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-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/url.rb6
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb9
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb166
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb14
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/layout.erb20
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb7
-rw-r--r--actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb13
7 files changed, 144 insertions, 91 deletions
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/url.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/url.rb
index bced7d84c0..43f26d696d 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/url.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/http/url.rb
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ module ActionDispatch
params.reject! { |_,v| v.to_param.nil? }
result = build_host_url(options)
- result << (options[:trailing_slash] ? path.sub(/\?|\z/) { "/" + $& } : path)
+ if options[:trailing_slash] && !path.ends_with?('/')
+ result << path.sub(/(\?|\z)/) { "/" + $& }
+ else
+ result << path
+ end
result << "?#{params.to_query}" unless params.empty?
result << "##{Journey::Router::Utils.escape_fragment(options[:anchor].to_param.to_s)}" if options[:anchor]
result
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb
index 4a344f71af..cf755bfbeb 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/formatter.rb
@@ -37,19 +37,16 @@ module ActionDispatch
private
def extract_parameterized_parts(route, options, recall, parameterize = nil)
- constraints = recall.merge(options)
- data = constraints.dup
+ parameterized_parts = recall.merge(options)
keys_to_keep = route.parts.reverse.drop_while { |part|
!options.key?(part) || (options[part] || recall[part]).nil?
} | route.required_parts
- (data.keys - keys_to_keep).each do |bad_key|
- data.delete(bad_key)
+ (parameterized_parts.keys - keys_to_keep).each do |bad_key|
+ parameterized_parts.delete(bad_key)
end
- parameterized_parts = data.dup
-
if parameterize
parameterized_parts.each do |k, v|
parameterized_parts[k] = parameterize.call(k, v)
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb
index 5abf8f2802..4e36c9bb49 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,59 @@
module ActionDispatch
+ # This middleware calculates the IP address of the remote client that is
+ # making the request. It does this by checking various headers that could
+ # contain the address, and then picking the last-set address that is not
+ # on the list of trusted IPs. This follows the precendent set by e.g.
+ # {the Tomcat server}[https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50453],
+ # with {reasoning explained at length}[http://blog.gingerlime.com/2012/rails-ip-spoofing-vulnerabilities-and-protection]
+ # by @gingerlime. A more detailed explanation of the algorithm is given
+ # at GetIp#calculate_ip.
+ #
+ # Some Rack servers concatenate repeated headers, like {HTTP RFC 2616}[http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.2]
+ # requires. Some Rack servers simply drop preceeding headers, and only report
+ # the value that was {given in the last header}[http://andre.arko.net/2011/12/26/repeated-headers-and-ruby-web-servers].
+ # If you are behind multiple proxy servers (like Nginx to HAProxy to Unicorn)
+ # then you should test your Rack server to make sure your data is good.
+ #
+ # IF YOU DON'T USE A PROXY, THIS MAKES YOU VULNERABLE TO IP SPOOFING.
+ # This middleware assumes that there is at least one proxy sitting around
+ # and setting headers with the client's remote IP address. If you don't use
+ # a proxy, because you are hosted on e.g. Heroku without SSL, any client can
+ # claim to have any IP address by setting the X-Forwarded-For header. If you
+ # care about that, then you need to explicitly drop or ignore those headers
+ # sometime before this middleware runs.
class RemoteIp
- class IpSpoofAttackError < StandardError ; end
+ class IpSpoofAttackError < StandardError; end
- # IP addresses that are "trusted proxies" that can be stripped from
- # the comma-delimited list in the X-Forwarded-For header. See also:
- # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network#Private_IPv4_address_spaces
- # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network#Private_IPv6_addresses.
+ # The default trusted IPs list simply includes IP addresses that are
+ # guaranteed by the IP specification to be private addresses. Those will
+ # not be the ultimate client IP in production, and so are discarded. See
+ # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network for details.
TRUSTED_PROXIES = %r{
- ^127\.0\.0\.1$ | # localhost
- ^::1$ |
- ^(10 | # private IP 10.x.x.x
- 172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-1]) | # private IP in the range 172.16.0.0 .. 172.31.255.255
- 192\.168 | # private IP 192.168.x.x
- fc00:: # private IP fc00
- )\.
