path: root/actionmailer/README.rdoc

= Action Mailer -- Easy email delivery and testing

Action Mailer is a framework for designing email service layers. These layers
are used to consolidate code for sending out forgotten passwords, welcome
wishes on signup, invoices for billing, and any other use case that requires
a written notification to either a person or another system.

Action Mailer is in essence a wrapper around Action Controller and the
Mail gem.  It provides a way to make emails using templates in the same
way that Action Controller renders views using templates.

Additionally, an Action Mailer class can be used to process incoming email,
such as allowing a blog to accept new posts from an email (which could even
have been sent from a phone).

== Sending emails

The framework works by initializing any instance variables you want to be
available in the email template, followed by a call to +mail+ to deliver
the email.

This can be as simple as:

  class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: 'system@loudthinking.com'

    def welcome(recipient)
      @recipient = recipient
      mail(to: recipient,
           subject: "[Signed up] Welcome #{recipient}")
    end
  end

The body of the email is created by using an Action View template (regular
ERB) that has the instance variables that are declared in the mailer action.

So the corresponding body template for the method above could look like this:

  Hello there,

  Mr. <%= @recipient %>

  Thank you for signing up!

If the recipient was given as "david@loudthinking.com", the email
generated would look like this:

  Date: Mon, 25 Jan 2010 22:48:09 +1100
  From: system@loudthinking.com
  To: david@loudthinking.com
  Message-ID: <4b5d84f9dd6a5_7380800b81ac29578@void.loudthinking.com.mail>
  Subject: [Signed up] Welcome david@loudthinking.com
  Mime-Version: 1.0
  Content-Type: text/plain;
  	charset="US-ASCII";
  Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

  Hello there,

  Mr. david@loudthinking.com

  Thank you for signing up!

In order to send mails, you simply call the method and then call +deliver+ on the return value.

Calling the method returns a Mail Message object:

  message = Notifier.welcome("david@loudthinking.com")  # => Returns a Mail::Message object
  message.deliver                                       # => delivers the email

Or you can just chain the methods together like:

  Notifier.welcome("david@loudthinking.com").deliver    # Creates the email and sends it immediately

== Setting defaults

It is possible to set default values that will be used in every method in your Action Mailer class. To implement this functionality, you just call the public class method <tt>default</tt> which you get for free from <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt>. This method accepts a Hash as the parameter. You can use any of the headers email messages have, like <tt>:from</tt> as the key. You can also pass in a string as the key, like "Content-Type", but Action Mailer does this out of the box for you, so you won't need to worry about that. Finally, it is also possible to pass in a Proc that will get evaluated when it is needed.

Note that every value you set with this method will get overwritten if you use the same key in your mailer method.

Example:

  class AuthenticationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
    default from: "awesome@application.com", subject: Proc.new { "E-mail was generated at #{Time.now}" }
    .....
  end

== Receiving emails

To receive emails, you need to implement a public instance method called <tt>receive</tt> that takes an
email object as its single parameter. The Action Mailer framework has a corresponding class method,
which is also called <tt>receive</tt>, that accepts a raw, unprocessed email as a string, which it then turns
into the email object and calls the receive instance method.

Example:

  class Mailman < ActionMailer::Base
    def receive(email)
      page = Page.find_by(address: email.to.first)
      page.emails.create(
        subject: email.subject, body: email.body
      )

      if email.has_attachments?
        email.attachments.each do |attachment|
          page.attachments.create({
            file: attachment, description: email.subject
          })
        end
      end
    end
  end

This Mailman can be the target for Postfix or other MTAs. In Rails, you would use the runner in the
trivial case like this:

  rails runner 'Mailman.receive(STDIN.read)'

However, invoking Rails in the runner for each mail to be received is very resource intensive.  A single
instance of Rails should be run within a daemon, if it is going to process more than just a limited amount of email.

== Configuration

The Base class has the full list of configuration options. Here's an example:

  ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings = {
    address:        'smtp.yourserver.com', # default: localhost
    port:           '25',                  # default: 25
    user_name:      'user',
    password:       'pass',
    authentication: :plain                 # :plain, :login or :cram_md5
  }


== Download and installation

The latest version of Action Mailer can be installed with RubyGems:

  % [sudo] gem install actionmailer

Source code can be downloaded as part of the Rails project on GitHub

* https://github.com/rails/rails/tree/master/actionmailer


== License

Action Mailer is released under the MIT license:

* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT


== Support

API documentation is at

* http://api.rubyonrails.org

Bug reports and feature requests can be filed with the rest for the Ruby on Rails project here:

* https://github.com/rails/rails/issues