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* Add Exim and Qmail support to Action MailboxGeorge Claghorn2019-01-121-1/+1
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* Merge pull request #34907 from wildbit/actionmailbox-postmarkGeorge Claghorn2019-01-091-0/+1
|\ | | | | Add Postmark ingress support to ActionMailbox
| * Added Postmark ingress supportTomek Maszkowski2019-01-091-0/+1
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* | Move MailDeliveryJob default to 6.0 defaultsGannon McGibbon2019-01-071-0/+27
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* Test Action Mailbox configurationsbogdanvlviv2019-01-041-0/+71
| | | | Related to https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/0d40c62213cf0be58a470637bd364e92c5666402
* Send Active Storage jobs to dedicated queues by defaultGeorge Claghorn2019-01-041-0/+28
| | | Match Action Mailbox, which sets a default queue for each of its two jobs.
* Merge pull request #33985 from eugeneius/attribute_methods_schema_cacheKasper Timm Hansen2019-01-031-1/+63
|\ | | | | Only define attribute methods from schema cache
| * Only define attribute methods from schema cacheEugene Kenny2018-09-281-1/+63
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To define the attribute methods for a model, Active Record needs to know the schema of the underlying table, which is usually achieved by making a request to the database. This is undesirable behaviour while the app is booting, for two reasons: it makes the boot process dependent on the availability of the database, and it means every new process will make one query for each table, which can cause issues for large applications. However, if the application is using the schema cache dump feature, then the schema cache already contains the necessary information, and we can define the attribute methods without causing any extra database queries.
* | Add Rake task for testing mailboxesGeorge Claghorn2018-12-301-2/+14
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* | Import Action MailboxGeorge Claghorn2018-12-251-7/+22
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* | No need to handle if FrozenError is availableYasuo Honda2018-12-231-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5, which introduces `FrozenError` https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/2.5.0/NEWS.html Related to #31520
* | Enable `Style/RedundantBegin` cop to avoid newly adding redundant begin blockRyuta Kamizono2018-12-213-48/+40
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently we sometimes find a redundant begin block in code review (e.g. https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/33604#discussion_r209784205). I'd like to enable `Style/RedundantBegin` cop to avoid that, since rescue/else/ensure are allowed inside do/end blocks in Ruby 2.5 (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12906), so we'd probably meets with that situation than before.
* | Module#{define_method,alias_method,undef_method,remove_method} become public ↵Ryuta Kamizono2018-12-211-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | since Ruby 2.5 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14133
* | Clarify implicit meaning of 'workers: 2' in parallelization tests.Kasper Timm Hansen2018-12-191-6/+8
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* | Add option to set parallel test worker count to the physical core count of ↵Bogdan2018-12-181-5/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | the machine (#34735) * Add option to set parallel test worker count to the physical core count of the machine Also, use the physical core count of the machine as the default number of workers, and generate the `test_helper.rb` file with `parallelize(workers: :number_of_processors)` Closes #34734 * Ensure that we always test parallel testing Since #34734 we decided to use the physical core count of the machine as the default number of workers in the parallel testing, we need to ensure that some tests use at least 2 workers because we could run those tests on VM that has only 1 physical core. It also fixes tests failures on the CI since Travis server we are using has only one physical core. See https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails/jobs/469281088#L2352
* | Introduce a guard against DNS rebinding attacksGenadi Samokovarov2018-12-151-6/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The ActionDispatch::HostAuthorization is a new middleware that prevent against DNS rebinding and other Host header attacks. By default it is included only in the development environment with the following configuration: Rails.application.config.hosts = [ IPAddr.new("0.0.0.0/0"), # All IPv4 addresses. IPAddr.new("::/0"), # All IPv6 addresses. "localhost" # The localhost reserved domain. ] In other environments, `Rails.application.config.hosts` is empty and no Host header checks will be done. If you want to guard against header attacks on production, you have to manually permit the allowed hosts with: Rails.application.config.hosts << "product.com" The host of a request is checked against the hosts entries with the case operator (#===), which lets hosts support entries of type RegExp, Proc and IPAddr to name a few. Here is an example with a regexp. # Allow requests from subdomains like `www.product.com` and # `beta1.product.com`. Rails.application.config.hosts << /.*\.product\.com/ A special case is supported that allows you to permit all sub-domains: # Allow requests from subdomains like `www.product.com` and # `beta1.product.com`. Rails.application.config.hosts << ".product.com"
* | Improve deprecation message for enqueue returning falseRafael Mendonça França2018-12-051-0/+27
| | | | | | | | | | | | And make sure new applications in Rails 6.0 has this config enabled. Also, improve test coverage and add a CHANGELOG entry.