+ ^127\.0\.0\.1$ | # localhost IPv4
+ ^::1$ | # localhost IPv6
+ ^fc00: | # private IPv6 range fc00
+ ^10\. | # private IPv4 range 10.x.x.x
+ ^172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-1])\.| # private IPv4 range 172.16.0.0 .. 172.31.255.255
+ ^192\.168\. # private IPv4 range 192.168.x.x
}x
attr_reader :check_ip, :proxies
+ # Create a new +RemoteIp+ middleware instance.
+ #
+ # The +check_ip_spoofing+ option is on by default. When on, an exception
+ # is raised if it looks like the client is trying to lie about its own IP
+ # address. It makes sense to turn off this check on sites aimed at non-IP
+ # clients (like WAP devices), or behind proxies that set headers in an
+ # incorrect or confusing way (like AWS ELB).
+ #
+ # The +custom_trusted+ argument can take a regex, which will be used
+ # instead of +TRUSTED_PROXIES+, or a string, which will be used in addition
+ # to +TRUSTED_PROXIES+. Any proxy setup will put the value you want in the
+ # middle (or at the beginning) of the X-Forwarded-For list, with your proxy
+ # servers after it. If your proxies aren't removed, pass them in via the
+ # +custom_trusted+ parameter. That way, the middleware will ignore those
+ # IP addresses, and return the one that you want.
def initialize(app, check_ip_spoofing = true, custom_proxies = nil)
@app = app
@check_ip = check_ip_spoofing
@@ -31,15 +67,23 @@ module ActionDispatch
end
end
+ # Since the IP address may not be needed, we store the object here
+ # without calculating the IP to keep from slowing down the majority of
+ # requests. For those requests that do need to know the IP, the
+ # GetIp#calculate_ip method will calculate the memoized client IP address.
def call(env)
env["action_dispatch.remote_ip"] = GetIp.new(env, self)
@app.call(env)
end
+ # The GetIp class exists as a way to defer processing of the request data
+ # into an actual IP address. If the ActionDispatch::Request#remote_ip method
+ # is called, this class will calculate the value and then memoize it.
class GetIp
- # IP v4 and v6 (with compression) validation regexp
- # https://gist.github.com/1289635
+ # This constant contains a regular expression that validates every known
+ # form of IP v4 and v6 address, with or without abbreviations, adapted
+ # from {this gist}[https://gist.github.com/1289635].
VALID_IP = %r{
(^(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[0-9]{1,2})(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[0-9]{1,2})){3}$) | # ip v4
(^(
@@ -63,62 +107,78 @@ module ActionDispatch
}x
def initialize(env, middleware)
- @env = env
- @middleware = middleware
- @ip = nil
+ @env = env
+ @check_ip = middleware.check_ip
+ @proxies = middleware.proxies
end
- # Determines originating IP address. REMOTE_ADDR is the standard
- # but will be wrong if the user is behind a proxy. Proxies will set
- # HTTP_CLIENT_IP and/or HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, so we prioritize those.
- # HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR may be a comma-delimited list in the case of
- # multiple chained proxies. The first address which is in this list
- # if it's not a known proxy will be the originating IP.
- # Format of HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR:
- # client_ip, proxy_ip1, proxy_ip2...
- # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
+ # Sort through the various IP address headers, looking for the IP most
+ # likely to be the address of the actual remote client making this
+ # request.
+ #
+ # REMOTE_ADDR will be correct if the request is made directly against the
+ # Ruby process, on e.g. Heroku. When the request is proxied by another
+ # server like HAProxy or Nginx, the IP address that made the original
+ # request will be put in an X-Forwarded-For header. If there are multiple
+ # proxies, that header may contain a list of IPs. Other proxy services
+ # set the Client-Ip header instead, so we check that too.
+ #
+ # As discussed in {this post about Rails IP Spoofing}[http://blog.gingerlime.com/2012/rails-ip-spoofing-vulnerabilities-and-protection/],
+ # while the first IP in the list is likely to be the "originating" IP,
+ # it could also have been set by the client maliciously.
