diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb')
| -rw-r--r-- | activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb | 390 |
1 files changed, 291 insertions, 99 deletions
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb index 7ddaea1bb0..357861caaa 100644 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb @@ -1,19 +1,27 @@ +require 'active_support/deprecation' +require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters' + module ActiveRecord module FinderMethods + ONE_AS_ONE = '1 AS one' + # Find by id - This can either be a specific id (1), a list of ids (1, 5, 6), or an array of ids ([5, 6, 10]). # If no record can be found for all of the listed ids, then RecordNotFound will be raised. If the primary key # is an integer, find by id coerces its arguments using +to_i+. # - # Person.find(1) # returns the object for ID = 1 - # Person.find("1") # returns the object for ID = 1 - # Person.find(1, 2, 6) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (1, 2, 6) - # Person.find([7, 17]) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (7, 17) - # Person.find([1]) # returns an array for the object with ID = 1 + # Person.find(1) # returns the object for ID = 1 + # Person.find("1") # returns the object for ID = 1 + # Person.find("31-sarah") # returns the object for ID = 31 + # Person.find(1, 2, 6) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (1, 2, 6) + # Person.find([7, 17]) # returns an array for objects with IDs in (7, 17) + # Person.find([1]) # returns an array for the object with ID = 1 # Person.where("administrator = 1").order("created_on DESC").find(1) # - # Note that returned records may not be in the same order as the ids you - # provide since database rows are unordered. Give an explicit <tt>order</tt> - # to ensure the results are sorted. + # <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> will be raised if one or more ids are not found. + # + # NOTE: The returned records may not be in the same order as the ids you + # provide since database rows are unordered. You'd need to provide an explicit <tt>order</tt> + # option if you want the results are sorted. # # ==== Find with lock # @@ -28,16 +36,44 @@ module ActiveRecord # person.visits += 1 # person.save! # end + # + # ==== Variations of +find+ + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4) + # # returns a chainable list (which can be empty). + # + # Person.find_by(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4) + # # returns the first item or nil. + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).first_or_initialize + # # returns the first item or returns a new instance (requires you call .save to persist against the database). + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).first_or_create + # # returns the first item or creates it and returns it, available since Rails 3.2.1. + # + # ==== Alternatives for +find+ + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).exists?(conditions = :none) + # # returns a boolean indicating if any record with the given conditions exist. + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).select("field1, field2, field3") + # # returns a chainable list of instances with only the mentioned fields. + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).ids + # # returns an Array of ids, available since Rails 3.2.1. + # + # Person.where(name: 'Spartacus', rating: 4).pluck(:field1, :field2) + # # returns an Array of the required fields, available since Rails 3.1. def find(*args) if block_given? - to_a.find { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } + to_a.find(*args) { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) } else find_with_ids(*args) end end # Finds the first record matching the specified conditions. There - # is no implied ording so if order matters, you should specify it + # is no implied ordering so if order matters, you should specify it # yourself. # # If no record is found, returns <tt>nil</tt>. @@ -46,19 +82,23 @@ module ActiveRecord # Post.find_by "published_at < ?", 2.weeks.ago def find_by(*args) where(*args).take + rescue RangeError + nil end # Like <tt>find_by</tt>, except that if no record is found, raises # an <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> error. def find_by!(*args) where(*args).take! + rescue RangeError + raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with an out of range value" end # Gives a record (or N records if a parameter is supplied) without any implied # order. The order will depend on the database implementation. # If an order is supplied it will be respected. # - # Person.take # returns an object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.take # returns an object fetched by SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1 # Person.take(5) # returns 5 objects fetched by SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 5 # Person.where(["name LIKE '%?'", name]).take def take(limit = nil) @@ -68,7 +108,7 @@ module ActiveRecord # Same as +take+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record # is found. Note that <tt>take!