PHP Markdown
============
PHP Markdown Lib 1.9.1 - 23 Nov 2021
by Michel Fortin
<https://michelf.ca/>
based on Markdown by John Gruber
<https://daringfireball.net/>
Introduction
------------
This is a library package that includes the PHP Markdown parser and its
sibling PHP Markdown Extra with additional features.
Markdown is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown
allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text
format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML).
"Markdown" is actually two things: a plain text markup syntax, and a
software tool, originally written in Perl, that converts the plain text
markup to HTML. PHP Markdown is a port to PHP of the original Markdown
program by John Gruber.
* [Full documentation of the Markdown syntax](<https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>)
— Daring Fireball (John Gruber)
* [Markdown Extra syntax additions](<https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/>)
— Michel Fortin
Requirement
-----------
This library package requires PHP 5.3 or later.
Note: The older plugin/library hybrid package for PHP Markdown and
PHP Markdown Extra is no longer maintained but will work with PHP 4.0.5 and
later.
Before PHP 5.3.7, pcre.backtrack_limit defaults to 100 000, which is too small
in many situations. You might need to set it to higher values. Later PHP
releases defaults to 1 000 000, which is usually fine.
Usage
-----
To use this library with Composer, first install it with:
$ composer require michelf/php-markdown
Then include Composer's generated vendor/autoload.php to [enable autoloading]:
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
Without Composer, for autoloading to work, your project needs an autoloader
compatible with PSR-4 or PSR-0. See the included Readme.php file for a minimal
autoloader setup. (If you cannot use autoloading, see below.)
With class autoloading in place:
use Michelf\Markdown;
$my_html = Markdown::defaultTransform($my_text);
Markdown Extra syntax is also available the same way:
use Michelf\MarkdownExtra;
$my_html = MarkdownExtra::defaultTransform($my_text);
If you wish to use PHP Markdown with another text filter function
built to parse HTML, you should filter the text *after* the `transform`
function call. This is an example with [PHP SmartyPants]:
use Michelf\Markdown, Michelf\SmartyPants;
$my_html = Markdown::defaultTransform($my_text);
$my_html = SmartyPants::defaultTransform($my_html);
All these examples are using the static `defaultTransform` static function
found inside the parser class. If you want to customize the parser
configuration, you can also instantiate it directly and change some
configuration variables:
use Michelf\MarkdownExtra;
$parser = new MarkdownExtra;
$parser->fn_id_prefix = "post22-";
$my_html = $parser->transform($my_text);
To learn more, see the full list of [configuration variables].
[enable autoloading]: https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#autoloading
[PHP SmartyPants]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-smartypants/
[configuration variables]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/configuration/
### Usage without an autoloader
If you cannot use class autoloading, you can still use `include` or `require`
to access the parser. To load the `Michelf\Markdown` parser, do it this way:
require_once 'Michelf/Markdown.inc.php';
Or, if you need the `Michelf\MarkdownExtra` parser:
require_once 'Michelf/MarkdownExtra.inc.php';
While the plain `.php` files depend on autoloading to work correctly, using the
`.inc.php` files instead will eagerly load the dependencies that would be
loaded on demand if you were using autoloading.
Public API and Versioning Policy
---------------------------------
Version numbers are of the form *major*.*minor*.*patch*.
The public API of PHP Markdown consist of the two parser classes `Markdown`
and `MarkdownExtra`, their constructors, the `transform` and `defaultTransform`
functions and their configuration variables. The public API is stable for
a given major version number. It might get additions when the minor version
number increments.
**Protected members are not considered public API.** This is unconventional
and deserves an explanation. Incrementing the major version number every time
the underlying implementation of something changes is going to give
nonessential version numbers for the vast majority of people who just use the
parser. Protected members are meant to create parser subclasses that behave in
different ways. Very few people create parser subclasses. I don't want to
discourage it by making everything private, but at the same time I can't
guarantee any stable hook between versions if you use protected members.
**Syntax changes** will increment the minor number for new features, and the
patch number for small corrections. A *new feature* is something that needs a
change in the syntax documentation. Note that since PHP Markdown Lib includes
two parsers, a syntax change for either of them will increment the minor
number. Also note that there is nothing perfectly backward-compatible with the
Markdown syntax: all inputs are always valid, so new features always replace
something that was previously legal, although generally nonsensical to do.
Bugs
----
To file bug reports please send email to:
<michel.fortin@michelf.ca>
Please include with your report: (1) the example input; (2) the output you
expected; (3) the output PHP Markdown actually produced.
If you have a problem where Markdown gives you an empty result, first check
that the backtrack limit is not too low by running `php --info | grep pcre`.
