diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'activerecord/lib/active_record/relation')
21 files changed, 1212 insertions, 613 deletions
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb index b069cdce7c..221bc73680 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches.rb @@ -1,8 +1,10 @@ +require "active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator" + module ActiveRecord module Batches # Looping through a collection of records from the database - # (using the +all+ method, for example) is very inefficient - # since it will try to instantiate all the objects at once. + # (using the Scoping::Named::ClassMethods.all method, for example) + # is very inefficient since it will try to instantiate all the objects at once. # # In that case, batch processing methods allow you to work # with the records in batches, thereby greatly reducing memory consumption. @@ -27,37 +29,46 @@ module ActiveRecord # # ==== Options # * <tt>:batch_size</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Default to 1000. - # * <tt>:start</tt> - Specifies the starting point for the batch processing. + # * <tt>:begin_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value. + # * <tt>:end_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value. # This is especially useful if you want multiple workers dealing with # the same processing queue. You can make worker 1 handle all the records # between id 0 and 10,000 and worker 2 handle from 10,000 and beyond - # (by setting the +:start+ option on that worker). + # (by setting the +:begin_at+ and +:end_at+ option on each worker). # # # Let's process for a batch of 2000 records, skipping the first 2000 rows - # Person.find_each(start: 2000, batch_size: 2000) do |person| + # Person.find_each(begin_at: 2000, batch_size: 2000) do |person| # person.party_all_night! # end # # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering - # work. This also means that this method only works with integer-based - # primary keys. + # work. This also means that this method only works when the primary key is + # orderable (e.g. an integer or string). # # NOTE: You can't set the limit either, that's used to control # the batch sizes. - def find_each(options = {}) + def find_each(begin_at: nil, end_at: nil, batch_size: 1000, start: nil) + if start + begin_at = start + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + Passing `start` value to find_each is deprecated, and will be removed in Rails 5.1. + Please pass `begin_at` instead. + MSG + end if block_given? - find_in_batches(options) do |records| + find_in_batches(begin_at: begin_at, end_at: end_at, batch_size: batch_size) do |records| records.each { |record| yield record } end else - enum_for :find_each, options do - options[:start] ? where(table[primary_key].gteq(options[:start])).size : size + enum_for(:find_each, begin_at: begin_at, end_at: end_at, batch_size: batch_size) do + relation = self + apply_limits(relation, begin_at, end_at).size end end end - # Yields each batch of records that was found by the find +options+ as + # Yields each batch of records that was found by the find options as # an array. # # Person.where("age > 21").find_in_batches do |group| @@ -77,60 +88,149 @@ module ActiveRecord # # ==== Options # * <tt>:batch_size</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Default to 1000. - # * <tt>:start</tt> - Specifies the starting point for the batch processing. + # * <tt>:begin_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value. + # * <tt>:end_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value. # This is especially useful if you want multiple workers dealing with # the same processing queue. You can make worker 1 handle all the records # between id 0 and 10,000 and worker 2 handle from 10,000 and beyond - # (by setting the +:start+ option on that worker). + # (by setting the +:begin_at+ and +:end_at+ option on each worker). # # # Let's process the next 2000 records - # Person.find_in_batches(start: 2000, batch_size: 2000) do |group| + # Person.find_in_batches(begin_at: 2000, batch_size: 2000) do |group| # group.each { |person| person.party_all_night! } # end # # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering - # work. This also means that this method only works with integer-based - # primary keys. + # work. This also means that this method only works when the primary key is + # orderable (e.g. an integer or string). # # NOTE: You can't set the limit either, that's used to control # the batch sizes. - def find_in_batches(options = {}) - options.assert_valid_keys(:start, :batch_size) + def find_in_batches(begin_at: nil, end_at: nil, batch_size: 1000, start: nil) + if start + begin_at = start + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + Passing `start` value to find_in_batches is deprecated, and will be removed in Rails 5.1. + Please pass `begin_at` instead. + MSG + end relation = self - start = options[:start] - batch_size = options[:batch_size] || 1000 - unless block_given? - return to_enum(:find_in_batches, options) do - total = start ? where(table[primary_key].gteq(start)).size : size + return to_enum(:find_in_batches, begin_at: begin_at, end_at: end_at, batch_size: batch_size) do + total = apply_limits(relation, begin_at, end_at).size (total - 1).div(batch_size) + 1 end end + in_batches(of: batch_size, begin_at: begin_at, end_at: end_at, load: true) do |batch| + yield batch.to_a + end + end + + # Yields ActiveRecord::Relation objects to work with a batch of records. + # + # Person.where("age > 21").in_batches do |relation| + # relation.delete_all + # sleep(10) # Throttle the delete queries + # end + # + # If you do not provide a block to #in_batches, it will return a + # BatchEnumerator which is enumerable. + # + # Person.in_batches.with_index do |relation, batch_index| + # puts "Processing relation ##{batch_index}" + # relation.each { |relation| relation.delete_all } + # end + # + # Examples of calling methods on the returned BatchEnumerator object: + # + # Person.in_batches.delete_all + # Person.in_batches.update_all(awesome: true) + # Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!) + # + # ==== Options + # * <tt>:of</tt> - Specifies the size of the batch. Default to 1000. + # * <tt>:load</tt> - Specifies if the relation should be loaded. Default to false. + # * <tt>:begin_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to start from, inclusive of the value. + # * <tt>:end_at</tt> - Specifies the primary key value to end at, inclusive of the value. + # + # This is especially useful if you want to work with the + # ActiveRecord::Relation object instead of the array of records, or if + # you want multiple workers dealing with the same processing queue. You can + # make worker 1 handle all the records between id 0 and 10,000 and worker 2 + # handle from 10,000 and beyond (by setting the +:begin_at+ and +:end_at+ + # option on each worker). + # + # # Let's process the next 2000 records + # Person.in_batches(of: 2000, begin_at: 2000).update_all(awesome: true) + # + # An example of calling where query method on the relation: + # + # Person.in_batches.each do |relation| + # relation.update_all('age = age + 1') + # relation.where('age > 21').update_all(should_party: true) + # relation.where('age <= 21').delete_all + # end + # + # NOTE: If you are going to iterate through each record, you should call + # #each_record on the yielded BatchEnumerator: + # + # Person.in_batches.each_record(&:party_all_night!) + # + # NOTE: It's not possible to set the order. That is automatically set to + # ascending on the primary key ("id ASC") to make the batch ordering + # consistent. Therefore the primary key must be orderable, e.g an integer + # or a string. + # + # NOTE: You can't set the limit either, that's used to control the batch + # sizes. + def in_batches(of: 1000, begin_at: nil, end_at: nil, load: false) + relation = self + unless block_given? + return BatchEnumerator.new(of: of, begin_at: begin_at, end_at: end_at, relation: self) + end + if logger && (arel.orders.present? || arel.taken.present?) logger.warn("Scoped order and limit are ignored, it's forced to be batch order and batch size") end - relation = relation.reorder(batch_order).limit(batch_size) - records = start ? relation.where(table[primary_key].gteq(start)).to_a : relation.to_a + relation = relation.reorder(batch_order).limit(of) + relation = apply_limits(relation, begin_at, end_at) + batch_relation = relation - while records.any? - records_size = records.size - primary_key_offset = records.last.id - raise "Primary key not included in the custom select clause" unless primary_key_offset + loop do + if load + records = batch_relation.to_a + ids = records.map(&:id) + yielded_relation = self.where(primary_key => ids) + yielded_relation.load_records(records) + else + ids = batch_relation.pluck(primary_key) + yielded_relation = self.where(primary_key => ids) + end + + break if ids.empty? - yield records + primary_key_offset = ids.last + raise ArgumentError.new("Primary key not included in the custom select clause") unless primary_key_offset - break if records_size < batch_size + yield yielded_relation - records = relation.where(table[primary_key].gt(primary_key_offset)).to_a + break if ids.length < of + batch_relation = relation.where(table[primary_key].gt(primary_key_offset)) end end private + def apply_limits(relation, begin_at, end_at) + relation = relation.where(table[primary_key].gteq(begin_at)) if begin_at + relation = relation.where(table[primary_key].lteq(end_at)) if end_at + relation + end + def batch_order "#{quoted_table_name}.#{quoted_primary_key} ASC" end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..153aae9584 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/batches/batch_enumerator.rb @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +module ActiveRecord + module Batches + class BatchEnumerator + include Enumerable + + def initialize(of: 1000, begin_at: nil, end_at: nil, relation:) #:nodoc: + @of = of + @relation = relation + @begin_at = begin_at + @end_at = end_at + end + + # Looping through a collection of records from the database (using the + # +all+ method, for example) is very inefficient since it will try to + # instantiate all the objects at once. + # + # In that case, batch processing methods allow you to work with the + # records in batches, thereby greatly reducing memory consumption. + # + # Person.in_batches.each_record do |person| + # person.do_awesome_stuff + # end + # + # Person.where("age > 21").in_batches(of: 10).each_record do |person| + # person.party_all_night! + # end + # + # If you do not provide a block to #each_record, it will return an Enumerator + # for chaining with other methods: + # + # Person.in_batches.each_record.with_index do |person, index| + # person.award_trophy(index + 1) + # end + def each_record + return to_enum(:each_record) unless block_given? + + @relation.to_enum(:in_batches, of: @of, begin_at: @begin_at, end_at: @end_at, load: true).each do |relation| + relation.to_a.each { |record| yield record } + end + end + + # Delegates #delete_all, #update_all, #destroy_all methods to each batch. + # + # People.in_batches.delete_all + # People.in_batches.destroy_all('age < 10') + # People.in_batches.update_all('age = age + 1') + [:delete_all, :update_all, :destroy_all].each do |method| + define_method(method) do |*args, &block| + @relation.to_enum(:in_batches, of: @of, begin_at: @begin_at, end_at: @end_at, load: false).each do |relation| + relation.send(method, *args, &block) + end + end + end + + # Yields an ActiveRecord::Relation object for each batch of records. + # + # Person.in_batches.each do |relation| + # relation.update_all(awesome: true) + # end + def each + enum = @relation.to_enum(:in_batches, of: @of, begin_at: @begin_at, end_at: @end_at, load: false) + return enum.each { |relation| yield relation } if block_given? + enum + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb index 90e99957f6..f45844a9ea 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb @@ -14,121 +14,112 @@ module ActiveRecord # Person.distinct.count(:age) # # => counts the number of different age values # - # If +count+ is used with +group+, it returns a Hash whose keys represent the aggregated column, + # If #count is used with {Relation#group}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#group], + # it returns a Hash whose keys represent the aggregated column, # and the values are the respective amounts: # # Person.group(:city).count # # => { 'Rome' => 5, 'Paris' => 3 } - # - # If +count+ is used with +group+ for multiple columns, it returns a Hash whose - # keys are an array containing the individual values of each column and the value - # of each key would be the +count+. - # + # + # If #count is used with {Relation#group}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#group] for multiple columns, it returns a Hash whose + # keys are an array containing the individual values of each column and the value + # of each key would be the #count. + # # Article.group(:status, :category).count - # # => {["draft", "business"]=>10, ["draft", "technology"]=>4, + # # => {["draft", "business"]=>10, ["draft", "technology"]=>4, # ["published", "business"]=>0, ["published", "technology"]=>2} - # - # If +count+ is used with +select+, it will count the selected columns: + # + # If #count is used with {Relation#select}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#select], it will count the selected columns: # # Person.select(:age).count # # => counts the number of different age values # - # Note: not all valid +select+ expressions are valid +count+ expressions. The specifics differ + # Note: not all valid {Relation#select}[rdoc-ref:QueryMethods#select] expressions are valid #count expressions. The specifics differ # between databases. In invalid cases, an error from the database is thrown. - def count(column_name = nil, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. - column_name, options = nil, column_name if column_name.is_a?(Hash) - calculate(:count, column_name, options) + def count(column_name = nil) + calculate(:count, column_name) end # Calculates the average value on a given column. Returns +nil+ if there's - # no row. See +calculate+ for examples with options. + # no row. See #calculate for examples with options. # # Person.average(:age) # => 35.8 - def average(column_name, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. - calculate(:average, column_name, options) + def average(column_name) + calculate(:average, column_name) end # Calculates the minimum value on a given column. The value is returned # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See - # +calculate+ for examples with options. + # #calculate for examples with options. # # Person.minimum(:age) # => 7 - def minimum(column_name, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. - calculate(:minimum, column_name, options) + def minimum(column_name) + calculate(:minimum, column_name) end # Calculates the maximum value on a given column. The value is returned # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See - # +calculate+ for examples with options. + # #calculate for examples with options. # # Person.maximum(:age) # => 93 - def maximum(column_name, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. - calculate(:maximum, column_name, options) + def maximum(column_name) + calculate(:maximum, column_name) end # Calculates the sum of values on a given column. The value is returned - # with the same data type of the column, 0 if there's no row. See - # +calculate+ for examples with options. + # with the same data type of the column, +0+ if there's no row. See + # #calculate for examples with options. # # Person.sum(:age) # => 4562 - def sum(*args) - calculate(:sum, *args) + def sum(column_name = nil, &block) + return super(&block) if block_given? + calculate(:sum, column_name) end - # This calculates aggregate values in the given column. Methods for count, sum, average, - # minimum, and maximum have been added as shortcuts. + # This calculates aggregate values in the given column. Methods for #count, #sum, #average, + # #minimum, and #maximum have been added as shortcuts. # - # There are two basic forms of output: + # Person.calculate(:count, :all) # The same as Person.count + # Person.average(:age) # SELECT AVG(age) FROM people... # - # * Single aggregate value: The single value is type cast to Fixnum for COUNT, Float - # for AVG, and the given column's type for everything else. + # # Selects the minimum age for any family without any minors + # Person.group(:last_name).having("min(age) > 17").minimum(:age) # - # * Grouped values: This returns an ordered hash of the values and groups them. It - # takes either a column name, or the name of a belongs_to association. + # Person.sum("2 * age") # - # values = Person.group('last_name').maximum(:age) - # puts values["Drake"] - # # => 43 + # There are two basic forms of output: # - # drake = Family.find_by(last_name: 'Drake') - # values = Person.group(:family).maximum(:age) # Person belongs_to :family - # puts values[drake] - # # => 43 + # * Single aggregate value: The single value is type cast to Fixnum for COUNT, Float + # for AVG, and the given column's type for everything else. # - # values.each do |family, max_age| - # ... - # end + # * Grouped values: This returns an ordered hash of the values and groups them. It + # takes either a column name, or the name of a belongs_to association. # - # Person.calculate(:count, :all) # The same as Person.count - # Person.average(:age) # SELECT AVG(age) FROM people... + # values = Person.group('last_name').maximum(:age) + # puts values["Drake"] + # # => 43 # - # # Selects the minimum age for any family without any minors - # Person.group(:last_name).having("min(age) > 17").minimum(:age) + # drake = Family.find_by(last_name: 'Drake') + # values = Person.group(:family).maximum(:age) # Person belongs_to :family + # puts values[drake] + # # => 43 # - # Person.sum("2 * age") - def calculate(operation, column_name, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. + # values.each do |family, max_age| + # ... + # end + def calculate(operation, column_name) if column_name.is_a?(Symbol) && attribute_alias?(column_name) column_name = attribute_alias(column_name) end if has_include?(column_name) - construct_relation_for_association_calculations.calculate(operation, column_name, options) + construct_relation_for_association_calculations.calculate(operation, column_name) else - perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options) + perform_calculation(operation, column_name) end end - # Use <tt>pluck</tt> as a shortcut to select one or more attributes without + # Use #pluck as a shortcut to select one or more attributes without # loading a bunch of records just to grab the attributes you want. # # Person.pluck(:name) @@ -137,19 +128,19 @@ module ActiveRecord # # Person.all.map(&:name) # - # Pluck returns an <tt>Array</tt> of attribute values type-casted to match + # Pluck returns an Array of attribute values type-casted to match # the plucked column names, if they can be deduced. Plucking an SQL fragment # returns String values by default. # - # Person.pluck(:id) - # # SELECT people.id FROM people - # # => [1, 2, 3] + # Person.pluck(:name) + # # SELECT people.name FROM people + # # => ['David', 'Jeremy', 'Jose'] # # Person.pluck(:id, :name) # # SELECT people.id, people.name FROM people # # => [[1, 'David'], [2, 'Jeremy'], [3, 'Jose']] # - # Person.pluck('DISTINCT role') + # Person.distinct.pluck(:role) # # SELECT DISTINCT role FROM people # # => ['admin', 'member', 'guest'] # @@ -161,6 +152,8 @@ module ActiveRecord # # SELECT DATEDIFF(updated_at, created_at) FROM people # # => ['0', '27761', '173'] # + # See also #ids. + # def pluck(*column_names) column_names.map! do |column_name| if column_name.is_a?(Symbol) && attribute_alias?(column_name) @@ -170,6 +163,10 @@ module ActiveRecord end end + if loaded? && (column_names - @klass.column_names).empty? + return @records.pluck(*column_names) + end + if has_include?(column_names.first) construct_relation_for_association_calculations.pluck(*column_names) else @@ -177,8 +174,8 @@ module ActiveRecord relation.select_values = column_names.map { |cn| columns_hash.key?(cn) ? arel_table[cn] : cn } - result = klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, nil, bind_values) - result.cast_values(klass.column_types) + result = klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, nil, bound_attributes) + result.cast_values(klass.attribute_types) end end @@ -193,15 +190,14 @@ module ActiveRecord private def has_include?(column_name) - eager_loading? || (includes_values.present? && ((column_name && column_name != :all) || references_eager_loaded_tables?)) + eager_loading? || (includes_values.present? && column_name && column_name != :all) end - def perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options = {}) - # TODO: Remove options argument as soon we remove support to - # activerecord-deprecated_finders. + def perform_calculation(operation, column_name) operation = operation.to_s.downcase - # If #count is used with #distinct / #uniq it is considered distinct. (eg. relation.distinct.count) + # If #count is used with #distinct (i.e. `relation.distinct.count`) it is + # considered distinct. distinct = self.distinct_value if operation == "count" @@ -223,6 +219,8 @@ module ActiveRecord end def aggregate_column(column_name) + return column_name if Arel::Expressions === column_name + if @klass.column_names.include?(column_name.to_s) Arel::Attribute.new(@klass.unscoped.table, column_name) else @@ -235,32 +233,29 @@ module ActiveRecord end def execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct) #:nodoc: - # Postgresql doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY + # PostgreSQL doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY relation = unscope(:order) column_alias = column_name - bind_values = nil - if operation == "count" && (relation.limit_value || relation.offset_value) # Shortcut when limit is zero. return 0 if relation.limit_value == 0 query_builder = build_count_subquery(relation, column_name, distinct) - bind_values = query_builder.bind_values + relation.bind_values else column = aggregate_column(column_name) select_value = operation_over_aggregate_column(column, operation, distinct) column_alias = select_value.alias + column_alias ||= @klass.connection.column_name_for_operation(operation, select_value) relation.select_values = [select_value] query_builder = relation.arel - bind_values = query_builder.bind_values + relation.bind_values end - result = @klass.connection.select_all(query_builder, nil, bind_values) + result = @klass.connection.select_all(query_builder, nil, bound_attributes) row = result.first value = row && row.values.first column = result.column_types.fetch(column_alias) do @@ -274,21 +269,16 @@ module ActiveRecord group_attrs = group_values if group_attrs.first.respond_to?(:to_sym) - association = @klass._reflect_on_association(group_attrs.first.to_sym) + association = @klass._reflect_on_association(group_attrs.first) associated = group_attrs.size == 1 && association && association.belongs_to? # only count belongs_to associations group_fields = Array(associated ? association.foreign_key : group_attrs) else group_fields = group_attrs end + group_fields = arel_columns(group_fields) - group_aliases = group_fields.map { |field| - column_alias_for(field) - } - group_columns = group_aliases.zip(group_fields).map { |aliaz,field| - [aliaz, field] - } - - group = group_fields + group_aliases = group_fields.map { |field| column_alias_for(field) } + group_columns = group_aliases.zip(group_fields) if operation == 'count' && column_name == :all aggregate_alias = 'count_all' @@ -302,9 +292,9 @@ module ActiveRecord operation, distinct).as(aggregate_alias) ] - select_values += select_values unless having_values.empty? + select_values += select_values unless having_clause.empty? - select_values.concat group_fields.zip(group_aliases).map { |field,aliaz| + select_values.concat group_columns.map { |aliaz, field| if field.respond_to?