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-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb18
-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb49
-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb6
-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb81
-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb133
-rw-r--r--activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb17
6 files changed, 257 insertions, 47 deletions
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb
index af86771d2d..6bf3050af9 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb
@@ -166,6 +166,22 @@ module ActiveRecord
0
end
+ # This method is designed to perform select by a single column as direct SQL query
+ # Returns <tt>Array</tt> with values of the specified column name
+ # The values has same data type as column.
+ #
+ # Examples:
+ #
+ # Person.pluck(:id) # SELECT people.id FROM people
+ # Person.uniq.pluck(:role) # SELECT DISTINCT role FROM people
+ # Person.where(:confirmed => true).limit(5).pluck(:id)
+ #
+ def pluck(column_name)
+ klass.connection.select_all(select(column_name).arel).map! do |attributes|
+ klass.type_cast_attribute(attributes.keys.first, klass.initialize_attributes(attributes))
+ end
+ end
+
private
def perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options = {})
@@ -317,7 +333,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
def select_for_count
if @select_values.present?
select = @select_values.join(", ")
- select if select !~ /(,|\*)/
+ select if select !~ /[,*]/
end
end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5fdf437bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+ module Delegation
+ # Set up common delegations for performance (avoids method_missing)
+ delegate :to_xml, :to_yaml, :length, :collect, :map, :each, :all?, :include?, :to_ary, :to => :to_a
+ delegate :table_name, :quoted_table_name, :primary_key, :quoted_primary_key,
+ :connection, :columns_hash, :auto_explain_threshold_in_seconds, :to => :klass
+
+ def self.delegate_to_scoped_klass(method)
+ if method.to_s =~ /\A[a-zA-Z_]\w*[!?]?\z/
+ module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+ def #{method}(*args, &block)
+ scoping { @klass.#{method}(*args, &block) }
+ end
+ RUBY
+ else
+ module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+ def #{method}(*args, &block)
+ scoping { @klass.send(#{method.inspect}, *args, &block) }
+ end
+ RUBY
+ end
+ end
+
+ def respond_to?(method, include_private = false)
+ super || Array.method_defined?(method) ||
+ @klass.respond_to?(method, include_private) ||
+ arel.respond_to?(method, include_private)
+ end
+
+ protected
+
+ def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
+ if Array.method_defined?(method)
+ ::ActiveRecord::Delegation.delegate method, :to => :to_a
+ to_a.send(method, *args, &block)
+ elsif @klass.respond_to?(method)
+ ::ActiveRecord::Delegation.delegate_to_scoped_klass(method)
+ scoping { @klass.send(method, *args, &block) }
+ elsif arel.respond_to?(method)
+ ::ActiveRecord::Delegation.delegate method, :to => :arel
+ arel.send(method, *args, &block)
+ else
+ super
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb
index 7eeb3dde70..f1ac421a50 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
def last(*args)
if args.any?
if args.first.kind_of?(Integer) || (loaded? && !args.first.kind_of?(Hash))
- if order_values.empty? && reorder_value.nil?
+ if order_values.empty?
order("#{primary_key} DESC").limit(*args).reverse
else
to_a.last(*args)
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
def exists?(id = false)
return false if id.nil?
- id = id.id if ActiveRecord::Base === id
+ id = id.id if ActiveRecord::Model === id
join_dependency = construct_join_dependency_for_association_find
relation = construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency)
- relation = relation.except(:select).select("1").limit(1)
+ relation = relation.except(:select, :order).select("1").limit(1)
case id
when Array, Hash
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
index 7e8ddd1b5d..1d04e763f6 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
@@ -15,42 +15,61 @@ module ActiveRecord
table = Arel::Table.new(table_name, engine)
end
- attribute = table[column.to_sym]
-
- case value
- when ActiveRecord::Relation
- value = value.select(value.klass.arel_table[value.klass.primary_key]) if value.select_values.empty?
- attribute.in(value.arel.ast)
- when Array, ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy
- values = value.to_a.map { |x|
- x.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Base) ? x.id : x
- }
-
- if values.include?(nil)
- values = values.compact
- if values.empty?
- attribute.eq nil
- else
- attribute.in(values.compact).or attribute.eq(nil)
- end
+ build(table[column.to_sym], value)
+ end
+ end
+ predicates.flatten
+ end
+
+ def self.references(attributes)
+ references = attributes.map do |key, value|
+ if value.is_a?(Hash)
+ key
+ else
+ key = key.to_s
+ key.split('.').first.to_sym if key.include?('.')
+ end
+ end
+ references.compact
+ end
+
+ private
+ def self.build(attribute, value)
+ case value
+ when ActiveRecord::Relation
+ value = value.select(value.klass.arel_table[value.klass.primary_key]) if value.select_values.empty?
