diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb')
| -rw-r--r-- | actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb | 278 |
1 files changed, 198 insertions, 80 deletions
diff --git a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb index 9dcd4bf554..7eae76f93b 100644 --- a/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb +++ b/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer/base.rb @@ -15,11 +15,17 @@ module ActionMailer # # $ rails generate mailer Notifier # - # The generated model inherits from <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt>. A mailer model defines methods + # The generated model inherits from <tt>ApplicationMailer</tt> which in turn + # inherits from <tt>ActionMailer::Base</tt>. A mailer model defines methods # used to generate an email message. In these methods, you can setup variables to be used in # the mailer views, options on the mail itself such as the <tt>:from</tt> address, and attachments. # - # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base + # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base + # default from: 'from@exmaple.com' + # layout 'mailer' + # end + # + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # default from: 'no-reply@example.com', # return_path: 'system@example.com' # @@ -39,23 +45,20 @@ module ActionMailer # in the same manner as <tt>attachments[]=</tt> # # * <tt>headers[]=</tt> - Allows you to specify any header field in your email such - # as <tt>headers['X-No-Spam'] = 'True'</tt>. Note, while most fields like <tt>To:</tt> - # <tt>From:</tt> can only appear once in an email header, other fields like <tt>X-Anything</tt> - # can appear multiple times. If you want to change a field that can appear multiple times, - # you need to set it to nil first so that Mail knows you are replacing it and not adding - # another field of the same name. + # as <tt>headers['X-No-Spam'] = 'True'</tt>. Note that declaring a header multiple times + # will add many fields of the same name. Read #headers doc for more information. # # * <tt>headers(hash)</tt> - Allows you to specify multiple headers in your email such # as <tt>headers({'X-No-Spam' => 'True', 'In-Reply-To' => '1234@message.id'})</tt> # # * <tt>mail</tt> - Allows you to specify email to be sent. # - # The hash passed to the mail method allows you to specify any header that a Mail::Message - # will accept (any valid Email header including optional fields). + # The hash passed to the mail method allows you to specify any header that a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> + # will accept (any valid email header including optional fields). # # The mail method, if not passed a block, will inspect your views and send all the views with # the same name as the method, so the above action would send the +welcome.text.erb+ view - # file as well as the +welcome.text.html.erb+ view file in a +multipart/alternative+ email. + # file as well as the +welcome.html.erb+ view file in a +multipart/alternative+ email. # # If you want to explicitly render only certain templates, pass a block: # @@ -87,14 +90,15 @@ module ActionMailer # name as the method in your mailer model. For example, in the mailer defined above, the template at # <tt>app/views/notifier/welcome.text.erb</tt> would be used to generate the email. # - # Variables defined in the model are accessible as instance variables in the view. + # Variables defined in the methods of your mailer model are accessible as instance variables in their + # corresponding view. # # Emails by default are sent in plain text, so a sample view for our model example might look like this: # # Hi <%= @account.name %>, # Thanks for joining our service! Please check back often. # - # You can even use Action Pack helpers in these views. For example: + # You can even use Action View helpers in these views. For example: # # You got a new note! # <%= truncate(@note.body, length: 25) %> @@ -128,19 +132,25 @@ module ActionMailer # # config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com" } # - # When you decide to set a default <tt>:host</tt> for your mailers, then you need to make sure to use the - # <tt>only_path: false</tt> option when using <tt>url_for</tt>. Since the <tt>url_for</tt> view helper - # will generate relative URLs by default when a <tt>:host</tt> option isn't explicitly provided, passing - # <tt>only_path: false</tt> will ensure that absolute URLs are generated. - # # = Sending mail # # Once a mailer action and template are defined, you can deliver your message or create it and save it # for delivery later: # - # Notifier.welcome(david).deliver # sends the email - # mail = Notifier.welcome(david) # => a Mail::Message object - # mail.deliver # sends the email + # Notifier.welcome(User.first).deliver_now # sends the email + # mail = Notifier.welcome(User.first) # => an ActionMailer::MessageDelivery object + # mail.deliver_now # sends the email + # + # The <tt>ActionMailer::MessageDelivery</tt> class