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Diffstat (limited to 'railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html | 82 |
1 files changed, 41 insertions, 41 deletions
diff --git a/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html b/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html index 0297475d87..d4433451ba 100644 --- a/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html +++ b/railties/doc/guides/html/i18n.html @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ A default backend (which is intentionally named <em>Simple</em> backend) that im <h3 id="_the_public_i18n_api">1.2. The public I18n API</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The most important methods of the I18n API are:</p></div>
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> localize <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># Localize Date and Time objects to local formats</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These have the aliases #t and #l so you can use them like this:</p></div>
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@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>l Time<span style="color: #990000">.</span>now</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are also attribute readers and writers for the following attributes:</p></div>
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@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ backend <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Rails adds all <tt>.rb</tt> and <tt>.yml</tt> files from <tt>config/locales</tt> directory to your <strong>translations load path</strong>, automatically.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the default <tt>en.yml</tt> locale in this directory, containing a sample pair of translation strings:</p></div>
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@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The default <tt>environment.rb</tt> files has instruction how to add locales from another directory and how to set different default locale. Just uncomment and edit the specific lines.</p></div>
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@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>For the sake of completeness, let’s mention that if you do not want to use the <tt>environment.rb</tt> file for some reason, you can always wire up things manually, too.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To tell the I18n library where it can find your custom translation files you can specify the load path anywhere in your application - just make sure it gets run before any translations are actually looked up. You might also want to change the default locale. The simplest thing possible is to put the following into an <strong>initializer</strong>:</p></div>
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@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>default_locale <span style="color: #990 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default the I18n library will use :en (English) as a I18n.default_locale for looking up translations (if you do not specify a locale for a lookup).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to translate your Rails application to a single language other than English you can set I18n.default_locale to your locale. If you want to change the locale on a per-request basis though you can set it in a before_filter on the ApplicationController like this:</p></div>
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@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>The process of "internationalization" usually means to abstract all strings and other locale specific bits out of your application. The process of "localization" means to then provide translations and localized formats for these bits. <a href="#1">[1]</a></p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>So, let’s internationalize something. You most probably have something like this in one of your applications:</p></div>
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@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ ActionController<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Routing<span style="color: <h3 id="_adding_translations">3.1. Adding Translations</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Obviously there are two strings that are localized to English. In order to internationalize this code replace these strings with calls to Rails' #t helper with a key that makes sense for the translation:</p></div>
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@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> </div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>So let’s add the missing translations (i.e. do the "localization" part):</p></div>
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@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ pirate<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <h3 id="_adding_date_time_formats">3.2. Adding Date/Time formats</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Ok, let’s add a timestamp to the view so we can demo the date/time localization feature as well. To localize the time format you pass the Time object to I18n.l or (preferably) use Rails' #l helper. You can pick a format by passing the :format option, by default the :default format is used.</p></div>
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="color: #FF0000"><p><%= l Time.now, :format =></span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>short <span style="color: #990000">%></span><span style="color: #FF0000"></p></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>And in our pirate translations file let’s add a time format (it’s already there in Rails' defaults for English):</p></div>
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@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ localize dates, numbers, currency etc. <h4 id="_basic_lookup_scopes_and_nested_keys">4.1.1. Basic lookup, scopes and nested keys</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Translations are looked up by keys which can be both Symbols or Strings, so these calls are equivalent:</p></div>
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@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #FF0000">'message'</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>translate also takes a :scope option which can contain one or many additional keys that will be used to specify a “namespace” or scope for a translation key:</p></div>
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@@ -423,14 +423,14 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>This looks up the :invalid message in the ActiveRecord error messages.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, both the key and scopes can be specified as dot separated keys as in:</p></div>
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<pre><tt>I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>translate <span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #FF0000">"active_record.error_messages.invalid"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus the following calls are equivalent:</p></div>
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@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span> <h4 id="_defaults">4.1.2. Defaults</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When a default option is given its value will be returned if the translation is missing:</p></div>
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@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>If the default value is a Symbol it will be used as a key and translated. One can provide multiple values as default. The first one that results in a value will be returned.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g. the following first tries to translate the key :missing and then the key :also_missing. As both do not yield a result the string "Not here" will be returned:</p></div>
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@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h4 id="_bulk_and_namespace_lookup">4.1.3. Bulk and namespace lookup</h4>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To lookup multiple translations at once an array of keys can be passed:</p></div>
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@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => ["must be odd", "must be even"]</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Also, a key can translate to a (potentially nested) hash as grouped translations. E.g. one can receive all ActiveRecord error messages as a Hash with:</p></div>
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@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that variables can be interpolated into the translation. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>All options besides :default and :scope that are passed to #translate will be interpolated to the translation:</p></div>
