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Sometimes, on Mac OS X, programmers accidentally press Option+Space
rather than just Space and don’t see the difference. The problem is
that Option+Space writes a non-breaking space (0XA0) rather than a
normal space (0x20).
This commit removes all the non-breaking spaces inadvertently
introduced in the comments of the code.
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Conflicts:
guides/source/active_record_validations.md
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At present, ActiveRecord::Delegation compiles delegation methods on a
global basis. The compiled methods apply to all subsequent Relation
instances. This creates several problems:
1) After Post.all.recent has been called, User.all.respond_to?(:recent)
will be true, even if User.all.recent will actually raise an error due
to no User.recent method existing. (See #8080.)
2) Depending on the AR class, the delegation should do different things.
For example, if a Post.zip method exists, then Post.all.zip should call
it. But this will then result in User.zip being called by a subsequent
User.all.zip, even if User.zip does not exist, when in fact
User.all.zip should call User.all.to_a.zip. (There are various
variants of this problem.)
We are creating these compiled delegations in order to avoid method
missing and to avoid repeating logic on each invocation.
One way of handling these issues is to add additional checks in various
places to ensure we're doing the "right thing". However, this makes the
compiled methods signficantly slower. In which case, there's almost no
point in avoiding method_missing at all. (See #8127 for a proposed
solution which takes this approach.)
This is an alternative approach which involves creating a subclass of
ActiveRecord::Relation for each AR class represented. So, with this
patch, Post.all.class != User.all.class. This means that the delegations
are compiled for and only apply to a single AR class. A compiled method
for Post.all will not be invoked from User.all.
This solves the above issues without incurring significant performance
penalties. It's designed to be relatively seamless, however the downside
is a bit of complexity and potentially confusion for a user who thinks
that Post.all and User.all should be instances of the same class.
Benchmark
---------
require 'active_record'
require 'benchmark/ips'
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
establish_connection adapter: 'sqlite3', database: ':memory:'
connection.create_table :posts
def self.omg
:omg
end
end
relation = Post.all
Benchmark.ips do |r|
r.report('delegation') { relation.omg }
r.report('constructing') { Post.all }
end
Before
------
Calculating -------------------------------------
delegation 4392 i/100ms
constructing 4780 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
delegation 144235.9 (±27.7%) i/s - 663192 in 5.038075s
constructing 182015.5 (±21.2%) i/s - 850840 in 5.005364s
After
-----
Calculating -------------------------------------
delegation 6677 i/100ms
constructing 6260 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
delegation 166828.2 (±34.2%) i/s - 754501 in 5.001430s
constructing 116575.5 (±18.6%) i/s - 563400 in 5.036690s
Comments
--------
Bear in mind that the standard deviations in the above are huge, so we
can't compare the numbers too directly. However, we can conclude that
Relation construction has become a little slower (as we'd expect), but
not by a huge huge amount, and we can still construct a large number of
Relations quite quickly.
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So that the scope may be a NullRelation and return a result without
executing a query.
Fixes #7928
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Fixes #8102.
I couldn't find a nicer way to deal with this than delegate the call to
#scope, which will be a NullRelation when we want it to be.
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This allows us to avoid hacks like the "return 0 if owner.new_record?"
in #count (which this commit removes).
Also, the relevant foreign key may actually be present even on a new
owner record, in which case we *don't* want a null relation. This logic
is encapsulated in the #null_scope? method.
We also need to make sure that the CollectionProxy is not 'infected'
with the NullRelation module, or else the methods from there will
override the definitions in CollectionProxy, leading to incorrect
results. Hence the nullify: false option to CollectionAssociation#scope.
(This feels a bit nasty but I can't think of a better way.)
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null relations
For example, the following should not run any query on the database:
Post.new.comments.where(body: 'omg').to_a # => []
Fixes #5215.
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This can be used to get a Relation from an association.
Previously we had a #scoped method, but we're deprecating that for
AR::Base, so it doesn't make sense to have it here.
This was requested by DHH, to facilitate code like this:
Project.scope.order('created_at DESC').page(current_page).tagged_with(@tag).limit(5).scoping do
@topics = @project.topics.scope
@todolists = @project.todolists.scope
@attachments = @project.attachments.scope
@documents = @project.documents.scope
end
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This makes it easier to see what the documentation refers to.
It also means that we are not doing unnecessary work for delegations
that have no args / splats / block / etc.
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It doesn't serve much purpose now that ActiveRecord::Base.all returns a
Relation.
The code is moved to active_record_deprecated_finders.
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I found the next issue between CollectionAssociation `delete`
and `destroy`.
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :pets
end
person.pets.destroy(1)
# => OK, returns the destroyed object
person.pets.destroy("2")
# => OK, returns the destroyed object
person.pets.delete(1)
# => ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch
person.pets.delete("2")
# => ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch
Adding support for deleting with a fixnum or string like
`destroy` method.
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