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diff --git a/railties/guides/source/configuring.textile b/railties/guides/source/configuring.textile index e39ccbc4b8..d5faf3da2c 100644 --- a/railties/guides/source/configuring.textile +++ b/railties/guides/source/configuring.textile @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Rails offers (at least) four good spots to place initialization code: * application.rb * Environment-specific Configuration Files -* Initializers (load_application_initializers) +* Initializers * After-Initializers h3. Running Code Before Rails @@ -23,41 +23,65 @@ To run some code before Rails itself is loaded, simply put it above the call to h3. Configuring Rails Components -In general, the work of configuring Rails means configuring the components of Rails, as well as configuring Rails itself. The +application.rb+ and environment-specific configuration files (such as +config/environments/production.rb+) allow you to specify the various settings that you want to pass down to all of the components. For example, the default Rails 2.3 +application.rb+ file includes one setting: +In general, the work of configuring Rails means configuring the components of Rails, as well as configuring Rails itself. The +application.rb+ and environment-specific configuration files (such as +config/environments/production.rb+) allow you to specify the various settings that you want to pass down to all of the components. For example, the default Rails 3.0 +application.rb+ file includes this setting: <ruby> -config.filter_parameters << :password + config.filter_parameters += [:password] </ruby> This is a setting for Rails itself. If you want to pass settings to individual Rails components, you can do so via the same +config+ object: <ruby> -config.active_record.timestamped_migrations = false + config.active_record.timestamped_migrations = false </ruby> Rails will use that particular setting to configure Active Record. h4. Rails General Configuration -* +config.routes_configuration_file+ overrides the default path for the routes configuration file. This defaults to +config/routes.rb+. +* +config.after_initialize+ takes a block which will be ran _after_ Rails has finished initializing. Useful for configuring values set up by other initializers: -* +config.cache_classes+ controls whether or not application classes should be reloaded on each request. +<ruby> +config.after_initialize do + ActionView::Base.sanitized_allowed_tags.delete 'div' +end +</ruby> + +* +config.allow_concurrency+ should be set to +true+ to allow concurrent (threadsafe) action processing. Set to +false+ by default. You probably don't want to call this one directly, though, because a series of other adjustments need to be made for threadsafe mode to work properly. Can also be enabled with +threadsafe!+. + +* +config.asset_host+ sets the host for the assets. Useful when CDNs are used for hosting assets rather than the application server itself. Shorter version of +config.action_controller.asset_host+. + +* +config.asset_path+ takes a block which configures where assets can be found. Shorter version of +config.action_controller.asset_path+. + +<ruby> + config.asset_path = proc { |asset_path| "assets/#{asset_path}" } +</ruby> + +* +config.autoload_once_paths+ accepts an array of paths from which Rails will automatically load from only once. All elements of this array must also be in +autoload_paths+. -* +config.cache_store+ configures which cache store to use for Rails caching. Options include +:memory_store+, +:file_store+, +:mem_cache_store+ or the name of your own custom class. +* +config.autoload_paths+ accepts an array of additional paths to prepend to the load path. By default, all app, lib, vendor and mock paths are included in this list. -* +config.colorize_logging+ (true by default) specifies whether or not to use ANSI color codes when logging information. +* +config.cache_classes+ controls whether or not application classes should be reloaded on each request. Defaults to _true_ in development, _false_ in test and production. Can also be enabled with +threadsafe!+. -* +config.controller_paths+ accepts an array of paths that will be searched for controllers. Defaults to +app/controllers+. +* +config.action_view.cache_template_loading+ controls whether or not templates should be reloaded on each request. Defaults to whatever is set for config.cache_classes. -* +config.database_configuration_file+ overrides the default path for the database configuration file. Default to +config/database.yml+. +* +config.cache_store+ configures which cache store to use for Rails caching. Options include +:memory_store+, +:file_store+, +:mem_cache_store+ or the name of your own custom class. Defaults to +:file_store+. -* +config.dependency_loading+ enables or disables dependency loading during the request cycle. Setting dependency_loading to _true_ will allow new classes to be loaded during a request and setting it to _false_ will disable this behavior. +* +config.colorize_logging+ specifies whether or not to use ANSI color codes when logging information. Defaults to _true_. -* +config.eager_load_paths+ accepts an array of paths from which Rails will eager load on boot if cache classes is enabled. All elements of this array must also be in +load_paths+. +* +config.consider_all_requests_local+ is generally set to +true+ during development and +false+ during production; if it is set to +true+, then any error will cause detailed debugging information to be dumped in the HTTP response. For finer-grained control, set this to +false+ and implement +local_request?