17 files changed, 267 insertions, 181 deletions
diff --git a/guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_posts.png b/guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_posts.png
index c6750e1ae1..c0de53555d 100644
--- a/guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_posts.png
+++ b/guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_posts.png
diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile b/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile
index b355c7d91a..5b574cfc1d 100644
--- a/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile
+++ b/guides/code/getting_started/Gemfile
@@ -4,26 +4,30 @@ gem 'rails', '4.0.0'
 
 gem 'sqlite3'
 
-# Gems used only for assets and not required
-# in production environments by default.
-group :assets do
-  gem 'sprockets-rails'
-  gem 'sass-rails'
-  gem 'coffee-rails'
+# Use SCSS for stylesheets
+gem 'sass-rails'
 
-  # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
-  # gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
+# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
+gem 'coffee-rails'
 
-  gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
-end
+# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
+# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
+
+# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
+gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3'
 
 gem 'jquery-rails'
 
 # Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
 gem 'turbolinks'
 
+group :doc do
+  # bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
+  gem 'sdoc'
+end
+
 # Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
-gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.0.1'
+gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.2'
 
 # To use ActiveModel has_secure_password
 # gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'
diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/config/application.rb b/guides/code/getting_started/config/application.rb
index 526a782b5c..3d7604b659 100644
--- a/guides/code/getting_started/config/application.rb
+++ b/guides/code/getting_started/config/application.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
 
 require 'rails/all'
 
-# Assets should be precompiled for production (so we don't need the gems loaded then)
-Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(assets: %w(development test)))
+# Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems
+# you've limited to :test, :development, or :production.
+Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env)
 
 module Blog
   class Application < Rails::Application
diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html
index ae7b8649ae..3d287b135d 100644
--- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html
+++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 <html>
 <head>
   <title>The page you were looking for doesn't exist (404)</title>
- <style>
-  body 
-  {
-    background-color: #efefef;
+  <style>
+  body {
+    background-color: #EFEFEF;
     color: #2E2F30;
     text-align: center;
-    font-family: arial,sans-serif;
+    font-family: arial, sans-serif;
   }
-  div.dialog
-  {
+
+  div.dialog {
     width: 25em;
     margin: 4em auto 0 auto;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
@@ -24,17 +23,18 @@
     background-color: white;
     padding: 7px 4em 0 4em;
   }
-  h1{
+
+  h1 {
     font-size: 100%;
     color: #730E15;
     line-height: 1.5em;
   }
-  body>p
-  {
-    width: 33em; 
+
+  body > p {
+    width: 33em;
     margin: 0 auto 1em;
     padding: 1em 0;
-    background-color: #f7f7f7;
+    background-color: #F7F7F7;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
     border-right-color: #999;
     border-bottom-color: #999;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;
     border-top-color: #DADADA;
     color: #666;
-    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50,50,50,0.17);
+    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17);
   }
   </style>
 </head>
diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html
index 0b64eb4ae9..3b946bf4a4 100644
--- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html
+++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 <html>
 <head>
   <title>The change you wanted was rejected (422)</title>
- <style>
-  body
-  {
-    background-color: #efefef;
+  <style>
+  body {
+    background-color: #EFEFEF;
     color: #2E2F30;
     text-align: center;
-    font-family: arial,sans-serif;
+    font-family: arial, sans-serif;
   }
-  div.dialog
-  {
+
+  div.dialog {
     width: 25em;
     margin: 4em auto 0 auto;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
@@ -24,17 +23,18 @@
     background-color: white;
     padding: 7px 4em 0 4em;
   }
-  h1{
+
+  h1 {
     font-size: 100%;
     color: #730E15;
     line-height: 1.5em;
   }
-  body>p
-  {
+
+  body > p {
     width: 33em;
     margin: 0 auto 1em;
     padding: 1em 0;
-    background-color: #f7f7f7;
+    background-color: #F7F7F7;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
     border-right-color: #999;
     border-bottom-color: #999;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;
     border-top-color: #DADADA;
     color: #666;
-    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50,50,50,0.17);
+    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17);
   }
   </style>
 </head>
diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html
index 9641851e74..ccc4ad5656 100644
--- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html
+++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 <html>
 <head>
   <title>We're sorry, but something went wrong (500)</title>
- <style>
-  body 
-  {
-    background-color: #efefef;
+  <style>
+  body {
+    background-color: #EFEFEF;
     color: #2E2F30;
     text-align: center;
-    font-family: arial,sans-serif;
+    font-family: arial, sans-serif;
   }
-  div.dialog
-  {
+
+  div.dialog {
     width: 25em;
     margin: 4em auto 0 auto;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
@@ -24,17 +23,18 @@
     background-color: white;
     padding: 7px 4em 0 4em;
   }
-  h1{
+
+  h1 {
     font-size: 100%;
     color: #730E15;
     line-height: 1.5em;
   }
-  body>p
-  {
-    width: 33em; 
+
+  body > p {
+    width: 33em;
     margin: 0 auto 1em;
     padding: 1em 0;
-    background-color: #f7f7f7;
+    background-color: #F7F7F7;
     border: 1px solid #CCC;
     border-right-color: #999;
     border-bottom-color: #999;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     border-bottom-right-radius: 4px;
     border-top-color: #DADADA;
     color: #666;
-    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50,50,50,0.17);
+    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17);
   }
   </style>
 </head>
diff --git a/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md b/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md
index cef82f3784..802455f612 100644
--- a/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md
+++ b/guides/source/2_2_release_notes.md
@@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ Documentation
 