+ attribute.in(value.arel.ast)
+ when Array, ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy
+ values = value.to_a.map {|x| x.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Model) ? x.id : x}
+ ranges, values = values.partition {|v| v.is_a?(Range) || v.is_a?(Arel::Relation)}
+
+ array_predicates = ranges.map {|range| attribute.in(range)}
+
+ if values.include?(nil)
+ values = values.compact
+ case values.length
+ when 0
+ array_predicates << attribute.eq(nil)
+ when 1
+ array_predicates << attribute.eq(values.first).or(attribute.eq(nil))
else
- attribute.in(values)
+ array_predicates << attribute.in(values).or(attribute.eq(nil))
end
-
- when Range, Arel::Relation
- attribute.in(value)
- when ActiveRecord::Base
- attribute.eq(value.id)
- when Class
- # FIXME: I think we need to deprecate this behavior
- attribute.eq(value.name)
else
- attribute.eq(value)
+ array_predicates << attribute.in(values)
end
+
+ array_predicates.inject {|composite, predicate| composite.or(predicate)}
+ when Range, Arel::Relation
+ attribute.in(value)
+ when ActiveRecord::Model
+ attribute.eq(value.id)
+ when Class
+ # FIXME: I think we need to deprecate this behavior
+ attribute.eq(value.name)
+ else
+ attribute.eq(value)
end
end
-
- predicates.flatten
- end
end
end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
index a11b7a3864..b6d762c2e2 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
:select_values, :group_values, :order_values, :joins_values,
:where_values, :having_values, :bind_values,
:limit_value, :offset_value, :lock_value, :readonly_value, :create_with_value,
- :from_value, :reorder_value, :reverse_order_value
+ :from_value, :reordering_value, :reverse_order_value,
+ :uniq_value, :references_values
def includes(*args)
args.reject! {|a| a.blank? }
@@ -37,6 +38,53 @@ module ActiveRecord
relation
end
+ # Used to indicate that an association is referenced by an SQL string, and should
+ # therefore be JOINed in any query rather than loaded separately.
+ #
+ # For example:
+ #
+ # User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'")
+ # # => Doesn't JOIN the posts table, resulting in an error.
+ #
+ # User.includes(:posts).where("posts.name = 'foo'").references(:posts)
+ # # => Query now knows the string references posts, so adds a JOIN
+ def references(*args)
+ return self if args.blank?
+
+ relation = clone
+ relation.references_values = (references_values + args.flatten.map(&:to_s)).uniq
+ relation
+ end
+
+ # Works in two unique ways.
+ #
+ # First: takes a block so it can be used just like Array#select.
+ #
+ # Model.scoped.select { |m| m.field == value }
+ #
+ # This will build an array of objects from the database for the scope,
+ # converting them into an array and iterating through them using Array#select.
+ #
+ # Second: Modifies the SELECT statement for the query so that only certain
+ # fields are retrieved:
+ #
+ # >> Model.select(:field)
+ # => [#<Model field:value>]
+ #
+ # Although in the above example it looks as though this method returns an
+ # array, it actually returns a relation object and can have other query
+ # methods appended to it, such as the other methods in ActiveRecord::QueryMethods.
+ #
+ # The argument to the method can also be an array of fields.
+ #
+ # >> Model.select([:field, :other_field, :and_one_more])
+ # => [#<Model field: "value", other_field: "value", and_one_more: "value">]
+ #
+ # Accessing attributes of an object that do not have fields retrieved by a select
+ # will throw <tt>ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError</tt>:
+ #
+ # >> Model.select(:field).first.other_field
+ # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: other_field
def select(value = Proc.new)
if block_given?
to_a.select {|*block_args| value.call(*block_args) }
@@ -58,16 +106,33 @@ module ActiveRecord
def order(*args)
return self if args.blank?
+ args = args.flatten
+ references = args.reject { |arg| Arel::Node === arg }
+ .map { |arg| arg =~ /^([a-zA-Z]\w*)\.(\w+)/ && $1 }
+ .compact
+
relation = clone
- relation.order_values += args.flatten
+ relation = relation.references(references) if references.any?
+ relation.order_values += args
relation
end
+ # Replaces any existing order defined on the relation with the specified order.
+ #
+ # User.order('email DESC').reorder('id ASC') # generated SQL has 'ORDER BY id ASC'
+ #
+ # Subsequent calls to order on the same relation will be appended. For example:
+ #
+ # User.order('email DESC').reorder('id ASC').order('name ASC')
+ #
+ # generates a query with 'ORDER BY id ASC, name ASC'.
+ #
def reorder(*args)
return self if args.blank?
relation = clone
- relation.reorder_value = args.flatten
+ relation.reordering_value = true
+ relation.order_values = args.flatten
relation
end
@@ -92,6 +157,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
return self if opts.blank?
relation = clone
+ relation = relation.references(PredicateBuilder.references(opts)) if Hash === opts
relation.where_values += build_where(opts, rest)
relation
end
@@ -100,6 +166,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
return self if opts.blank?
relation = clone
+ relation = relation.references(PredicateBuilder.references(opts)) if Hash === opts
relation.having_values += build_where(opts, rest)
relation
end
@@ -129,6 +196,39 @@ module ActiveRecord
relation
end
+ # Returns a chainable relation with zero records, specifically an
+ # instance of the NullRelation class.