(:as) field.as(aliaz) else @@ -313,14 +303,14 @@ module ActiveRecord } relation = except(:group) - relation.group_values = group + relation.group_values = group_fields relation.select_values = select_values - calculated_data = @klass.connection.select_all(relation, nil, bind_values) + calculated_data = @klass.connection.select_all(relation, nil, relation.bound_attributes) if association key_ids = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_aliases.first] } - key_records = association.klass.base_class.find(key_ids) + key_records = association.klass.base_class.where(association.klass.base_class.primary_key => key_ids) key_records = Hash[key_records.map { |r| [r.id, r] }] end @@ -346,7 +336,6 @@ module ActiveRecord # column_alias_for("sum(id)") # => "sum_id" # column_alias_for("count(distinct users.id)") # => "count_distinct_users_id" # column_alias_for("count(*)") # => "count_all" - # column_alias_for("count", "id") # => "count_id" def column_alias_for(keys) if keys.respond_to? :name keys = "#{keys.relation.name}.#{keys.name}" @@ -369,15 +358,15 @@ module ActiveRecord def type_cast_calculated_value(value, type, operation = nil) case operation when 'count' then value.to_i - when 'sum' then type.type_cast_from_database(value || 0) + when 'sum' then type.deserialize(value || 0) when 'average' then value.respond_to?(:to_d) ? value.to_d : value - else type.type_cast_from_database(value) + else type.deserialize(value) end end - # TODO: refactor to allow non-string `select_values` (eg. Arel nodes). def select_for_count if select_values.present? + return select_values.first if select_values.one? select_values.join(", ") else :all @@ -390,11 +379,9 @@ module ActiveRecord aliased_column = aggregate_column(column_name == :all ? 1 : column_name).as(column_alias) relation.select_values = [aliased_column] - arel = relation.arel - subquery = arel.as(subquery_alias) + subquery = relation.arel.as(subquery_alias) sm = Arel::SelectManager.new relation.engine - sm.bind_values = arel.bind_values select_value = operation_over_aggregate_column(column_alias, 'count', distinct) sm.project(select_value).from(subquery) end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb index 50f4d5c7ab..27de313d05 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb @@ -1,15 +1,14 @@ require 'set' require 'active_support/concern' -require 'active_support/deprecation' module ActiveRecord module Delegation # :nodoc: - module DelegateCache - def relation_delegate_class(klass) # :nodoc: + module DelegateCache # :nodoc: + def relation_delegate_class(klass) @relation_delegate_cache[klass] end - def initialize_relation_delegate_cache # :nodoc: + def initialize_relation_delegate_cache @relation_delegate_cache = cache = {} [ ActiveRecord::Relation, @@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ module ActiveRecord delegate = Class.new(klass) { include ClassSpecificRelation } - const_set klass.name.gsub('::', '_'), delegate + const_set klass.name.gsub('::'.freeze, '_'.freeze), delegate cache[klass] = delegate end end @@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ module ActiveRecord BLACKLISTED_ARRAY_METHODS = [ :compact!, :flatten!, :reject!, :reverse!, :rotate!, :map!, :shuffle!, :slice!, :sort!, :sort_by!, :delete_if, - :keep_if, :pop, :shift, :delete_at, :compact, :select! + :keep_if, :pop, :shift, :delete_at, :select! ].to_set # :nodoc: delegate :to_xml, :to_yaml, :length, :collect, :map, :each, :all?, :include?, :to_ary, :join, to: :to_a diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb index 0c9c761f97..435cef901b 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -require 'active_support/deprecation' +require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters' module ActiveRecord module FinderMethods ONE_AS_ONE = '1 AS one' # Find by id - This can either be a specific id (1), a list of ids (1, 5, 6), or an array of ids ([5, 6, 10]). - # If no record can be found for all of the listed ids, then RecordNotFound will be raised. If the primary key + # If one or more records can not be found for the requested ids, then RecordNotFound will be raised. If the primary key # is an integer, find by id coerces its arguments using +to_i+. # # Person.find(1) # returns the object for ID = 1 @@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ module ActiveRecord # Person.find([1]) # returns an array for the object with ID = 1 # Person.where("administrator = 1").order("created_on DESC").find(1) # - # <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> will be raised if one or more ids are not found. - # # NOTE: The returned records may not be in the same order as the ids you - # provide since database rows are unordered. You'd need to provide an explicit <tt>order</tt> + # provide since database rows are unordered. You'd need to provide an explicit QueryMethods#order # option if you want the results are sorted. # # ==== Find with lock @@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # person.save! # end # - # ==== Variations of +find+ + # ==== Variations of #find # # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4) # # returns a chainable list (which can be empty). @@ -48,9 +46,9 @@ module ActiveRecord # # returns the first item or returns a new instance (requires you call .save to persist against the database). # # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).first_or_create - # # returns the first item or creates it and returns it, available since Rails 3.2.1. + # # returns the first item or creates it and returns it. # - # ==== Alternatives for +find+ + # ==== Alternatives for #find # # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).exists?(conditions = :none) # # returns a boolean indicating if any record with the given conditions exist. @@ -59,16 +57,13 @@ module ActiveRecord # # returns a chainable list of instances with only the mentioned fields. # # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).ids - # # returns an Array of ids, available since Rails 3.2.1. + # # returns an Array of ids. # # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).pluck(:field1, :field2) - # # returns an Array of the required fields, available since Rails 3.1. + # # returns an Array of the required fields. def find(*args) - if block_given? - to_a.find(*args) { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } - else - find_with_ids(*args) - end + return super if block_given? + find_with_ids(*args) end # Finds the first record matching the specified conditions. There @@ -79,14 +74,19 @@ module ActiveRecord # # Post.find_by name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4 # Post.find_by "published_at < ?", 2.weeks.ago - def find_by(*args) - where(*args).take + def find_by(arg, *args) + where(arg, *args).take + rescue RangeError + nil end - # Like <tt>find_by</tt>, except that if no record is found, raises - # an <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> error. - def find_by!(*args) - where(*args).take! + # Like #find_by, except that if no record is found, raises + # an ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound error. + def find_by!(arg, *args) + where(arg, *args).take! + rescue RangeError + raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with an out of range value", + @klass.name) end # Gives a record (or N records if a parameter is supplied) without any implied @@ -100,32 +100,20 @@ module ActiveRecord limit ? limit(limit).to_a : find_take end - # Same as +take+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record - # is found. Note that <tt>take!</tt> accepts no arguments. + # Same as #take but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record + # is found. Note that #take! accepts no arguments. def take! - take or raise RecordNotFound + take or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") end # Find the first record (or first N records if a parameter is supplied). # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. # - # Person.first # returns the first object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.first # returns the first object fetched by SELECT * FROM people ORDER BY people.id LIMIT 1 # Person.where(["user_name = ?", user_name]).first # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).first # Person.order("created_on DESC").offset(5).first - # Person.first(3) # returns the first three objects fetched by SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 3 - # - # ==== Rails 3 - # - # Person.first # SELECT "people".* FROM "people" LIMIT 1 - # - # NOTE: Rails 3 may not order this query by the primary key and the order - # will depend on the database implementation. In order to ensure that behavior, - # use <tt>User.order(:id).first</tt> instead. - # - # ==== Rails 4 - # - # Person.first # SELECT "people".* FROM "people" ORDER BY "people"."id" ASC LIMIT 1 + # Person.first(3) # returns the first three objects fetched by SELECT * FROM people ORDER BY people.id LIMIT 3 # def first(limit = nil) if limit @@ -135,10 +123,10 @@ module ActiveRecord end end - # Same as +first+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record - # is found. Note that <tt>first!</tt> accepts no arguments. + # Same as #first but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record + # is found. Note that #first! accepts no arguments. def first! - first or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 0 end # Find the last record (or last N records if a parameter is supplied). @@ -168,10 +156,10 @@ module ActiveRecord end end - # Same as +last+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record - # is found. Note that <tt>last!</tt> accepts no arguments. + # Same as #last but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record + # is found. Note that #last! accepts no arguments. def last! - last or raise RecordNotFound + last or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") end # Find the second record. @@ -184,10 +172,10 @@ module ActiveRecord find_nth(1, offset_index) end - # Same as +second+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # Same as #second but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record # is found. def second! - second or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 1 end # Find the third record. @@ -200,10 +188,10 @@ module ActiveRecord find_nth(2, offset_index) end - # Same as +third+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # Same as #third but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record # is found. def third! - third or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 2 end # Find the fourth record. @@ -216,10 +204,10 @@ module ActiveRecord find_nth(3, offset_index) end - # Same as +fourth+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # Same as #fourth but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record # is found. def fourth! - fourth or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 3 end # Find the fifth record. @@ -232,10 +220,10 @@ module ActiveRecord find_nth(4, offset_index) end - # Same as +fifth+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # Same as #fifth but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record # is found. def fifth! - fifth or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 4 end # Find the forty-second record. Also known as accessing "the reddit". @@ -248,14 +236,14 @@ module ActiveRecord find_nth(41, offset_index) end - # Same as +forty_two+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # Same as #forty_two but raises ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if no record # is found. def forty_two! - forty_two or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 41 end - # Returns +true+ if a record exists in the table that matches the +id+ or - # conditions given, or +false+ otherwise. The argument can take six forms: + # Returns true if a record exists in the table that matches the +id+ or + # conditions given, or false otherwise. The argument can take six forms: # # * Integer - Finds the record with this primary key. # * String - Finds the record with a primary key corresponding to this @@ -268,7 +256,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # * No args - Returns +false+ if the table is empty, +true+ otherwise. # # For more information about specifying conditions as a hash or array, - # see the Conditions section in the introduction to <tt>ActiveRecord::Base</tt>. + # see the Conditions section in the introduction to ActiveRecord::Base. # # Note: You can't pass in a condition as a string (like <tt>name = # 'Jamie'</tt>), since it would be sanitized and then queried against @@ -284,8 +272,10 @@ module ActiveRecord def exists?