+ in controllers to specify which requests should provide debugging information on errors. -* +config.load_once_paths+ accepts an array of paths from which Rails will automatically load from only once. All elements of this array must also be in +load_paths+. +* +config.controller_paths+ configures where Rails can find controllers for this application. -* +config.load_paths+ accepts an array of additional paths to prepend to the load path. By default, all app, lib, vendor and mock paths are included in this list. +* +config.dependency_loading+ enables or disables dependency loading during the request cycle. Setting dependency_loading to _true_ will allow new classes to be loaded during a request and setting it to _false_ will disable this behavior. Can also be enabled with +threadsafe!+. + +* +config.eager_load_paths+ accepts an array of paths from which Rails will eager load on boot if cache classes is enabled. Defaults to every folder in the +app+ directory of the application. All elements of this array must also be in +load_paths+. + +* +config.encoding+ sets up the application-wide encoding. Defaults to UTF-8. + +* +config.filter_parameters+ used for filtering out the parameters that you don't want shown in the logs, such as passwords or credit card numbers. + +* +config.helper_paths+ configures where Rails can find helpers for this application. * +config.log_level+ defines the verbosity of the Rails logger. In production mode, this defaults to +:info+. In development mode, it defaults to +:debug+. @@ -65,25 +89,106 @@ h4. Rails General Configuration * +config.logger+ accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action Controller. Set to nil to disable logging. -* +config.plugin_loader+ overrides the class that handles loading each plugin. Defaults to +Rails::Plugin::Loader+. - -* +config.plugin_locators+ overrides the class that handle finding the desired plugins that you‘d like to load for your application. By default it is the +Rails::Plugin::FileSystemLocator+. - -* +config.plugin_paths+ overrides the path to the root of the plugins directory. Defaults to +vendor/plugins+. +* +config.middleware+ allows you to configure the application's middleware. This is covered in depth in the "Configuring Middleware" section below. * +config.plugins+ accepts the list of plugins to load. If this is set to nil, all plugins will be loaded. If this is set to [], no plugins will be loaded. Otherwise, plugins will be loaded in the order specified. -* +config.preload_frameworks+ enables or disables preloading all frameworks at startup. +* +config.preload_frameworks+ enables or disables preloading all frameworks at startup. Can also be enabled with +threadsafe!+. Defaults to +nil+, so is disabled. * +config.reload_plugins+ enables or disables plugin reloading. -* +config.root_path+ configures the root path of the application. +* +config.root+ configures the root path of the application. + +* +config.secret_token+ used for specifying a key which allows sessions for the application to be verified against a known secure key to prevent tampering. + +* +config.serve_static_assets+ configures Rails to serve static assets. Defaults to _true_, but in the production environment is turned off. The server software used to run the application should be used to serve the assets instead. + +* +config.session_store+ is usually set up in +config/initializers/session_store.rb+ and specifies what class to use to store the session. Custom session stores can be specified like so: + +<ruby> + config.session_store = :my_custom_store +</ruby> + +This custom store must be defined as +ActionDispatch::Session::MyCustomStore+. + +* +config.threadsafe!+ enables +allow_concurrency+, +cache_classes+, +dependency_loading+ and +preload_frameworks+ to make the application threadsafe. + +WARNING: Threadsafe operation is incompatible with the normal workings of development mode Rails. In particular, automatic dependency loading and class reloading are automatically disabled when you call +config.threadsafe!+. * +config.time_zone+ sets the default time zone for the application and enables time zone awareness for Active Record. -* +config.view_path+ sets the path of the root of an application's views. Defaults to +app/views+. +* +config.whiny_nils+ enables or disables warnings when any methods of nil are invoked. Defaults to _true_ in development and test environments. + +h4. Configuring Generators + +Rails 3 allows you to alter what generators are used with the +config.generators+ method. This method takes a block: + +<ruby> + config.generators do |g| + g.orm :active_record + g.test_framework :test_unit + end +</ruby> -* +config.whiny_nils+ enables or disabled warnings when an methods of nil are invoked. Defaults to _false_. +The full set of methods that can be used in this block are as follows: + +* +force_plural+ allows pluralized model names. Defaults to _false_. +* +helper+ defines whether or not to generate helpers. Defaults to _true_. +* +orm+ defines which orm to use. Defaults to _nil_, so will use Active Record by default. +* +integration_tool+ defines which integration tool to use. Defaults to _nil_. +* +performance_tool+ defines which performance tool to use. Defaults to _nil_. +* +resource_controller+ defines which generator to use for generating a controller when using +rails generate resource+. Defaults to +:controller+. +* +scaffold_controller+ different from +resource_controller+, defines which generator to use for generating a _scaffolded_ controller when using +rails generate scaffold+. Defaults to +:scaffold_controller+. +* +stylesheets+ turns on the hook for stylesheets in generators. Used in Rails for when the +scaffold+ generator is ran, but this hook can be used in other generates as well. +* +test_framework+ defines which test framework to use. Defaults to _nil_, so will use Test::Unit by default. +* +template_engine+ defines which template engine to use, such as ERB or Haml. Defaults to +:erb+. + +h4. Configuring Middleware + +Every Rails application comes with a standard set of middleware which it uses in this order in the development environment: + +* +ActionDispatch::Static+ is used to serve static assets. Disabled if +config.serve_static_assets+ is _true_. +* +Rack::Lock+ Will wrap the app in mutex so it can only be called by a single thread at a time. Only enabled if +config.action_controller.allow_concurrency+ is set to _false_, which it is by default. +* +ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache+ Serves as a basic memory backed cache. This cache is not thread safe and is intended only for serving as a temporary memory cache for a single thread. +* +Rack::Runtime+ Sets an +X-Runtime+ header, containing the time (in seconds) taken to execute the request. +* +Rails::Rack::Logger+ Will notify the logs that the request has began. After request is complete, flushes all the logs. +* +ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions+ rescues any exception returned by the application and renders nice exception pages if the request is local or if +config.consider_all_requests_local+ is set to _true_. If +config.action_dispatch.show_exceptions+ is set to _false_, exceptions will be raised regardless. +* +ActionDispatch::RemoteIp+ checks for IP spoofing attacks. Configurable with the +config.action_dispatch.ip_spoofing_check+ and +config.action_dispatch.trusted_proxies+ settings. +* +Rack::Sendfile+ The Sendfile middleware intercepts responses whose body is being served from a file and replaces it with a server specific X-Sendfile header. Configurable with +config.action_dispatch_ +* +ActionDispatch::Callbacks+ Runs the prepare callbacks before serving the request. +* +ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement+ cleans active connections after each request, unless the +rack.test+ key in the request environment is set to _true_. +* +ActiveRecord::QueryCache+ caches all +SELECT+ queries generated in a request. If an +INSERT+ or +UPDATE+ takes place then the cache is cleaned. +* +ActionDispatch::Cookies+ sets cookies for the request. +* +ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore+ is responsible for storing the session in cookies. An alternate middleware can be used for this by changing the +config.action_controller.session_store+ to an alternate value. Additionally, options passed to this can be configured by using +config.action_controller.session_options+. +* +ActionDispatch::Flash+ sets up the +flash+ keys. Only available if +config.action_controller.session_store+ is set to a value. +* +ActionDispatch::ParamsParser+ parses out parameters from the request into +params+ +* +Rack::MethodOverride+ allows the method to be overridden if +params[:_method]+ is set. This is the middleware which supports the PUT and DELETE HTTP method types. +* +ActionDispatch::Head+ converts HEAD requests to GET requests and serves them as so. +* +ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport+ enables "best standards support" so that IE8 renders some elements correctly. + +Besides these usual middleware, you can add your own by using the +config.middleware.use+ method: + +<ruby> + config.middleware.use Magical::Unicorns +</ruby> + +This will put the +Magical::Unicorns+ middleware on the end of the stack. If you wish to put this middleware before another use +insert_before+: + +<ruby> + config.middleware.insert_before ActionDispatch::Head, Magical::Unicorns +</ruby> + +There's also +insert_after+ which will insert a middleware _after_ another: + +<ruby> + config.middleware.insert_after ActionDispatch::Head, Magical::Unicorns +</ruby> + +Middlewares can also be completely swapped out and replaced with others: + +<ruby> + config.middleware.swap ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport, Magical::Unicorns +</ruby> h4. Configuring i18n @@ -127,37 +232,29 @@ h4. Configuring Action Controller <tt>config.action_controller</tt> includes a number of configuration settings: -* +config.action_controller.asset_host+ provides a string that is prepended to all of the URL-generating helpers in +AssetHelper+. This is designed to allow moving all javascript, CSS, and image files to a separate asset host. +* +config.action_controller.asset_host+ sets the host for the assets. Useful when CDNs are used for hosting assets rather than the application server itself. -* +config.action_controller.asset_path+ allows you to override the default asset path generation by providing your own instructions. +* +config.action_controller.asset_path+ takes a block which configures where assets can be found. Shorter version of +config.action_controller.asset_path+. -* +config.action_controller.consider_all_requests_local+ is generally set to +true+ during development and +false+ during production; if it is set to +true+, then any error will cause detailed debugging information to be dumped in the HTTP response. For finer-grained control, set this to +false+ and implement +local_request?