diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'railties')
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/guides/source/asset_pipeline.textile | 38 |
1 files changed, 27 insertions, 11 deletions
diff --git a/railties/guides/source/asset_pipeline.textile b/railties/guides/source/asset_pipeline.textile index 2695ba9ec1..96b11dbf63 100644 --- a/railties/guides/source/asset_pipeline.textile +++ b/railties/guides/source/asset_pipeline.textile @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ h3. What is the Asset Pipeline? The asset pipeline provides a framework to concatenate and minify or compress JavaScript and CSS assets. It also adds the ability to write these assets in other languages such as CoffeeScript, SCSS and ERB. -Prior to Rails 3.1 these features were added through third-party Ruby libraries such as Jammit and Sprockets. Rails 3.1 includes the +sprockets-rails+ gem, which depends on the +sprockets+ gem, by default. +Prior to Rails 3.1 these features were added through third-party Ruby libraries such as Jammit and Sprockets. Rails 3.1 is integrated with Sprockets throught ActionPack which depends on the +sprockets+ gem, by default. By having this as a core feature of Rails, all developers can benefit from the power of having their assets pre-processed, compressed and minified by one central library, Sprockets. This is part of Rails' "Fast by default" strategy as outlined by DHH in his 2011 keynote at Railsconf. @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ config.assets.enabled = false It is recommended that you use the defaults for all new apps. + h4. Main Features The first feature of the pipeline is to concatenate assets. This is important in a production environment, as it reduces the number of requests that a browser must make to render a web page. While Rails already has a feature to concatenate these types of assets -- by placing +:cache => true+ at the end of tags such as +javascript_include_tag+ and +stylesheet_link_tag+ -- many people do not use it. @@ -74,11 +75,14 @@ The other problem is that when static assets are deployed with each new release Fingerprinting avoids all these problems by ensuring filenames are consistent based on their content. +Fingerprinting is enabled by default for production and disabled for all the others environments. You can enable or disable it in your configuration through the +config.assets.digest+ option. + More reading: * "Optimize caching":http://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/docs/caching.html * "Revving Filenames: don’t use querystring":http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ + h3. How to Use the Asset Pipeline In previous versions of Rails, all assets were located in subdirectories of +public+ such as +images+, +javascripts+ and +stylesheets+. With the asset pipeline, the preferred location for these assets is now the +app/assets+ directory. Files in this directory are served by the Sprockets middleware included in the sprockets gem. @@ -247,14 +251,7 @@ When the +debug_assets+ parameter is set, this line is expanded out into three s This allows the individual parts of an asset to be rendered and debugged separately. -Additionally if the +config.assets.debug+ is set to true you can debug your assets passing the +:debug+ option to the assets tags: - -<erb> -<%= javascript_include_tag :application, :debug => true %> -</erb> - - -NOTE. Assets debugging is turned on by default in development and test environments. You can set +config.assets.allow_debugging+ to false to turn it off. +NOTE. Assets debugging is turned on by default in development and test environments. h3. In Production @@ -271,7 +268,7 @@ The MD5 is generated from the contents of the compiled files, and is included in Sprockets also sets the +Cache-Control+ HTTP header to +max-age=31536000+. This signals all caches between your server and the client browser that this content (the file served) can be cached for 1 year. The effect of this is to reduce the number of requests for this asset from your server; the asset has a good chance of being in the local browser cache or some intermediate cache. -This behavior is controlled by the setting of +config.action_controller.perform_caching+ setting in Rails (which is +true+ for production, +false+ for everything else). This value is propagated to Sprockets during initialization for use when action_controller is not available. +This behavior is controlled by the setting of +config.assets.digest+ setting in Rails (which is +true+ for production, +false+ for everything else). h4. Precompiling Assets @@ -307,6 +304,20 @@ If you have other manifests or individual stylesheets and JavaScript files to in config.assets.precompile += ['admin.js', 'admin.css', 'swfObject.js'] </erb> +The rake task also generates a +manifest.yml+ that contains a list with all your assets and their fingerprints, using this manifest file the assets helpers avoid hitting to Sprockets to recalculate MD5 hashes for files. Manifest file typically look like this: + +<plain> +--- +rails.png: rails-bd9ad5a560b5a3a7be0808c5cd76a798.png +jquery-ui.min.js: jquery-ui-7e33882a28fc84ad0e0e47e46cbf901c.min.js +jquery.min.js: jquery-8a50feed8d29566738ad005e19fe1c2d.min.js +application.js: application-3fdab497b8fb70d20cfc5495239dfc29.js +application.css: application-8af74128f904600e41a6e39241464e03.css +</plain> + +The manifest file is generated by default in same folder of your precompiled assets, you can change the location of the file setting the +config.assets.manifest+ option with the full path of the folder where you want save it. + + Precompiled assets exist on the filesystem and are served directly by your webserver. They do not have far-future headers by default, so to get the benefit of fingerprinting you'll have to update your server configuration to add them. For Apache: @@ -325,12 +336,16 @@ For Apache: </LocationMatch> </plain> -TODO: NGINX instructions +TODO: nginx instructions When files are precompiled, Sprockets also creates a "Gzip":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gzip (.gz) version of your assets. This avoids the server having to do this for any requests; it can simply read the compressed files from disc. You must configure your server to use gzip compression and serve the compressed assets that will be stored in the public/assets folder. The following configuration options can be used: TODO: Apache instructions +TODO: nginx instructions + +By default Rails assumes that you have your files precompiled in the production environment, if you want use live compiling (compile your assets during runtime) in production you must set the +config.assets.compile+ to true. You can use this option to fallback to Sprockets when you are using precompiled assets but there are any missing precompiled files. If +config.assets.compile+ option is set to false and there are missing precompiled files you will get an "AssetNoPrecompiledError" indicating the name of the missing file. + h3. Customizing the Pipeline @@ -378,6 +393,7 @@ To enable this, pass a +new+ Object to the config option in +application.rb+: config.assets.css_compressor = Transformer.new </erb> + h4. Changing the _assets_ Path The public path that Sprockets uses by default is +/assets+. |