* | Merge pull request #33882 from ↵Rafael França2018-11-301-26/+54
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | mberlanda/mberlanda/as-inheritable-options-intialization [Realties] config_for as ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions
| * | chore: implement config_for as ActiveSupport::OrderedOptionsMauro Berlanda2018-10-191-26/+54
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* | | Compile packs before run testyuuji.yaginuma2018-11-221-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sometimes `test_scaffold_tests_pass_by_default` test fails in CI. https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails/jobs/457621750#L2095-L2120 It seems `manifest.json` was broken. `webpacker` will compile automatically if packs is not compiled. If parallel test is enabled, it seems that this compilation process is executed simultaneously in multiple processes, and it may become an inconsistent state. In order to avoid this, compile before running the test.
* | | Correctly handle unknown object in parallel testsyuuji.yaginuma2018-11-171-0/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DRb wraps in `DRbUnknown` if the data contains a type that can not be resolved locally. This can happen if an error occurs in the test and the error class can not be resolved on the server side. When this happens, an instance of `DRbUnknown` is passed to the `result` of `Server#record`. This causes another error(undefined method assertions for #<DRb::DRbUnknown:> (NoMethodError)) in `reporter.record`. This can confirm by the following steps. ``` $ rails new app -B --dev; cd app $ rails g scaffold user name:string $ edit `config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection = true` in environments/test.rb $ bin/rails t ``` In the case of `DRbUnknown` occurs, can't resolve error exception. So wrap exception with `DRbRemoteError` in the same way as an unmarshalled object.
* | | Merge pull request #34400 from gmcgibbon/rm_autoload_app_javascriptsRafael França2018-11-131-0/+8
|\ \ \ | | | | | | | | Remove asset paths from autoload_paths
| * | | Remove asset paths from eager_load_paths and autoload_pathsGannon McGibbon2018-11-091-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove `app/assets` and `app/javascript` from `eager_load_paths` and `autoload_paths`.
* | | | Merge pull request #34411 from N0xFF/masterRafael França2018-11-131-0/+25
|\ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | Reset Capybara sessions if failed system test screenshot raising an exception
| * | | | Reset sessions on failed system test screenshotMaxim Perepelitsa2018-11-131-0/+25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reset Capybara sessions if `take_failed_screenshot` raise exception in system test `after_teardown`.
* | | | | Ignore warnings such as `Psych.safe_load is deprecated`Yasuo Honda2018-11-131-0/+2
| |/ / / |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Addressing warnings are important but it should be out of this test scope. https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails/jobs/454145524#L4122-L4131 ``` .F Failure: ApplicationTests::BinSetupTest#test_bin_setup_output [test/application/bin_setup_test.rb:49]: --- expected +++ actual @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ "== Installing dependencies == +warning: Passing permitted_classes with the 2nd argument of Psych.safe_load is deprecated. Use keyword argument like Psych.safe_load(yaml, permitted_classes: ...) instead. The Gemfile's dependencies are satisfied == Preparing database == rails test test/application/bin_setup_test.rb:38 ```
* | | | Add test for parallel tests with unmarshable exceptionyuuji.yaginuma2018-11-091-0/+24
|/ / / | | | | | | | | | Follow up #34131.
* | | Remove unused argument `expected_database`bogdanvlviv2018-11-081-5/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | This argument was added in fa5a028ed9f, and #34137 but hasn't been used.
* | | Compile packs for testyuuji.yaginuma2018-11-081-2/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | `Webpacker` handles testing / development packs separately by default. If do not specify `RAILS_ENV`, there is no merit to precompile.