+ to specify which requests should provide debugging information on errors. +* +config.action_controller.page_cache_directory+ should be the document root for the web server and is set using <tt>Base.page_cache_directory = "/document/root"</tt>. For Rails, this directory has already been set to +Rails.public_path+ (which is usually set to <tt>Rails.root + "/public"</tt>). Changing this setting can be useful to avoid naming conflicts with files in <tt>public/</tt>, but doing so will likely require configuring your web server to look in the new location for cached files. -* +config.action_controller.allow_concurrency+ should be set to +true+ to allow concurrent (threadsafe) action processing. Set to +false+ by default. You probably don't want to call this one directly, though, because a series of other adjustments need to be made for threadsafe mode to work properly. Instead, you should simply call +config.threadsafe!+ inside your +production.rb+ file, which makes all the necessary adjustments. +* +config.action_controller.page_cache_extension+ configures the extension used for cached pages saved to +page_cache_directory+. Defaults to +.html+ -WARNING: Threadsafe operation is incompatible with the normal workings of development mode Rails. In particular, automatic dependency loading and class reloading are automatically disabled when you call +config.threadsafe!+. - -* +config.action_controller.param_parsers+ provides an array of handlers that can extract information from incoming HTTP requests and add it to the +params+ hash. By default, parsers for multipart forms, URL-encoded forms, XML, and JSON are active. +* +config.action_controller.perform_caching+ configures whether the application should perform caching or not. Set to _false_ in development mode, _true_ in production. * +config.action_controller.default_charset+ specifies the default character set for all renders. The default is "utf-8". * +config.action_controller.logger+ accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action Controller. Set to nil to disable logging. -* +config.action_controller.resource_path_names+ is a hash of default names for several RESTful actions. By default, the new action is named +new+ and the edit action is named +edit+. - * +config.action_controller.request_forgery_protection_token+ sets the token parameter name for RequestForgery. Calling +protect_from_forgery+ sets it to +:authenticity_token+ by default. -* +config.action_controller.optimise_named_routes+ turns on some optimizations in generating the routing table. It is set to +true+ by default. - * +config.action_controller.allow_forgery_protection+ enables or disables CSRF protection. By default this is +false+ in test mode and +true+ in all other modes. * +config.action_controller.relative_url_root+ can be used to tell Rails that you are deploying to a subdirectory. The default is +ENV['RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT']+. -* +config.action_dispatch.session_store+ sets the name of the store for session data. The default is +:cookie_store+; other valid options include +:active_record_store+, +:mem_cache_store+ or the name of your own custom class. - The caching code adds two additional settings: -* +ActionController::Base.page_cache_directory+ sets the directory where Rails will create cached pages for your web server. The default is +Rails.public_path+ (which is usually set to +Rails.root + "/public"+). +* +ActionController::Base.page_cache_directory+ sets the directory where Rails will create cached pages for your web server. The default is +Rails.public_path+ (which is usually set to <tt>Rails.root + "/public"</tt>). * +ActionController::Base.page_cache_extension+ sets the extension to be used when generating pages for the cache (this is ignored if the incoming request already has an extension). The default is +.html+. @@ -169,13 +266,23 @@ The Active Record session store can also be configured: * +ActiveRecord::SessionStore::Session.data_column_name+ sets the name of the column which stores marshaled session data. Defaults to +data+. +h4. Configuring Action Dispatch + +* +config.action_dispatch.session_store+ sets the name of the store for session data. The default is +:cookie_store+; other valid options include +:active_record_store+, +:mem_cache_store+ or the name of your own custom class. + +* +config.action_dispatch.tld_length+ sets the TLD (top-level domain) length for the application. Defaults to +1+. + +* +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.before+ takes a block of code to run before the request. + +* +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.to_prepare+ takes a block to run after +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.before+, but before the request. Runs for every request in +development+ mode, but only once for +production+ or environments with +cache_classes+ set to +true+. + +* +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.after+ takes a block of code to run after the request. + h4. Configuring Action View There are only a few configuration options for Action View, starting with four on +ActionView::Base+: -* +config.action_view.debug_rjs+ specifies whether RJS responses should be wrapped in a try/catch block that alert()s the caught exception (and then re-raises it). The default is +false+. - -* +config.action_view.warn_cache_misses+ tells Rails to display a warning whenever an action results in a cache miss on your view paths. The default is +false+. +* +config.action_view.debug_rjs+ specifies whether RJS responses should be wrapped in a try/catch block that alerts the caught exception (and then re-raises it). The default is +false+. * +config.action_view.field_error_proc+ provides an HTML generator for displaying errors that come from Active Record. The default is <tt>Proc.new{ |html_tag, instance| %Q(%<div class="field_with_errors">#{html_tag}</div>).html_safe }</tt> @@ -185,12 +292,36 @@ There are only a few configuration options for Action View, starting with four o * +config.action_view.erb_trim_mode+ gives the trim mode to be used by ERB. It defaults to +'-'+. See the "ERB documentation":http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/erb/rdoc/ for more information. +* +config.action_view.javascript_expansions+ is a hash containing expansions that can be used for the JavaScript include tag. By default, this is defined as: + +<ruby> + config.action_view.javascript_expansions = { :defaults => ['prototype', 'effects', 'dragdrop', 'controls', 'rails'] } +</ruby> + +However, you may add to this by defining others: + +<ruby> + config.action_view.javascript_expansions[:jquery] = ["jquery", "jquery-ui"] +</ruby> + +And can reference in the view with the following code: + +<ruby> + <%= javascript_include_tag :jquery %> +</ruby> + +* +config.action_view.stylesheet_expansions+ works in much the same way as +javascript_expansions+, but has no default key. Keys defined for this hash can be referenced in the view like such: + +<ruby> + <%= stylesheet_link_tag :special %> +</ruby> + +* +ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::AssetPaths.cache_asset_ids+ With the cache enabled, the asset tag helper methods will make fewer expensive file system calls (the default implementation checks the file system timestamp). However this prevents you from modifying any asset files while the server is running. + h4. Configuring Action Mailer There are a number of settings available on +config.action_mailer+: -* +config.action_mailer.template_root+ gives the root folder for Action Mailer templates. - * +config.action_mailer.logger+ accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action Mailer. Set to nil to disable logging. * +config.action_mailer.smtp_settings+ allows detailed configuration for the +:smtp+ delivery method. It accepts a hash of options, which can include any of these options: @@ -211,15 +342,13 @@ There are a number of settings available on +config.action_mailer+: * +config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries+ specifies whether mail will actually be delivered. By default this is +true+; it can be convenient to set it to +false+ for testing. -* +config.action_mailer.default_charset+ tells Action Mailer which character set to use for the body and for encoding the subject. It defaults to +utf-8+. - -* +config.action_mailer.default_content_type+ specifies the default content type used for the main part of the message. It defaults to "text/plain" - -* +config.action_mailer.default_mime_version+ is the default MIME version for the message. It defaults to +1.0+. - -* +config.action_mailer.default_implicit_parts_order+ - When a message is built implicitly (i.e. multiple parts are assembled from templates -which specify the content type in their filenames) this variable controls how the parts are ordered. Defaults to +["text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain"]+. Items that appear first in the array have higher priority in the mail client -and appear last in the mime encoded message. +* +config.action_mailer.default+ configures Action Mailer defaults. These default to: +<ruby> + :mime_version => "1.0", + :charset => "UTF-8", + :content_type => "text/plain", + :parts_order => [ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html" ] +</ruby> h4. Configuring Active Resource @@ -231,6 +360,8 @@ h4. Configuring Active Support There are a few configuration options available in Active Support: +* +config.active_support.bare+ enables or disables the loading of +active_support/all+ when booting Rails. Defaults to +nil+, which means +active_support/all+ is loaded. + * +config.active_support.escape_html_entities_in_json+ enables or disables the escaping of HTML entities in JSON serialization. Defaults to +true+. * +config.active_support.use_standard_json_time_format+ enables or disables serializing dates to ISO 8601 format. Defaults to +false+. @@ -241,42 +372,179 @@ There are a few configuration options available in Active Support: * +ActiveSupport::Logger.silencer+ is set to +false+ to disable the ability to silence logging in a block. The default is +true+. -h3. Using Initializers +h3. Rails Environment Settings -After loading the framework and any gems and plugins in your application, Rails turns to loading initializers. An initializer is any file of Ruby code stored under +config/initializers+ in your application. You can use initializers to hold configuration settings that should be made after all of the frameworks and plugins are loaded. +Some parts of Rails can also be configured externally