(conditions = :none) if Base === conditions conditions = conditions.id - ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn "You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `exists?`." \ - "Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id`" + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `exists?`. + Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id` + MSG end return false if !conditions @@ -300,15 +290,15 @@ module ActiveRecord relation = relation.where(conditions) else unless conditions == :none - relation = where(primary_key => conditions) + relation = relation.where(primary_key => conditions) end end - connection.select_value(relation, "#{name} Exists", relation.bind_values) ? true : false + connection.select_value(relation, "#{name} Exists", relation.bound_attributes) ? true : false end # This method is called whenever no records are found with either a single - # id or multiple ids and raises a +ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound+ exception. + # id or multiple ids and raises a ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound exception. # # The error message is different depending on whether a single id or # multiple ids are provided. If multiple ids are provided, then the number @@ -316,7 +306,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # the expected number of results should be provided in the +expected_size+ # argument. def raise_record_not_found_exception!(ids, result_size, expected_size) #:nodoc: - conditions = arel.where_sql + conditions = arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine) conditions = " [#{conditions}]" if conditions if Array(ids).size == 1 @@ -358,7 +348,7 @@ module ActiveRecord [] else arel = relation.arel - rows = connection.select_all(arel, 'SQL', arel.bind_values + relation.bind_values) + rows = connection.select_all(arel, 'SQL', relation.bound_attributes) join_dependency.instantiate(rows, aliases) end end @@ -372,7 +362,7 @@ module ActiveRecord def construct_relation_for_association_calculations from = arel.froms.first if Arel::Table === from - apply_join_dependency(self, construct_join_dependency) + apply_join_dependency(self, construct_join_dependency(joins_values)) else # FIXME: as far as I can tell, `from` will always be an Arel::Table. # There are no tests that test this branch, but presumably it's @@ -390,7 +380,7 @@ module ActiveRecord else if relation.limit_value limited_ids = limited_ids_for(relation) - limited_ids.empty? ? relation.none! : relation.where!(table[primary_key].in(limited_ids)) + limited_ids.empty? ? relation.none! : relation.where!(primary_key => limited_ids) end relation.except(:limit, :offset) end @@ -401,13 +391,14 @@ module ActiveRecord "#{quoted_table_name}.#{quoted_primary_key}", relation.order_values) relation = relation.except(:select).select(values).distinct! + arel = relation.arel - id_rows = @klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, 'SQL', relation.bind_values) + id_rows = @klass.connection.select_all(arel, 'SQL', relation.bound_attributes) id_rows.map {|row| row[primary_key]} end def using_limitable_reflections?(reflections) - reflections.none? { |r| r.collection? } + reflections.none?(&:collection?) end protected @@ -429,19 +420,20 @@ module ActiveRecord else find_some(ids) end + rescue RangeError + raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with an out of range ID" end def find_one(id) if ActiveRecord::Base === id id = id.id - ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn "You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `find`." \ - "Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id`" + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `find`. + Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id` + MSG end - column = columns_hash[primary_key] - substitute = connection.substitute_at(column, bind_values.length) - relation = where(table[primary_key].eq(substitute)) - relation.bind_values += [[column, id]] + relation = where(primary_key => id) record = relation.take raise_record_not_found_exception!(id, 0, 1) unless record @@ -450,7 +442,7 @@ module ActiveRecord end def find_some(ids) - result = where(table[primary_key].in(ids)).to_a + result = where(primary_key => ids).to_a expected_size = if limit_value && ids.size > limit_value @@ -488,6 +480,10 @@ module ActiveRecord end end + def find_nth!(index) + find_nth(index, offset_index) or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") + end + def find_nth_with_limit(offset, limit) relation = if order_values.empty? && primary_key order(arel_table[primary_key].asc) diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/from_clause.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/from_clause.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92340216ed --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/from_clause.rb @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class Relation + class FromClause # :nodoc: + attr_reader :value, :name + + def initialize(value, name) + @value = value + @name = name + end + + def binds + if value.is_a?(Relation) + value.bound_attributes + else + [] + end + end + + def merge(other) + self + end + + def empty? + value.nil? + end + + def self.empty + new(nil, nil) + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb index ac41d0aa80..cb971eb255 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys' -require "set" module ActiveRecord class Relation @@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ module ActiveRecord @hash = hash end - def merge + def merge #:nodoc: Merger.new(relation, other).merge end @@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # build a relation to merge in rather than directly merging # the values. def other - other = Relation.create(relation.klass, relation.table) + other = Relation.create(relation.klass, relation.table, relation.predicate_builder) hash.each { |k, v| if k == :joins if Hash === v @@ -49,9 +48,9 @@ module ActiveRecord @other = other end - NORMAL_VALUES = Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS + - Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS - - [:joins, :where, :order, :bind, :reverse_order, :lock, :create_with, :reordering, :from] # :nodoc: + NORMAL_VALUES = Relation::VALUE_METHODS - + Relation::CLAUSE_METHODS - + [:includes, :preload, :joins, :order, :reverse_order, :lock, :create_with, :reordering] # :nodoc: def normal_values NORMAL_VALUES @@ -75,6 +74,8 @@ module ActiveRecord merge_multi_values merge_single_values + merge_clauses + merge_preloads merge_joins relation @@ -82,13 +83,34 @@ module ActiveRecord private + def merge_preloads + return if other.preload_values.empty? && other.includes_values.empty? + + if other.klass == relation.klass + relation.preload!(*other.preload_values) unless other.preload_values.empty? + relation.includes!(other.includes_values) unless other.includes_values.empty? + else + reflection = relation.klass.reflect_on_all_associations.find do |r| + r.class_name == other.klass.name + end || return + + unless other.preload_values.empty? + relation.preload! reflection.name => other.preload_values + end + + unless other.includes_values.empty? + relation.includes! reflection.name => other.includes_values + end + end + end + def merge_joins - return if values[:joins].blank? + return if other.joins_values.blank? if other.klass == relation.klass - relation.joins!(*values[:joins]) + relation.joins!(*other.joins_values) else - joins_dependency, rest = values[:joins].partition do |join| + joins_dependency, rest = other.joins_values.partition do |join| case join when Hash, Symbol, Array true @@ -107,74 +129,34 @@ module ActiveRecord end def merge_multi_values - lhs_wheres = relation.where_values - rhs_wheres = values[:where] || [] - - lhs_binds = relation.bind_values - rhs_binds = values[:bind] || [] - - removed, kept = partition_overwrites(lhs_wheres, rhs_wheres) - - where_values = kept + rhs_wheres - bind_values = filter_binds(lhs_binds, removed) + rhs_binds - - conn = relation.klass.connection - bv_index = 0 - where_values.map! do |node| - if Arel::Nodes::Equality === node && Arel::Nodes::BindParam === node.right - substitute = conn.substitute_at(bind_values[bv_index].first, bv_index) - bv_index += 1 - Arel::Nodes::Equality.new(node.left, substitute) - else - node - end - end - - relation.where_values = where_values - relation.bind_values = bind_values - - if values[:reordering] + if other.reordering_value # override any order specified in the original relation - relation.reorder! values[:order] - elsif values[:order] + relation.reorder! other.order_values + elsif other.order_values # merge in order_values from relation - relation.order! values[:order] + relation.order! other.order_values end - relation.extend(*values[:extending]) unless values[:extending].blank? + relation.extend(*other.extending_values) unless other.extending_values.blank? end def merge_single_values - relation.from_value = values[:from] unless relation.from_value - relation.lock_value = values[:lock] unless relation.lock_value + relation.lock_value ||= other.lock_value - unless values[:create_with].blank? - relation.create_with_value = (relation.create_with_value || {}).merge(values[:create_with]) + unless other.create_with_value.blank? + relation.create_with_value = (relation.create_with_value || {}).merge(other.create_with_value) end end - def filter_binds(lhs_binds, removed_wheres) - return lhs_binds if removed_wheres.empty? - - set = Set.new removed_wheres.map { |x| x.left.name.to_s } - lhs_binds.dup.delete_if { |col,_| set.include? col.name } + CLAUSE_METHOD_NAMES = CLAUSE_METHODS.map do |name| + ["#{name}_clause", "#{name}_clause="] end - # Remove equalities from the existing relation with a LHS which is - # present in the relation being merged in. - # returns [things_to_remove, things_to_keep] - def partition_overwrites(lhs_wheres, rhs_wheres) - if lhs_wheres.empty? || rhs_wheres.empty? - return [[], lhs_wheres] - end - - nodes = rhs_wheres.find_all do |w| - w.respond_to?(:operator) && w.operator == :== - end - seen = Set.new(nodes) { |node| node.left } - - lhs_wheres.partition do |w| - w.respond_to?(:operator) && w.operator == :== && seen.include?(w.left) + def merge_clauses + CLAUSE_METHOD_NAMES.each do |(reader, writer)| + clause = relation.send(reader) + other_clause = other.send(reader) + relation.send(writer, clause.merge(other_clause)) end end end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb index eff5c8f09c..39e7b42629 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb @@ -1,82 +1,49 @@ module ActiveRecord class PredicateBuilder # :nodoc: - @handlers = [] - - autoload :RelationHandler, 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler' - autoload :ArrayHandler, 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler' - - def self.resolve_column_aliases(klass, hash) - hash = hash.dup - hash.keys.grep(Symbol) do |key| - if klass.attribute_alias? key - hash[klass.attribute_alias(key)] = hash.delete key - end - end - hash + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/association_query_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/base_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/basic_object_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/class_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/range_handler' + require 'active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler' + + delegate :resolve_column_aliases, to: :table + + def initialize(table) + @table = table + @handlers = [] + + register_handler(BasicObject, BasicObjectHandler.new(self)) + register_handler(Class, ClassHandler.new(self)) + register_handler(Base, BaseHandler.new(self)) + register_handler(Range, RangeHandler.new(self)) + register_handler(Relation, RelationHandler.new) + register_handler(Array, ArrayHandler.new(self)) + register_handler(AssociationQueryValue, AssociationQueryHandler.new(self)) end - def self.build_from_hash(klass, attributes, default_table) - queries = [] - - attributes.each do |column, value| - table = default_table - - if value.is_a?