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```ruby
class String
def to1(position)
position = [position + length, -1].max if position < 0
self[0, position + 1]
end
def to2(position)
position += size if position < 0
self[0, position + 1] || +""
end
end
Benchmark.ips do |x|
x.report("'foo'.to(1)") { 'foo'.to(1) }
x.report("'foo'.to1(1)") { 'foo'.to1(1) }
x.report("'foo'.to2(1)") { 'foo'.to2(1) }
x.report("'foo'.to(-1)") { 'foo'.to(-1) }
x.report("'foo'.to1(-1)") { 'foo'.to1(-1) }
x.report("'foo'.to2(-1)") { 'foo'.to2(-1) }
x.report("'foo'.to(-10)") { 'foo'.to(-10) }
x.report("'foo'.to1(-10)") { 'foo'.to1(-10) }
x.report("'foo'.to2(-10)") { 'foo'.to2(-10) }
end
```
Result:
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
'foo'.to(1) 199.859k i/100ms
'foo'.to1(1) 220.293k i/100ms
'foo'.to2(1) 221.522k i/100ms
'foo'.to(-1) 205.032k i/100ms
'foo'.to1(-1) 195.837k i/100ms
'foo'.to2(-1) 214.975k i/100ms
'foo'.to(-10) 214.331k i/100ms
'foo'.to1(-10) 182.666k i/100ms
'foo'.to2(-10) 224.696k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
'foo'.to(1) 4.685M (± 4.2%) i/s - 23.583M in 5.042568s
'foo'.to1(1) 5.233M (± 5.8%) i/s - 26.215M in 5.026778s
'foo'.to2(1) 5.180M (± 5.7%) i/s - 25.918M in 5.020735s
'foo'.to(-1) 4.253M (± 7.0%) i/s - 21.323M in 5.043133s
'foo'.to1(-1) 4.438M (±11.2%) i/s - 21.934M in 5.025751s
'foo'.to2(-1) 4.716M (± 9.8%) i/s - 23.432M in 5.028088s
'foo'.to(-10) 4.678M (± 9.5%) i/s - 23.148M in 5.007379s
'foo'.to1(-10) 4.428M (± 5.1%) i/s - 22.103M in 5.005155s
'foo'.to2(-10) 5.243M (± 4.6%) i/s - 26.289M in 5.024695s
```
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