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@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>translate <span style="color: #990000"> <div class="paragraph"><p>In English there’s only a singular and a plural form for a given string, e.g. "1 message" and "2 messages". Other languages (<a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ar">Arabic</a>, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ja">Japanese</a>, <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html#ru">Russian</a> and many more) have different grammars that have additional or less <a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/data/charts/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html">plural forms</a>. Thus, the I18n API provides a flexible pluralization feature.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The :count interpolation variable has a special role in that it both is interpolated to the translation and used to pick a pluralization from the translations according to the pluralization rules defined by CLDR:</p></div>
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@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>translate <span style="color: #990000"> <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># => '2 messages'</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The algorithm for pluralizations in :en is as simple as:</p></div>
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@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>The locale can be either set pseudo-globally to I18n.locale (which uses Thread.current like, e.g., Time.zone) or can be passed as an option to #translate and #localize.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If no locale is passed I18n.locale is used:</p></div>
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@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>l Time<span style="color: #990000">.</span>now</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Explicitely passing a locale:</p></div>
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@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>l Time<span style="color: #990000">.</span>now<span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>locale <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span>de</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>I18n.locale defaults to I18n.default_locale which defaults to :en. The default locale can be set like this:</p></div>
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@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>The shipped Simple backend allows you to store translations in both plain Ruby and YAML format. <a href="#2">[2]</a></p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example a Ruby Hash providing translations can look like this:</p></div>
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@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="color: #FF0000">}</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The equivalent YAML file would look like this:</p></div>
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@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>As you see in both cases the toplevel key is the locale. :foo is a namespace key and :bar is the key for the translation "baz".</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here is a "real" example from the ActiveSupport en.yml translations YAML file:</p></div>
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@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> long<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">"%B %d, %Y"</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>So, all of the following equivalent lookups will return the :short date format "%B %d":</p></div>
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@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>t <span style="color: #990000">:</span> <div class="paragraph"><p>You can use the methods Model.human_name and Model.human_attribute_name(attribute) to transparently lookup translations for your model and attribute names.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example when you add the following translations:</p></div>
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@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>This gives you quite powerful means to flexibly adjust your messages to your application’s needs.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Consider a User model with a validates_presence_of validation for the name attribute like this:</p></div>
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@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The key for the error message in this case is :blank. ActiveRecord will lookup this key in the namespaces:</p></div>
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@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ activerecord<span style="color: #990000">.</span>errors<span style="color: #9900 activerecord<span style="color: #990000">.</span>errors<span style="color: #990000">.</span>messages</tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus, in our example it will try the following keys in this order and return the first result:</p></div>
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@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ activerecord<span style="color: #990000">.</span>errors<span style="color: #9900 <div class="paragraph"><p>When your models are additionally using inheritance then the messages are looked up for the inherited model class names are looked up.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, you might have an Admin model inheriting from User:</p></div>
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@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then ActiveRecord will look for messages in this order:</p></div>
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@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you are using the ActiveRecord error_messages_for helper you will want to add translations for it.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Rails ships with the following translations:</p></div>
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@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <div class="paragraph"><p>For several reasons the shipped Simple backend only does the "simplest thing that ever could work" <em>for Ruby on Rails</em> <a href="#3">[3]</a> ... which means that it is only guaranteed to work for English and, as a side effect, languages that are very similar to English. Also, the simple backend is only capable of reading translations but can not dynamically store them to any format.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>That does not mean you’re stuck with these limitations though. The Ruby I18n gem makes it very easy to exchange the Simple backend implementation with something else that fits better for your needs. E.g. you could exchange it with Globalize’s Static backend:</p></div>
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@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> <h3 id="_using_different_exception_handlers">6.2. Using different exception handlers</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The I18n API defines the following exceptions that will be raised by backends when the corresponding unexpected conditions occur:</p></div>
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@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ UnknownFileType <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color <div class="paragraph"><p>The reason for this is that during development you’d usually want your views to still render even though a translation is missing.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In other contexts you might want to change this behaviour though. E.g. the default exception handling does not allow to catch missing translations during automated tests easily. For this purpose a different exception handler can be specified. The specified exception handler must be a method on the I18n module:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ I18n<span style="color: #990000">.</span>exception_handler <span style="color: # <div class="paragraph"><p>Another example where the default behaviour is less desirable is the Rails TranslationHelper which provides the method #t (as well as #translate). When a MissingTranslationData exception occurs in this context the helper wraps the message into a span with the css class translation_missing.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To do so the helper forces I18n#translate to raise exceptions no matter what exception handler is defined by setting the :raise option:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.11.1
+<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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