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Calendar Server Extension C. Daboo
Apple
May 3, 2007
Calendar Collection Entity Tag (CTag) in CalDAV
caldav-ctag-02
Abstract
This specification defines an extension to CalDAV that provides a
fast way for a client to determine whether the contents of a calendar
collection may have changed.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. New features in CalDAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.1. getctag WebDAV Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Appendix B. Change History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Daboo [Page 1]
CalDAV Proxy May 2007
1. Introduction
In CalDAV [RFC4791] calendar data is stored in calendar collection
resources. Clients need to "poll" calendar collections in order to
find out what has changed since the last time they examined it.
Currently that involves having to do a PROPFIND Depth:1 HTTP request,
or a CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT request. When a calendar
collection contains a large number of calendar resources those
operations become expensive on the server.
Calendar users often configure their clients to poll at short time
intervals. So polling traffic to the server will be high, even
though the frequency at which changes actually occur to a calendar is
typically low.
To improve on performance, this specification defines a new "calendar
collection entity tag" (CTag) WebDAV property that is defined on
calendar collections. When the calendar collection changes, the CTag
value changes. Thus a client can cache the CTag at some point in
time, then poll the collection only (i.e. PROPFIND Depth:0 HTTP
requests) and determine if a change has happened based on the
returned CTag value. If there is a change, it can then fall back to
doing the full (Depth:1) poll of the collection to actually determine
which resources in the collection changed.
This extension also defines CTag's on CalDAV scheduling
[I-D.desruisseaux-caldav-sched] Inbox and Outbox collections.
2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
When XML element types in the namespaces "DAV:" and
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" are referenced in this document
outside of the context of an XML fragment, the string "DAV:" and
"CALDAV:" will be prefixed to the element type names respectively.
The namespace "http://calendarserver.org/ns/" is used for XML
elements defined in this specification. When XML element types in
this namespace are referenced in this document outside of the context
of an XML fragment, the string "CS:" will be prefixed to the element
type names respectively.
Daboo [Page 2]
CalDAV Proxy May 2007
3. Overview
3.1. Server
For each calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox collection on the
server, a new CS:getctag WebDAV property is present.
The property value is an "opaque" token whose value is guaranteed to
be unique over the lifetime of any calendar or scheduling Inbox or
Outbox collection at a specific URI.
Whenever a calendar resource is added to, modified or deleted from
the calendar collection, the value of the CS:getctag property MUST
change. Typically this change will occur when the DAV:getetag
property on a child resource changes due to some protocol action. It
could be the result of a change to the body or properties of the
resource.
3.2. Client
The client starts off with an empty string as the initial value for
the cached CTag of a calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox
collection that it intends to synchronize with.
When polling a calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox collection, the
client issues a PROPFIND Depth:0 HTTP request, asking for the CS:
getctag property to be returned.
If the returned value of CS:getctag property matches the one
currently cached for the calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox
collection, then the collection contents have not changed and no
further action is required until the next poll.
If the returned value of CS:getctag property does not match the one
found previously, then the contents of the calendar or scheduling
Inbox or Outbox collection have changed. At that point the client
should re-issue the PROPFIND Depth:1 request to get the collection
changes in detail and the CS:getctag property value corresponding to
the new state. The new CSgetctag property value should replace the
one currently cached for that calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox
collection.
4. New features in CalDAV
Daboo [Page 3]
CalDAV Proxy May 2007
4.1. getctag WebDAV Property
Name: getctag
Namespace: http://calendarserver.org/ns/
Purpose: Specifies a "synchronization" token used to indicate when
the contents of a calendar or scheduling Inbox or Outbox
collection have changed.
Conformance: This property MUST be defined on a calendar or
scheduling Inbox or Outbox collection resource. It MUST be
protected and SHOULD be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request
(as defined in Section 12.14.1 of [RFC2518]).
Description: The CS:getctag property allows clients to quickly
determine if the contents of a calendar or scheduling Inbox or
Outbox collection have changed since the last time a
"synchronization" operation was done. The CS:getctag property
value MUST change each time the contents of the calendar or
scheduling Inbox or Outbox collection change, and each change MUST
result in a value that is different from any other used with that
collection URI.
Definition:
<!ELEMENT getctag #PCDATA>
Example:
<T:getctag xmlns:T="http://calendarserver.org/ns/"
>ABCD-GUID-IN-THIS-COLLECTION-20070228T122324010340</T:getctag>
5. Security Considerations
The CS:getctag property value changes whenever any resource in the
collection or scheduling Inbox or Outbox changes. Thus a change to a
resource that a user does not have read access to will result in a
change in the CTag and the user will know that a change occurred.
However, that user will not able to get additional details about
exactly what changed as WebDAV ACLs [RFC3744] will prevent that. So
this does expose the fact that there are potentially "hidden"
resources in a calendar collection, but it does not expose any
details about them.
Daboo [Page 4]
CalDAV Proxy May 2007
6. IANA Considerations
This document does not require any actions on the part of IANA.
7. Normative References
[I-D.desruisseaux-caldav-sched]
Desruisseaux, B., "Scheduling Extensions to CalDAV",
draft-desruisseaux-caldav-sched-03 (work in progress),
January 2007.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2518] Goland, Y., Whitehead, E., Faizi, A., Carter, S., and D.
Jensen, "HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring --
WEBDAV", RFC 2518, February 1999.
[RFC3744] Clemm, G., Reschke, J., Sedlar, E., and J. Whitehead, "Web
Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Access
Control Protocol", RFC 3744, May 2004.
[RFC4791] Daboo, C., Desruisseaux, B., and L. Dusseault,
"Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)", RFC 4791,
March 2007.
Appendix A. Acknowledgments
This specification is the result of discussions between the Apple
calendar server and client teams.
Appendix B. Change History
Changes from -01:
1. Updated to RFC4791 reference.
2. Added text indicating that ctag applies to schedule Inbox and
Outbox as well.
Changes from -00:
1. Relaxed requirement so that any type of change to a child
resource can trigger a CTag change (similar behavior to ETag).
Daboo [Page 5]
CalDAV Proxy May 2007
Author's Address
Cyrus Daboo
Apple Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
USA
Email: cyrus@daboo.name
URI: http://www.apple.com/
Daboo [Page 6]
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