diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'guides')
25 files changed, 205 insertions, 110 deletions
diff --git a/guides/assets/images/favicon.ico b/guides/assets/images/favicon.ico Binary files differindex faa10b4580..87192a8a07 100644 --- a/guides/assets/images/favicon.ico +++ b/guides/assets/images/favicon.ico diff --git a/guides/source/5_0_release_notes.md b/guides/source/5_0_release_notes.md index dc631e5cb9..a868c5f856 100644 --- a/guides/source/5_0_release_notes.md +++ b/guides/source/5_0_release_notes.md @@ -94,6 +94,10 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][railties] for detailed changes. * Deprecated `config.serve_static_files` in favor of `config.public_file_server.enabled`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22173)) +* Deprecated the tasks in the `rails` task namespace in favor of the `app` namespace. + (e.g. `rails:update` and `rails:template` tasks is renamed to `app:update` and `app:template`.) + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23439)) + ### Notable changes * Added Rails test runner `bin/rails test`. @@ -120,6 +124,23 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][railties] for detailed changes. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22457), [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22288)) +* New applications are generated with the evented file system monitor enabled + on Linux and Mac OS X. The feature can be opted out by passing + `--skip-listen` to the generator. + ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/de6ad5665d2679944a9ee9407826ba88395a1003), + [commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/94dbc48887bf39c241ee2ce1741ee680d773f202)) + +* Generate applications with an option to log to STDOUT in production + using the environment variable `RAILS_LOG_TO_STDOUT`. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23734)) + +* Enable HSTS with IncludeSudomains header for new applications. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23852)) + +* The application generator writes a new file `config/spring.rb`, which tells + Spring to watch additional common files. + ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/b04d07337fd7bc17e88500e9d6bcd361885a45f8)) + Action Pack ----------- @@ -262,6 +283,17 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][action-pack] for detailed changes. (Pull Request [1](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/19377), [2](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23827)) +* Added an option for per-form CSRF tokens. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22275)) + +* Added request encoding and response parsing to integration tests. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21671)) + +* Update default rendering policies when the controller action did + not explicitly indicate a response. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23827)) + + Action View ------------- @@ -286,8 +318,9 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][action-view] for detailed changes. * Changed the default template handler from `ERB` to `Raw`. ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/4be859f0fdf7b3059a28d03c279f03f5938efc80)) -* Collection rendering automatically caches and fetches multiple partials. - ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18948)) +* Collection rendering can cache and fetches multiple partials. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18948), + [commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/e93f0f0f133717f9b06b1eaefd3442bd0ff43985)) * Allow defining explicit collection caching using a `# Template Collection: ...` directive inside templates. @@ -300,8 +333,8 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][action-view] for detailed changes. button on submit to prevent double submits. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21135)) -* Downcase model name in form submit tags rather than humanize. - ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22764)) +* Collection rendering can cache and fetch multiple partials at once. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21135)) Action Mailer @@ -336,7 +369,9 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][action-mailer] for detailed changes. the mailer queue name. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18587)) -* Added `config.action_mailer.perform_caching` configuration to determine whether your templates should perform caching or not. +* Added support for fragment caching in Action Mailer views. + Added new config option `config.action_mailer.perform_caching` to determine + whether your templates should perform caching or not. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22825)) @@ -456,6 +491,10 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][active-record] for detailed changes. `offset` method on relation instead. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22053)) +* Deprecated `{insert|update|delete}_sql` in `DatabaseStatements`. + Use the `{insert|update|delete}` public methods instead. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23086)) + ### Notable changes * Added a `foreign_key` option to `references` while creating the table. @@ -557,6 +596,9 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][active-record] for detailed changes. model behavior. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22567)) +* Added ActiveRecord `#second_to_last` and `#third_to_last` methods. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23583)) + Active Model ------------ @@ -624,15 +666,20 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][active-job] for detailed changes. * A generated job now inherits from `app/jobs/application_job.rb` by default. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/19034)) -* Allow `DelayedJob`, `Sidekiq`, `qu`, and `que` to report the job id back to - `ActiveJob::Base` as `provider_job_id`. +* Allow `DelayedJob`, `Sidekiq`, `qu`, `que`, and `queue_classic` to report + the job id back to `ActiveJob::Base` as `provider_job_id`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/20064), - [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/20056)) + [Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/20056), + [commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/68e3279163d06e6b04e043f91c9470e9259bbbe0)) * Implement a simple `AsyncJob` processor and associated `AsyncAdapter` that queue jobs to a `concurrent-ruby` thread pool. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21257)) +* Change the default adapter from inline to async. It's a better default as + tests will then not mistakenly come to rely on behavior happening + synchronously. + ([commit](https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/625baa69d14881ac49ba2e5c7d9cac4b222d7022)) Active Support -------------- @@ -701,6 +748,13 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][active-support] for detailed changes. Deprecated `ActiveSupport::Cache::LocaleCache#set_cache_value` in favor of `write_cache_value`. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22215)) +* Deprecated passing arguments to `assert_nothing_raised`. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23789)) + +* Deprecated `Module.local_constants` in favor of `Module.constants(false)`. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23936)) + + ### Notable changes * Added `#verified` and `#valid_message?` methods to @@ -770,6 +824,17 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog][active-support] for detailed changes. class and module variables that live per-thread. ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22630)) +* Added `Array#second_to_last` and `Array#third_to_last` methods. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23583)) + +* Added `#on_weekday?` method to `Date`, `Time`, and `DateTime`. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23687)) + +* Publish `ActiveSupport::Executor` and `ActiveSupport::Reloader` APIs to allow + components and libraries to manage, and participate in, the execution of + application code, and the application reloading process. + ([Pull Request](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/23807)) + Credits ------- diff --git a/guides/source/action_cable_overview.md b/guides/source/action_cable_overview.md index 16cfaf94e2..28578b3369 100644 --- a/guides/source/action_cable_overview.md +++ b/guides/source/action_cable_overview.md @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ App.cable.subscriptions.create "AppearanceChannel", 2. **Client** initiates a subscription to the `Appearance Channel` for their connection via `App.cable.subscriptions.create "AppearanceChannel"`. [*`appearance.coffee`*] 3. **Server** recognizes a new subscription has been initiated for `AppearanceChannel` channel performs the `subscribed` callback, which calls the `appear` method on the `current_user`. [*`appearance_channel.rb`*] 4. **Client** recognizes that a subscription has been established and calls `connected` [*`appearance.coffee`*] which in turn calls `@install` and `@appear`. `@appear` calls`AppearanceChannel#appear(data)` on the server, and supplies a data hash of `appearing_on: $("main").data("appearing-on")`. This is possible because the server-side channel instance will automatically expose the public methods declared on the class (minus the callbacks), so that these can be reached as remote procedure calls via a subscription's `perform` method. -5. **Server** receives the request for the `appear` action on the `AppearanceChannel` channel for the connection identified by `current_user`. [*`appearance_channel.rb`*] The server retrieves the data with the `appearing_on` key from the data hash, and sets it as the the value for the `on:` key being passed to `current_user.appear`. +5. **Server** receives the request for the `appear` action on the `AppearanceChannel` channel for the connection identified by `current_user`. [*`appearance_channel.rb`*] The server retrieves the data with the `appearing_on` key from the data hash and sets it as the value for the `on:` key being passed to `current_user.appear`. ### Example 2: Receiving new web notifications diff --git a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md index 9ef2c1a441..8997363fce 100644 --- a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md +++ b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md @@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ class LoginsController < ApplicationController end ``` -Now, the `LoginsController`'s `new` and `create` actions will work as before without requiring the user to be logged in. The `:only` option is used to only skip this filter for these actions, and there is also an `:except` option which works the other way. These options can be used when adding filters too, so you can add a filter which only runs for selected actions in the first place. +Now, the `LoginsController`'s `new` and `create` actions will work as before without requiring the user to be logged in. The `:only` option is used to skip this filter only for these actions, and there is also an `:except` option which works the other way. These options can be