is a wrapper around a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object. If + # you want direct access to the <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object you can call the <tt>message</tt> method on + # the <tt>ActionMailer::MessageDelivery</tt> object. + # + # Notifier.welcome(User.first).message # => a Mail::Message object + # + # Action Mailer is nicely integrated with Active Job so you can send emails in the background (example: outside + # of the request-response cycle, so the user doesn't have to wait on it): + # + # Notifier.welcome(User.first).deliver_later # enqueue the email sending to Active Job # # You never instantiate your mailer class. Rather, you just call the method you defined on the class itself. # @@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ module ActionMailer # * signup_notification.text.erb # * signup_notification.html.erb # * signup_notification.xml.builder - # * signup_notification.yaml.erb + # * signup_notification.yml.erb # # Each would be rendered and added as a separate part to the message, with the corresponding content # type. The content type for the entire message is automatically set to <tt>multipart/alternative</tt>, @@ -169,7 +179,7 @@ module ActionMailer # # Sending attachment in emails is easy: # - # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # def welcome(recipient) # attachments['free_book.pdf'] = File.read('path/to/file.pdf') # mail(to: recipient, subject: "New account information") @@ -185,7 +195,7 @@ module ActionMailer # If you need to send attachments with no content, you need to create an empty view for it, # or add an empty body parameter like this: # - # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # def welcome(recipient) # attachments['free_book.pdf'] = File.read('path/to/file.pdf') # mail(to: recipient, subject: "New account information", body: "") @@ -197,7 +207,7 @@ module ActionMailer # You can also specify that a file should be displayed inline with other HTML. This is useful # if you want to display a corporate logo or a photo. # - # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # def welcome(recipient) # attachments.inline['photo.png'] = File.read('path/to/photo.png') # mail(to: recipient, subject: "Here is what we look like") @@ -229,14 +239,14 @@ module ActionMailer # An interceptor class must implement the <tt>:delivering_email(message)</tt> method which will be # called before the email is sent, allowing you to make modifications to the email before it hits # the delivery agents. Your class should make any needed modifications directly to the passed - # in Mail::Message instance. + # in <tt>Mail::Message</tt> instance. # # = Default Hash # # Action Mailer provides some intelligent defaults for your emails, these are usually specified in a # default method inside the class definition: # - # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # default sender: 'system@example.com' # end # @@ -254,7 +264,7 @@ module ActionMailer # As you can pass in any header, you need to either quote the header as a string, or pass it in as # an underscored symbol, so the following will work: # - # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # default 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => '7bit', # content_description: 'This is a description' # end @@ -262,7 +272,7 @@ module ActionMailer # Finally, Action Mailer also supports passing <tt>Proc</tt> objects into the default hash, so you # can define methods that evaluate as the message is being generated: # - # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # default 'X-Special-Header' => Proc.new { my_method } # # private @@ -287,7 +297,7 @@ module ActionMailer # This may be useful, for example, when you want to add default inline attachments for all # messages sent out by a certain mailer class: # - # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base + # class Notifier < ApplicationMailer # before_action :add_inline_attachment! # # def welcome @@ -301,12 +311,50 @@ module ActionMailer # end # end # - # Callbacks in ActionMailer are implemented using AbstractController::Callbacks, so you - # can define and configure callbacks in the same manner that you would use callbacks in - # classes that inherit from ActionController::Base. + # Callbacks in Action Mailer are implemented using + # <tt>AbstractController::Callbacks</tt>, so you can define and configure + # callbacks in the same manner that you would use callbacks in classes that + # inherit from <tt>ActionController::Base</tt>. # # Note that unless you have a specific reason to do so, you should prefer using before_action - # rather than after_action in your ActionMailer classes so that headers are parsed properly. + # rather than after_action in your Action Mailer classes so that headers are parsed properly. + # + # = Previewing emails + # + # You can preview your email templates visually by adding a mailer preview file to the + # <tt>ActionMailer::Base.preview_path</tt>. Since most emails do something interesting + # with database data, you'll need to write some scenarios to load messages with fake data: + # + # class NotifierPreview < ActionMailer::Preview + # def welcome + # Notifier.welcome(User.first) + # end + # end + # + # Methods must return a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object which can be generated by calling the mailer + # method without the additional <tt>deliver_now</tt> / <tt>deliver_later</tt>. The location of the + # mailer previews directory can be configured using the <tt>preview_path</tt> option which has a default + # of <tt>test/mailers/previews</tt>: + # + # config.action_mailer.preview_path = "#{Rails.root}/lib/mailer_previews" + # + # An overview of all previews is accessible at <tt>http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers</tt> + # on a running development server instance. + # + # Previews can also be intercepted in a similar manner as deliveries can be by registering + # a preview interceptor that has a <tt>previewing_email</tt> method: + # + # class CssInlineStyler + # def self.previewing_email(message) + # # inline CSS styles + # end + # end + # + # config.action_mailer.preview_interceptors :css_inline_styler + # + # Note that interceptors need to be registered both with <tt>register_interceptor</tt> + # and <tt>register_preview_interceptor</tt> if they should operate on both sending and + # previewing emails. # # = Configuration options # @@ -317,7 +365,7 @@ module ActionMailer # per the above section. # # * <tt>logger</tt> - the logger is used for generating information on the mailing run if available. - # Can be set to nil for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own Logger and Log4r loggers. + # Can be set to +nil+ for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own +Logger+ and Log4r loggers. # # * <tt>smtp_settings</tt> - Allows detailed configuration for <tt>:smtp</tt> delivery method: # * <tt>:address</tt> - Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default @@ -331,12 +379,13 @@ module ActionMailer # This is a symbol and one of <tt>:plain</tt> (will send the password in the clear), <tt>:login</tt> (will # send password Base64 encoded) or <tt>:cram_md5</tt> (combines a Challenge/Response mechanism to exchange # information and a cryptographic Message Digest 5 algorithm to hash important information) - # * <tt>:enable_starttls_auto</tt> - When set to true, detects if STARTTLS is enabled in your SMTP server - # and starts to use it. + # * <tt>:enable_starttls_auto</tt> - Detects if STARTTLS is enabled in your SMTP server and starts + # to use it. Defaults to <tt>true</tt>. # * <tt>:openssl_verify_mode</tt> - When using TLS, you can set how OpenSSL checks the certificate. This is # really useful if you need to validate a self-signed and/or a wildcard certificate. You can use the name - # of an OpenSSL verify constant ('none', 'peer', 'client_once', 'fail_if_no_peer_cert') or directly the - # constant (OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE, OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER, ...). + # of an OpenSSL verify constant (<tt>'none'</tt>, <tt>'peer'</tt>, <tt>'client_once'</tt>, + # <tt>'fail_if_no_peer_cert'</tt>) or directly the constant (<tt>OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE</tt>, + # <tt>OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER</tt>, ...). # # * <tt>sendmail_settings</tt> - Allows you to override options for the <tt>:sendmail</tt> delivery method. # * <tt>:location</tt> - The location of the sendmail executable. Defaults to <tt>/usr/sbin/sendmail</tt>. @@ -351,17 +400,18 @@ module ActionMailer # # * <tt>delivery_method</tt> - Defines a delivery method. Possible values are <tt>:smtp</tt> (default), # <tt>:sendmail</tt>, <tt>:test</tt>, and <tt>:file</tt>. Or you may provide a custom delivery method - # object e.g. MyOwnDeliveryMethodClass. See the Mail gem documentation on the interface you need to + # object e.g. +MyOwnDeliveryMethodClass+. See the Mail gem documentation on the interface you need to # implement for a custom delivery agent. # # * <tt>perform_deliveries</tt> - Determines whether emails are actually sent from Action Mailer when you - # call <tt>.deliver</tt> on an mail message or on an Action Mailer method. This is on by default but can + # call <tt>.deliver</tt> on an email message or on an Action Mailer method. This is on by default but can # be turned off to aid in functional testing. # # * <tt>deliveries</tt> - Keeps an array of all the emails sent out through the Action Mailer with # <tt>delivery_method :test</tt>. Most useful for unit and functional testing. class Base < AbstractController::Base include DeliveryMethods + include Previews abstract! @@ -373,6 +423,14 @@ module ActionMailer include AbstractController::AssetPaths include AbstractController::Callbacks + include ActionView::Layouts + + PROTECTED_IVARS = AbstractController::Rendering::DEFAULT_PROTECTED_INSTANCE_VARIABLES + [:@_action_has_layout] + + def _protected_ivars # :nodoc: + PROTECTED_IVARS + end + helper ActionMailer::MailHelper private_class_method :new #:nodoc: @@ -385,10 +443,6 @@ module ActionMailer parts_order: [ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html" ] }.freeze - def self.default_protected_instance_vars - super.concat [:@_action_has_layout] - end - class << self # Register one or more Observers which will be notified when mail is delivered. def register_observers(*observers) @@ -401,18 +455,30 @@ module ActionMailer end # Register an Observer which will be notified when mail is delivered. - # Either a class or a string can be passed in as the Observer. If a string is passed in - # it will be +constantize+d. + # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Observer. + # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized. def register_observer(observer) - delivery_observer = (observer.is_a?(String) ? observer.constantize : observer) + delivery_observer = case observer + when String, Symbol + observer.to_s.camelize.constantize + else + observer + end + Mail.register_observer(delivery_observer) end # Register an Interceptor which will be called before mail is sent. - # Either a class or a string can be passed in as the Interceptor. If a string is passed in - # it will be <tt>constantize</tt>d. + # Either a class, string or symbol can be passed in as the Interceptor. + # If a string or symbol is passed in it will be camelized and constantized. def register_interceptor(interceptor) - delivery_interceptor = (interceptor.is_a?(String) ? interceptor.constantize : interceptor) + delivery_interceptor = case interceptor + when String, Symbol + interceptor.to_s.camelize.constantize + else + interceptor + end + Mail.register_interceptor(delivery_interceptor) end @@ -427,7 +493,7 @@ module ActionMailer # Sets the defaults through app configuration: # - # config.action_mailer.default { from: "no-reply@example.org" } + # config.action_mailer.default(from: "no-reply@example.org") # # Aliased by ::default_options= def default(value = nil) @@ -460,11 +526,11 @@ module ActionMailer end end - # Wraps an email delivery inside of ActiveSupport::Notifications instrumentation. + # Wraps an email delivery inside of <tt>ActiveSupport::Notifications</tt> instrumentation. # - # This method is actually called by the Mail::Message object itself - # through a callback when you call +:deliver+ on the Mail::Message, - # calling +deliver_mail+ directly and passing a Mail::Message will do + # This method is actually called by the <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object itself + # through a callback when you call <tt>:deliver</tt> on the <tt>Mail::Message</tt>, + # calling +deliver_mail+ directly and passing a <tt>Mail::Message</tt> will do # nothing except tell the logger you sent the email. def deliver_mail(mail) #:nodoc: ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("deliver.action_mailer") do |payload| @@ -492,8 +558,8 @@ module ActionMailer end def method_missing(method_name, *args) # :nodoc: - if respond_to?(method_name) - new(method_name, *args).message + if action_methods.include?(method_name.to_s) + MessageDelivery.new(self, method_name, *args) else super end @@ -513,16 +579,25 @@ module ActionMailer process(method_name, *args) if method_name end - def process(*args) #:nodoc: - lookup_context.skip_default_locale! + def process(method_name, *args) #:nodoc: + payload = { + mailer: self.class.name, + action: method_name + } - super - @_message = NullMail.new unless @_mail_was_called + ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("process.action_mailer", payload) do + super + @_message = NullMail.new unless @_mail_was_called + end end class NullMail #:nodoc: def body; '' end + def respond_to?(string, include_all=false) + true + end + def method_missing(*args) nil end @@ -533,20 +608,40 @@ module ActionMailer self.class.mailer_name end - # Allows you to pass random and unusual headers to the new Mail::Message + # Allows you to pass random and unusual headers to the new <tt>Mail::Message</tt> # object which will add them to itself. # # headers['X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header'] = "SecretValue" # # You can also pass a hash into headers of header field names and values, - # which will then be set on the Mail::Message object: + # which will then be set on the <tt>Mail::Message</tt> object: # # headers 'X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header' => "SecretValue", # 'In-Reply-To' => incoming.message_id # - # The resulting Mail::Message will have the following in its header: + # The resulting <tt>Mail::Message</tt> will have the following in its header: # # X-Special-Domain-Specific-Header: SecretValue + # + # Note about replacing already defined headers: + # + # * +subject+ + # * +sender+ + # * +from+ + # * +to+ + # * +cc+ + # * +bcc+ + # * +reply-to+ + # * +orig-date+ + # * +message-id+ + # * +references+ + # + # Fields can only appear once in email headers while other fields such as + # <tt>X-Anything</tt> can appear multiple times. + # + # If you want to replace any header which already exists, first set it to + # +nil+ in order to reset the value otherwise another field will be added + # for the same header. def headers(args = nil) if args @_message.headers(args) @@ -586,14 +681,29 @@ module ActionMailer # mail.attachments[0] # => Mail::Part (first attachment) # def attachments - @_message.attachments + if @_mail_was_called + LateAttachmentsProxy.new(@_message.attachments) + else + @_message.attachments + end + end + + class LateAttachmentsProxy < SimpleDelegator + def inline; _raise_error end + def []=(_name, _content); _raise_error end + + private + def _raise_error + raise RuntimeError, "Can't add attachments after `mail` was called.\n" \ + "Make sure to use `attachments[]=` before calling `mail`." + end end # The main method that creates the message and renders the email templates. There are # two ways to call this method, with a block, or without a block. # - # Both methods accept a headers hash. This hash allows you to specify the most used headers - # in an email message, these are: + # It accepts a headers hash. This hash allows you to specify + # the most used headers in an email message, these are: # # * +:subject+ - The subject of the message, if this is omitted, Action Mailer will # ask the Rails I18n class for a translated +:subject+ in the scope of @@ -633,13 +743,13 @@ module ActionMailer # templates in the view paths using by default the mailer name and the # method name that it is being called from, it will then create parts for # each of these templates intelligently, making educated guesses on correct - # content type and sequence, and return a fully prepared Mail::Message - # ready to call +:deliver+ on to send. + # content type and sequence, and return a fully prepared <tt>Mail::Message</tt> + # ready to call <tt>:deliver</tt> on to send. # # For example: # # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base - # default from: 'no-reply@test.lindsaar.net', + # default from: 'no-reply@test.lindsaar.net' # # def welcome # mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net') @@ -662,11 +772,11 @@ module ActionMailer # format.html # end # - # You can even render text directly without using a template: + # You can even render plain text directly without using a template: # # mail(to: 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net') do |format| - # format.text { render text: "Hello Mikel!" } - # format.html { render text: "<h1>Hello Mikel!</h1>" } + # format.text { render plain: "Hello Mikel!" } + # format.html { render html: "<h1>Hello Mikel!</h1>".html_safe } # end # # Which will render a +multipart/alternative+ email with +text/plain+ and @@ -680,16 +790,17 @@ module ActionMailer # end # def mail(headers = {}, &block) - @_mail_was_called = true + return @_message if @_mail_was_called && headers.blank? && !block + m = @_message # At the beginning, do not consider class default for content_type content_type = headers[:content_type] # Call all the procs (if any) - class_default = self.class.default - default_values = class_default.merge(class_default) do |k,v| - v.is_a?(Proc) ? instance_eval(&v) : v + default_values = {} + self.class.default.each do |k,v| + default_values[k] = v.is_a?(Proc) ? instance_eval(&v) : v end # Handle defaults @@ -700,7 +811,7 @@ module ActionMailer m.charset = charset = headers[:charset] # Set configure delivery behavior - wrap_delivery_behavior!(headers.delete(:delivery_method),headers.delete(:delivery_method_options)) + wrap_delivery_behavior!(headers.delete(:delivery_method), headers.delete(:delivery_method_options)) # Assign all headers except parts_order, content_type and body assignable = headers.except(:parts_order, :content_type, :body, :template_name, :template_path) @@ -708,6 +819,8 @@ module ActionMailer # Render the templates and blocks responses = collect_responses(headers, &block) + @_mail_was_called = true + create_parts_from_responses(m, responses) # Setup content type, reapply charset and handle parts order @@ -739,7 +852,7 @@ module ActionMailer when user_content_type.present? user_content_type when m.has_attachments? - if m.attachments.detect { |a| a.inline? } + if m.attachments.detect(&:inline?) ["multipart", "related", params] else ["multipart", "mixed", params] @@ -794,7 +907,7 @@ module ActionMailer if templates.empty? raise ActionView::MissingTemplate.new(paths, name, paths, false, 'mailer') else - templates.uniq { |t| t.formats }.each(&block) + templates.uniq(&:formats).each(&block) end end @@ -817,6 +930,11 @@ module ActionMailer container.add_part(part) end + # Emails do not support relative path links. + def self.supports_path? + false + end + ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:action_mailer, self) end end |