
# controllers and views. <tt>map.resources :messages</tt> produces the following named routes and helpers:
#
# Named Route Helpers
# ============ =====================================================
# messages messages_url, hash_for_messages_url,
# messages_path, hash_for_messages_path
#
# message message_url(id), hash_for_message_url(id),
# message_path(id), hash_for_message_path(id)
#
# new_message new_message_url, hash_for_new_message_url,
# new_message_path, hash_for_new_message_path
#
# edit_message edit_message_url(id), hash_for_edit_message_url(id),
# edit_message_path(id), hash_for_edit_message_path(id)
#
# You can use these helpers instead of +url_for+ or methods that take +url_for+ parameters. For example:
#
# redirect_to :controller => 'messages', :action => 'index'
# # and
# <%= link_to "edit this message", :controller => 'messages', :action => 'edit', :id => @message.id %>
#
# now become:
#
# redirect_to messages_url
# # and
# <%= link_to "edit this message", edit_message_url(@message) # calls @message.id automatically
#
# Since web browsers don't support the PUT and DELETE verbs, you will need to add a parameter '_method' to your
# form tags. The form helpers make this a little easier. For an update form with a <tt>@message</tt> object:
#
# <%= form_tag message_path(@message), :method => :put %>
#
# or
#
# <% form_for :message, @message, :url => message_path(@message), :html => {:method => :put} do |f| %>
#
# or
#
# <% form_for @message do |f| %>
#
# which takes into account whether <tt>@message</tt> is a new record or not and generates the
# path and method accordingly.
#
# The +resources+ method accepts the following options to customize the resulting routes:
# * <tt>:collection</tt> - Add named routes for other actions that operate on the collection.
# Takes a hash of <tt>#{action} => #{method}</tt>, where method is <tt>:get</tt>/<tt>:post</tt>/<tt>:put</tt>/<tt>:delete</tt>,
# an array of any of the previous, or <tt>:any</tt> if the method does not matter.
# These routes map to a URL like /messages/rss, with a route of +rss_messages_url+.
# * <tt>:member</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on a specific member.
# * <tt>:new</tt> - Same as <tt>:collection</tt>, but for actions that operate on the new \resource action.
# * <tt>:controller</tt> - Specify the controller name for the routes.
# * <tt>:singular</tt> - Specify the singular name used in the member routes.
# * <tt>:requirements</tt> - Set custom routing parameter requirements; this is a hash of either
# regular expressions (which must match for the route to match) or extra parameters. For example:
#
# map.resource :profile, :path_prefix => ':name', :requirements => { :name => /[a-zA-Z]+/, :extra => 'value' }
#
# will only match if the first part is alphabetic, and will pass the parameter :extra to the controller.
# * <tt>:conditions</tt> - Specify custom routing recognition conditions. \Resources sets the <tt>:method</tt> value for the method-specific routes.
# * <tt>:as</tt> - Specify a different \resource name to use in the URL path. For example:
# # products_path == '/productos'
# map.resources :products, :as => 'productos' do |product|
# # product_reviews_path(product) == '/productos/1234/comentarios'
# product.resources :product_reviews, :as => 'comentarios'
# end
#
# * <tt>:has_one</tt> - Specify nested \resources, this is a shorthand for mapping singleton \resources beneath the current.