used when adding filters too, so you can add a filter which only runs for selected actions in the first place. ### After Filters and Around Filters diff --git a/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md b/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md index 558c16f5b0..5346b7c32b 100644 --- a/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md +++ b/guides/source/action_mailer_basics.md @@ -204,10 +204,14 @@ class UsersController < ApplicationController end ``` -NOTE: Active Job's default behavior is to execute jobs ':inline'. So, you can use -`deliver_later` now to send emails, and when you later decide to start sending -them from a background job, you'll only need to set up Active Job to use a queueing -backend (Sidekiq, Resque, etc). +NOTE: Active Job's default behavior is to execute jobs via the `:async` adapter. So, you can use +`deliver_later` now to send emails asynchronously. +Active Job's default adapter runs jobs with an in-process thread pool. +It's well-suited for the development/test environments, since it doesn't require +any external infrastructure, but it's a poor fit for production since it drops +pending jobs on restart. +If you need a persistent backend, you will need to use an Active Job adapter +that has a persistent backend (Sidekiq, Resque, etc). If you want to send emails right away (from a cronjob for example) just call `deliver_now`: diff --git a/guides/source/action_view_overview.md b/guides/source/action_view_overview.md index ce6f943e49..46116b1e47 100644 --- a/guides/source/action_view_overview.md +++ b/guides/source/action_view_overview.md @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ would produce: ```json { "name": "Alex", - "email: "alex@example.com" + "email": "alex@example.com" } ``` diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_basics.md b/guides/source/active_record_basics.md index fba89f9d13..d9e9466a33 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_record_basics.md +++ b/guides/source/active_record_basics.md @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class CreatePublications < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] t.string :publisher_type t.boolean :single_issue - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end add_index :publications, :publication_type_id end diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_migrations.md b/guides/source/active_record_migrations.md index feb0de8eea..cd6b7fdd67 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_record_migrations.md +++ b/guides/source/active_record_migrations.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CreateProducts < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] t.string :name t.text :description - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ class CreateProducts < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] create_table :products do |t| t.string :name t.text :description - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_querying.md b/guides/source/active_record_querying.md index af15d4870c..9d349691b4 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_record_querying.md +++ b/guides/source/active_record_querying.md @@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ You can pass in a numerical argument to the `take` method to return up to that n ```ruby client = Client.take(2) # => [ - #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lifo">, - #<Client id: 220, first_name: "Sara"> -] +# #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lifo">, +# #<Client id: 220, first_name: "Sara"> +# ] ``` The SQL equivalent of the above is: @@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ You can pass in a numerical argument to the `first` method to return up to that ```ruby client = Client.first(3) # => [ - #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lifo">, - #<Client id: 2, first_name: "Fifo">, - #<Client id: 3, first_name: "Filo"> -] +# #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lifo">, +# #<Client id: 2, first_name: "Fifo">, +# #<Client id: 3, first_name: "Filo"> +# ] ``` The SQL equivalent of the above is: @@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ You can pass in a numerical argument to the `last` method to return up to that n ```ruby client = Client.last(3) # => [ - #<Client id: 219, first_name: "James">, - #<Client id: 220, first_name: "Sara">, - #<Client id: 221, first_name: "Russel"> -] +# #<Client id: 219, first_name: "James">, +# #<Client id: 220, first_name: "Sara">, +# #<Client id: 221, first_name: "Russel"> +# ] ``` The SQL equivalent of the above is: @@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ now want the client named 'Nick': ```ruby nick = Client.find_or_initialize_by(first_name: 'Nick') -# => <Client id: nil, first_name: "Nick", orders_count: 0, locked: true, created_at: "2011-08-30 06:09:27", updated_at: "2011-08-30 06:09:27"> +# => #<Client id: nil, first_name: "Nick", orders_count: 0, locked: true, created_at: "2011-08-30 06:09:27", updated_at: "2011-08-30 06:09:27"> nick.persisted? # => false @@ -1645,10 +1645,10 @@ Client.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM clients INNER JOIN orders ON clients.id = orders.client_id ORDER BY clients.created_at desc") # => [ - #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lucas" >, - #<Client id: 2, first_name: "Jan" >, - # ... -] +# #<Client id: 1, first_name: "Lucas" >, +# #<Client id: 2, first_name: "Jan" >, +# ... +# ] ``` `find_by_sql` provides you with a simple way of making custom calls to the database and retrieving instantiated objects. @@ -1660,9 +1660,9 @@ Client.