by supplying environment variables. The following environment variables are recognized by various parts of Rails: -NOTE: You can use subfolders to organize your initializers if you like, because Rails will look into the whole file hierarchy from the +initializers+ folder on down. +* +ENV["RAILS_ENV"]+ defines the Rails environment (production, development, test, and so on) that Rails will run under. -TIP: If you have any ordering dependency in your initializers, you can control the load order by naming. For example, +01_critical.rb+ will be loaded before +02_normal.rb+. +* +ENV["RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT"]+ is used by the routing code to recognize URLs when you deploy your application to a subdirectory. + +* +ENV["RAILS_ASSET_ID"]+ will override the default cache-busting timestamps that Rails generates for downloadable assets. + +* +ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"]+ and +ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"]+ are used to generate expanded cache keys in Rails' caching code. This allows you to have multiple separate caches from the same application. + +h3. Initialization events -h3. Using an After-Initializer +Rails has 5 initialization events which can be hooked into (listed in order that they are ran): -After-initializers are run (as you might guess) after any initializers are loaded. You can supply an +after_initialize+ block (or an array of such blocks) by setting up +config.after_initialize+ in any of the Rails configuration files: +* +before_configuration+: This is run as soon as the application constant inherits from +Rails::Application+. The +config+ calls are evaluated before this happens. + +* +before_initialize+: This is run directly before the initialization process of the application occurs with the +:bootstrap_hook+ initializer near the beginning of the Rails initialization process. + +* +to_prepare+: Run after the initializers are ran for all Railties (including the application itself), but before eager loading and the middleware stack is built. + +* +before_eager_load+: This is run directly before eager loading occurs, which is the default behaviour for the _production_ environment and not for the +development+ enviroment. + +* +after_initialize+: Run directly after the initialization of the application, but before the application initializers are run. + + +WARNING: Some parts of your application, notably observers and routing, are not yet set up at the point where the +after_initialize+ block is called. + +h4. +Rails::Railtie#initializer+ + +Rails has several initializers that run on startup that are all defined by using the +initializer+ method from +Rails::Railtie+. Here's an example of the +initialize_whiny_nils+ initializer from Active Support: <ruby> -config.after_initialize do - SomeClass.init +initializer "active_support.initialize_whiny_nils" do |app| + require 'active_support/whiny_nil' if app.config.whiny_nils end </ruby> -WARNING: Some parts of your application, notably observers and routing, are not yet set up at the point where the +after_initialize+ block is called. +The +initializer+ method takes three arguments with the first being the name for the initializer and the second being an options hash (not shown here) and the third being a block. The +:before+ key in the options hash can be specified to specify which initializer this new initializer must run before, and the +:after+ key will specify which initializer to run this initializer _after_. -h3. Rails Environment Settings +Initializers defined using the +initializer+ method will be ran in the order they are defined in, with the exception of ones that use the +:before+ or +:after+ methods. -Some parts of Rails can also be configured externally by supplying environment variables. The following environment variables are recognized by various parts of Rails: +WARNING: You may put your initializer before or after any other initializer in the chain, as long as it is logical. Say you have 4 initializers called "one" through "four" (defined in that order) and you define "four" to go _before_ "four" but _after_ "three", that just isn't logical and Rails will not be able to determine your initializer order. -* +ENV['RAILS_ENV']+ defines the Rails environment (production, development, test, and so on) that Rails will run under. +The block's argument of the +initialize+ is the instance of the application itself, and so we can access the configuration on it by using the +config+ method as this initializer does. -* +ENV['RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT']+ is used by the routing code to recognize URLs when you deploy your application to a subdirectory. +Because +Rails::Application+ inherits from +Rails::Railtie+ (indirectly), you can use the +initializer+ method in +config/application.rb+ to define initializers for the application. -* +ENV["RAILS_ASSET_ID"]+ will override the default cache-busting timestamps that Rails generates for downloadable assets. +h4. Initializers -* +ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"]+ and +ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"]+ are used to generate expanded cache keys in Rails' caching code. This allows you to have multiple separate caches from the same application. +Below is a comprehensive list of all the initializers found in Rails in the order that they are defined (and therefore run in, unless otherwise