# * <tt>:has_many</tt> - Same has <tt>:has_one</tt>, but for plural \resources.
#
# You may directly specify the routing association with +has_one+ and +has_many+ like:
#
# map.resources :notes, :has_one => :author, :has_many => [:comments, :attachments]
#
# This is the same as:
#
# map.resources :notes do |notes|
# notes.resource :author
# notes.resources :comments
# notes.resources :attachments
# end
#
# * <tt>:path_names</tt> - Specify different names for the 'new' and 'edit' actions. For example:
# # new_products_path == '/productos/nuevo'
# map.resources :products, :as => 'productos', :path_names => { :new => 'nuevo', :edit => 'editar' }
#
# You can also set default action names from an environment, like this:
# config.action_controller.resources_path_names = { :new => 'nuevo', :edit => 'editar' }
#
# * <tt>:path_prefix</tt> - Set a prefix to the routes with required route variables.
#
# Weblog comments usually belong to a post, so you might use +resources+ like:
#
# map.resources :articles
# map.resources :comments, :path_prefix => '/articles/:article_id'
#
# You can nest +resources+ calls to set this automatically:
#
# map.resources :articles do |article|
# article.resources :comments
# end
#
# The comment \resources work the same, but must now include a value for <tt>:article_id</tt>.
#
# article_comments_url(@article)
# article_comment_url(@article, @comment)
#
# article_comments_url(:article_id => @article)
# article_comment_url(:article_id => @article, :id => @comment)
#
# If you don't want to load all objects from the database you might want to use the <tt>article_id</tt> directly:
#
# articles_comments_url(@comment.article_id, @comment)
#
# * <tt>:name_prefix</tt> - Define a prefix for all generated routes, usually ending in an underscore.
# Use this if you have named routes that may clash.
#
# map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/books/:book_id', :name_prefix => 'book_'
# map.resources :tags, :path_prefix => '/toys/:toy_id', :name_prefix => 'toy_'
#
# You may also use <tt>:name_prefix</tt> to override the generic named routes in a nested \resource:
#
# map.resources :articles do |article|
# article.resources :comments, :name_prefix => nil
# end
#
# This will yield named \resources like so:
#
# comments_url(@article)
# comment_url(@article, @comment)
#
# * <tt>:shallow</tt> - If true, paths for nested resources which reference a specific member
# (ie. those with an :id parameter) will not use the parent path prefix or name prefix.
#
# The <tt>:shallow</tt> option is inherited by any nested resource(s).
#
# For example, 'users', 'posts' and 'comments' all use shallow paths with the following nested resources:
#
# map.resources :users, :shallow => true do |user|
# user.resources :posts do |post|
# post.resources :comments
# end
# end
# # --> GET /users/1/posts (maps to the PostsController#index action as usual)
# # also adds the usual named route called "user_posts"
# # --> GET /posts/2 (maps to the PostsController#show action as if it were not nested)
# # also adds the named route called "post"
# # --> GET /posts/2/comments (maps to the CommentsController#index action)
# # also adds the named route called "post_comments"
# # --> GET /comments/2 (maps to the CommentsController#show action as if it were not nested)
# # also adds the named route called "comment"
#
# You may also use <tt>:shallow</tt> in combination with the +has_one+ and +has_many+ shorthand notations like:
#
# map.resources :users, :has_many => { :posts => :comments }, :shallow => true
#
# * <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> - Specify which of the seven default actions should be routed to.
#
# <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> may be set to <tt>:all</tt>, <tt>:none</tt>, an action name or a
# list of action names. By default, routes are generated for all seven actions.
#
# For example:
#
# map.resources :posts, :only => [:index, :show] do |post|
# post.resources :comments, :except => [:update, :destroy]
# end
# # --> GET /posts (maps to the PostsController#index action)
# # --> POST /posts (fails)
# # --> GET /posts/1 (maps to the PostsController#show action)
# # --> DELETE /posts/1 (fails)
# # --> POST /posts/1/comments (maps to the CommentsController#create action)
# # --> PUT /posts/1/comments/1 (fails)
#
# The <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options are inherited by any nested resource(s).
#
# If <tt>map.resources</tt> is called with multiple resources, they all get the same options applied.
#
# Examples:
#
# map.resources :messages, :path_prefix => "/thread/:thread_id"
# # --> GET /thread/7/messages/1
#
# map.resources :messages, :collection => { :rss => :get }
# # --> GET /messages/rss (maps to the #rss action)
# # also adds a named route called "rss_messages"
#
# map.resources :messages, :member => { :mark => :post }
# # --> POST /messages/1/mark (maps to the #mark action)
# # also adds a named route called "mark_message"
#
# map.resources :messages, :new => { :preview => :post }
# # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
# # also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
#
# map.resources :messages, :new => { :new => :any, :preview => :post }
# # --> POST /messages/new/preview (maps to the #preview action)
# # also adds a named route called "preview_new_message"
# # --> /messages/new can be invoked via any request method
#
# map.resources :messages, :controller => "categories",
# :path_prefix => "/category/:category_id",
# :name_prefix => "category_"
# # --> GET /categories/7/messages/1
# # has named route "category_message"
#
# The +resources+ method sets HTTP method restrictions on the routes it generates. For example, making an
# HTTP POST on <tt>new_message_url</tt> will raise a RoutingError exception. The default route in
# <tt>config/routes.rb</tt> overrides this and allows invalid HTTP methods for \resource routes.
def resources(*entities, &block)
options = entities.extract_options!
entities.each { |entity| map_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