(Hash) - if value.empty? - queries << '1=0' - else - table = Arel::Table.new(column, default_table.engine) - association = klass._reflect_on_association(column.to_sym) - - value.each do |k, v| - queries.concat expand(association && association.klass, table, k, v) - end - end - else - column = column.to_s - - if column.include?('.') - table_name, column = column.split('.', 2) - table = Arel::Table.new(table_name, default_table.engine) - end - - queries.concat expand(klass, table, column, value) - end - end - - queries + def build_from_hash(attributes) + attributes = convert_dot_notation_to_hash(attributes) + expand_from_hash(attributes) end - def self.expand(klass, table, column, value) - queries = [] + def create_binds(attributes) + attributes = convert_dot_notation_to_hash(attributes) + create_binds_for_hash(attributes) + end + def expand(column, value) # Find the foreign key when using queries such as: # Post.where(author: author) # # For polymorphic relationships, find the foreign key and type: # PriceEstimate.where(estimate_of: treasure) - if klass && reflection = klass._reflect_on_association(column.to_sym) - if reflection.polymorphic? && base_class = polymorphic_base_class_from_value(value) - queries << build(table[reflection.foreign_type], base_class) - end - - column = reflection.foreign_key + if table.associated_with?(column) + value = AssociationQueryValue.new(table.associated_table(column), value) end - queries << build(table[column], value) - queries - end - - def self.polymorphic_base_class_from_value(value) - case value - when Relation - value.klass.base_class - when Array - val = value.compact.first - val.class.base_class if val.is_a?(Base) - when Base - value.class.base_class - end + build(table.arel_attribute(column), value) end def self.references(attributes) @@ -85,7 +52,7 @@ module ActiveRecord key else key = key.to_s - key.split('.').first if key.include?('.') + key.split('.'.freeze).first if key.include?('.'.freeze) end end.compact end @@ -100,27 +67,83 @@ module ActiveRecord # Arel::Nodes::And.new([range.start, range.end]) # ) # end - # ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder.register_handler(MyCustomDateRange, handler) - def self.register_handler(klass, handler) + # ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder.new("users").register_handler(MyCustomDateRange, handler) + def register_handler(klass, handler) @handlers.unshift([klass, handler]) end - register_handler(BasicObject, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value) }) - # FIXME: I think we need to deprecate this behavior - register_handler(Class, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value.name) }) - register_handler(Base, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.eq(value.id) }) - register_handler(Range, ->(attribute, value) { attribute.in(value) }) - register_handler(Relation, RelationHandler.new) - register_handler(Array, ArrayHandler.new) - - def self.build(attribute, value) + def build(attribute, value) handler_for(value).call(attribute, value) end - private_class_method :build - def self.handler_for(object) + protected + + attr_reader :table + + def expand_from_hash(attributes) + return ["1=0"] if attributes.empty? + + attributes.flat_map do |key, value| + if value.is_a?(Hash) + associated_predicate_builder(key).expand_from_hash(value) + else + expand(key, value) + end + end + end + + + def create_binds_for_hash(attributes) + result = attributes.dup + binds = [] + + attributes.each do |column_name, value| + case value + when Hash + attrs, bvs = associated_predicate_builder(column_name).create_binds_for_hash(value) + result[column_name] = attrs + binds += bvs + when Relation + binds += value.bound_attributes + else + if can_be_bound?(column_name, value) + result[column_name] = Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new + binds << Relation::QueryAttribute.new(column_name.to_s, value, table.type(column_name)) + end + end + end + + [result, binds] + end + + private + + def associated_predicate_builder(association_name) + self.class.new(table.associated_table(association_name)) + end + + def convert_dot_notation_to_hash(attributes) + dot_notation = attributes.keys.select { |s| s.include?(".".freeze) } + + dot_notation.each do |key| + table_name, column_name = key.split(".".freeze) + value = attributes.delete(key) + attributes[table_name] ||= {} + + attributes[table_name] = attributes[table_name].merge(column_name => value) + end + + attributes + end + + def handler_for(object) @handlers.detect { |klass, _| klass === object }.last end - private_class_method :handler_for + + def can_be_bound?(column_name, value) + !value.nil? && + handler_for(value).is_a?(BasicObjectHandler) && + !table.associated_with?(column_name) + end end end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler.rb index 78dba8be06..95dbd6a77f 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/array_handler.rb @@ -1,30 +1,39 @@ module ActiveRecord class PredicateBuilder class ArrayHandler # :nodoc: - def call(attribute, value) - return attribute.in([]) if value.empty? + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + def call(attribute, value) values = value.map { |x| x.is_a?(Base) ? x.id : x } - ranges, values = values.partition { |v| v.is_a?(Range) } nils, values = values.partition(&:nil?) + return attribute.in([]) if values.empty? && nils.empty? + + ranges, values = values.partition { |v| v.is_a?(Range) } + values_predicate = case values.length when 0 then NullPredicate - when 1 then attribute.eq(values.first) + when 1 then predicate_builder.build(attribute, values.first) else attribute.in(values) end unless nils.empty? - values_predicate = values_predicate.or(attribute.eq(nil)) + values_predicate = values_predicate.or(predicate_builder.build(attribute, nil)) end - array_predicates = ranges.map { |range| attribute.in(range) } - array_predicates << values_predicate + array_predicates = ranges.map { |range| predicate_builder.build(attribute, range) } + array_predicates.unshift(values_predicate) array_predicates.inject { |composite, predicate| composite.or(predicate) } end - module NullPredicate + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + + module NullPredicate # :nodoc: def self.or(other) other end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/association_query_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/association_query_handler.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e81be63cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/association_query_handler.rb @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class PredicateBuilder + class AssociationQueryHandler # :nodoc: + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def call(attribute, value) + queries = {} + + table = value.associated_table + if value.base_class + queries[table.association_foreign_type.to_s] = value.base_class.name + end + + queries[table.association_foreign_key.to_s] = value.ids + predicate_builder.build_from_hash(queries) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + end + + class AssociationQueryValue # :nodoc: + attr_reader :associated_table, :value + + def initialize(associated_table, value) + @associated_table = associated_table + @value = value + end + + def ids + case value + when Relation + value.select(primary_key) + when Array + value.map { |v| convert_to_id(v) } + else + convert_to_id(value) + end + end + + def base_class + if associated_table.polymorphic_association? + @base_class ||= polymorphic_base_class_from_value + end + end + + private + + def primary_key + associated_table.association_primary_key(base_class) + end + + def polymorphic_base_class_from_value + case value + when Relation + value.klass.base_class + when Array + val = value.compact.first + val.class.base_class if val.is_a?(Base) + when Base + value.class.base_class + end + end + + def convert_to_id(value) + case value + when Base + value._read_attribute(primary_key) + else + value + end + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/base_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/base_handler.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6fa5b16f73 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/base_handler.rb @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class PredicateBuilder + class BaseHandler # :nodoc: + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def call(attribute, value) + predicate_builder.build(attribute, value.id) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/basic_object_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/basic_object_handler.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6cec75dc0a --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/basic_object_handler.rb @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class PredicateBuilder + class BasicObjectHandler # :nodoc: + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def call(attribute, value) + attribute.eq(value) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/class_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/class_handler.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ed313fc9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/class_handler.rb @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class PredicateBuilder + class ClassHandler # :nodoc: + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def call(attribute, value) + print_deprecation_warning + predicate_builder.build(attribute, value.name) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + + private + + def print_deprecation_warning + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + Passing a class as a value in an Active Record query is deprecated and + will be removed. Pass a string instead. + MSG + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/range_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/range_handler.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1b3849e3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/range_handler.rb @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class PredicateBuilder + class RangeHandler # :nodoc: + def initialize(predicate_builder) + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def call(attribute, value) + attribute.between(value) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicate_builder + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler.rb index 618fa3cdd9..063150958a 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder/relation_handler.rb @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module ActiveRecord value = value.select(value.klass.arel_table[value.klass.primary_key]) end - attribute.in(value.arel.ast) + attribute.in(value.arel) end end end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_attribute.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_attribute.