</tt> accepts no arguments. def take! - take or raise RecordNotFound + take or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") end # Find the first record (or first N records if a parameter is supplied). @@ -79,22 +119,31 @@ module ActiveRecord # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).first # Person.order("created_on DESC").offset(5).first # Person.first(3) # returns the first three objects fetched by SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 3 + # + # ==== Rails 3 + # + # Person.first # SELECT "people".* FROM "people" LIMIT 1 + # + # NOTE: Rails 3 may not order this query by the primary key and the order + # will depend on the database implementation. In order to ensure that behavior, + # use <tt>User.order(:id).first</tt> instead. + # + # ==== Rails 4 + # + # Person.first # SELECT "people".* FROM "people" ORDER BY "people"."id" ASC LIMIT 1 + # def first(limit = nil) if limit - if order_values.empty? && primary_key - order(arel_table[primary_key].asc).limit(limit).to_a - else - limit(limit).to_a - end + find_nth_with_limit(offset_index, limit) else - find_first + find_nth(0, offset_index) end end # Same as +first+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record # is found. Note that <tt>first!</tt> accepts no arguments. def first! - first or raise RecordNotFound + find_nth! 0 end # Find the last record (or last N records if a parameter is supplied). @@ -127,7 +176,87 @@ module ActiveRecord # Same as +last+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record # is found. Note that <tt>last!</tt> accepts no arguments. def last! - last or raise RecordNotFound + last or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") + end + + # Find the second record. + # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. + # + # Person.second # returns the second object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.offset(3).second # returns the second object from OFFSET 3 (which is OFFSET 4) + # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).second + def second + find_nth(1, offset_index) + end + + # Same as +second+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # is found. + def second! + find_nth! 1 + end + + # Find the third record. + # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. + # + # Person.third # returns the third object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.offset(3).third # returns the third object from OFFSET 3 (which is OFFSET 5) + # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).third + def third + find_nth(2, offset_index) + end + + # Same as +third+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # is found. + def third! + find_nth! 2 + end + + # Find the fourth record. + # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. + # + # Person.fourth # returns the fourth object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.offset(3).fourth # returns the fourth object from OFFSET 3 (which is OFFSET 6) + # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).fourth + def fourth + find_nth(3, offset_index) + end + + # Same as +fourth+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # is found. + def fourth! + find_nth! 3 + end + + # Find the fifth record. + # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. + # + # Person.fifth # returns the fifth object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.offset(3).fifth # returns the fifth object from OFFSET 3 (which is OFFSET 7) + # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).fifth + def fifth + find_nth(4, offset_index) + end + + # Same as +fifth+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # is found. + def fifth! + find_nth! 4 + end + + # Find the forty-second record. Also known as accessing "the reddit". + # If no order is defined it will order by primary key. + # + # Person.forty_two # returns the forty-second object fetched by SELECT * FROM people + # Person.offset(3).forty_two # returns the forty-second object from OFFSET 3 (which is OFFSET 44) + # Person.where(["user_name = :u", { u: user_name }]).forty_two + def forty_two + find_nth(41, offset_index) + end + + # Same as +forty_two+ but raises <tt>ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound</tt> if no record + # is found. + def forty_two! + find_nth! 41 end # Returns +true+ if a record exists in the table that matches the +id+ or @@ -137,14 +266,14 @@ module ActiveRecord # * String - Finds the record with a primary key corresponding to this # string (such as <tt>'5'</tt>). # * Array - Finds the record that matches these +find+-style conditions - # (such as <tt>['color = ?', 'red']</tt>). + # (such as <tt>['name LIKE ?', "%#{query}%"]</tt>). # * Hash - Finds the record that matches these +find+-style conditions - # (such as <tt>{color: 'red'}</tt>). + # (such as <tt>{name: 'David'}</tt>). # * +false+ - Returns always +false+. # * No args - Returns +false+ if the table is empty, +true+ otherwise. # - # For more information about specifying conditions as a Hash or Array, - # see the Conditions section in the introduction to ActiveRecord::Base. + # For more information about specifying conditions as a hash or array, + # see the Conditions section in the introduction to <tt>ActiveRecord::Base</tt>. # # Note: You can't pass in a condition as a string (like <tt>name = # 'Jamie'</tt>), since it would be sanitized and then queried against @@ -153,87 +282,147 @@ module ActiveRecord # Person.exists?