stated). + +*+load_environment_hook+* +Serves as a placeholder so that +:load_environment_config+ can be defined to run before it. + +*+load_active_support+* Requires +active_support/dependencies+ which sets up the basis for Active Support. Optionally requires +active_support/all+ if +config.active_support.bare+ is un-truthful, which is the default. + +*+preload_frameworks+* Will load all autoload dependencies of Rails automatically if +config.preload_frameworks+ is +true+ or "truthful". By default this configuration option is disabled. In Rails, when internal classes are referenced for the first time they are autoloaded. +:preload_frameworks+ loads all of this at once on initialization. + +*+initialize_logger+* Initializes the logger (an +ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger+ object) for the application and makes it accessible at +Rails.logger+, providing that there's no initializer inserted before this point that has defined +Rails.logger+. + +*+initialize_cache+* If +RAILS_CACHE+ isn't yet set, initializes the cache by referencing the value in +config.cache_store+ and stores the outcome as +RAILS_CACHE+. If this object responds to the +middleware+ method, its middleware is inserted before +Rack::Runtime+ in the middleware stack. + +*+set_clear_dependencies_hook+* Provides a hook for +active_record.set_dispatch_hooks+ to use, which will run before this initializer. This initializer -- which runs only if +cache_classes+ is set to +false+ -- uses +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.after+ to remove the constants which have been referenced during the request from the object space so that they will be reloaded during the following request. + +*+initialize_dependency_mechanism+* If +config.cache_classes+ is set to +true+, configures +ActiveSupport::Dependencies.mechanism+ to +require+ dependencies rather than +load+ them. + +*+bootstrap_hook+* Runs all configured +before_initialize+ blocks. + +*+i18n.callbacks+* In the development environment, sets up a +to_prepare+ callback which will call +I18n.reload!+ if any of the locales have changed since the last request. In production mode this callback will only run on the first request. + +*+active_support.initialize_whiny_nils+* Will require +active_support/whiny_nil+ if +config.whiny_nils+ is set to +true+. This file will output errors such as: + +<plain> + Called id for nil, which would mistakenly be 4 -- if you really wanted the id of nil, use object_id +</plain> + +And: + +<plain> +You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! +You might have expected an instance of Array. +The error occurred while evaluating nil.each +</plain> + +*+active_support.deprecation_behavior+* Sets up deprecation reporting for environments, defaulting to +log+ for development, +notify+ for production and +stderr+ for test. If a value isn't set for +config.active_support.deprecation+ then this initializer will prompt the user to configure this line in the current environment's +config/environments+ file. + +*+active_support.initialize_time_zone+* Sets the default time zone for the application based off the +config.time_zone+ setting, which defaults to "UTC". + +*+action_dispatch.configure+* Configures the +ActionDispatch::Http::URL.tld_length+ to be set to the value of +config.action_dispatch.tld_length+. + +*+action_view.cache_asset_ids+* Will set +ActionView::Helpers::AssetTagHelper::AssetPaths.cache_asset_ids+ to +false+ when Active Support loads, but only if +config.cache_classes+ is too. + +*+action_view.javascript_expansions+* Registers the expansions set up by +config.action_view.javascript_expansions+ and +config.action_view.stylesheet_expansions+ to be recognised by Action View and therefore usable in the views. + +*+action_view.set_configs+* Sets up Action View by using the settings in +config.action_view+ by +send+'ing the method names as setters to +ActionView::Base+ and passing the values through. + +*+action_controller.logger+* Sets +ActionController::Base.logger+ -- if it's not already set -- to +Rails.logger+. + +*+action_controller.initialize_framework_caches+* Sets +ActionController::Base.cache_store+ -- if it's not already set -- to +RAILS_CACHE+. + +*+action_controller.set_configs+* Sets up Action Controller by using the settings in +config.action_controller+ by +send+'ing the method names as setters to +ActionController::Base+ and passing the values through. + +*+action_controller.compile_config_methods+* Initializes methods for the config settings specified so that they are quicker to access. + +*+active_record.initialize_timezone+* Sets +ActiveRecord::Base.time_zone_aware_attributes+ to true, as well as setting +ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone+ to UTC. When attributes are read from the database, they will be converted into the time zone specified by +Time.zone+. + +*+active_record.logger+* Sets +ActiveRecord::Base.logger+ -- if it's not already set -- to +Rails.logger+. + +*+active_record.set_configs+* Sets up Active Record by using the settings in +config.active_record+ by +send+'ing the method names as setters to +ActiveRecord::Base+ and passing the values through. + +*+active_record.initialize_database+* Loads the database configuration (by default) from +config/database.yml+ and establishes a connection for the current environment. + +*+active_record.log_runtime+* Includes +ActiveRecord::Railties::ControllerRuntime+ which