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ba964e802 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_attribute.rb @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +require 'active_record/attribute' + +module ActiveRecord + class Relation + class QueryAttribute < Attribute # :nodoc: + def type_cast(value) + value + end + + def value_for_database + @value_for_database ||= super + end + + def with_cast_value(value) + QueryAttribute.new(name, value, type) + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb index 1262b2c291..f5afc1000d 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb @@ -1,9 +1,15 @@ -require 'active_support/core_ext/array/wrap' +require "active_record/relation/from_clause" +require "active_record/relation/query_attribute" +require "active_record/relation/where_clause" +require "active_record/relation/where_clause_factory" +require 'active_model/forbidden_attributes_protection' module ActiveRecord module QueryMethods extend ActiveSupport::Concern + include ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributesProtection + # WhereChain objects act as placeholder for queries in which #where does not have any parameter. # In this case, #where must be chained with #not to return a new relation. class WhereChain @@ -14,7 +20,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # Returns a new relation expressing WHERE + NOT condition according to # the conditions in the arguments. # - # +not+ accepts conditions as a string, array, or hash. See #where for + # #not accepts conditions as a string, array, or hash. See QueryMethods#where for # more details on each format. # # User.where.not("name = 'Jon'") @@ -35,38 +41,24 @@ module ActiveRecord # User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin") # # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin' def not(opts, *rest) - where_value = @scope.send(:build_where, opts, rest).map do |rel| - case rel - when NilClass - raise ArgumentError, 'Invalid argument for .where.not(), got nil.' - when Arel::Nodes::In - Arel::Nodes::NotIn.new(rel.left, rel.right) - when Arel::Nodes::Equality - Arel::Nodes::NotEqual.new(rel.left, rel.right) - when String - Arel::Nodes::Not.new(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new(rel)) - else - Arel::Nodes::Not.new(rel) - end - end + where_clause = @scope.send(:where_clause_factory).build(opts, rest) @scope.references!(PredicateBuilder.references(opts)) if Hash === opts - @scope.where_values += where_value + @scope.where_clause += where_clause.invert @scope end end Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS.each do |name| class_eval <<-CODE, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1 - def #{name}_values # def select_values - @values[:#{name}] || [] # @values[:select] || [] - end # end - # - def #{name}_values=(values) # def select_values=(values) - raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded # raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded - check_cached_relation - @values[:#{name}] = values # @values[:select] = values - end # end + def #{name}_values # def select_values + @values[:#{name}] || [] # @values[:select] || [] + end # end + # + def #{name}_values=(values) # def select_values=(values) + assert_mutability! # assert_mutability! + @values[:#{name}] = values # @values[:select] = values + end # end CODE end @@ -81,21 +73,27 @@ module ActiveRecord Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS.each do |name| class_eval <<-CODE, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1 def #{name}_value=(value) # def readonly_value=(value) - raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded # raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded - check_cached_relation + assert_mutability! # assert_mutability! @values[:#{name}] = value # @values[:readonly] = value end # end CODE end - def check_cached_relation # :nodoc: - if defined?(@arel) && @arel - @arel = nil - ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn <<-WARNING -Modifying already cached Relation. The cache will be reset. -Use a cloned Relation to prevent this warning. -WARNING - end + Relation::CLAUSE_METHODS.each do |name| + class_eval <<-CODE, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1 + def #{name}_clause # def where_clause + @values[:#{name}] || new_#{name}_clause # @values[:where] || new_where_clause + end # end + # + def #{name}_clause=(value) # def where_clause=(value) + assert_mutability! # assert_mutability! + @values[:#{name}] = value # @values[:where] = value + end # end + CODE + end + + def bound_attributes + from_clause.binds + arel.bind_values + where_clause.binds + having_clause.binds end def create_with_value # :nodoc: @@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ WARNING # # allows you to access the +address+ attribute of the +User+ model without # firing an additional query. This will often result in a - # performance improvement over a simple +join+. + # performance improvement over a simple join. # # You can also specify multiple relationships, like this: # @@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ WARNING # # User.includes(:posts).where('posts.name = ?', 'example').references(:posts) # - # Note that +includes+ works with association names while +references+ needs + # Note that #includes works with association names while #references needs # the actual table name. def includes(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:includes, args) @@ -153,9 +151,9 @@ WARNING # Forces eager loading by performing a LEFT OUTER JOIN on +args+: # # User.eager_load(:posts) - # => SELECT "users"."id" AS t0_r0, "users"."name" AS t0_r1, ... - # FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = - # "users"."id" + # # SELECT "users"."id" AS t0_r0, "users"."name" AS t0_r1, ... + # # FROM "users" LEFT OUTER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = + # # "users"."id" def eager_load(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:eager_load, args) spawn.eager_load!(*args) @@ -166,10 +164,10 @@ WARNING self end - # Allows preloading of +args+, in the same way that +includes+ does: + # Allows preloading of +args+, in the same way that #includes does: # # User.preload(:posts) - # => SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."user_id" IN (1, 2, 3) + # # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."user_id" IN (1, 2, 3) def preload(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:preload, args) spawn.preload!(*args) @@ -182,14 +180,14 @@ WARNING # Use to indicate that the given +table_names+ are referenced by an SQL string, # and should therefore be JOINed in any query rather than loaded separately. - # This method only works in conjunction with +includes+. + # This method only works in conjunction with #includes. # See #includes for more details. # # User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'") - # # => Doesn't JOIN the posts table, resulting in an error. + # # Doesn't JOIN the posts table, resulting in an error. # # User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'").references(:posts) - # # => Query now knows the string references posts, so adds a JOIN + # # Query now knows the string references posts, so adds a JOIN def references(*table_names) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:references, table_names) spawn.references!(*table_names) @@ -205,12 +203,12 @@ WARNING # Works in two unique ways. # - # First: takes a block so it can be used just like Array#select. + # First: takes a block so it can be used just like +Array#select+. # # Model.all.select { |m| m.field == value } # # This will build an array of objects from the database for the scope, - # converting them into an array and iterating through them using Array#select. + # converting them into an array and iterating through them using +Array#select+. # # Second: Modifies the SELECT statement for the query so that only certain # fields are retrieved: @@ -238,23 +236,20 @@ WARNING # # => "value" # # Accessing attributes of an object that do not have fields retrieved by a select - # except +id+ will throw <tt>ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError</tt>: + # except +id+ will throw ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: # # Model.select(:field).first.other_field # # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: other_field def select(*fields) - if block_given? - to_a.select { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } - else - raise ArgumentError, 'Call this with at least one field' if fields.empty? - spawn._select!(*fields) - end + return super if block_given? + raise ArgumentError, 'Call this with at least one field' if fields.empty? + spawn._select!(*fields) end def _select!(*fields) # :nodoc: fields.flatten! fields.map! do |field| - klass.attribute_alias?(field) ? klass.attribute_alias(field) : field + klass.attribute_alias?(field) ? klass.attribute_alias(field).to_sym : field end self.select_values += fields self @@ -263,22 +258,23 @@ WARNING # Allows to specify a group attribute: # # User.group(:name) - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" GROUP BY name + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" GROUP BY name # # Returns an array with distinct records based on the +group+ attribute: # # User.select([:id, :name]) - # => [#<User id: 1, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 3, name: "Foo"> + # # => [#<User id: 1, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar">, #<User id: 3, name: "Foo">] # # User.group(:name) - # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", ...>] + # # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", ...>] # # User.group('name AS grouped_name, age') - # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 5, name: "Foo", age: 23, ...>] + # # => [#<User id: 3, name: "Foo", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 2, name: "Oscar", age: 21, ...>, #<User id: 5, name: "Foo", age: 23, ...>] # # Passing in an array of attributes to group by is also supported. + # # User.select([:id, :first_name]).group(:id, :first_name).first(3) - # => [#<User id: 1, first_name: "Bill">, #<User id: 2, first_name: "Earl">, #<User id: 3, first_name: "Beto">] + # # => [#<User id: 1, first_name: "Bill">, #<User id: 2, first_name: "Earl">, #<User id: 3, first_name: "Beto">] def group(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:group, args) spawn.group!(*args) @@ -294,22 +290,22 @@ WARNING # Allows to specify an order attribute: # # User.order(:name) - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC # # User.order(email: :desc) - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."email" DESC + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."email" DESC # # User.order(:name, email: :desc) - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC, "users"."email" DESC + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."name" ASC, "users"."email" DESC # # User.order('name') - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name # # User.order('name DESC') - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC # # User.order('name DESC, email') - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC, email + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY name DESC, email def order(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:order, args) spawn.order!(*args) @@ -361,15 +357,15 @@ WARNING # User.order('email DESC').select('id').where(name: "John") # .unscope(:order, :select, :where) == User.all # - # One can additionally pass a hash as an argument to unscope specific :where values. + # One can additionally pass a hash as an argument to unscope specific +:where+ values. # This is done by passing a hash with a single key-value pair. The key should be - # :where and the value should be the where value to unscope. For example: + # +:where+ and the value should be the where value to unscope. For example: # # User.where(name: "John", active: true).unscope(where: :name) # == User.where(active: true) # - # This method is similar to <tt>except</tt>, but unlike - # <tt>except</tt>, it persists across merges: + # This method is similar to #except, but unlike + # #except, it persists across merges: # # User.order('email').merge(User.except(:order)) # == User.order('email') @@ -379,7 +375,7 @@ WARNING # # This means it can be used in association definitions: # - # has_many :comments, -> { unscope where: :trashed } + # has_many :comments, -> { unscope(where: :trashed) } # def unscope(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:unscope, args) @@ -400,9 +396,8 @@ WARNING raise ArgumentError, "Hash arguments in .unscope(*args) must have :where as the key." end - Array(target_value).each do |val| - where_unscoping(val) - end + target_values = Array(target_value).map(&:to_s) + self.where_clause = where_clause.except(*target_values) end else raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized scoping: #{args.inspect}. Use .unscope(where: :attribute_name) or .unscope(:order), for example." @@ -415,35 +410,24 @@ WARNING # Performs a joins on +args+: # # User.joins(:posts) - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id" + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."user_id" = "users"."id" # # You can use strings in order to customize your joins: # # User.joins("LEFT JOIN bookmarks ON bookmarks.bookmarkable_type = 'Post' AND bookmarks.user_id = users.id") - # => SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT JOIN bookmarks ON bookmarks.bookmarkable_type = 'Post' AND bookmarks.user_id = users.id + # # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" LEFT JOIN bookmarks ON bookmarks.bookmarkable_type = 'Post' AND bookmarks.user_id = users.id def joins(*args) check_if_method_has_arguments!