(5) # Person.exists?('5') # Person.exists?(['name LIKE ?', "%#{query}%"]) + # Person.exists?(id: [1, 4, 8]) # Person.exists?(name: 'David') # Person.exists?(false) # Person.exists? def exists?(conditions = :none) - conditions = conditions.id if Base === conditions + if Base === conditions + conditions = conditions.id + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `exists?`. + Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id` + MSG + end + return false if !conditions - join_dependency = construct_join_dependency_for_association_find - relation = construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency) - relation = relation.except(:select, :order).select("1 AS one").limit(1) + relation = apply_join_dependency(self, construct_join_dependency) + return false if ActiveRecord::NullRelation === relation + + relation = relation.except(:select, :order).select(ONE_AS_ONE).limit(1) case conditions when Array, Hash relation = relation.where(conditions) else - relation = relation.where(table[primary_key].eq(conditions)) if conditions != :none + unless conditions == :none + relation = where(primary_key => conditions) + end end - connection.select_value(relation, "#{name} Exists", relation.bind_values) - rescue ThrowResult - false + connection.select_value(relation, "#{name} Exists", relation.arel.bind_values + relation.bind_values) ? true : false end - protected + # This method is called whenever no records are found with either a single + # id or multiple ids and raises a +ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound+ exception. + # + # The error message is different depending on whether a single id or + # multiple ids are provided. If multiple ids are provided, then the number + # of results obtained should be provided in the +result_size+ argument and + # the expected number of results should be provided in the +expected_size+ + # argument. + def raise_record_not_found_exception!(ids, result_size, expected_size) #:nodoc: + conditions = arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine) + conditions = " [#{conditions}]" if conditions + + if Array(ids).size == 1 + error = "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with '#{primary_key}'=#{ids}#{conditions}" + else + error = "Couldn't find all #{@klass.name.pluralize} with '#{primary_key}': " + error << "(#{ids.join(", ")})#{conditions} (found #{result_size} results, but was looking for #{expected_size})" + end - def find_with_associations - join_dependency = construct_join_dependency_for_association_find - relation = construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency) - rows = connection.select_all(relation, 'SQL', relation.bind_values.dup) - join_dependency.instantiate(rows) - rescue ThrowResult - [] + raise RecordNotFound, error end - def construct_join_dependency_for_association_find - including = (eager_load_values + includes_values).uniq - ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency.new(@klass, including, []) - end + private - def construct_relation_for_association_calculations - including = (eager_load_values + includes_values).uniq - join_dependency = ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency.new(@klass, including, arel.froms.first) - relation = except(:includes, :eager_load, :preload) - apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency) + def offset_index + offset_value || 0 end - def construct_relation_for_association_find(join_dependency) - relation = except(:includes, :eager_load, :preload, :select).select(join_dependency.columns) - apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency) - end + def find_with_associations + # NOTE: the JoinDependency constructed here needs to know about + # any joins already present in `self`, so pass them in + # + # failing to do so means that in cases like activerecord/test/cases/associations/inner_join_association_test.rb:136 + # incorrect SQL is generated. In that case, the join dependency for + # SpecialCategorizations is constructed without knowledge of the + # preexisting join in joins_values to categorizations (by way of + # the `has_many :through` for categories). + # + join_dependency = construct_join_dependency(joins_values) + + aliases = join_dependency.aliases + relation = select aliases.columns + relation = apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency) - def apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency) - join_dependency.join_associations.each do |association| - relation = association.join_relation(relation) + if block_given? + yield relation + else + if ActiveRecord::NullRelation === relation + [] + else + arel = relation.arel + rows = connection.select_all(arel, 'SQL', arel.bind_values + relation.bind_values) + join_dependency.instantiate(rows, aliases) + end end + end - limitable_reflections = using_limitable_reflections?