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM clients ```ruby Client.connection.select_all("SELECT first_name, created_at FROM clients WHERE id = '1'") # => [ - {"first_name"=>"Rafael", "created_at"=>"2012-11-10 23:23:45.281189"}, - {"first_name"=>"Eileen", "created_at"=>"2013-12-09 11:22:35.221282"} -] +# {"first_name"=>"Rafael", "created_at"=>"2012-11-10 23:23:45.281189"}, +# {"first_name"=>"Eileen", "created_at"=>"2013-12-09 11:22:35.221282"} +# ] ``` ### `pluck` diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_validations.md b/guides/source/active_record_validations.md index 10bd201145..baaebd21c8 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_record_validations.md +++ b/guides/source/active_record_validations.md @@ -505,6 +505,8 @@ constraints to acceptable values: * `:less_than_or_equal_to` - Specifies the value must be less than or equal to the supplied value. The default error message for this option is _"must be less than or equal to %{count}"_. +* `:other_than` - Specifies the value must be other than the supplied value. + The default error message for this option is _"must be other than %{count}"_. * `:odd` - Specifies the value must be an odd number if set to true. The default error message for this option is _"must be odd"_. * `:even` - Specifies the value must be an even number if set to true. The @@ -830,6 +832,25 @@ class Person < ApplicationRecord end ``` +You can also use `on:` to define custom context. +Custom contexts need to be triggered explicitly +by passing name of the context to `valid?`, `invalid?` or `save`. + +```ruby +class Person < ApplicationRecord + validates :email, uniqueness: true, on: :account_setup + validates :age, numericality: true, on: :account_setup +end + +person = Person.new +``` + +`person.valid?(:account_setup)` executes both the validations +without saving the model. And `person.save(context: :account_setup)` +validates `person` in `account_setup` context before saving. +On explicit triggers, model is validated by +validations of only that context and validations without context. + Strict Validations ------------------ diff --git a/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md b/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md index b994c863d1..d7f9201b26 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md +++ b/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md @@ -632,8 +632,6 @@ module ActiveSupport mattr_accessor :load_once_paths mattr_accessor :autoloaded_constants mattr_accessor :explicitly_unloadable_constants - mattr_accessor :logger - mattr_accessor :log_activity mattr_accessor :constant_watch_stack mattr_accessor :constant_watch_stack_mutex end diff --git a/guides/source/active_support_instrumentation.md b/guides/source/active_support_instrumentation.md index 0fd0112c9f..03af3cf819 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_support_instrumentation.md +++ b/guides/source/active_support_instrumentation.md @@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ Action Controller | `:controller` | The controller name | | `:action` | The action | | `:params` | Hash of request parameters without any filtered parameter | +| `:headers` | Request headers | | `:format` | html/js/json/xml etc | | `:method` | HTTP request verb | | `:path` | Request path | @@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ Action Controller controller: "PostsController", action: "new", params: { "action" => "new", "controller" => "posts" }, + headers: #<ActionDispatch::Http::Headers:0x0055a67a519b88>, format: :html, method: "GET", path: "/posts/new" @@ -134,6 +136,7 @@ Action Controller | `:controller` | The controller name | | `:action` | The action | | `:params` | Hash of request parameters without any filtered parameter | +| `:headers` | Request headers | | `:format` | html/js/json/xml etc | | `:method` | HTTP request verb | | `:path` | Request path | @@ -146,6 +149,7 @@ Action Controller controller: "PostsController", action: "index", params: {"action" => "index", "controller" => "posts"}, + headers: #<ActionDispatch::Http::Headers:0x0055a67a519b88>, format: :html, method: "GET", path: "/posts", diff --git a/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md b/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md index b6c612794c..cc3da47db9 100644 --- a/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md +++ b/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md @@ -25,13 +25,9 @@ It allows assets in your application to be automatically combined with assets from other gems. For example, jquery-rails includes a copy of jquery.js and enables AJAX features in Rails. -The asset pipeline is technically no longer a core feature from Rails 4 onwards -- it has -been extracted out of the framework into the -[sprockets-rails](https://github.com/rails/sprockets-rails) gem. - -The asset pipeline is enabled by default. - -You can disable the asset pipeline while creating a new application by +The asset pipeline is implemented by the +[sprockets-rails](https://github.com/rails/sprockets-rails) gem, +and is enabled by default. You can disable it while creating a new application by passing the `--skip-sprockets` option. ```bash @@ -670,7 +666,7 @@ anymore, delete these options from the `javascript_include_tag` and `stylesheet_link_tag`. The fingerprinting behavior is controlled by the `config.assets.digest` -initialization option (which defaults to `true` for production and development). +initialization option (which defaults to `true`). NOTE: Under normal circumstances the default `config.assets.digest` option