(:joins, args) - - args.compact! - args.flatten! - spawn.joins!(*args) end def joins!(*args) # :nodoc: + args.compact! + args.flatten! self.joins_values += args self end - def bind(value) - spawn.bind!(value) - end - - def bind!(value) # :nodoc: - self.bind_values += [value] - self - end - # Returns a new relation, which is the result of filtering the current relation # according to the conditions in the arguments. # @@ -487,7 +471,7 @@ WARNING # than the previous methods; you are responsible for ensuring that the values in the template # are properly quoted. The values are passed to the connector for quoting, but the caller # is responsible for ensuring they are enclosed in quotes in the resulting SQL. After quoting, - # the values are inserted using the same escapes as the Ruby core method <tt>Kernel::sprintf</tt>. + # the values are inserted using the same escapes as the Ruby core method +Kernel::sprintf+. # # User.where(["name = '%s' and email = '%s'", "Joe", "joe@example.com"]) # # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Joe' AND email = 'joe@example.com'; @@ -564,7 +548,7 @@ WARNING # If the condition is any blank-ish object, then #where is a no-op and returns # the current relation. def where(opts = :chain, *rest) - if opts == :chain + if :chain == opts WhereChain.new(spawn) elsif opts.blank? self @@ -574,24 +558,54 @@ WARNING end def where!(opts, *rest) # :nodoc: + opts = sanitize_forbidden_attributes(opts) references!(PredicateBuilder.references(opts)) if Hash === opts - - self.where_values += build_where(opts, rest) + self.where_clause += where_clause_factory.build(opts, rest) self end # Allows you to change a previously set where condition for a given attribute, instead of appending to that condition. # - # Post.where(trashed: true).where(trashed: false) # => WHERE `trashed` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0 - # Post.where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) # => WHERE `trashed` = 0 - # Post.where(active: true).where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) # => WHERE `active` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0 + # Post.where(trashed: true).where(trashed: false) + # # WHERE `trashed` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0 # - # This is short-hand for unscope(where: conditions.keys).where(conditions). Note that unlike reorder, we're only unscoping - # the named conditions -- not the entire where statement. + # Post.where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) + # # WHERE `trashed` = 0 + # + # Post.where(active: true).where(trashed: true).rewhere(trashed: false) + # # WHERE `active` = 1 AND `trashed` = 0 + # + # This is short-hand for <tt>unscope(where: conditions.keys).where(conditions)</tt>. + # Note that unlike reorder, we're only unscoping the named conditions -- not the entire where statement. def rewhere(conditions) unscope(where: conditions.keys).where(conditions) end + # Returns a new relation, which is the logical union of this relation and the one passed as an + # argument. + # + # The two relations must be structurally compatible: they must be scoping the same model, and + # they must differ only by #where (if no #group has been defined) or #having (if a #group is + # present). Neither relation may have a #limit, #offset, or #distinct set. + # + # Post.where("id = 1").or(Post.where("id = 2")) + # # SELECT `posts`.* FROM `posts` WHERE (('id = 1' OR 'id = 2')) + # + def or(other) + spawn.or!(other) + end + + def or!(other) # :nodoc: + unless structurally_compatible_for_or?(other) + raise ArgumentError, 'Relation passed to #or must be structurally compatible' + end + + self.where_clause = self.where_clause.or(other.where_clause) + self.having_clause = self.having_clause.or(other.having_clause) + + self + end + # Allows to specify a HAVING clause. Note that you can't use HAVING # without also specifying a GROUP clause. # @@ -601,9 +615,10 @@ WARNING end def having!(opts, *rest) # :nodoc: + opts = sanitize_forbidden_attributes(opts) references!(PredicateBuilder.references(opts)) if Hash === opts - self.having_values += build_where(opts, rest) + self.having_clause += having_clause_factory.build(opts, rest) self end @@ -638,7 +653,7 @@ WARNING end # Specifies locking settings (default to +true+). For more information - # on locking, please see +ActiveRecord::Locking+. + # on locking, please see ActiveRecord::Locking. def lock(locks = true) spawn.lock!(locks) end @@ -669,7 +684,7 @@ WARNING # For example: # # @posts = current_user.visible_posts.where(name: params[:name]) - # # => the visible_posts method is expected to return a chainable Relation + # # the visible_posts method is expected to return a chainable Relation # # def visible_posts # case role @@ -683,11 +698,11 @@ WARNING # end # def none - extending(NullRelation) + where("1=0").extending!(NullRelation) end def none! # :nodoc: - extending!(NullRelation) + where!("1=0").extending!(NullRelation) end # Sets readonly attributes for the returned relation. If value is @@ -695,7 +710,7 @@ WARNING # # users = User.readonly # users.first.save - # => ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord: ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord + # => ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord: User is marked as readonly def readonly(value = true) spawn.readonly!(value) end @@ -714,7 +729,7 @@ WARNING # users = users.create_with(name: 'DHH') # users.new.name # => 'DHH' # - # You can pass +nil+ to +create_with+ to reset attributes: + # You can pass +nil+ to #create_with to reset attributes: # # users = users.create_with(nil) # users.new.name # => 'Oscar' @@ -723,46 +738,53 @@ WARNING end def create_with!(value) # :nodoc: - self.create_with_value = value ? create_with_value.merge(value) : {} + if value + value = sanitize_forbidden_attributes(value) + self.create_with_value = create_with_value.merge(value) + else + self.create_with_value = {} + end + self end # Specifies table from which the records will be fetched. For example: # # Topic.select('title').from('posts') - # # => SELECT title FROM posts + # # SELECT title FROM posts # # Can accept other relation objects. For example: # # Topic.select('title').from(Topic.approved) - # # => SELECT title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') subquery + # # SELECT title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') subquery # # Topic.select('a.title').from(Topic.approved, :a) - # # => SELECT a.title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') a + # # SELECT a.title FROM (SELECT * FROM topics WHERE approved = 't') a # def from(value, subquery_name = nil) spawn.from!(value, subquery_name) end def from!(value, subquery_name = nil) # :nodoc: - self.from_value = [value, subquery_name] + self.from_clause = Relation::FromClause.new(value, subquery_name) self end # Specifies whether the records should be unique or not. For example: # # User.select(:name) - # # => Might return two records with the same name + # # Might return two records with the same name # # User.select(:name).distinct - # # => Returns 1 record per distinct name + # # Returns 1 record per distinct name # # User.select(:name).distinct.distinct(false) - # # => You can also remove the uniqueness + # # You can also remove the uniqueness def distinct(value = true) spawn.distinct!(value) end alias uniq distinct + deprecate uniq: :distinct # Like #distinct, but modifies relation in place. def distinct!(value = true) # :nodoc: @@ -770,6 +792,7 @@ WARNING self end alias uniq! distinct! + deprecate uniq!: :distinct! # Used to extend a scope with additional methods, either through # a module or through a block provided. @@ -846,37 +869,30 @@ WARNING private + def assert_mutability! + raise ImmutableRelation if @loaded + raise ImmutableRelation if defined?(@arel) && @arel + end + def build_arel - arel = Arel::SelectManager.new(table.engine, table) + arel = Arel::SelectManager.new(table) build_joins(arel, joins_values.flatten) unless joins_values.empty? - collapse_wheres(arel, (where_values - [''])) #TODO: Add uniq with real value comparison / ignore uniqs that have binds - - arel.having(*having_values.uniq.reject(&:blank?)) unless having_values.empty? - + arel.where(where_clause.ast) unless where_clause.empty? + arel.having(having_clause.ast) unless having_clause.empty? arel.take(connection.sanitize_limit(limit_value)) if limit_value arel.skip(offset_value.to_i) if offset_value - - arel.group(*group_values.uniq.reject(&:blank?)) unless group_values.empty? + arel.group(*arel_columns(group_values.uniq.reject(&:blank?))) unless group_values.empty? build_order(arel) - build_select(arel, select_values.uniq) + build_select(arel) arel.distinct(distinct_value) - arel.from(build_from) if from_value + arel.from(build_from) unless from_clause.empty? arel.lock(lock_value) if lock_value - # Reorder bind indexes if joins produced bind values - if arel.bind_values.any? - bvs = arel.bind_values + bind_values - arel.ast.grep(Arel::Nodes::BindParam).each_with_index do |bp, i| - column = bvs[i].first - bp.replace connection.substitute_at(column, i) - end - end - arel end @@ -885,112 +901,36 @@ WARNING raise ArgumentError, "Called unscope() with invalid unscoping argument ':#{scope}'. Valid arguments are :#{VALID_UNSCOPING_VALUES.to_a.join(", :")}." end - single_val_method = Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS.include?(scope) - unscope_code = "#{scope}_value#{'s' unless single_val_method}=" + clause_method = Relation::CLAUSE_METHODS.include?(scope) + multi_val_method = Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS.include?(scope) + if clause_method + unscope_code = "#{scope}_clause=" + else + unscope_code = "#{scope}_value#{'s' if multi_val_method}=" + end case scope when :order result = [] - when :where - self.bind_values = [] else - result = [] unless single_val_method + result = [] if multi_val_method end self.send(unscope_code, result) end - def where_unscoping(target_value) - target_value = target_value.to_s - - where_values.reject! do |rel| - case rel - when Arel::Nodes::In, Arel::Nodes::NotIn, Arel::Nodes::Equality, Arel::Nodes::NotEqual - subrelation = (rel.left.kind_of?(Arel::Attributes::Attribute) ? rel.left : rel.right) - subrelation.name == target_value - end - end - - bind_values.reject! { |col,_| col.name == target_value } - end - - def custom_join_ast(table, joins) - joins = joins.reject(&:blank?) - - return [] if joins.empty? - - joins.map! do |join| - case join - when Array - join = Arel.sql(join.join(' ')) if array_of_strings?