 The internal documentation of Rails, in the form of code comments, has been improved in numerous places. In addition, the [Ruby on Rails Guides](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/) project is the definitive source for information on major Rails components. In its first official release, the Guides page includes:
 
-* [Getting Started with Rails](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html)
-* [Rails Database Migrations](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/migrations.html)
-* [Active Record Associations](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html)
-* [Active Record Query Interface](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_querying.html)
-* [Layouts and Rendering in Rails](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/layouts_and_rendering.html)
-* [Action View Form Helpers](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html)
-* [Rails Routing from the Outside In](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html)
-* [Action Controller Overview](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_controller_overview.html)
-* [Rails Caching](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/caching_with_rails.html)
-* [A Guide to Testing Rails Applications](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/testing.html)
-* [Securing Rails Applications](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html)
-* [Debugging Rails Applications](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/debugging_rails_applications.html)
-* [Performance Testing Rails Applications](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/performance_testing.html)
-* [The Basics of Creating Rails Plugins](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/plugins.html)
+* [Getting Started with Rails](getting_started.html)
+* [Rails Database Migrations](migrations.html)
+* [Active Record Associations](association_basics.html)
+* [Active Record Query Interface](active_record_querying.html)
+* [Layouts and Rendering in Rails](layouts_and_rendering.html)
+* [Action View Form Helpers](form_helpers.html)
+* [Rails Routing from the Outside In](routing.html)
+* [Action Controller Overview](action_controller_overview.html)
+* [Rails Caching](caching_with_rails.html)
+* [A Guide to Testing Rails Applications](testing.html)
+* [Securing Rails Applications](security.html)
+* [Debugging Rails Applications](debugging_rails_applications.html)
+* [Performance Testing Rails Applications](performance_testing.html)
+* [The Basics of Creating Rails Plugins](plugins.html)
 
 All told, the Guides provide tens of thousands of words of guidance for beginning and intermediate Rails developers.
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ This will enable recognition of (among others) these routes:
 
 * Lead Contributor: [S. Brent Faulkner](http://www.unwwwired.net/)
 * More information:
-    * [Rails Routing from the Outside In](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html#nested-resources)
+    * [Rails Routing from the Outside In](routing.html#nested-resources)
     * [What's New in Edge Rails: Shallow Routes](http://ryandaigle.com/articles/2008/9/7/what-s-new-in-edge-rails-shallow-routes)
 
 ### Method Arrays for Member or Collection Routes
diff --git a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md
index 403b22852b..5e99063da8 100644
--- a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md
+++ b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class PeopleController < ActionController::Base
 
   # This will pass with flying colors as long as there's a person key
   # in the parameters, otherwise it'll raise a
-  # ActionController::MissingParameter exception, which will get
+  # ActionController::ParameterMissing exception, which will get
   # caught by ActionController::Base and turned into that 400 Bad
   # Request reply.
   def update
diff --git a/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md b/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md
index 31182e9aed..a0d962f9c4 100644
--- a/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md
+++ b/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md
@@ -564,31 +564,8 @@ config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
 Mailer Testing
 --------------
 