* | | Add multi-db support to schema cache dump and clearGannon McGibbon2018-11-071-0/+31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
* | | Implement AR#inspect using ParamterFilter.Yoshiyuki Kinjo2018-10-191-1/+1
|/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AR instance support `filter_parameters` since #33756. Though Regex or Proc is valid as `filter_parameters`, they are not supported as AR#inspect. I also add :mask option and #filter_params to `ActiveSupport::ParameterFilter#new` to implement this.
* | Add multi-db support to rails db:migrate:statusGannon McGibbon2018-10-091-19/+51
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* | Remove bundler warnings from bin/setup outputGannon McGibbon2018-10-051-8/+10
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* | Make Webpacker the default JavaScript compiler for Rails 6 (#33079)David Heinemeier Hansson2018-09-303-24/+14
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * Use Webpacker by default on new apps * Stop including coffee-rails by default * Drop using a js_compressor by default * Drop extra test for coffeescript inclusion by default * Stick with skip_javascript to signify skipping webpack * Don't install a JS runtime by default any more * app/javascript will be the new default directory for JS * Make it clear that this is just for configuring the default Webpack framework setup now * Start using the Webpack tag in the default layout * Irrelevant test * jQuery is long gone * Stop having asset pipeline compile default application.js * Add rails-ujs by default to the Webpack setup * Add Active Storage JavaScript to application.js pack by default * Consistent quoting * Add Turbolinks to default pack * Add Action Cable to default pack Need some work on how to set the global consumer that channels will work with. @javan? * Require all channels by default and use a separate consumer stub * Channel generator now targets Webpack style * Update task docs to match new generator style * Use uniform import style * Drop the JS assets generator It was barely helpful as it was. It’s no longer helpful in a Webpacked world. Sayonara! * Add app/javascript to the stats directories * Simpler import style Which match the other imports. * Address test failures from dropping JS compilation (and compression) * webpacker-default: Modify `AssetsGeneratorTest` Before: ``` $ bin/test test/generators/assets_generator_test.rb Run options: --seed 46201 F Failure: AssetsGeneratorTest#test_assets [/Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/assets_generator_test.rb:12]: Expected file "app/assets/javascripts/posts.js" to exist, but does not bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/assets_generator_test.rb:10 . Finished in 0.031343s, 63.8101 runs/s, 95.7152 assertions/s. 2 runs, 3 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips ``` After: ``` $ bin/test test/generators/assets_generator_test.rb Run options: --seed 43571 .. Finished in 0.030370s, 65.8545 runs/s, 65.8545 assertions/s. 2 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips ``` * webpacker-default: Modify `ChannelGeneratorTest` Before: ``` $ bin/test test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb Run options: --seed 8986 .F Failure: ChannelGeneratorTest#test_channel_with_multiple_actions_is_created [/Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:43]: Expected file "app/assets/javascripts/channels/chat.js" to exist, but does not bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:34 .F Failure: ChannelGeneratorTest#test_channel_is_created [/Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:29]: Expected file "app/assets/javascripts/channels/chat.js" to exist, but does not bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:22 E Error: ChannelGeneratorTest#test_cable_js_is_created_if_not_present_already: Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory @ apply2files - /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/fixtures/tmp/app/assets/javascripts/cable.js bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:60 F Failure: ChannelGeneratorTest#test_channel_suffix_is_not_duplicated [/Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:87]: Expected file "app/assets/javascripts/channels/chat.js" to exist, but does not bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:80 F Failure: ChannelGeneratorTest#test_channel_on_revoke [/Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:77]: Expected file "app/assets/javascripts/cable.js" to exist, but does not bin/test /Users/ttanimichi/ghq/github.com/ttanimichi/rails/railties/test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb:68 Finished in 0.064384s, 108.7227 runs/s, 481.4861 assertions/s. 7 runs, 31 assertions, 4 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips ``` After: ``` $ bin/test test/generators/channel_generator_test.rb Run options: --seed 44857 ....... Finished in 0.060243s, 116.1961 runs/s, 697.1764 assertions/s. 7 runs, 42 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips ``` * Fix shared generator tests. * webpacker-default: Modify `ControllerGeneratorTest` The JS assets generator was dropped. ref. https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/46215b179483d3e4d264555f5a4952f43eb8142a * Revert "Simpler import style". It's currently failing with an error of "TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating '__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2_activestorage___default.a.start')". Waiting for @javan to have a look. This reverts commit 5d3ebb71059f635d3756cbda4ab9752027e09256. * require webpacker in test app * Add webpacker without making the build hang/timeout. (#33640) * use yarn workspaces to allow for installing unreleased packages and only generate js/bootsnap when required * no longer need to have webpacker in env templates as webpacker moved this config to yml file * Fix rubocop violation * Got the test passing for the running scaffold * update expected lines of code * update middleware tests to account for webpacker * disable js in plugins be default to get the tests passing (#34009) * clear codeclimate report issues * Anything newer than currently released is good * Use Webpacker development version during development of Rails * Edge should get development webpacker as well * Add changelog entry for Webpacker change
* Eagerly define attribute methods in productionEugene Kenny2018-09-241-0/+47
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The attribute methods for a model are currently defined lazily the first time that model is instantiated, even when `config.eager_load` is true. This means the first request to use each model incurs the cost, which usually involves a database round trip to fetch the schema definition. By defining the attribute methods for all models while the application is booting, we move that work out of any individual request. When using a forking web server, this also reduces the number of times the schema definition is queried by doing it once in the parent process instead of from each forked process during their first request.
* Make sure this test check the issue solved in #31135Rafael Mendonça França2018-09-221-6/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Before this change this test was passing even if we revert #31135. The reason for that is that `app 'development'` will load the environment in the test process and it is happening before db_create_and_drop is called. This was not asserting that the environment was loaded in the db:create task itself. To test it we enhance the db:create task with a block that writes to a tmp file the value of the config. If the environment is loaded before that task enhancement runs the content of the file will have "true" insteand of "false".
* Switch to supports_cache_versioning? check to a class methodschneems2018-09-201-1/+1
| | | | | - Moving the `supports_cache_versioning?` check to a class method. - Shorten the method doc. - Expand on the error message.
* [close #33907] Error when using "recyclable" cache keys with a store that ↵schneems2018-09-201-0/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | does not support it If you are using the "in cache versioning" also known as "recyclable cache keys" the cache store must be aware of this scheme, otherwise you will generate cache entries that never invalidate. This PR adds a check to the initialization process to ensure that if recyclable cache keys are being used via ``` config.active_record.cache_versioning = true ``` Then the cache store needs to show that it supports this versioning scheme. Cache stores can let Rails know that they support this scheme by adding a method `supports_in_cache_versioning?` and returning true.
* Add test for `config.active_storage.routes_prefix`yuuji.yaginuma2018-09-151-0/+18
| | | | Follow up #33883.
* Add a test that exercice better the behavior we expect in the query cacheRafael Mendonça França2018-09-121-2/+43
| | | | | | | In production the query cache was already being loaded before the first request even without #33856, so added a test to make sure of it. This new test is passing even if #33856 is reverted.
* Build string set when `filter_attributes` is assignedbogdanvlviv2018-09-121-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | It would allow `filter_attributes` to be reused across multiple calls to `#inspect` or `#pretty_print`. - Add `require "set"` - Remove `filter_attributes` instance reader. I think there is no need to keep it.
* Fix query cache to load before first requestEileen Uchitelle2018-09-121-0/+33
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In a test app we observed that the query cache was not enabled on the first request. This was because the query cache hooks are installed on load and active record is loaded in the middle of the first request. If we remove the `on_load` from the railtie the query cache hooks will be installed before the first request, allowing the cache to be enabled on that first request. This is ok because query cache doesn't load anything else, only itself so we're not eager loading all of active record before the first request, just the query cache hooks. [Eileen M. Uchitelle & Matthew Draper]
* Merge pull request #33815 from mberlanda/mberlanda/enhance-config-forRafael França2018-09-111-2/+49
|\ | | | | Use ActiveSupport::InheritableOptions and deep_symbolize_keys in config_for
| * refacto: config_for with ActiveSupport::InheritableOptions and symbolized keysMauro Berlanda2018-09-111-2/+49
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* | Use correct variableyuuji.yaginuma2018-09-111-4/+4
| | | | | | | | Follow up of 3e81490717a314437f9123d86fa3e9dc55558e95.