+ #
+ # The returned NullRelation inherits from Relation and implements the
+ # Null Object pattern so it is an object with defined null behavior:
+ # it always returns an empty array of records and does not query the database.
+ #
+ # Any subsequent condition chained to the returned relation will continue
+ # generating an empty relation and will not fire any query to the database.
+ #
+ # This is useful in scenarios where you need a chainable response to a method
+ # or a scope that could return zero results.
+ #
+ # For example:
+ #
+ # @posts = current_user.visible_posts.where(:name => params[:name])
+ # # => the visible_posts method is expected to return a chainable Relation
+ #
+ # def visible_posts
+ # case role
+ # when 'Country Manager'
+ # Post.where(:country => country)
+ # when 'Reviewer'
+ # Post.published
+ # when 'Bad User'
+ # Post.none # => returning [] instead breaks the previous code
+ # end
+ # end
+ #
+ def none
+ NullRelation.new(@klass, @table)
+ end
+
def readonly(value = true)
relation = clone
relation.readonly_value = value
@@ -147,9 +247,25 @@ module ActiveRecord
relation
end
+ # Specifies whether the records should be unique or not. For example:
+ #
+ # User.select(:name)
+ # # => Might return two records with the same name
+ #
+ # User.select(:name).uniq
+ # # => Returns 1 record per unique name
+ #
+ # User.select(:name).uniq.uniq(false)
+ # # => You can also remove the uniqueness
+ def uniq(value = true)
+ relation = clone
+ relation.uniq_value = value
+ relation
+ end
+
# Used to extend a scope with additional methods, either through
- # a module or through a block provided.
- #
+ # a module or through a block provided.
+ #
# The object returned is a relation, which can be further extended.
#
# === Using a module
@@ -171,7 +287,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
#
# scope = Model.scoped.extending do
# def page(number)
- # # pagination code goes here
+ # # pagination code goes here
# end
# end
# scope.page(params[:page])
@@ -180,7 +296,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
#
# scope = Model.scoped.extending(Pagination) do
# def per_page(number)
- # # pagination code goes here
+ # # pagination code goes here
# end
# end
def extending(*modules)
@@ -217,12 +333,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
arel.group(*@group_values.uniq.reject{|g| g.blank?}) unless @group_values.empty?
- order = @reorder_value ? @reorder_value : @order_values
+ order = @order_values
order = reverse_sql_order(order) if @reverse_order_value
arel.order(*order.uniq.reject{|o| o.blank?}) unless order.empty?
build_select(arel, @select_values.uniq)
+ arel.distinct(@uniq_value)
arel.from(@from_value) if @from_value
arel.lock(@lock_value) if @lock_value
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
index ba882beca9..7131aa29b6 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
end
end
- (Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS - [:joins, :where]).each do |method|
+ (Relation::MULTI_VALUE_METHODS - [:joins, :where, :order]).each do |method|
value = r.send(:"#{method}_values")
merged_relation.send(:"#{method}_values=", merged_relation.send(:"#{method}_values") + value) if value.present?
end
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
merged_relation.where_values = merged_wheres
- (Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS - [:lock, :create_with]).each do |method|
+ (Relation::SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS - [:lock, :create_with, :reordering]).each do |method|
value = r.send(:"#{method}_value")
merged_relation.send(:"#{method}_value=", value) unless value.nil?
end
@@ -57,6 +57,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
merged_relation = merged_relation.create_with(r.create_with_value) unless r.create_with_value.empty?
+ if (r.reordering_value)
+ # override any order specified in the original relation
+ merged_relation.reordering_value = true
+ merged_relation.order_values = r.order_values
+ else
+ # merge in order_values from r
+ merged_relation.order_values += r.order_values
+ end
+
# Apply scope extension modules
merged_relation.send :apply_modules, r.extensions
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
result
end
- VALID_FIND_OPTIONS = [ :conditions, :include, :joins, :limit, :offset, :extend,
+ VALID_FIND_OPTIONS = [ :conditions, :include, :joins, :limit, :offset, :extend, :references,
:order, :select, :readonly, :group, :having, :from, :lock ]
def apply_finder_options(options)
@@ -124,7 +133,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
finders = options.dup
finders.delete_if { |key, value| value.nil? && key != :limit }
- ([:joins, :select, :group, :order, :having, :limit, :offset, :from, :lock, :readonly] & finders.keys).each do |finder|
+ ((VALID_FIND_OPTIONS - [:conditions, :include, :extend]) & finders.keys).each do |finder|
relation = relation.send(finder, finders[finder])
end