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Diffstat (limited to 'guides/source/configuring.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | guides/source/configuring.md | 155 |
1 files changed, 148 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/guides/source/configuring.md b/guides/source/configuring.md index f6ad6d8f6b..d3bd5c1c18 100644 --- a/guides/source/configuring.md +++ b/guides/source/configuring.md @@ -290,6 +290,14 @@ All these configuration options are delegated to the `I18n` library. * `config.active_record.attribute_types_cached_by_default` sets the attribute types that `ActiveRecord::AttributeMethods` will cache by default on reads. The default is `[:datetime, :timestamp, :time, :date]`. +* `config.active_record.maintain_test_schema` is a boolean value which controls whether Active Record should try to keep your test database schema up-to-date with `db/schema.rb` (or `db/structure.sql`) when you run your tests. The default is true. + +* `config.active_record.dump_schema_after_migration` is a flag which + controls whether or not schema dump should happen (`db/schema.rb` or + `db/structure.sql`) when you run migrations. This is set to false in + `config/environments/production.rb` which is generated by Rails. The + default value is true if this configuration is not set. + The MySQL adapter adds one additional configuration option: * `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::MysqlAdapter.emulate_booleans` controls whether Active Record will consider all `tinyint(1)` columns in a MySQL database to be booleans and is true by default. @@ -350,6 +358,10 @@ value. Defaults to `'encrypted cookie'`. * `config.action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt` sets the signed encrypted cookies salt value. Defaults to `'signed encrypted cookie'`. +* `config.action_dispatch.perform_deep_munge` configures whether `deep_munge` + method should be performed on the parameters. See [Security Guide](security.html#unsafe-query-generation) + for more information. It defaults to true. + * `ActionDispatch::Callbacks.before` takes a block of code to run before the request. * `ActionDispatch::Callbacks.to_prepare` takes a block to run after `ActionDispatch::Callbacks.before`, but before the request. Runs for every request in `development` mode, but only once for `production` or environments with `cache_classes` set to `true`. @@ -372,7 +384,7 @@ encrypted cookies salt value. Defaults to `'signed encrypted cookie'`. * `config.action_view.logger` accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action View. Set to `nil` to disable logging. -* `config.action_view.erb_trim_mode` gives the trim mode to be used by ERB. It defaults to `'-'`. See the [ERB documentation](http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/erb/rdoc/) for more information. +* `config.action_view.erb_trim_mode` gives the trim mode to be used by ERB. It defaults to `'-'`, which turns on trimming of tail spaces and newline when using `<%= -%>` or `<%= =%>`. See the [Erubis documentation](http://www.kuwata-lab.com/erubis/users-guide.06.html#topics-trimspaces) for more information. * `config.action_view.embed_authenticity_token_in_remote_forms` allows you to set the default behavior for `authenticity_token` in forms with `:remote => true`. By default it's set to false, which means that remote forms will not include `authenticity_token`, which is helpful when you're fragment-caching the form. Remote forms get the authenticity from the `meta` tag, so embedding is unnecessary unless you support browsers without JavaScript. In such case you can either pass `:authenticity_token => true` as a form option or set this config setting to `true` @@ -384,6 +396,8 @@ encrypted cookies salt value. Defaults to `'signed encrypted cookie'`. The default setting is `true`, which uses the partial at `/admin/posts/_post.erb`. Setting the value to `false` would render `/posts/_post.erb`, which is the same behavior as rendering from a non-namespaced controller such as `PostsController`. +* `config.action_view.raise_on_missing_translations` determines whether an error should be raised for missing translations + ### Configuring Action Mailer There are a number of settings available on `config.action_mailer`: @@ -404,17 +418,25 @@ There are a number of settings available on `config.action_mailer`: * `config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors` specifies whether to raise an error if email delivery cannot be completed. It defaults to true. -* `config.action_mailer.delivery_method` defines the delivery method. The allowed values are `:smtp` (default), `:sendmail`, and `:test`. +* `config.action_mailer.delivery_method` defines the delivery method and defaults to `:smtp`. See the [configuration section in the Action Mailer guide](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html#action-mailer-configuration) for more info. * `config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries` specifies whether mail will actually be delivered and is true by default. It can be convenient to set it to false for testing. * `config.action_mailer.default_options` configures Action Mailer defaults. Use to set options like `from` or `reply_to` for every mailer. These default to: ```ruby - :mime_version => "1.0", - :charset => "UTF-8", - :content_type => "text/plain", - :parts_order => [ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html" ] + mime_version: "1.0", + charset: "UTF-8", + content_type: "text/plain", + parts_order: ["text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html"] + ``` + + Assign a hash to set additional options: + + ```ruby + config.action_mailer.default_options = { + from: "noreply@example.com" + } ``` * `config.action_mailer.observers` registers observers which will be notified when mail is delivered. @@ -439,6 +461,8 @@ There are a few configuration options available in Active Support: * `config.active_support.use_standard_json_time_format` enables or disables serializing dates to ISO 8601 format. Defaults to `true`. +* `config.active_support.time_precision` sets the precision of JSON encoded time values. Defaults to `3`. + * `ActiveSupport::Logger.silencer` is set to `false` to disable the ability to silence logging in a block. The default is `true`. * `ActiveSupport::Cache::Store.logger` specifies the logger to use within cache store operations. @@ -452,14 +476,131 @@ There are a few configuration options