diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'guides')
22 files changed, 117 insertions, 52 deletions
diff --git a/guides/CHANGELOG.md b/guides/CHANGELOG.md index 38e407b198..4cfc5b1f10 100644 --- a/guides/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/guides/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +* Fixed missing line and shadow on service pages(404, 422, 500). + + *Dmitry Korotkov* + * Removed repetitive th tags. Instead of them added one th tag with a colspan attribute. *Sıtkı Bağdat* diff --git a/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb b/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb index 693bc320b3..89ac28671a 100644 --- a/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb +++ b/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_gem.rb @@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class TestApp < Rails::Application end class TestController < ActionController::Base + include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers + def index render text: 'Home' end diff --git a/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb b/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb index 5d88749118..d44fd9196a 100644 --- a/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb +++ b/guides/bug_report_templates/action_controller_master.rb @@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ class TestApp < Rails::Application end class TestController < ActionController::Base + include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers + def index render text: 'Home' end diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html index 3d287b135d..3265cc8e33 100644 --- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html +++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/404.html @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ border-top-right-radius: 9px; background-color: white; padding: 7px 4em 0 4em; + box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17); } h1 { @@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px solid #CCC; border-right-color: #999; + border-left-color: #999; border-bottom-color: #999; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html index 3b946bf4a4..d823a8fc77 100644 --- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html +++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/422.html @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ border-top-right-radius: 9px; background-color: white; padding: 7px 4em 0 4em; + box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17); } h1 { @@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px solid #CCC; border-right-color: #999; + border-left-color: #999; border-bottom-color: #999; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; diff --git a/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html b/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html index ccc4ad5656..ebf6d4c00c 100644 --- a/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html +++ b/guides/code/getting_started/public/500.html @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ border-top-right-radius: 9px; background-color: white; padding: 7px 4em 0 4em; + box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.17); } h1 { @@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px solid #CCC; border-right-color: #999; + border-left-color: #999; border-bottom-color: #999; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; diff --git a/guides/source/2_3_release_notes.md b/guides/source/2_3_release_notes.md index c2002fb8fa..8c633fa169 100644 --- a/guides/source/2_3_release_notes.md +++ b/guides/source/2_3_release_notes.md @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ Deprecated A few pieces of older code are deprecated in this release: * If you're one of the (fairly rare) Rails developers who deploys in a fashion that depends on the inspector, reaper, and spawner scripts, you'll need to know that those scripts are no longer included in core Rails. If you need them, you'll be able to pick up copies via the [irs_process_scripts](http://github.com/rails/irs_process_scripts/tree) plugin. -* `render_component` goes from "deprecated" to "nonexistent" in Rails 2.3. If you still need it, you can install the [render_component plugin](http://github.com/rails/render_component/tree/master.) +* `render_component` goes from "deprecated" to "nonexistent" in Rails 2.3. If you still need it, you can install the [render_component plugin](http://github.com/rails/render_component/tree/master). * Support for Rails components has been removed. * If you were one of the people who got used to running `script/performance/request` to look at performance based on integration tests, you need to learn a new trick: that script has been removed from core Rails now. There's a new request_profiler plugin that you can install to get the exact same functionality back. * `ActionController::Base#session_enabled?