-By default Action Mailer does not send emails in the test environment. They are just added to the `ActionMailer::Base.deliveries` array.
-
-Testing mailers normally involves two things: One is that the mail was queued, and the other one that the email is correct. With that in mind, we could test our example mailer from above like so:
-
-```ruby
-class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
-  def test_welcome_email
-    user = users(:some_user_in_your_fixtures)
-
-    # Send the email, then test that it got queued
-    email = UserMailer.welcome_email(user).deliver
-    assert !ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.empty?
-
-    # Test the body of the sent email contains what we expect it to
-    assert_equal [user.email], email.to
-    assert_equal 'Welcome to My Awesome Site', email.subject
-    assert_match "<h1>Welcome to example.com, #{user.name}</h1>", email.body.to_s
-    assert_match 'you have joined to example.com community', email.body.to_s
-  end
-end
-```
-
-In the test we send the email and store the returned object in the `email` variable. We then ensure that it was sent (the first assert), then, in the second batch of assertions, we ensure that the email does indeed contain what we expect.
-
-NOTE: The `ActionMailer::Base.deliveries` array is only reset automatically in `ActionMailer::TestCase` tests. If you want to have a clean slate outside Action Mailer tests, you can reset it manually with: `ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.clear`
+You can find detailed instructions on how to test your mailers in our
+[testing guide](testing.html#testing-your-mailers).
 
 Intercepting Emails
 -------------------
diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_querying.md b/guides/source/active_record_querying.md
index fcdb342a03..2589accadd 100644
--- a/guides/source/active_record_querying.md
+++ b/guides/source/active_record_querying.md
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ The methods are:
 * `reorder`
 * `reverse_order`
 * `select`
+* `distinct`
 * `uniq`
 * `where`
 
@@ -576,10 +577,10 @@ ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: <attribute>
 
 Where `<attribute>` is the attribute you asked for. The `id` method will not raise the `ActiveRecord::MissingAttributeError`, so just be careful when working with associations because they need the `id` method to function properly.
 
-If you would like to only grab a single record per unique value in a certain field, you can use `uniq`:
+If you would like to only grab a single record per unique value in a certain field, you can use `distinct`:
 
 ```ruby
-Client.select(:name).uniq
+Client.select(:name).distinct
 ```
 
 This would generate SQL like:
@@ -591,10 +592,10 @@ SELECT DISTINCT name FROM clients
 You can also remove the uniqueness constraint:
 
 ```ruby
-query = Client.select(:name).uniq
+query = Client.select(:name).distinct
 # => Returns unique names
 
-query.uniq(false)
+query.distinct(false)
 # => Returns all names, even if there are duplicates
 ```
 
@@ -1434,7 +1435,7 @@ Client.where(active: true).pluck(:id)
 # SELECT id FROM clients WHERE active = 1
 # => [1, 2, 3]
 
-Client.uniq.pluck(:role)
+Client.distinct.pluck(:role)
 # SELECT DISTINCT role FROM clients
 # => ['admin', 'member', 'guest']
 
diff --git a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md
index c6984b4a41..b6363bdfb1 100644
--- a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md
+++ b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md
@@ -53,6 +53,22 @@ The easiest and recommended way to get a development environment ready to hack i
 
 In case you can't use the Rails development box, see section above, check [this other guide](development_dependencies_install.html).
 
+
+Running an Application Against Your Local Branch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The `--dev` flag of `rails new` generates an application that uses your local
+branch:
+
+```bash
+$ cd rails
+$ bundle exec rails new ~/my-test-app --dev
+```
+
+The application generated in `~/my-test-app` runs against your local branch
+and in particular sees any modifications upon server reboot.
+
+
 Testing Active Record
 ---------------------
 
@@ -201,6 +217,17 @@ Now get busy and add or edit code. You’re on your branch now, so you can write
 * Include tests that fail without your code, and pass with it.
 * Update the (surrounding) documentation, examples elsewhere, and the guides: whatever is affected by your contribution.
 