available in Active Support: ### Configuring a Database -Just about every Rails application will interact with a database. The database to use is specified in a configuration file called `config/database.yml`. If you open this file in a new Rails application, you'll see a default database configured to use SQLite3. The file contains sections for three different environments in which Rails can run by default: +Just about every Rails application will interact with a database. You can connect to the database by setting an environment variable `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` or by using a configuration file called `config/database.yml`. + +Using the `config/database.yml` file you can specify all the information needed to access your database: + +```yaml +development: + adapter: postgresql + database: blog_development + pool: 5 +``` + +This will connect to the database named `blog_development` using the `postgresql` adapter. This same information can be stored in a URL and provided via an environment variable like this: + +```ruby +> puts ENV['DATABASE_URL'] +postgresql://localhost/blog_development?pool=5 +``` + +The `config/database.yml` file contains sections for three different environments in which Rails can run by default: * The `development` environment is used on your development/local computer as you interact manually with the application. * The `test` environment is used when running automated tests. * The `production` environment is used when you deploy your application for the world to use. +If you wish, you can manually specify a URL inside of your `config/database.yml` + +``` +development: + url: postgresql://localhost/blog_development?pool=5 +``` + +The `config/database.yml` file can contain ERB tags `<%= %>`. Anything in the tags will be evaluated as Ruby code. You can use this to pull out data from an environment variable or to perform calculations to generate the needed connection information. + + TIP: You don't have to update the database configurations manually. If you look at the options of the application generator, you will see that one of the options is named `--database`. This option allows you to choose an adapter from a list of the most used relational databases. You can even run the generator repeatedly: `cd .. && rails new blog --database=mysql`. When you confirm the overwriting of the `config/database.yml` file, your application will be configured for MySQL instead of SQLite. Detailed examples of the common database connections are below. + +### Connection Preference + +Since there are two ways to set your connection, via environment variable it is important to understand how the two can interact. + +If you have an empty `config/database.yml` file but your `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` is present, then Rails will connect to the database via your environment variable: + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml + +$ echo $DATABASE_URL +postgresql://localhost/my_database +``` + +If you have a `config/database.yml` but no `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` then this file will be used to connect to your database: + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml +development: + adapter: postgresql + database: my_database + host: localhost + +$ echo $DATABASE_URL +``` + +If you have both `config/database.yml` and `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` set then Rails will merge the configuration together. To better understand this we must see some examples. + +When duplicate connection information is provided the environment variable will take precedence: + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml +development: + adapter: sqlite3 + database: NOT_my_database + host: localhost + +$ echo $DATABASE_URL +postgresql://localhost/my_database + +$ rails runner 'puts ActiveRecord::Base.connections' +{"development"=>{"adapter"=>"postgresql", "host"=>"localhost", "database"=>"my_database"}} +``` + +Here the adapter, host, and database match the information in `ENV['DATABASE_URL']`. + +If non-duplicate information is provided you will get all unique values, environment variable still takes precedence in cases of any conflicts. + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml +development: + adapter: sqlite3 + pool: 5 + +$ echo $DATABASE_URL +postgresql://localhost/my_database + +$ rails runner 'puts ActiveRecord::Base.connections' +{"development"=>{"adapter"=>"postgresql", "host"=>"localhost", "database"=>"my_database", "pool"=>5}} +``` + +Since pool is not in the `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` provided connection information its information is merged in. Since `adapter` is duplicate, the `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` connection information wins. + +The only way to explicitly not use the connection information in `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` is to specify an explicit URL connection using the `"url"` sub key: + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml +development: + url: sqlite3://localhost/NOT_my_database + +$ echo $DATABASE_URL +postgresql://localhost/my_database + +$ rails runner 'puts ActiveRecord::Base.connections' +{"development"=>{"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "host"=>"localhost", "database"=>"NOT_my_database"}} +``` + +Here the connection information in `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` is ignored, note the different adapter and database name. + +Since it is possible to embed ERB in your `config/database.yml` it is best practice to explicitly show you are using the `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` to connect to your database. This is especially useful in production since you should not commit secrets like your database password into your source control (such as Git). + +``` +$ cat config/database.yml +production: + url: <%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %> +``` + +Now the behavior is clear, that we are only using the connection information in `ENV['DATABASE_URL']`. + #### Configuring an SQLite3 Database Rails comes with built-in support for [SQLite3](http://www.sqlite.org), which is a lightweight serverless database application. While a busy production environment may overload SQLite, it works well for development and testing. Rails defaults to using an SQLite database when creating a new project, but you can always change it later. |