` is deprecated because sessions are lazy-loaded now. diff --git a/guides/source/3_2_release_notes.md b/guides/source/3_2_release_notes.md index babdc5050e..a9484cf97a 100644 --- a/guides/source/3_2_release_notes.md +++ b/guides/source/3_2_release_notes.md @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Active Record * Support index sort order in SQLite, MySQL and PostgreSQL adapters. -* Allow the `:class_name` option for associations to take a symbol in addition to a string. This is to avoid confusing newbies, and to be consistent with the fact that other options like :foreign_key already allow a symbol or a string. +* Allow the `:class_name` option for associations to take a symbol in addition to a string. This is to avoid confusing newbies, and to be consistent with the fact that other options like `:foreign_key` already allow a symbol or a string. ```ruby has_many :clients, :class_name => :Client # Note that the symbol need to be capitalized diff --git a/guides/source/4_0_release_notes.md b/guides/source/4_0_release_notes.md index c4ca1e921f..3790beccdf 100644 --- a/guides/source/4_0_release_notes.md +++ b/guides/source/4_0_release_notes.md @@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ Please refer to the [Changelog](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-0-stable/a ### Notable changes -* Replace deprecated `memcache-client` gem with `dalli` in ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore. +* Replace deprecated `memcache-client` gem with `dalli` in `ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore`. -* Optimize ActiveSupport::Cache::Entry to reduce memory and processing overhead. +* Optimize `ActiveSupport::Cache::Entry` to reduce memory and processing overhead. * Inflections can now be defined per locale. `singularize` and `pluralize` accept locale as an extra argument. diff --git a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md index cd4a1a0792..0c06e36de9 100644 --- a/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md +++ b/guides/source/action_controller_overview.md @@ -328,9 +328,7 @@ the job done: ```ruby def product_params - params.require(:product).permit(:name).tap do |whitelisted| - whitelisted[:data] = params[:product][:data] - end + params.require(:product).permit(:name, data: params[:product][:data].try(:keys)) end ``` diff --git a/guides/source/active_record_callbacks.md b/guides/source/active_record_callbacks.md index 5cc6ca5798..ac5e8ffc0c 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_record_callbacks.md +++ b/guides/source/active_record_callbacks.md @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ Here's an example where we create a class with an `after_destroy` callback for a ```ruby class PictureFileCallbacks def after_destroy(picture_file) - if File.exists?(picture_file.filepath) + if File.exist?(picture_file.filepath) File.delete(picture_file.filepath) end end @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ Note that we needed to instantiate a new `PictureFileCallbacks` object, since we ```ruby class PictureFileCallbacks def self.after_destroy(picture_file) - if File.exists?(picture_file.filepath) + if File.exist?(picture_file.filepath) File.delete(picture_file.filepath) end end diff --git a/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md b/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md index 0370e40012..84a169b3b9 100644 --- a/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md +++ b/guides/source/active_support_core_extensions.md @@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ For every single method defined as a core extension this guide has a note that s NOTE: Defined in `active_support/core_ext/object/blank.rb`. -That means that this single call is enough: +That means that you can require it like this: ```ruby +require 'active_support' require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank' ``` @@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ The next level is to simply load all extensions to `Object`. As a rule of thumb, Thus, to load all extensions to `Object` (including `blank?`): ```ruby +require 'active_support' require 'active_support/core_ext/object' ``` @@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ require 'active_support/core_ext/object' You may prefer just to load all core extensions, there is a file for that: ```ruby +require 'active_support' require 'active_support/core_ext' ``` @@ -1090,6 +1093,15 @@ end we can access `field_error_proc` in views. +Also, you can pass a block to `cattr_*` to set up the attribute with a default value: + +```ruby +class MysqlAdapter < AbstractAdapter + # Generates class methods to access @@emulate_booleans with default value of true. + cattr_accessor(:emulate_booleans) { true } +end +``` + The generation of the reader instance method can be prevented by setting `:instance_reader` to `false` and the generation of the writer instance method can be prevented by setting `:instance_writer` to `false`. Generation of both methods can be prevented by setting `:instance_accessor` to `false`. In all cases, the value must be exactly `false` and not any false value. ```ruby @@ -1772,6 +1784,12 @@ The method `humanize` gives you a sensible name for display out of an attribute "comments_count".humanize # => "Comments count" ``` +The capitalization of the first word can be turned off by setting the optional parameter `capitalize` to false: + +```ruby +"author_id".humanize(capitalize: false) # => "author" +``` + The helper method `full_messages` uses `humanize` as a fallback to include attribute names: ```ruby diff --git