+It is not customary in Rails to run the full test suite before pushing
+changes. The railties test suite in particular takes a long time, and even
+more if the source code is mounted in `/vagrant` as happens in the recommended
+workflow with the [rails-dev-box](https://github.com/rails/rails-dev-box).
+
+As a compromise, test what your code obviously affects, and if the change is
+not in railties run the whole test suite of the affected component. If all is
+green that's enough to propose your contribution. We have [Travis CI](https
+://travis-ci.org/) as a safety net for catching unexpected breakages
+elsewhere.
+
 TIP: Changes that are cosmetic in nature and do not add anything substantial to the stability, functionality, or testability of Rails will generally not be accepted.
 
 ### Follow the Coding Conventions
diff --git a/guides/source/engines.md b/guides/source/engines.md
index 00939c4ff2..ac76f00832 100644
--- a/guides/source/engines.md
+++ b/guides/source/engines.md
@@ -676,7 +676,12 @@ There are now no strict dependencies on what the class is, only what the API for
 
 Within an engine, there may come a time where you wish to use things such as initializers, internationalization or other configuration options. The great news is that these things are entirely possible because a Rails engine shares much the same functionality as a Rails application. In fact, a Rails application's functionality is actually a superset of what is provided by engines!
 
-If you wish to use an initializer — code that should run before the engine is loaded — the place for it is the `config/initializers` folder. This directory's functionality is explained in the [Initializers section](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#initializers) of the Configuring guide, and works precisely the same way as the `config/initializers` directory inside an application. Same goes for if you want to use a standard initializer.
+If you wish to use an initializer — code that should run before the engine is
+loaded — the place for it is the `config/initializers` folder. This directory's
+functionality is explained in the
+[Initializers section](configuring.html#initializers) of the Configuring guide,
+and works precisely the same way as the `config/initializers` directory inside
+an application. Same goes for if you want to use a standard initializer.
 
 For locales, simply place the locale files in the `config/locales` directory, just like you would in an application.
 
@@ -918,7 +923,7 @@ initializer "blorgh.assets.precompile" do |app|
 end
 ```
 
-For more information, read the [Asset Pipeline guide](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html)
+For more information, read the [Asset Pipeline guide](asset_pipeline.html)
 
 ### Other gem dependencies
 
diff --git a/guides/source/form_helpers.md b/guides/source/form_helpers.md
index 4e935442cc..3f16ebcf1d 100644
--- a/guides/source/form_helpers.md
+++ b/guides/source/form_helpers.md
@@ -906,7 +906,21 @@ If the associated object is already saved, `fields_for` autogenerates a hidden i
 
 ### The Controller
 
-You do not need to write any specific controller code to use nested attributes. Create and update records as you would with a simple form.
+As usual you need to
+[whitelist the parameters](action_controller_overview.html#strong-parameters) in
+the controller before you pass them to the model:
+
+```ruby
+def create
+  @person = Person.new(person_params)
+  # ...
+end
+
+private
+def person_params
+  params.require(:person).permit(:name, addresses_attributes: [:id, :kind, :street])
+end
+```
 
 ### Removing Objects
 
@@ -937,6 +951,16 @@ If the hash of attributes for an object contains the key `_destroy` with a value
 <% end %>
 ```
 
+Don't forget to update the whitelisted params in your controller to also include
+the `_destroy` field:
+
+```ruby
+def person_params
+  params.require(:person).
+    permit(:name, addresses_attributes: [:id, :kind, :street, :_destroy])
+end
+```
+
 ### Preventing Empty Records
 