+ #
+ # In order to find the first address that is (probably) accurate, we
+ # take the list of IPs, remove known and trusted proxies, and then take
+ # the last address left, which was presumably set by one of those proxies.
def calculate_ip
- client_ip = @env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']
- forwarded_ip = ips_from('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR').first
- remote_addrs = ips_from('REMOTE_ADDR')
-
- check_ip = client_ip && @middleware.check_ip
- if check_ip && forwarded_ip != client_ip
+ # Set by the Rack web server, this is a single value.
+ remote_addr = ips_from('REMOTE_ADDR').last
+
+ # Could be a CSV list and/or repeated headers that were concatenated.
+ client_ips = ips_from('HTTP_CLIENT_IP').reverse
+ forwarded_ips = ips_from('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR').reverse
+
+ # +Client-Ip+ and +X-Forwarded-For+ should not, generally, both be set.
+ # If they are both set, it means that this request passed through two
+ # proxies with incompatible IP header conventions, and there is no way
+ # for us to determine which header is the right one after the fact.
+ # Since we have no idea, we give up and explode.
+ should_check_ip = @check_ip && client_ips.last
+ if should_check_ip && !forwarded_ips.include?(client_ips.last)
# We don't know which came from the proxy, and which from the user
- raise IpSpoofAttackError, "IP spoofing attack?!" \
- "HTTP_CLIENT_IP=#{@env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'].inspect}" \
+ raise IpSpoofAttackError, "IP spoofing attack?! " +
+ "HTTP_CLIENT_IP=#{@env['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'].inspect} " +
"HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR=#{@env['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].inspect}"
end
- client_ips = remove_proxies [client_ip, forwarded_ip, remote_addrs].flatten
- if client_ips.present?
- client_ips.first
- else
- # If there is no client ip we can return first valid proxy ip from REMOTE_ADDR
- remote_addrs.find { |ip| valid_ip? ip }
- end
+ # We assume these things about the IP headers:
+ #
+ # - X-Forwarded-For will be a list of IPs, one per proxy, or blank
+ # - Client-Ip is propagated from the outermost proxy, or is blank
+ # - REMOTE_ADDR will be the IP that made the request to Rack
+ ips = [forwarded_ips, client_ips, remote_addr].flatten.compact
+
+ # If every single IP option is in the trusted list, just return REMOTE_ADDR
+ filter_proxies(ips).first || remote_addr
end
+ # Memoizes the value returned by #calculate_ip and returns it for
+ # ActionDispatch::Request to use.
def to_s
@ip ||= calculate_ip
end
- private
+ protected
def ips_from(header)
- @env[header] ? @env[header].strip.split(/[,\s]+/) : []
- end
-
- def valid_ip?(ip)
- ip =~ VALID_IP
- end
-
- def not_a_proxy?(ip)
- ip !~ @middleware.proxies
+ # Split the comma-separated list into an array of strings
+ ips = @env[header] ? @env[header].strip.split(/[,\s]+/) : []
+ # Only return IPs that are valid according to the regex
+ ips.select{ |ip| ip =~ VALID_IP }
end
- def remove_proxies(ips)
- ips.select { |ip| valid_ip?(ip) && not_a_proxy?(ip) }
+ def filter_proxies(ips)
+ ips.reject { |ip| ip =~ @proxies }
end
end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb
index 55079848bd..fbb47f60a2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.erb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<% unless @exception.blamed_files.blank? %>
<% if (hide = @exception.blamed_files.length > 8) %>
- <a href="#" onclick="document.getElementById('blame_trace').style.display='block'; return false;">Show blamed files</a>
+ <a href="#" onclick="s = document.getElementById('blame_trace').style; s.display = s.display == 'none' ? 'block' : 'none'; return false;">Toggle blamed files</a>
<% end %>
<pre id="blame_trace" <%='style="display:none"' if hide %>><code><%=h @exception.describe_blame %></code></pre>
<% end %>
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@
%>
<h2 style="margin-top: 30px">Request</h2>
-<p><b>Parameters</b>: <pre><%=h request_dump %></pre></p>
+<p><b>Parameters</b>:</p> <pre><%=h request_dump %></pre>
<div class="details">
- <div class="summary"><a href="#" onclick="document.getElementById('session_dump').style.display='block'; return false;">Show session dump</a></div>