(join) - when String - join = Arel.sql(join) - end - table.create_string_join(join) - end - end - - def collapse_wheres(arel, wheres) - predicates = wheres.map do |where| - next where if ::Arel::Nodes::Equality === where - where = Arel.sql(where) if String === where - Arel::Nodes::Grouping.new(where) - end - - arel.where(Arel::Nodes::And.new(predicates)) if predicates.present? - end - - def build_where(opts, other = []) - case opts - when String, Array - [@klass.send(:sanitize_sql, other.empty? ? opts : ([opts] + other))] - when Hash - opts = PredicateBuilder.resolve_column_aliases(klass, opts) - - bv_len = bind_values.length - tmp_opts, bind_values = create_binds(opts, bv_len) - self.bind_values += bind_values - - attributes = @klass.send(:expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates, tmp_opts) - attributes.values.grep(ActiveRecord::Relation) do |rel| - self.bind_values += rel.bind_values - end - - PredicateBuilder.build_from_hash(klass, attributes, table) - else - [opts] - end - end - - def create_binds(opts, idx) - bindable, non_binds = opts.partition do |column, value| - case value - when String, Integer, ActiveRecord::StatementCache::Substitute - @klass.columns_hash.include? column.to_s - else - false - end - end - - new_opts = {} - binds = [] - - bindable.each_with_index do |(column,value), index| - binds.push [@klass.columns_hash[column.to_s], value] - new_opts[column] = connection.substitute_at(column, index + idx) - end - - non_binds.each { |column,value| new_opts[column] = value } - - [new_opts, binds] + def association_for_table(table_name) + table_name = table_name.to_s + @klass._reflect_on_association(table_name) || + @klass._reflect_on_association(table_name.singularize) end def build_from - opts, name = from_value + opts = from_clause.value + name = from_clause.name case opts when Relation name ||= 'subquery' - self.bind_values = opts.bind_values + self.bind_values opts.arel.as(name.to_s) else opts @@ -1012,13 +952,14 @@ WARNING raise 'unknown class: %s' % join.class.name end end + buckets.default = [] - association_joins = buckets[:association_join] || [] - stashed_association_joins = buckets[:stashed_join] || [] - join_nodes = (buckets[:join_node] || []).uniq - string_joins = (buckets[:string_join] || []).map(&:strip).uniq + association_joins = buckets[:association_join] + stashed_association_joins = buckets[:stashed_join] + join_nodes = buckets[:join_node].uniq + string_joins = buckets[:string_join].map(&:strip).uniq - join_list = join_nodes + custom_join_ast(manager, string_joins) + join_list = join_nodes + convert_join_strings_to_ast(manager, string_joins) join_dependency = ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency.new( @klass, @@ -1038,17 +979,33 @@ WARNING manager end - def build_select(arel, selects) - if !selects.empty? - expanded_select = selects.map do |field| - columns_hash.key?(field.to_s) ? arel_table[field] : field - end - arel.project(*expanded_select) + def convert_join_strings_to_ast(table, joins) + joins + .flatten + .reject(&:blank?) + .map { |join| table.create_string_join(Arel.sql(join)) } + end + + def build_select(arel) + if select_values.any? + arel.project(*arel_columns(select_values.uniq)) else arel.project(@klass.arel_table[Arel.star]) end end + def arel_columns(columns) + columns.map do |field| + if (Symbol === field || String === field) && columns_hash.key?(field.to_s) && !from_clause.value + arel_table[field] + elsif Symbol === field + connection.quote_table_name(field.to_s) + else + field + end + end + end + def reverse_sql_order(order_query) order_query = ["#{quoted_table_name}.#{quoted_primary_key} ASC"] if order_query.empty? @@ -1067,10 +1024,6 @@ WARNING end end - def array_of_strings?(o) - o.is_a?(Array) && o.all? { |obj| obj.is_a?(String) } - end - def build_order(arel) orders = order_values.uniq orders.reject!(&:blank?) @@ -1122,8 +1075,8 @@ WARNING # # Example: # - # Post.references() # => raises an error - # Post.references([]) # => does not raise an error + # Post.references() # raises an error + # Post.references([]) # does not raise an error # # This particular method should be called with a method_name and the args # passed into that method as an input. For example: @@ -1137,5 +1090,25 @@ WARNING raise ArgumentError, "The method .#{method_name}() must contain arguments." end end + + def structurally_compatible_for_or?(other) + Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS.all? { |m| send("#{m}_value") == other.send("#{m}_value") } && + (Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS - [:extending]).all? { |m| send("#{m}_values") == other.send("#{m}_values") } && + (Relation::CLAUSE_METHODS - [:having, :where]).all? { |m| send("#{m}_clause") != other.send("#{m}_clause") } + end + + def new_where_clause + Relation::WhereClause.empty + end + alias new_having_clause new_where_clause + + def where_clause_factory + @where_clause_factory ||= Relation::WhereClauseFactory.new(klass, predicate_builder) + end + alias having_clause_factory where_clause_factory + + def new_from_clause + Relation::FromClause.empty + end end end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/record_fetch_warning.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/record_fetch_warning.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..14e1bf89fa --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/record_fetch_warning.rb @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class Relation + module RecordFetchWarning + # When this module is prepended to ActiveRecord::Relation and + # `config.active_record.warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than` is + # set to an integer, if the number of records a query returns is + # greater than the value of `warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than`, + # a warning is logged. This allows for the detection of queries that + # return a large number of records, which could cause memory bloat. + # + # In most cases, fetching large number of records can be performed + # efficiently using the ActiveRecord::Batches methods. + # See active_record/lib/relation/batches.rb for more information. + def exec_queries + QueryRegistry.reset + + super.tap do + if logger && warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than + if @records.length > warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than + logger.warn "Query fetched #{@records.size} #{@klass} records: #{QueryRegistry.queries.join(";")}" + end + end + end + end + + ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("sql.active_record") do |*args| + payload = args.last + + QueryRegistry.queries << payload[:sql] + end + + class QueryRegistry # :nodoc: + extend ActiveSupport::PerThreadRegistry + + attr_accessor :queries + + def initialize + reset + end + + def reset + @queries = [] + end + end + end + end +end + +ActiveRecord::Relation.prepend ActiveRecord::Relation::RecordFetchWarning diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb index 57d66bce4b..5c3318651a 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module ActiveRecord clone end - # Merges in the conditions from <tt>other</tt>, if <tt>other</tt> is an <tt>ActiveRecord::Relation</tt>. + # Merges in the conditions from <tt>other</tt>, if <tt>other</tt> is an ActiveRecord::Relation. # Returns an array representing the intersection of the resulting records with <tt>other</tt>, if <tt>other</tt> is an array. # Post.where(published: true).joins(:comments).merge( Comment.where(spam: false) ) # # Performs a single join query with both where conditions. @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module ActiveRecord elsif other spawn.merge!(other) else - self + raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{other.inspect}." end end @@ -58,16 +58,13 @@ module ActiveRecord # Post.order('id asc').only(:where) # discards the order condition # Post.order('id asc').only(:where, :order) # uses the specified order def only(*onlies) - if onlies.any? { |o| o == :where } - onlies << :bind - end relation_with values.slice(*onlies) end private def relation_with(values) # :nodoc: - result = Relation.create(klass, table, values) + result = Relation.create(klass, table, predicate_builder, values) result.extend(*extending_values) if extending_values.any? result end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1f000b3f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause.rb @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class Relation + class WhereClause # :nodoc: + attr_reader :binds + + delegate :any?, :empty?, to: :predicates + + def initialize(predicates, binds) + @predicates = predicates + @binds = binds + end + + def +(other) + WhereClause.new( + predicates + other.predicates, + binds + other.binds, + ) + end + + def merge(other) + WhereClause.new( + predicates_unreferenced_by(other) + other.predicates, + non_conflicting_binds(other) + other.binds, + ) + end + + def except(*columns) + WhereClause.new( + predicates_except(columns), + binds_except(columns), + ) + end + + def or(other) + if empty? + self + elsif other.empty? + other + else + WhereClause.new( + [ast.or(other.ast)], + binds + other.binds + ) + end + end + + def to_h(table_name = nil) + equalities = predicates.grep(Arel::Nodes::Equality) + if table_name + equalities = equalities.select do |node| + node.left.relation.name == table_name + end + end + + binds = self.binds.map { |attr| [attr.name, attr.value] }.to_h + + equalities.map { |node| + name = node.left.name + [name, binds.fetch(name.to_s) { + case node.right + when Array then node.right.map(&:val) + when Arel::Nodes::Casted, Arel::Nodes::Quoted + node.right.val + end + }] + }.to_h + end + + def ast + Arel::Nodes::And.new(predicates_with_wrapped_sql_literals) + end + + def ==(other) + other.is_a?(WhereClause) && + predicates == other.predicates && + binds == other.binds + end + + def invert + WhereClause.new(inverted_predicates, binds) + end + + def self.empty + new([], []) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :predicates + + def referenced_columns + @referenced_columns ||= begin + equality_nodes = predicates.select { |n| equality_node?(n) } + Set.new(equality_nodes, &:left) + end + end + + private + + def predicates_unreferenced_by(other) + predicates.reject do |n| + equality_node?(n) && other.referenced_columns.include?(n.left) + end + end + + def equality_node?(node) + node.respond_to?(:operator) && node.operator == :== + end + + def non_conflicting_binds(other) + conflicts = referenced_columns & other.referenced_columns + conflicts.map! { |node| node.name.to_s } + binds.reject { |attr| conflicts.include?(attr.name) } + end + + def inverted_predicates + predicates.map { |node| invert_predicate(node) } + end + + def invert_predicate(node) + case node + when NilClass + raise ArgumentError, 'Invalid argument for .where.not(), got nil.' + when Arel::Nodes::In + Arel::Nodes::NotIn.new(node.left, node.right) + when Arel::Nodes::Equality + Arel::Nodes::NotEqual.new(node.left, node.right) + when String + Arel::Nodes::Not.new(Arel::Nodes::SqlLiteral.new(node)) + else + Arel::Nodes::Not.new(node) + end + end + + def predicates_except(columns) + predicates.reject do |node| + case node + when Arel::Nodes::Between, Arel::Nodes::In, Arel::Nodes::NotIn, Arel::Nodes::Equality, Arel::Nodes::NotEqual, Arel::Nodes::LessThan, Arel::Nodes::LessThanOrEqual, Arel::Nodes::GreaterThan, Arel::Nodes::GreaterThanOrEqual + subrelation = (node.left.kind_of?(Arel::Attributes::Attribute) ? node.left : node.right) + columns.include?(subrelation.name.to_s) + end + end + end + + def binds_except(columns) + binds.reject do |attr| + columns.include?(attr.name) + end + end + + def predicates_with_wrapped_sql_literals + non_empty_predicates.map do |node| + if Arel::Nodes::Equality === node + node + else + wrap_sql_literal(node) + end + end + end + + def non_empty_predicates + predicates - [''] + end + + def wrap_sql_literal(node) + if ::String === node + node = Arel.sql(node) + end + Arel::Nodes::Grouping.new(node) + end + end + end +end diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause_factory.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause_factory.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a81ff98e49 --- /dev/null +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/where_clause_factory.rb @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +module ActiveRecord + class Relation + class WhereClauseFactory # :nodoc: + def initialize(klass, predicate_builder) + @klass = klass + @predicate_builder = predicate_builder + end + + def build(opts, other) + binds = [] + + case opts + when String, Array + parts = [klass.send(:sanitize_sql, other.empty? ? opts : ([opts] + other))] + when Hash + attributes = predicate_builder.resolve_column_aliases(opts) + attributes = klass.send(:expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates, attributes) + attributes.stringify_keys! + + attributes, binds = predicate_builder.create_binds(attributes) + + parts = predicate_builder.build_from_hash(attributes) + when Arel::Nodes::Node + parts = [opts] + else + raise ArgumentError, "Unsupported argument type: #{opts} (#{opts.class})" + end + + WhereClause.new(parts, binds) + end + + protected + + attr_reader :klass, :predicate_builder + end + end +end |