 It is often useful to ignore sets of fields that the user has not filled in. You can control this by passing a `:reject_if` proc to `accepts_nested_attributes_for`. This proc will be called with each hash of attributes submitted by the form. If the proc returns `false` then Active Record will not build an associated object for that hash. The example below only tries to build an address if the `kind` attribute is set.
diff --git a/guides/source/getting_started.md b/guides/source/getting_started.md
index faddda0c0a..3881bb1195 100644
--- a/guides/source/getting_started.md
+++ b/guides/source/getting_started.md
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ To verify that you have everything installed correctly, you should be able to ru
 $ rails --version
 ```
 
-If it says something like "Rails 3.2.9", you are ready to continue.
+If it says something like "Rails 4.0.0", you are ready to continue.
 
 ### Creating the Blog Application
 
diff --git a/guides/source/initialization.md b/guides/source/initialization.md
index 8ba5fa4601..412f2faaaa 100644
--- a/guides/source/initialization.md
+++ b/guides/source/initialization.md
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ def start
   url = "#{options[:SSLEnable] ? 'https' : 'http'}://#{options[:Host]}:#{options[:Port]}"
   puts "=> Booting #{ActiveSupport::Inflector.demodulize(server)}"
   puts "=> Rails #{Rails.version} application starting in #{Rails.env} on #{url}"
-  puts "=> Call with -d to detach" unless options[:daemonize]
+  puts "=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options"
   trap(:INT) { exit }
   puts "=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server" unless options[:daemonize]
 
diff --git a/guides/source/testing.md b/guides/source/testing.md
index 7b206f8b4a..70061dc815 100644
--- a/guides/source/testing.md
+++ b/guides/source/testing.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 A Guide to Testing Rails Applications
 =====================================
 
-This guide covers built-in mechanisms offered by Rails to test your
-application.
+This guide covers built-in mechanisms in Rails for testing your application.
 
 After reading this guide, you will know:
 
@@ -38,11 +37,11 @@ Rails creates a `test` folder for you as soon as you create a Rails project usin
 
 ```bash
 $ ls -F test
-
-fixtures/  functional/  integration/  test_helper.rb  unit/
+controllers/    helpers/        mailers/        test_helper.rb
+fixtures/       integration/    models/
 ```
 
-The `unit` directory is meant to hold tests for your models, the `functional` directory is meant to hold tests for your controllers and the `integration` directory is meant to hold tests that involve any number of controllers interacting.
+The `models` directory is meant to hold tests for your models, the `controllers` directory is meant to hold tests for your controllers and the `integration` directory is meant to hold tests that involve any number of controllers interacting.
 
 Fixtures are a way of organizing test data; they reside in the `fixtures` folder.
 
@@ -140,10 +139,9 @@ The default test stub in `test/unit/post_test.rb` looks like this:
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class PostTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
-  # Replace this with your real tests.
-  test "the truth" do
-    assert true
-  end
+  # test "the truth" do
+  #   assert true
+  # end
 end
 ```
 
@@ -224,34 +222,30 @@ TIP: You can see all these rake tasks and their descriptions by running `rake --
 
 ### Running Tests
 
-Running a test is as simple as invoking the file containing the test cases through Ruby:
+Running a test is as simple as invoking the file containing the test cases through `rails test` command.
 
 ```bash
-$ ruby -Itest test/unit/post_test.rb
-
-Loaded suite models/post_test
-Started
+$ rails test test/models/post_test.rb
 .
-Finished in 0.023513 seconds.
 
-1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
-```
+Finished tests in 0.009262s, 107.9680 tests/s, 107.9680 assertions/s.
 
-This will run all the test methods from the test case. Note that `test_helper.rb` is in the `test` directory, hence this directory needs to be added to the load path using the `-I` switch.
+1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
+```
 
-You can also run a particular test method from the test case by using the `-n` switch with the `test method name`.
+You can also run a particular test method from the test case by running the test and using `-n` switch with the `test method name`.
 
 ```bash
-$ ruby -Itest test/unit/post_test.rb -n test_the_truth
-
-Loaded suite unit/post_test
-Started
+$ rails test test/models/post_test.rb -n test_the_truth
 .
-Finished in 0.023513 seconds.
 
-1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
+Finished tests in 0.009064s, 110.3266 tests/s, 110.3266 assertions/s.
+
+1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
 ```
 
+This will run all test methods from the test case. Note that `test_helper.rb` is in the `test` directory, hence this directory needs to be added to the load path using the `-I` switch.
+
 The `.` (dot) above indicates a passing test. When a test fails you see an `F`; when a test throws an error you see an `E` in its place. The last line of the output is the summary.
 
 To see how a test failure is reported, you can add a failing test to the `post_test.rb` test case.
@@ -266,17 +260,16 @@ end
 Let us run this newly added test.
 