end
# Creates named routes for implementing verb-oriented controllers for a singleton \resource.
# A singleton \resource is global to its current context. For unnested singleton \resources,
# the \resource is global to the current user visiting the application, such as a user's
# <tt>/account</tt> profile. For nested singleton \resources, the \resource is global to its parent
# \resource, such as a <tt>projects</tt> \resource that <tt>has_one :project_manager</tt>.
# The <tt>project_manager</tt> should be mapped as a singleton \resource under <tt>projects</tt>:
#
# map.resources :projects do |project|
# project.resource :project_manager
# end
#
# See +resources+ for general conventions. These are the main differences:
# * A singular name is given to <tt>map.resource</tt>. The default controller name is still taken from the plural name.
# * To specify a custom plural name, use the <tt>:plural</tt> option. There is no <tt>:singular</tt> option.
# * No default index route is created for the singleton \resource controller.
# * When nesting singleton \resources, only the singular name is used as the path prefix (example: 'account/messages/1')
#
# For example:
#
# map.resource :account
#
# maps these actions in the Accounts controller:
#
# class AccountsController < ActionController::Base
# # GET new_account_url
# def new
# # return an HTML form for describing the new account
# end
#
# # POST account_url
# def create
# # create an account
# end
#
# # GET account_url
# def show
# # find and return the account
# end
#
# # GET edit_account_url
# def edit
# # return an HTML form for editing the account
# end
#
# # PUT account_url
# def update
# # find and update the account
# end
#
# # DELETE account_url
# def destroy
# # delete the account
# end
# end
#
# Along with the routes themselves, +resource+ generates named routes for
# use in controllers and views. <tt>map.resource :account</tt> produces
# these named routes and helpers:
#
# Named Route Helpers
# ============ =============================================
# account account_url, hash_for_account_url,
# account_path, hash_for_account_path
#
# new_account new_account_url, hash_for_new_account_url,
# new_account_path, hash_for_new_account_path
#
# edit_account edit_account_url, hash_for_edit_account_url,
# edit_account_path, hash_for_edit_account_path
def resource(*entities, &block)
options = entities.extract_options!
entities.each { |entity| map_singleton_resource(entity, options.dup, &block) }
end
private
def map_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
resource = Resource.new(entities, options)
with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
map_collection_actions(map, resource)
map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
map_new_actions(map, resource)
map_member_actions(map, resource)
map_associations(resource, options)
if block_given?
with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
end
end
end
def map_singleton_resource(entities, options = {}, &block)
resource = SingletonResource.new(entities, options)
with_options :controller => resource.controller do |map|
map_collection_actions(map, resource)
map_new_actions(map, resource)
map_member_actions(map, resource)
map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
map_associations(resource, options)
if block_given?
with_options(options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix), &block)
end
end
end
def map_associations(resource, options)
map_has_many_associations(resource, options.delete(:has_many), options) if options[:has_many]
path_prefix = "#{options.delete(:path_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_path_prefix}"
name_prefix = "#{options.delete(:name_prefix)}#{resource.nesting_name_prefix}"
Array(options[:has_one]).each do |association|
resource(association, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => path_prefix, :name_prefix => name_prefix))
end
end
def map_has_many_associations(resource, associations, options)
case associations
when Hash
associations.each do |association,has_many|
map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options.merge(:has_many => has_many))
end
when Array
associations.each do |association|
map_has_many_associations(resource, association, options)
end
when Symbol, String
resources(associations, options.slice(*INHERITABLE_OPTIONS).merge(:path_prefix => resource.nesting_path_prefix, :name_prefix => resource.nesting_name_prefix, :has_many => options[:has_many]))
else
end
end
def map_collection_actions(map, resource)
resource.collection_methods.each do |method, actions|
actions.each do |action|
[method].flatten.each do |m|
map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action}", "#{action}_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}", m)
end
end
end
end
def map_default_collection_actions(map, resource)
index_route_name = "#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.plural}"
if resource.uncountable?
index_route_name << "_index"
end
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :index, resource.path, index_route_name)
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, index_route_name)
end
def map_default_singleton_actions(map, resource)
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :create, resource.path, "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}")
end
def map_new_actions(map, resource)
resource.new_methods.each do |method, actions|
actions.each do |action|
route_path = resource.new_path
route_name = "new_#{resource.name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
unless action == :new
route_path = "#{route_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action}"
route_name = "#{action}_#{route_name}"
end
map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name, method)
end
end
end
def map_member_actions(map, resource)
resource.member_methods.each do |method, actions|
actions.each do |action|
[method].flatten.each do |m|
action_path = resource.options[:path_names][action] if resource.options[:path_names].is_a?(Hash)
action_path ||= Base.resources_path_names[action] || action
map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, "#{resource.member_path}#{resource.action_separator}#{action_path}", "#{action}_#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}", m)
end
end
end
route_path = "#{resource.shallow_name_prefix}#{resource.singular}"
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :show, resource.member_path, route_path)
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :update, resource.member_path, route_path)
map_resource_routes(map, resource, :destroy, resource.member_path, route_path)
end
def map_resource_routes(map, resource, action, route_path, route_name = nil, method = nil)
if resource.has_action?(action)
action_options = action_options_for(action, resource, method)
formatted_route_path = "#{route_path}.:format"
if route_name && @set.named_routes[route_name.to_sym].nil?
map.named_route(route_name, formatted_route_path, action_options)
else
map.connect(formatted_route_path, action_options)
end
end
end
def add_conditions_for(conditions, method)
returning({:conditions => conditions.dup}) do |options|
options[:conditions][:method] = method unless method == :any
end
end
def action_options_for(action, resource, method = nil)
default_options = { :action => action.to_s }
require_id = !resource.kind_of?(SingletonResource)
case default_options[:action]
when "index", "new"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements)
when "create"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :post)).merge(resource.requirements)
when "show", "edit"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :get)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
when "update"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :put)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
when "destroy"; default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method || :delete)).merge(resource.requirements(require_id))
else default_options.merge(add_conditions_for(resource.conditions, method)).merge(resource.requirements)
end
end
end
end