a/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md b/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md index e9d3712a2a..39448e92d5 100644 --- a/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md +++ b/guides/source/asset_pipeline.md @@ -151,8 +151,7 @@ environments. You can enable or disable it in your configuration through the More reading: * [Optimize caching](http://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/docs/caching.html) -* [Revving Filenames: don't use -* querystring](http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/) +* [Revving Filenames: don't use querystring](http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/) How to Use the Asset Pipeline diff --git a/guides/source/command_line.md b/guides/source/command_line.md index 1b0b93c3bc..3b80faec7f 100644 --- a/guides/source/command_line.md +++ b/guides/source/command_line.md @@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ Rails will set you up with what seems like a huge amount of stuff for such a tin The `rails server` command launches a small web server named WEBrick which comes bundled with Ruby. You'll use this any time you want to access your application through a web browser. -INFO: WEBrick isn't your only option for serving Rails. We'll get to that [later](#server-with-different-backends). - With no further work, `rails server` will run our new shiny Rails app: ```bash diff --git a/guides/source/engines.md b/guides/source/engines.md index c71b728ef7..af48768fe9 100644 --- a/guides/source/engines.md +++ b/guides/source/engines.md @@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ end When Rails looks for a view to render, it will first look in the `app/views` directory of the application. If it cannot find the view there, then it will check in the `app/views` directories of all engines which have this directory. -In the `blorgh` engine, there is a currently a file at `app/views/blorgh/posts/index.html.erb`. When the engine is asked to render the view for `Blorgh::PostsController`'s `index` action, it will first see if it can find it at `app/views/blorgh/posts/index.html.erb` within the application and then if it cannot it will look inside the engine. +When the application is asked to render the view for `Blorgh::PostsController`'s index action, it will look the path `app/views/blorgh/posts/index.html.erb`, first within the application. If it cannot find it, it will look inside the engine. You can override this view in the application by simply creating a new file at `app/views/blorgh/posts/index.html.erb`. Then you can completely change what this view would normally output. diff --git a/guides/source/i18n.md b/guides/source/i18n.md index b5c1dc90fa..6b36f67874 100644 --- a/guides/source/i18n.md +++ b/guides/source/i18n.md @@ -492,12 +492,14 @@ Overview of the I18n API Features You should have good understanding of using the i18n library now, knowing all necessary aspects of internationalizing a basic Rails application. In the following chapters, we'll cover it's features in more depth. +These chapters will show examples using both the `I18n.translate` method as well as the [`translate` view helper method](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/TranslationHelper.html#method-i-translate) (noting the additional feature provide by the view helper method). + Covered are features like these: * looking up translations * interpolating data into translations * pluralizing translations -* using safe HTML translations +* using safe HTML translations (view helper method only) * localizing dates, numbers, currency, etc. ### Looking up Translations @@ -585,6 +587,8 @@ you can look up the `books.index.title` value **inside** `app/views/books/index. <%= t '.title' %> ``` +NOTE: Automatic translation scoping by partial is only available from the `translate` view helper method. + ### Interpolation In many cases you want to abstract your translations so that **variables can be interpolated into the translation**. For this reason the I18n API provides an interpolation feature. @@ -673,6 +677,8 @@ en: <div><%= t('title.html') %></div> ``` +NOTE: Automatic conversion to HTML safe translate text is only available from the `translate` view helper method. +  How to Store your Custom Translations diff --git a/guides/source/initialization.md b/guides/source/initialization.md index fe6b1ad906..33eb74dcd9 100644 --- a/guides/source/initialization.md +++ b/guides/source/initialization.md @@ -29,9 +29,42 @@ quickly. Launch! ------- -Let's start to boot and initialize the app. It all begins with your app's -`bin/rails` executable. A Rails application is usually started by running -`rails console` or `rails server`. +Let's start to boot and initialize the app. A Rails application is usually +started by running `rails console` or `rails server`. + +### `railties/bin/rails` + +The `rails` in the command `rails server` is a ruby executable in your load +path. This executable contains the following lines: + +```ruby +version = ">= 0" +load Gem.bin_path('railties', 'rails', version) +``` + +If you try out this command in a Rails console, you would see that this loads +`railties/bin/rails`. A part of the file `railties/bin/rails.rb` has the +following code: + +```ruby +require "rails/cli" +``` + +The file `railties/lib/rails/cli` in turn calls +`Rails::AppRailsLoader.exec_app_rails`. + +### `railties/lib/rails/app_rails_loader.rb` + +The primary goal of the function `exec_app_rails` is to execute your app's +`bin/rails`. If the current directory does not have a `bin/rails`, it will +navigate upwards until it finds a `bin/rails` executable. Thus one can invoke a +`rails` command from anywhere inside a rails application. + +For `rails server` the equivalent of the following command is executed: + +```bash +$ exec ruby bin/rails server +``` ### `bin/rails` @@ -54,7 +87,7 @@ The `APP_PATH` constant will be used later in `rails/commands`. The `config/boot # Set up gems listed in the Gemfile. ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] ||= File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__) -require 'bundler/setup' if File.exists?(ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE']) +require 'bundler/setup' if File.exist?(ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE']) ``` In a standard Rails application, there's a `Gemfile` which declares all @@ -121,7 +154,7 @@ when 'server' # Change to the application's path if there is no config.ru file in current directory. # This allows us to run `rails server` from other directories, but still get # the main config.ru and properly set the tmp directory. - Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('../../', APP_PATH)) unless File.exists?(File.expand_path("config.ru")) + Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('../../', APP_PATH)) unless File.exist?(File.expand_path("config.ru")) require 'rails/commands/server' Rails::Server.new.tap do |server| diff --git a/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md b/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md index b5d66d08ba..c6a3449ace 100644 --- a/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md +++ b/guides/source/layouts_and_rendering.md @@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ X-Runtime: 0.014297 Set-Cookie: _blog_session=...snip...; path=/; HttpOnly Cache-Control: no-cache - - $ +$ ``` We see there is an empty response (no data after the `Cache-Control` line), but the request was successful because Rails has set the response to 200 OK. You can set the `:status` option on render to change this response. Rendering nothing can be useful for Ajax requests where all you want to send back to the browser is an acknowledgment that the request was completed. @@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ If you want to render the view that corresponds to a different template within t ```ruby def update @book = Book.find(params[:id]) - if @book.update(params[:book]) + if @book.update(book_params) redirect_to(@book) else render "edit" @@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ If you prefer, you can use a symbol instead of a string to specify the action to ```ruby def update @book = Book.find(params[:id]) - if @book.update(params[:book]) + if @book.update(book_params) redirect_to(@book) else render :edit diff --git a/guides/source/migrations.md b/guides/source/migrations.md index b7283d16cc..71a177bca7 100644 --- a/guides/source/migrations.md +++ b/guides/source/migrations.md @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ If the helpers provided by Active Record aren't enough you can use the `execute` method to execute arbitrary SQL: ```ruby -Products.connection.execute('UPDATE `products` SET `price`=`free` WHERE 1') +Product.connection.execute('UPDATE `products` SET `price`=`free` WHERE 1') ``` For more details and examples of individual methods, check the API documentation. diff --git a/guides/source/rails_on_rack.md b/guides/source/rails_on_rack.md index d53e0cd2bd..7ef54a45bc 100644 --- a/guides/source/rails_on_rack.md +++ b/guides/source/rails_on_rack.md @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ To use `rackup` instead of Rails' `rails server`, you can put the following insi # Rails.root/config.ru require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__) -use Rack::Debugger +use Rails::Rack::Debugger use Rack::ContentLength run Rails.application ``` @@ -225,95 +225,95 @@ config.middleware.delete "Rack::MethodOverride" Much of Action Controller's functionality is implemented as Middlewares. The following list explains the purpose of each of them: - **`Rack::Sendfile`** +**`Rack::Sendfile`** * Sets server specific X-Sendfile header. Configure this via `config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header` option. - **`ActionDispatch::Static`** +**`ActionDispatch::Static`** * Used to serve static assets. Disabled if `config.serve_static_assets` is `false`. - **`Rack::Lock`** +**`Rack::Lock`** * Sets `env["rack.multithread"]` flag to `false` and wraps the application within a Mutex. - **`ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache::Middleware`** +**`ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache::Middleware`** * Used for memory caching. This cache is not thread safe. - **`Rack::Runtime`** +**`Rack::Runtime`** * Sets an X-Runtime header, containing the time (in seconds) taken to execute the request. - **`Rack::MethodOverride`** +**`Rack::MethodOverride`** * Allows the method to be overridden if `params[:_method]` is set. This is the middleware which