is responsible for reporting the length of time Active Record calls took for the request back to the logger. + +*+active_record.set_dispatch_hooks+* If +config.cache_classes+ is set to false, all reloadable connections to the database will be reset. + +*+action_mailer.logger+* Sets +ActionMailer::Base.logger+ -- if it's not already set -- to +Rails.logger+. + +*+action_mailer.set_configs+* Sets up Action Mailer by using the settings in +config.action_mailer+ by +send+'ing the method names as setters to +ActionMailer::Base+ and passing the values through. + +*+action_mailer.compile_config_methods+* Initializes methods for the config settings specified so that they are quicker to access. + +*+active_resource.set_configs+* Sets up Active Resource by using the settings in +config.active_resource+ by +send+'ing the method names as setters to +ActiveResource::Base+ and passing the values through. + +*+set_load_path+* This initializer runs before +bootstrap_hook+. Adds the +vendor+, +lib+, all directories of +app+ and any paths specified by +config.load_paths+ to +$LOAD_PATH+. + +*+set_autoload_path+* This initializer runs before +bootstrap_hook+. Adds all sub-directories of +app+ and paths specified by +config.autoload_paths+ to +ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoload_paths+. + +*+add_routing_paths+* Loads (by default) all +config/routes.rb+ files (in the application and railties, including engines) and sets up the routes for the application. + +*+add_locales+* Adds the files in +config/locales+ (from the application, railties and engines) to +I18n.load_path+, making available the translations in these files. + +*+add_view_paths+* Adds the directory +app/views+ from the application, railties and engines to the lookup path for view files for the application. + +*+load_environment_config+* Loads the +config/environments+ file for the current environment. + +*+append_asset_paths+* Finds asset paths for the application and all attached railties and keeps a track of the available directories in +config.static_asset_paths+. + +*+prepend_helpers_path+* Adds the directory +app/helpers+ from the application, railties and engines to the lookup path for helpers for the application. + +*+load_config_initializers+* Loads all Ruby files from +config/initializers+ in the application, railties and engines. The files in this directory can be used to hold configuration settings that should be made after all of the frameworks and plugins are loaded. + +NOTE: You can use subfolders to organize your initializers if you like, because Rails will look into the whole file hierarchy from the +initializers+ folder on down. + +TIP: If you have any ordering dependency in your initializers, you can control the load order by naming. For example, +01_critical.rb+ will be loaded before +02_normal.rb+. + +*+engines_blank_point+* Provides a point-in-initialization to hook into if you wish to do anything before engines are loaded. After this point, all railtie and engine initializers are ran. + +*+add_generator_templates+* Finds templates for generators at +lib/templates+ for the application, railities and engines and adds these to the +config.generators.templates+ setting, which will make the templates available for all generators to reference. + +*+ensure_autoload_once_paths_as_subset+* Ensures that the +config.autoload_once_paths+ only contains paths from +config.autoload_paths+. If it contains extra paths, then an exception will be raised. + +*+add_to_prepare_blocks+* The block for every +config.to_prepare+ call in the application, a railtie or engine is added to the +to_prepare+ callbacks for Action Dispatch which will be ran per request in development, or before the first request in production. + +*+add_builtin_route+* If the application is running under the development environment then this will append the route for +rails/info/properties+ to the application routes. This route provides the detailed information such as Rails and Ruby version for +public/index.html+ in a default Rails application. + +*+build_middleware_stack+* Builds the middleware stack for the application, returning an object which has a +call+ method which takes a Rack environment object for the request. + +*+eager_load!+* If +config.cache_classes+ is +true+, runs the +config.before_eager_load+ hooks and then calls +eager_load!+ which will load all the Ruby files from +config.eager_load_paths+. + +*+finisher_hook+* Provides a hook for after the initialization of process of the application is complete, as well as running all the +config.after_initialize+ blocks for the application, railties and engines. + +*+set_routes_reloader+* Configures Action Dispatch to reload the routes file using +ActionDispatch::Callbacks.to_prepare+. + +*+disable_dependency_loading+* -* +ENV['RAILS_GEM_VERSION']+ defines the version of the Rails gems to use, if +RAILS_GEM_VERSION+ is not defined in your +environment.rb+ file. h3. Changelog +* December 3, 2010: Added initialization events for Rails 3 ("Ryan Bigg":http://ryanbigg.com) +* November 26, 2010: Removed all config settings not available in Rails 3 ("Ryan Bigg":http://ryanbigg.com) * August 13, 2009: Updated with config syntax and added general configuration options by "John Pignata" * January 3, 2009: First reasonably complete draft by "Mike Gunderloy":credits.html#mgunderloy * November 5, 2008: Rough outline by "Mike Gunderloy":credits.html#mgunderloy |