See Installation and Requirement above for details.
Development and Testing
-----------------------
Pull requests for fixing bugs are welcome. Proposed new features are
going to be meticulously reviewed -- taking into account backward compatibility,
potential side effects, and future extensibility -- before deciding on
acceptance or rejection.
If you make a pull request that includes changes to the parser please add
tests for what is being changed to the `test/` directory. This can be as
simple as adding a `.text` (input) file with a corresponding `.xhtml`
(output) file to proper category under `./test/resources/`.
Traditionally tests were in a separate repository, [MDTest](https://github.com/michelf/mdtest)
but they are now located here, alongside the source code.
Donations
---------
If you wish to make a donation that will help me devote more time to
PHP Markdown, please visit [michelf.ca/donate].
[michelf.ca/donate]: https://michelf.ca/donate/#!Thanks%20for%20PHP%20Markdown
Version History
---------------
PHP Markdown Lib 1.9.1 (23 Nov 2021)
* Now treating `<details>` and `<summary>` as block level so they don't
get wrapped in `<p>`.
(Thanks to Thomas Hochstein for the fix.)
* Fix for unintended blank title attribute when adding supplementary attributes
to a link in Markdown Extra.
(Thanks to Richie Black for the fix.)
PHP Markdown Lib 1.9.0 (1 Dec 2019)
* Added `fn_backlink_label` configuration variable to put some text in the
`aria-label` attribute.
(Thanks to Sunny Walker for the implementation.)
* Occurances of "`^^`" in `fn_backlink_html`, `fn_backlink_class`,
`fn_backlink_title`, and `fn_backlink_label` will be replaced by the
corresponding footnote number in the HTML output. Occurances of "`%%`" will be
replaced by a number for the reference (footnotes can have multiple references).
(Thanks to Sunny Walker for the implementation.)
* Added configuration variable `omit_footnotes`. When `true` footnotes are not
appended at the end of the generated HTML and the `footnotes_assembled`
variable will contain the HTML for the footnote list, allowing footnotes to be
moved somewhere else on the page.
(Thanks to James K. for the implementation.)
Note: when placing the content of `footnotes_assembled` on the page, consider
adding the attribute `role="doc-endnotes"` to the `<div>` or `<section>` that will
enclose the list of footnotes so they are reachable to accessibility tools the
same way they would be with the default HTML output.
* Fixed deprecation warnings from PHP about usage of curly braces to access
characters in text strings.
(Thanks to Remi Collet and Frans-Willem Post.)
PHP Markdown Lib 1.8.0 (14 Jan 2018)
* Autoloading with Composer now uses PSR-4.
* HTML output for Markdown Extra footnotes now include `role` attributes
with values from [WAI-ARIA](https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria/) to
make them more accessible.
(Thanks to Tobias Bengfort)
* In Markdown Extra, added the `hashtag_protection` configuration variable.
When set to `true` it prevents ATX-style headers with no space after the initial
hash from being interpreted as headers. This way your precious hashtags
are preserved.
(Thanks to Jaussoin Timothée for the implementation.)
PHP Markdown Lib 1.7.0 (29 Oct 2016)
* Added a `hard_wrap` configuration variable to make all newline characters
in the text become `<br>` tags in the HTML output. By default, according
to the standard Markdown syntax these newlines are ignored unless they a
preceded by two spaces. Thanks to Jonathan Cohlmeyer for the implementation.
* Improved the parsing of list items to fix problematic cases that came to
light with the addition of `hard_wrap`. This should have no effect on the
output except span-level list items that ended with two spaces (and thus
ended with a line break).
* Added a `code_span_content_func` configuration variable which takes a
function that will convert the content of the code span to HTML. This can
be useful to implement syntax highlighting. Although contrary to its
code block equivalent, there is no syntax for specifying a language.
Credits to styxit for the implementation.
* Fixed a Markdown Extra issue where two-space-at-end-of-line hard breaks
wouldn't work inside of HTML block elements such as `<p markdown="1">`
where the element expects only span-level content.
* In the parser code, switched to PHPDoc comment format. Thanks to
Robbie Averill for the help.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.6.0 (23 Dec 2015)
Note: this version was incorrectly released as 1.5.1 on Dec 22, a number
that contradicted the versioning policy.
* For fenced code blocks in Markdown Extra, can now set a class name for the
code block's language before the special attribute block. Previously, this
class name was only allowed in the absence of the special attribute block.
* Added a `code_block_content_func` configuration variable which takes a
function that will convert the content of the code block to HTML. This is
most useful for syntax highlighting. For fenced code blocks in Markdown
Extra, the function has access to the language class name (the one outside
of the special attribute block). Credits to Mario Konrad for providing the
implementation.