should not be changed. If there are no digests in the filenames, and far-future @@ -789,7 +785,6 @@ location ~ ^/assets/ { add_header Cache-Control public; add_header ETag ""; - break; } ``` diff --git a/guides/source/association_basics.md b/guides/source/association_basics.md index 09ab64837a..4977d4f30e 100644 --- a/guides/source/association_basics.md +++ b/guides/source/association_basics.md @@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ class CreateBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :authors do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :books do |t| t.belongs_to :author, index: true t.datetime :published_at - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -136,13 +136,13 @@ class CreateSuppliers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :suppliers do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :accounts do |t| t.belongs_to :supplier, index: true t.string :account_number - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ class CreateAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :authors do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :books do |t| t.belongs_to :author, index: true t.datetime :published_at - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -222,19 +222,19 @@ class CreateAppointments < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :physicians do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :patients do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :appointments do |t| t.belongs_to :physician, index: true t.belongs_to :patient, index: true t.datetime :appointment_date - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -308,19 +308,19 @@ class CreateAccountHistories < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :suppliers do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :accounts do |t| t.belongs_to :supplier, index: true t.string :account_number - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :account_histories do |t| t.belongs_to :account, index: true t.integer :credit_rating - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -349,12 +349,12 @@ class CreateAssembliesAndParts < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :assemblies do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :parts do |t| t.string :part_number - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :assemblies_parts, id: false do |t| @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ class CreateSuppliers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :suppliers do |t| t.string :name - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end create_table :accounts do |t| t.integer :supplier_id t.string :account_number - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end add_index :accounts, :supplier_id @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class CreatePictures < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] t.string :name t.integer :imageable_id t.string :imageable_type - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end add_index :pictures, [:imageable_type, :imageable_id] @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class CreatePictures < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] create_table :pictures do |t| t.string :name t.references :imageable, polymorphic: true, index: true - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ class CreateEmployees < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change create_table :employees do |t| t.references :manager, index: true - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -545,12 +545,12 @@ author.books.size # uses the cached copy of books author.books.empty? # uses the cached copy of books ``` -But what if you want to reload the cache, because data might have been changed by some other part of the application? Just pass `true` to the association call: +But what if you want to reload the cache, because data might have been changed by some other part of the application? Just call `reload` on the association: ```ruby author.books # retrieves books from the database author.books.size # uses the cached copy of books -author.books(true).empty? # discards the cached copy of books +author.books.reload.empty? # discards the cached copy of books # and goes back to the database ``` @@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ end With these changes, Active Record will only load one copy of the author object, preventing inconsistencies and making your application more efficient: ```ruby -a = author.first +a = Author.first b = a.books.first a.first_name == b.author.first_name # => true a.first_name = 'Manny' @@ -932,15 +932,13 @@ side of the association. Counter cache columns are added to the containing model's list of read-only attributes through `attr_readonly`. ##### `:dependent` -If you set the `:dependent` option to: - -* `:destroy`, when the object is destroyed, `destroy` will be called on its -associated objects. -* `:delete_all`, when the object is destroyed, all its associated objects will be -deleted directly from the database without calling their `destroy` method. -* `:nullify`, causes the foreign key to be set to `NULL`. Callbacks are not executed. -* `:restrict_with_exception`, causes an exception to be raised if there is an associated record -* `:restrict_with_error`, causes an error to be added to the owner if there is an associated object +Controls what happens to associated objects when their owner is destroyed: + +* `:destroy` causes the associated objects to also be destroyed. +* `:delete_all` causes the associated objects to be deleted directly