* | Remove all references to slave in the codebaseRafael Mendonça França2018-09-103-21/+21
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* Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out ↵Zhang Kang2018-09-071-0/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sensitive value of database column when call `#inspect` * Why Some sensitive data will be exposed in log accidentally by calling `#inspect`, e.g. ```ruby @account = Account.find params[:id] payload = { account: @account } logger.info "payload will be #{ payload }" ``` All the information of `@account` will be exposed in log. * Solution Add a class attribute filter_attributes to specify which values of columns shouldn't be exposed. This attribute equals to `Rails.application.config.filter_parameters` by default. ```ruby Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number] Account.last.insepct # => #<Account id: 123, credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...> ```
* Respect config setting when output deprecation notice in rake tasksyuuji.yaginuma2018-09-044-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | The rake tasks which became deprecate now does not load the environment. Therefore, even if the application specifies the behavior of deprecating, the message is output to stderr ignoring the specification. It seems that this is not the expected behavior. We should respect the setting even in the rake tasks.
* Convert configs_for to kwargs, add include_replicasEileen Uchitelle2018-08-311-7/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | Changes the `configs_for` method from using traditional arguments to using kwargs. This is so I can add the `include_replicas` kwarg without having to always include `env_name` and `spec_name` in the method call. `include_replicas` defaults to false because everywhere internally in Rails we don't want replicas. `configs_for` is for iterating over configurations to create / run rake tasks, so we really don't ever need replicas in that case.
* Refactors Active Record connection managementEileen Uchitelle2018-08-301-10/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | While the three-tier config makes it easier to define databases for multiple database applications, it quickly became clear to offer full support for multiple databases we need to change the way the connections hash was handled. A three-tier config means that when Rails needed to choose a default configuration (in the case a user doesn't ask for a specific configuration) it wasn't clear to Rails which the default was. I [bandaid fixed this so the rake tasks could work](#32271) but that fix wasn't correct because it actually doubled up the configuration hashes. Instead of attemping to manipulate the hashes @tenderlove and I decided that it made more sense if we converted the hashes to objects so we can easily ask those object questions. In a three tier config like this: ``` development: primary: database: "my_primary_db" animals: database; "my_animals_db" ``` We end up with an object like this: ``` @configurations=[ #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",@spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>, #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbdea90 @env_name="development",@spec_name="animals", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}> ]> ``` The configurations setter takes the database configuration set by your application and turns them into an `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations` object that has one getter - `@configurations` which is an array of all the database objects. The configurations getter returns this object by default since it acts like a hash in most of the cases we need. For example if you need to access the default `development` database we can simply request it as we did before: ``` ActiveRecord::Base.configurations["development"] ``` This will return primary development database configuration hash: ``` { "database" => "my_primary_db" } ``` Internally all of Active Record has been converted to use the new objects. I've built this to be backwards compatible but allow for accessing the hash if needed for a deprecation period. To get the original hash instead of the object you can either add `to_h` on the configurations call or pass `legacy: true` to `configurations. ``` ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.to_h => { "development => { "database" => "my_primary_db" } } ActiveRecord::Base.configurations(legacy: true) => { "development => { "database" => "my_primary_db" } } ``` The new configurations object allows us to iterate over the Active Record configurations without losing the known environment or specification name for that configuration. You can also select all the configs for an env or env and spec. With this we can always ask any object what environment it belongs to: ``` db_configs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configurations_for("development") => #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[ #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",@spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>, #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbdea90 @env_name="development",@spec_name="animals", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}> ]> db_config.env_name => "development" db_config.spec_name => "primary" db_config.config => { "adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3" } ``` The configurations object is more flexible than the configurations hash and will allow us to build on top of the connection management in order to add support for primary/replica connections, sharding, and constructing queries for associations that live in multiple databases.