 ```bash
-$ ruby -Itest test/unit/post_test.rb -n test_should_not_save_post_without_title
-Loaded suite -e
-Started
+$ rails test test/models/post_test.rb -n test_should_not_save_post_without_title
 F
-Finished in 0.102072 seconds.
+
+Finished tests in 0.044632s, 22.4054 tests/s, 22.4054 assertions/s.
 
   1) Failure:
-test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [/test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
-<false> is not true.
+test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
+Failed assertion, no message given.
 
-1 tests, 1 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors
+1 tests, 1 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
 ```
 
 In the output, `F` denotes a failure. You can see the corresponding trace shown under `1)` along with the name of the failing test. The next few lines contain the stack trace followed by a message which mentions the actual value and the expected value by the assertion. The default assertion messages provide just enough information to help pinpoint the error. To make the assertion failure message more readable, every assertion provides an optional message parameter, as shown here:
@@ -292,9 +285,8 @@ Running this test shows the friendlier assertion message:
 
 ```bash
   1) Failure:
-test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [/test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
-Saved the post without a title.
-<false> is not true.
+test_should_not_save_post_without_title(PostTest) [test/models/post_test.rb:6]:
+Saved the post without a title
 ```
 
 Now to get this test to pass we can add a model level validation for the _title_ field.
@@ -308,13 +300,12 @@ end
 Now the test should pass. Let us verify by running the test again:
 
 ```bash
-$ ruby -Itest test/unit/post_test.rb -n test_should_not_save_post_without_title
-Loaded suite unit/post_test
-Started
+$ rails test test/models/post_test.rb -n test_should_not_save_post_without_title
 .
-Finished in 0.193608 seconds.
 
-1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
+Finished tests in 0.047721s, 20.9551 tests/s, 20.9551 assertions/s.
+
+1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips
 ```
 
 Now, if you noticed, we first wrote a test which fails for a desired functionality, then we wrote some code which adds the functionality and finally we ensured that our test passes. This approach to software development is referred to as _Test-Driven Development_ (TDD).
@@ -334,18 +325,17 @@ end
 Now you can see even more output in the console from running the tests:
 
 ```bash
-$ ruby -Itest test/unit/post_test.rb -n test_should_report_error
-Loaded suite -e
-Started
+$ rails test test/models/post_test.rb -n test_should_report_error
 E
-Finished in 0.082603 seconds.
+
+Finished tests in 0.030974s, 32.2851 tests/s, 0.0000 assertions/s.
 
   1) Error:
 test_should_report_error(PostTest):
-NameError: undefined local variable or method `some_undefined_variable' for #<PostTest:0x249d354>
-    /test/models/post_test.rb:6:in `test_should_report_error'
+NameError: undefined local variable or method `some_undefined_variable' for #<PostTest:0x007fe32e24afe0>
+    test/models/post_test.rb:10:in `block in <class:PostTest>'
 
-1 tests, 0 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors
+1 tests, 0 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips
 ```
 
 Notice the 'E' in the output. It denotes a test with error.
@@ -511,6 +501,21 @@ You also have access to three instance variables in your functional tests:
 * `@request` - The request
 * `@response` - The response
 
+### Setting Headers and CGI variables
+
+Headers and cgi variables can be set directly on the `@request`
+instance variable:
+
+```ruby
+# setting a HTTP Header
+@request.headers["Accepts"] = "text/plain, text/html"
+get :index # simulate the request with custom header
+
+# setting a CGI variable
+@request.headers["HTTP_REFERER"] = "http://example.com/home"
+post :create # simulate the request with custom env variable
+```
+
 ### Testing Templates and Layouts
 
 If you want to make sure that the response rendered the correct template and layout, you can use the `assert_template`
@@ -642,12 +647,9 @@ Here's what a freshly-generated integration test looks like:
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class UserFlowsTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
-  fixtures :all
-
-  # Replace this with your real tests.
-  test "the truth" do
-    assert true
-  end
+  # test "the truth" do
+  #   assert true
+  # end
 end
 ```
 
@@ -755,23 +757,28 @@ end
 Rake Tasks for Running your Tests
 ---------------------------------
 