from the database (callbacks are not executed). +* `:nullify` causes the foreign keys to be set to `NULL` (callbacks are not executed). +* `:restrict_with_exception` causes an exception to be raised if there are associated records. +* `:restrict_with_error` causes an error to be added to the owner if there are associated objects. WARNING: You should not specify this option on a `belongs_to` association that is connected with a `has_many` association on the other class. Doing so can lead to orphaned records in your database. diff --git a/guides/source/configuring.md b/guides/source/configuring.md index 82e9a13aaa..e57d873719 100644 --- a/guides/source/configuring.md +++ b/guides/source/configuring.md @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ numbers. New applications filter out passwords by adding the following `config.f * `config.force_ssl` forces all requests to be served over HTTPS by using the `ActionDispatch::SSL` middleware, and sets `config.action_mailer.default_url_options` to be `{ protocol: 'https' }`. This can be configured by setting `config.ssl_options` - see the [ActionDispatch::SSL documentation](http://edgeapi.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionDispatch/SSL.html) for details. -* `config.log_formatter` defines the formatter of the Rails logger. This option defaults to an instance of `ActiveSupport::Logger::SimpleFormatter` for all modes except production, where it defaults to `Logger::Formatter`. +* `config.log_formatter` defines the formatter of the Rails logger. This option defaults to an instance of `ActiveSupport::Logger::SimpleFormatter` for all modes except production, where it defaults to `Logger::Formatter`. If you are setting a value for `config.logger` you must manually pass the value of your formatter to your logger before it is wrapped in an `ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging` instance, Rails will not do it for you. * `config.log_level` defines the verbosity of the Rails logger. This option defaults to `:debug` for all environments. The available log levels are: `:debug`, @@ -116,7 +116,21 @@ defaults to `:debug` for all environments. The available log levels are: `:debug * `config.log_tags` accepts a list of: methods that the `request` object responds to, a `Proc` that accepts the `request` object, or something that responds to `to_s`. This makes it easy to tag log lines with debug information like subdomain and request id - both very helpful in debugging multi-user production applications. -* `config.logger` accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby `Logger` class. Defaults to an instance of `ActiveSupport::Logger`. +* `config.logger` is the logger that will be used for `Rails.logger` and any related Rails logging such as `ActiveRecord::Base.logger`. It defaults to an instance of `ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging` that wraps an instance of `ActiveSupport::Logger` which outputs a log to the `log/` directory. You can supply a custom logger, to get full compatability you must follow these guidelines: + * To support a formatter you must manually assign a formatter from the `config.log_formatter` value to the logger. + * To support tagged loggs the log instance must be wrapped with `ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging`. + * To support silencing the logger must include `LoggerSilence` and `ActiveSupport::LoggerThreadSafeLevel` modules. The `ActiveSupport::Logger` class already includes these modules. + + ```ruby + class MyLogger < ::Logger + include ActiveSupport::LoggerThreadSafeLevel + include LoggerSilence + end + + mylogger = MyLogger.new(STDOUT) + mylogger.formatter = config.log_formatter + config.logger = ActiveSupport::TaggedLogging.new(mylogger) + ``` * `config.middleware` allows you to configure the application's middleware. This is covered in depth in the [Configuring Middleware](#configuring-middleware) section below. @@ -157,7 +171,7 @@ pipeline is enabled. It is set to true by default. * `config.assets.manifest` defines the full path to be used for the asset precompiler's manifest file. Defaults to a file named `manifest-<random>.json` in the `config.assets.prefix` directory within the public folder. -* `config.assets.digest` enables the use of MD5 fingerprints in asset names. Set to `true` by default in `production.rb` and `development.rb`. +* `config.assets.digest` enables the use of MD5 fingerprints in asset names. Set to `true` by default. * `config.assets.debug` disables the concatenation and compression of assets. Set to `true` by default in `development.rb`. @@ -569,7 +583,7 @@ There are a few configuration options available in Active Support: `config.active_job` provides the following configuration options: -* `config.active_job.queue_adapter` sets the adapter for the queueing backend. The default adapter is `:inline` which will perform jobs immediately. For an up-to-date list of built-in adapters see the [ActiveJob::QueueAdapters API documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html). +* `config.active_job.queue_adapter` sets the adapter for the queueing backend. The default adapter is `:async`. For an up-to-date list of built-in adapters see the [ActiveJob::QueueAdapters API documentation](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveJob/QueueAdapters.html). ```ruby # Be sure to have the adapter's gem in your Gemfile diff --git a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md index 0f98d12217..12d0280116 100644 --- a/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md +++ b/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.md @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ Finally, $ bundle exec rake test ``` -will now run the four of them in turn. +will now run the three of them in turn. You can also run any single test separately: diff --git a/guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md b/guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md index 7beb8f72a9..cc24e6f666 100644 --- a/guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md +++ b/guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ Ruby on Rails uses Git for source code control. The [Git homepage](http://git-sc * [Try Git course](http://try.github.io/) is an interactive course that will teach you the basics. * The [official Documentation](http://git-scm.com/documentation) is pretty comprehensive and also contains some videos with the basics of Git. * [Everyday Git](http://schacon.github.io/git/everyday.html) will teach you just enough about Git to get by. -* The [PeepCode screencast](https://peepcode.com/products/git) on Git is easier to follow. * [GitHub](http://help.github.com) offers links to a variety of Git resources. * [Pro Git](http://git-scm.com/book) is an entire book about Git with a Creative Commons license. diff --git a/guides/source/documents.yaml b/guides/source/documents.yaml index 2cf613f47f..03943d0f25 100644 --- a/guides/source/documents.yaml +++ b/guides/source/documents.yaml @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ name: The Rails Initialization Process work_in_progress: true url: initialization.html - description: This guide explains the internals of the Rails initialization process as of Rails 4. + description: This guide explains the internals of the Rails initialization process. - name: Autoloading and Reloading Constants url: autoloading_and_reloading_constants.html diff --git a/guides/source/getting_started.md b/guides/source/getting_started.md index 4431512eda..a615751eb5 100644 --- a/guides/source/getting_started.md +++ b/guides/source/getting_started.md @@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ class CreateArticles < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] t.string :title t.text :text - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end @@ -1558,9 +1558,9 @@ class CreateComments < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] create_table :comments do |t| t.string :commenter t.text :body - t.references :article, index: true, foreign_key: true + t.references :article, foreign_key: true - t.timestamps null: false + t.timestamps end end end diff --git a/guides/source/i18n.md b/guides/source/i18n.md index 56b0c6c812..0edfa072f8 100644 --- a/guides/source/i18n.md +++ b/guides/source/i18n.md @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ Conclusion At this point you should have a good overview about how I18n support in Ruby on Rails works and are ready to start translating your project. -If you find anything missing or wrong in this guide, please file a ticket on our [issue tracker](http://i18n.lighthouseapp.com/projects/14948-rails-i18n/overview). If you want to discuss certain portions or have questions, please sign up to our [mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n). +If you want to discuss certain portions or have questions, please sign up to the [rails-i18n mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n). Contributing to Rails I18n @@ -1130,10 +1130,8 @@ Resources --------- * [Google group: rails-i18n](http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n) - The project's mailing list. -* [GitHub: rails-i18n](https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master) - Code repository for the rails-i18n project. Most importantly you can find lots of [example translations](https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale) for Rails that should work for your application in most cases. -* [GitHub: i18n](https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/tree/master) - Code repository for the i18n gem. -* [Lighthouse: rails-i18n](http://i18n.lighthouseapp.com/projects/14948-rails-i18n/overview) - Issue tracker for the rails-i18n project. -* [Lighthouse: i18n](http://i18n.lighthouseapp.com/projects/14947-ruby-i18n/overview) - Issue tracker for the i18n gem. +* [GitHub: rails-i18n](https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n) - Code repository and issue tracker for the rails-i18n project. Most importantly you can find lots of [example translations](https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/tree/master/rails/locale) for Rails that should work for your application in most cases. +* [GitHub: i18n](https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n) - Code repository and issue tracker for the i18n gem. Authors diff --git a/guides/source/initialization.md b/guides/source/initialization.md index b40302bf90..89e5346d86 100644 --- a/guides/source/initialization.md +++ b/guides/source/initialization.md @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ The Rails Initialization Process ================================ -This guide explains the internals of the initialization process in Rails -as of Rails 4. It is an extremely in-depth guide and recommended for advanced Rails developers. +This guide explains the internals of the initialization process in Rails. +It is an extremely in-depth guide and recommended for advanced Rails developers. After reading this guide, you will know: diff --git a/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md b/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md index 614ca4dbe1..2722789c49 100644 --- a/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md +++ b/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md @@ -149,23 +149,22 @@ render template: "products/show" #### Rendering an Arbitrary File -The `render` method can also use a view that's entirely outside of your application (perhaps you're sharing views between two Rails applications): - -```ruby -render "/u/apps/warehouse_app/current/app/views/products/show" -``` - -Rails determines that this is a file render because of the leading slash character. To be explicit, you can use the `:file` option (which was required on Rails 2.2 and earlier): +The `render` method can also use a view that's entirely outside of your application: ```ruby render file: "/u/apps/warehouse_app/current/app/views/products/show" ``` -The `:file` option takes an absolute file-system path. Of course, you need to have rights to the view that you're using to render the content. +The `:file` option takes an absolute file-system path. Of course, you need to have rights +to the view that you're using to render the content. + +NOTE: Using the `:file` option in combination with users input can lead to security problems +since an attacker could use this action to access security sensitive files in your file system. NOTE: By default, the file is rendered using the current layout. -TIP: If you're running Rails on Microsoft Windows, you should use the `:file` option to render a file, because Windows filenames do not have the same format as Unix filenames. +TIP: If you're running Rails on Microsoft Windows, you should use the `:file` option to +render a file, because Windows filenames do not have the same format as Unix filenames. #### Wrapping it up @@ -238,7 +237,7 @@ TIP: This is useful when you're rendering a small snippet of HTML code. However, you might want to consider moving it to a template file if the markup is complex. -NOTE: When using `html:` option, HTML entities will be escaped if the string is not marked as HTML safe by using `html_safe` method. +NOTE: When using `html:` option, HTML entities will be escaped if the string is not marked as HTML safe by using `html_safe` method. #### Rendering JSON diff --git a/guides/source/routing.md b/guides/source/routing.md index bd3e236a2b..81321c7405 100644 --- a/guides/source/routing.md +++ b/guides/source/routing.md @@ -812,10 +812,10 @@ In all of these cases, if you don't provide the leading host (`http://www.exampl Instead of a String like `'articles#index'`, which corresponds to the `index` action in the `ArticlesController`, you can specify any [Rack application](rails_on_rack.html) as the endpoint for a matcher: ```ruby -match '/application.js', to: Sprockets, via: :all +match '/application.js', to: MyRackApp, via: :all ``` -As long as `Sprockets` responds to `call` and returns a `[status, headers, body]`, the router won't know the difference between the Rack application and an action. This is an appropriate use of `via: :all`, as you will want to allow your Rack application to handle all verbs as it considers appropriate. +As long as `MyRackApp` responds to `call` and returns a `[status, headers, body]`, the router won't know the difference between the Rack application and an action. This is an appropriate use of `via: :all`, as you will want to allow your Rack application to handle all verbs as it considers appropriate. NOTE: For the curious, `'articles#index'` actually expands out to `ArticlesController.action(:index)`, which returns a valid Rack application. diff --git a/guides/source/security.md b/guides/source/security.md index f4a9f64669..4883c1abe7 100644 --- a/guides/source/security.md +++ b/guides/source/security.md @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ The most effective countermeasure is to _issue a new session identifier_ and dec reset_session ``` -If you use the popular RestfulAuthentication plugin for user management, add reset_session to the SessionsController#create action. Note that this removes any value from the session, _you have to transfer them to the new session_. +If you use the popular [Devise](https://rubygems.org/gems/devise) gem for user management, it will automatically expire sessions on sign in and sign out for you. If you roll your own, remember to expire the session after your sign in action (when the session is created). This will remove values from the session, therefore _you will have to transfer them to the new session_. Another countermeasure is to _save user-specific properties in the session_, verify them every time a request comes in, and deny access, if the information does not match. Such properties could be the remote IP address or the user agent (the web browser name), though the latter is less user-specific. When saving the IP address, you have to bear in mind that there are Internet service providers or large organizations that put their users behind proxies. _These might change over the course of a session_, so these users will not be able to use your application, or only in a limited way. diff --git a/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md b/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md index d5576be6f2..0c1e00100b 100644 --- a/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md +++ b/guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md @@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ secrets, you need to: 3. Remove the `secret_token.rb` initializer. -4. Use `rails secret` to generate new keys for the `development` and `test` sections. +4. Use `rake secret` to generate new keys for the `development` and `test` sections. 5. Restart your server. |