- <div id="session_dump" style="display:none"><p><pre><%= debug_hash @request.session %></pre></p></div>
+ <div class="summary"><a href="#" onclick="s = document.getElementById('session_dump').style; s.display = s.display == 'none' ? 'block' : 'none'; return false;">Toggle session dump</a></div>
+ <div id="session_dump" style="display:none"><pre><%= debug_hash @request.session %></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="details">
- <div class="summary"><a href="#" onclick="document.getElementById('env_dump').style.display='block'; return false;">Show env dump</a></div>
- <div id="env_dump" style="display:none"><p><pre><%= debug_hash @request.env.slice(*@request.class::ENV_METHODS) %></pre></p></div>
+ <div class="summary"><a href="#" onclick="s = document.getElementById('env_dump').style; s.display = s.display == 'none' ? 'block' : 'none'; return false;">Toggle env dump</a></div>
+ <div id="env_dump" style="display:none"><pre><%= debug_hash @request.env.slice(*@request.class::ENV_METHODS) %></pre></div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 30px">Response</h2>
-<p><b>Headers</b>: <pre><%=h defined?(@response) ? @response.headers.inspect.gsub(',', ",\n") : 'None' %></pre></p>
+<p><b>Headers</b>:</p> <pre><%=h defined?(@response) ? @response.headers.inspect.gsub(',', ",\n") : 'None' %></pre>
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/layout.erb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/layout.erb
index 9be2b65ef4..ff33430532 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/layout.erb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/layout.erb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
<title>Action Controller: Exception caught</title>
<style>
body {
- background-color: #FFF;
+ background-color: #FAFAFA;
color: #333;
margin: 0px;
}
@@ -29,21 +29,18 @@
}
header {
- background: #980905;
- background: -webkit-linear-gradient(270deg, #980905, #C52F24);
- background: linear-gradient(270deg, #980905, #C52F24);
- color: #FFF;
- padding: 0.5em;
+ color: #F0F0F0;
+ background: #C52F24;
+ padding: 0.5em 1.5em;
}
h2 {
color: #C52F24;
- padding: 2px;
line-height: 25px;
}
.details {
- border: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
+ border: 1px solid #D0D0D0;
border-radius: 4px;
margin: 1em 0px;
display: block;
@@ -52,7 +49,7 @@
.summary {
padding: 8px 15px;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #D0D0D0;
display: block;
}
@@ -62,8 +59,9 @@
}
#container {
- margin: auto;
- width: 98%;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ width: 100%;
+ padding: 0 1.5em;
}
.source * {
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb
index 01faf5a475..9f3816bf40 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/template_error.erb
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
<div id="container">
<p>
Showing <i><%=h @exception.file_name %></i> where line <b>#<%=h @exception.line_number %></b> raised:
- <pre><code><%=h @exception.message %></code></pre>
- </p>
+ </p>
+ <pre><code><%=h @exception.message %></code></pre>
<div class="source">
<div class="info">
- <p>Extracted source (around line <strong>#<%=h @exception.line_number %></strong>):
+ <p>Extracted source (around line <strong>#<%=h @exception.line_number %></strong>):</p>
</div>
<div class="data">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="lines">
@@ -40,5 +40,4 @@
<%= render template: "rescues/_trace" %>
<%= render template: "rescues/_request_and_response" %>
- </div>
</div>
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
index 0dc6403ec0..a21383e091 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb
@@ -26,15 +26,10 @@ module ActionDispatch
def matches?(env)
req = @request.new(env)
- @constraints.each { |constraint|
- if constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)
- return false
- elsif constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(*constraint_args(constraint, req))
- return false
- end
- }
-
- return true
+ @constraints.none? do |constraint|
+ (constraint.respond_to?(:matches?) && !constraint.matches?(req)) ||
+ (constraint.respond_to?(:call) && !constraint.call(*constraint_args(constraint, req)))
+ end
ensure
req.reset_parameters
end