-You don't need to set up and run your tests by hand on a test-by-test basis. Rails comes with a number of rake tasks to help in testing. The table below lists all rake tasks that come along in the default Rakefile when you initiate a Rails project.
+You don't need to set up and run your tests by hand on a test-by-test basis. Rails comes with a number of commands to help in testing. The table below lists all commands that come along in the default Rakefile when you initiate a Rails project.
+
+| Tasks                    | Description |
+| ------------------------ | ----------- |
+| `rails test`             | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rails test` as Rails will run all the tests by default|
+| `rails test controllers` | Runs all the controller tests from `test/controllers`|
+| `rails test functionals` | Runs all the functional tests from `test/controllers`, `test/mailers`, and `test/functional`|
+| `rails test helpers`     | Runs all the helper tests from `test/helpers`|
+| `rails test integration` | Runs all the integration tests from `test/integration`|
+| `rails test mailers`     | Runs all the mailer tests from `test/mailers`|
+| `rails test models`      | Runs all the model tests from `test/models`|
+| `rails test units`       | Runs all the unit tests from `test/models`, `test/helpers`, and `test/unit`|
 
-| Tasks                           | Description |
-| ------------------------------- | ----------- |
-| `rake test`                     | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rake` as the _test_ target is the default.|
-| `rake test:controllers`         | Runs all the controller tests from `test/controllers`|
-| `rake test:functionals`         | Runs all the functional tests from `test/controllers`, `test/mailers`, and `test/functional`|
-| `rake test:helpers`             | Runs all the helper tests from `test/helpers`|
-| `rake test:integration`         | Runs all the integration tests from `test/integration`|
-| `rake test:mailers`             | Runs all the mailer tests from `test/mailers`|
-| `rake test:models`              | Runs all the model tests from `test/models`|
-| `rake test:recent`              | Tests recent changes|
-| `rake test:uncommitted`         | Runs all the tests which are uncommitted. Supports Subversion and Git|
-| `rake test:units`               | Runs all the unit tests from `test/models`, `test/helpers`, and `test/unit`|
+There're also some test commands which you can initiate by running rake tasks:
 
+| Tasks                    | Description |
+| ------------------------ | ----------- |
+| `rake test`              | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rake` as the _test_ target is the default.|
+| `rake test:recent`       | Tests recent changes|
+| `rake test:uncommitted`  | Runs all the tests which are uncommitted. Supports Subversion and Git|
 
-Brief Note About `Test::Unit`
+Brief Note About `MiniTest`
 -----------------------------
 
 Ruby ships with a boat load of libraries. Ruby 1.8 provides `Test::Unit`, a framework for unit testing in Ruby. All the basic assertions discussed above are actually defined in `Test::Unit::Assertions`. The class `ActiveSupport::TestCase` which we have been using in our unit and functional tests extends `Test::Unit::TestCase`, allowing
@@ -920,19 +927,24 @@ require 'test_helper'
 class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
   tests UserMailer
   test "invite" do
-    @expected.from    = 'me@example.com'
-    @expected.to      = 'friend@example.com'
-    @expected.subject = "You have been invited by #{@expected.from}"
-    @expected.body    = read_fixture('invite')
-    @expected.date    = Time.now
-
-    assert_equal @expected.encoded, UserMailer.create_invite('me@example.com', 'friend@example.com', @expected.date).encoded
+    # Send the email, then test that it got queued
+    email = UserMailer.create_invite('me@example.com',
+                                     'friend@example.com', Time.now).deliver
+    assert !ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.empty?
+
+    # Test the body of the sent email contains what we expect it to
+    assert_equal ['me@example.com'], email.from
+    assert_equal ['friend@example.com'], email.to
+    assert_equal 'You have been invited by me@example.com', email.subject
+    assert_equal read_fixture('invite').join, email.body.to_s
   end
-
 end
 ```
 
-In this test, `@expected` is an instance of `TMail::Mail` that you can use in your tests. It is defined in `ActionMailer::TestCase`. The test above uses `@expected` to construct an email, which it then asserts with email created by the custom mailer. The `invite` fixture is the body of the email and is used as the sample content to assert against. The helper `read_fixture` is used to read in the content from this file.
+In the test we send the email and store the returned object in the `email`
+variable. We then ensure that it was sent (the first assert), then, in the
+second batch of assertions, we ensure that the email does indeed contain what we
+expect. The helper `read_fixture` is used to read in the content from this file.
 
 Here's the content of the `invite` fixture:
 
@@ -944,9 +956,17 @@ You have been invited.
 Cheers!
 ```
 