(join_dependency.reflections) + def construct_join_dependency(joins = []) + including = eager_load_values + includes_values + ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency.new(@klass, including, joins) + end - if !limitable_reflections && relation.limit_value - limited_id_condition = construct_limited_ids_condition(relation.except(:select)) - relation = relation.where(limited_id_condition) + def construct_relation_for_association_calculations + from = arel.froms.first + if Arel::Table === from + apply_join_dependency(self, construct_join_dependency) + else + # FIXME: as far as I can tell, `from` will always be an Arel::Table. + # There are no tests that test this branch, but presumably it's + # possible for `from` to be a list? + apply_join_dependency(self, construct_join_dependency(from)) end + end - relation = relation.except(:limit, :offset) unless limitable_reflections + def apply_join_dependency(relation, join_dependency) + relation = relation.except(:includes, :eager_load, :preload) + relation = relation.joins join_dependency - relation + if using_limitable_reflections?(join_dependency.reflections) + relation + else + if relation.limit_value + limited_ids = limited_ids_for(relation) + limited_ids.empty? ? relation.none! : relation.where!(table[primary_key].in(limited_ids)) + end + relation.except(:limit, :offset) + end end - def construct_limited_ids_condition(relation) - orders = relation.order_values.map { |val| val.presence }.compact - values = @klass.connection.distinct("#{quoted_table_name}.#{primary_key}", orders) + def limited_ids_for(relation) + values = @klass.connection.columns_for_distinct( + "#{quoted_table_name}.#{quoted_primary_key}", relation.order_values) - relation = relation.dup.select(values) + relation = relation.except(:select).select(values).distinct! + arel = relation.arel - id_rows = @klass.connection.select_all(relation.arel, 'SQL', relation.bind_values) - ids_array = id_rows.map {|row| row[primary_key]} + id_rows = @klass.connection.select_all(arel, 'SQL', arel.bind_values + relation.bind_values) + id_rows.map {|row| row[primary_key]} + end - ids_array.empty? ? raise(ThrowResult) : table[primary_key].in(ids_array) + def using_limitable_reflections?(reflections) + reflections.none?(&:collection?) end + protected + def find_with_ids(*ids) + raise UnknownPrimaryKey.new(@klass) if primary_key.nil? + expects_array = ids.first.kind_of?(Array) return ids.first if expects_array && ids.first.empty? @@ -248,28 +437,29 @@ module ActiveRecord else find_some(ids) end + rescue RangeError + raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with an out of range ID" end def find_one(id) - id = id.id if ActiveRecord::Base === id + if ActiveRecord::Base === id + id = id.id + ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) + You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `find`. + Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id` + MSG + end - column = columns_hash[primary_key] - substitute = connection.substitute_at(column, bind_values.length) - relation = where(table[primary_key].eq(substitute)) - relation.bind_values += [[column, id]] + relation = where(primary_key => id) record = relation.take - unless record - conditions = arel.where_sql - conditions = " [#{conditions}]" if conditions - raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with #{primary_key}=#{id}#{conditions}" - end + raise_record_not_found_exception!(id, 0, 1) unless record record end def find_some(ids) - result = where(table[primary_key].in(ids)).to_a + result = where(primary_key => ids).to_a expected_size = if limit_value && ids.size > limit_value @@ -286,12 +476,7 @@ module ActiveRecord if result.size == expected_size result else - conditions = arel.where_sql - conditions = " [#{conditions}]" if conditions - - error = "Couldn't find all #{@klass.name.pluralize} with IDs " - error << "(#{ids.join(", ")})#{conditions} (found #{result.size} results, but was looking for #{expected_size})" - raise RecordNotFound, error + raise_record_not_found_exception!(ids, result.size, expected_size) end end @@ -303,34 +488,41 @@ module ActiveRecord end end - def find_first + def find_nth(index, offset) if loaded? - @records.first + @records[index] else - @first ||= - if with_default_scope.order_values.empty? && primary_key - order(arel_table[primary_key].asc).limit(1).to_a.first - else - limit(1).to_a.first - end + offset += index + @offsets[offset] ||= find_nth_with_limit(offset, 1).first end end + def find_nth!(index) + find_nth(index, offset_index) or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{@klass.name} with [#{arel.where_sql(@klass.arel_engine)}]") + end + + def find_nth_with_limit(offset, limit) + relation = if order_values.empty? && primary_key + order(arel_table[primary_key].asc) + else + self + end + + relation = relation.offset(offset) unless offset.zero? + relation.limit(limit).to_a + end + def find_last if loaded? @records.last else @last ||= - if offset_value || limit_value + if limit_value to_a.last else reverse_order.limit(1).to_a.first end end end - - def using_limitable_reflections?(reflections) - reflections.none? { |r| r.collection? } - end end end |