* The curled arrow character for the backlink in footnotes is now followed
by a Unicode variant selector to prevent it from being displayed in emoji
form on iOS.
Note that in older browsers the variant selector is often interpreted as a
separate character, making it visible after the arrow. So there is now a
also a `fn_backlink_html` configuration variable that can be used to set
the link text to something else. Credits to Dana for providing the
implementation.
* Fixed an issue in MarkdownExtra where long header lines followed by a
special attribute block would hit the backtrack limit an cause an empty
string to be returned.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.5.0 (1 Mar 2015)
* Added the ability start ordered lists with a number different from 1 and
and have that reflected in the HTML output. This can be enabled with
the `enhanced_ordered_lists` configuration variable for the Markdown
parser; it is enabled by default for Markdown Extra.
Credits to Matt Gorle for providing the implementation.
* Added the ability to insert custom HTML attributes with simple values
everywhere an extra attribute block is allowed (links, images, headers).
The value must be unquoted, cannot contains spaces and is limited to
alphanumeric ASCII characters.
Credits to Peter Droogmans for providing the implementation.
* Added a `header_id_func` configuration variable which takes a function
that can generate an `id` attribute value from the header text.
Credits to Evert Pot for providing the implementation.
* Added a `url_filter_func` configuration variable which takes a function
that can rewrite any link or image URL to something different.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.4.1 (4 May 2014)
* The HTML block parser will now treat `<figure>` as a block-level element
(as it should) and no longer wrap it in `<p>` or parse it's content with
the as Markdown syntax (although with Extra you can use `markdown="1"`
if you wish to use the Markdown syntax inside it).
* The content of `<style>` elements will now be left alone, its content
won't be interpreted as Markdown.
* Corrected an bug where some inline links with spaces in them would not
work even when surounded with angle brackets:
[link](<s p a c e s>)
* Fixed an issue where email addresses with quotes in them would not always
have the quotes escaped in the link attribute, causing broken links (and
invalid HTML).
* Fixed the case were a link definition following a footnote definition would
be swallowed by the footnote unless it was separated by a blank line.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.4.0 (29 Nov 2013)
* Added support for the `tel:` URL scheme in automatic links.
<tel:+1-111-111-1111>
It gets converted to this (note the `tel:` prefix becomes invisible):
<a href="tel:+1-111-111-1111">+1-111-111-1111</a>
* Added backtick fenced code blocks to MarkdownExtra, originally from
Github-Flavored Markdown.
* Added an interface called MarkdownInterface implemented by both
the Markdown and MarkdownExtra parsers. You can use the interface if
you want to create a mockup parser object for unit testing.
* For those of you who cannot use class autoloading, you can now
include `Michelf/Markdown.inc.php` or `Michelf/MarkdownExtra.inc.php` (note
the `.inc.php` extension) to automatically include other files required
by the parser.
PHP Markdown Lib 1.3 (11 Apr 2013)
This is the first release of PHP Markdown Lib. This package requires PHP
version 5.3 or later and is designed to work with PSR-0 autoloading and,
optionally with Composer. Here is a list of the changes since
PHP Markdown Extra 1.2.6:
* Plugin interface for WordPress and other systems is no longer present in
the Lib package. The classic package is still available if you need it:
<https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/classic/>
* Added `public` and `protected` protection attributes, plus a section about
what is "public API" and what isn't in the Readme file.
* Changed HTML output for footnotes: now instead of adding `rel` and `rev`
attributes, footnotes links have the class name `footnote-ref` and
backlinks `footnote-backref`.
* Fixed some regular expressions to make PCRE not shout warnings about POSIX
collation classes (dependent on your version of PCRE).
* Added optional class and id attributes to images and links using the same
syntax as for headers:
[link](url){#id .class}
{#id .class}
It work too for reference-style links and images. In this case you need
to put those attributes at the reference definition:
[link][linkref] or [linkref]
![img][linkref]
[linkref]: url "optional title" {#id .class}
* Fixed a PHP notice message triggered when some table column separator
markers are missing on the separator line below column headers.
* Fixed a small mistake that could cause the parser to retain an invalid
state related to parsing links across multiple runs. This was never
observed (that I know of), but it's still worth fixing.
Copyright and License
---------------------
PHP Markdown Lib
Copyright (c) 2004-2021 Michel Fortin
<https://michelf.ca/>
All rights reserved.
Based on Markdown
Copyright (c) 2003-2005 John Gruber
<https://daringfireball.net/>
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name "Markdown" nor the names of its contributors may
be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as
is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited
to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright owner
or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special,
exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to,
procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or
profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of
liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including
negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this
software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