-This is the right time to understand a little more about writing tests for your mailers. The line `ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :test` in `config/environments/test.rb` sets the delivery method to test mode so that email will not actually be delivered (useful to avoid spamming your users while testing) but instead it will be appended to an array (`ActionMailer::Base.deliveries`).
+This is the right time to understand a little more about writing tests for your
+mailers. The line `ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method = :test` in
+`config/environments/test.rb` sets the delivery method to test mode so that
+email will not actually be delivered (useful to avoid spamming your users while
+testing) but instead it will be appended to an array
+(`ActionMailer::Base.deliveries`).
 
-This way, emails are not actually sent, simply constructed. The precise content of the email can then be checked against what is expected, as in the example above.
+NOTE: The `ActionMailer::Base.deliveries` array is only reset automatically in
+`ActionMailer::TestCase` tests. If you want to have a clean slate outside Action
+Mailer tests, you can reset it manually with:
+`ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.clear`
 
 ### Functional Testing
 
diff --git a/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md b/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md
index 62e2624434..9a667999fd 100644
--- a/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md
+++ b/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md
@@ -104,7 +104,17 @@ Rails 4.0 extracted Active Resource to its own gem. If you still need the featur
 
 ### Action Pack
 
-* Rails 4.0 introduces a new `UpgradeSignatureToEncryptionCookieStore` cookie store. This is useful for upgrading apps using the old default `CookieStore` to the new default `EncryptedCookieStore`. To use this transitional cookie store, you'll want to leave your existing `secret_token` in place, add a new `secret_key_base`, and change your `session_store` like so:
+* Rails 4.0 introduces `ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator` and uses this as a base from which to generate and verify signed cookies (among other things). Existing signed cookies generated with Rails 3.x will be transparently upgraded if you leave your existing `secret_token` in place and add the new `secret_key_base`.
+
+```ruby
+  # config/initializers/secret_token.rb
+  Myapp::Application.config.secret_token = 'existing secret token'
+  Myapp::Application.config.secret_key_base = 'new secret key base'
+```
+
+Please note that you should wait to set `secret_key_base` until you have 100% of your userbase on Rails 4.x and are reasonably sure you will not need to rollback to Rails 3.x. This is because cookies signed based on the new `secret_key_base` in Rails 4.x are not backwards compatible with Rails 3.x. You are free to leave your existing `secret_token` in place, not set the new `secret_key_base`, and ignore the deprecation warnings until you are reasonably sure that your upgrade is otherwise complete.
+
+* Rails 4.0 introduces a new `UpgradeSignatureToEncryptionCookieStore` cookie store. This is useful for upgrading apps using the old default `CookieStore` to the new default `EncryptedCookieStore` which leverages the new `ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator`. To use this transitional cookie store, you'll want to leave your existing `secret_token` in place, add a new `secret_key_base`, and change your `session_store` like so:
 
 ```ruby
   # config/initializers/session_store.rb
@@ -129,6 +139,23 @@ Rails 4.0 extracted Active Resource to its own gem. If you still need the featur
 
 * Rails 4.0 changed how `assert_generates`, `assert_recognizes`, and `assert_routing` work. Now all these assertions raise `Assertion` instead of `ActionController::RoutingError`.
 
+* Rails 4.0 raises an `ArgumentError` if clashing named routes are defined. This can be triggered by explicitly defined named routes or by the `resources` method. Here are two examples that clash with routes named `example_path`:
+
+```ruby
+  get 'one' => 'test#example', as: :example
+  get 'two' => 'test#example', as: :example
+```
+
+```ruby
+  resources :examples
+  get 'clashing/:id' => 'test#example', as: :example
+```
+
+In the first case, you can simply avoid using the same name for multiple
+routes. In the second, you can use the `only` or `except` options provided by
+the `resources` method to restrict the routes created as detailed in the
+[Routing Guide](routing.html#restricting-the-routes-created).
+
 * Rails 4.0 also changed the way unicode character routes are drawn. Now you can draw unicode character routes directly. If you already draw such routes, you must change them, for example:
 
 ```ruby