supports the PUT and DELETE HTTP method types. - **`ActionDispatch::RequestId`** +**`ActionDispatch::RequestId`** * Makes a unique `X-Request-Id` header available to the response and enables the `ActionDispatch::Request#uuid` method. - **`Rails::Rack::Logger`** +**`Rails::Rack::Logger`** * Notifies the logs that the request has began. After request is complete, flushes all the logs. - **`ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions`** +**`ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions`** * Rescues any exception returned by the application and calls an exceptions app that will wrap it in a format for the end user. - **`ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions`** +**`ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions`** * Responsible for logging exceptions and showing a debugging page in case the request is local. - **`ActionDispatch::RemoteIp`** +**`ActionDispatch::RemoteIp`** * Checks for IP spoofing attacks. - **`ActionDispatch::Reloader`** +**`ActionDispatch::Reloader`** * Provides prepare and cleanup callbacks, intended to assist with code reloading during development. - **`ActionDispatch::Callbacks`** +**`ActionDispatch::Callbacks`** * Runs the prepare callbacks before serving the request. - **`ActiveRecord::Migration::CheckPending`** +**`ActiveRecord::Migration::CheckPending`** * Checks pending migrations and raises `ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError` if any migrations are pending. - **`ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement`** +**`ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement`** * Cleans active connections after each request, unless the `rack.test` key in the request environment is set to `true`. - **`ActiveRecord::QueryCache`** +**`ActiveRecord::QueryCache`** * Enables the Active Record query cache. - **`ActionDispatch::Cookies`** +**`ActionDispatch::Cookies`** * Sets cookies for the request. - **`ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore`** +**`ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore`** * Responsible for storing the session in cookies. - **`ActionDispatch::Flash`** +**`ActionDispatch::Flash`** * Sets up the flash keys. Only available if `config.action_controller.session_store` is set to a value. - **`ActionDispatch::ParamsParser`** +**`ActionDispatch::ParamsParser`** * Parses out parameters from the request into `params`. - **`ActionDispatch::Head`** +**`ActionDispatch::Head`** * Converts HEAD requests to `GET` requests and serves them as so. - **`Rack::ConditionalGet`** +**`Rack::ConditionalGet`** * Adds support for "Conditional `GET`" so that server responds with nothing if page wasn't changed. - **`Rack::ETag`** +**`Rack::ETag`** * Adds ETag header on all String bodies. ETags are used to validate cache. diff --git a/guides/source/security.md b/guides/source/security.md index d7a41497f8..595cf7c62c 100644 --- a/guides/source/security.md +++ b/guides/source/security.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ After reading this guide, you will know: Introduction ------------ -Web application frameworks are made to help developers building web applications. Some of them also help you with securing the web application. In fact one framework is not more secure than another: If you use it correctly, you will be able to build secure apps with many frameworks. Ruby on Rails has some clever helper methods, for example against SQL injection, so that this is hardly a problem. It's nice to see that all of the Rails applications I audited had a good level of security. +Web application frameworks are made to help developers build web applications. Some of them also help you with securing the web application. In fact one framework is not more secure than another: If you use it correctly, you will be able to build secure apps with many frameworks. Ruby on Rails has some clever helper methods, for example against SQL injection, so that this is hardly a problem. It's nice to see that all of the Rails applications I audited had a good level of security. In general there is no such thing as plug-n-play security. Security depends on the people using the framework, and sometimes on the development method. And it depends on all layers of a web application environment: The back-end storage, the web server and the web application itself (and possibly other layers or applications). diff --git a/guides/source/testing.md b/guides/source/testing.md index cf01650b2a..2fd0ed209d 100644 --- a/guides/source/testing.md +++ b/guides/source/testing.md @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ You don't need to set up and run your tests by hand on a test-by-test basis. Rai | Tasks | Description | | ----------------------- | ----------- | -| `rake test` | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rake test` as Rails will run all the tests by default| +| `rake test` | Runs all unit, functional and integration tests. You can also simply run `rake` as Rails will run all the tests by default| | `rake test:controllers` | Runs all the controller tests from `test/controllers`| | `rake test:functionals` | Runs all the functional tests from `test/controllers`, `test/mailers`, and `test/functional`| | `rake test:helpers` | Runs all the helper tests from `test/helpers`| |